军事英语翻译竞赛
动漫人才-灭鼠行动
军事英语翻译竞赛试题
I．汉译英题：
陆军是中国人
民解放军的重要组成部分，主要担负陆地作战任务。由步兵（摩
托化步兵、机械化步兵）、装甲兵（坦克
兵）、炮兵、防空兵、陆军航空兵、工程
兵、防化兵、通信兵等兵种及电子对抗兵、侦察兵、测绘兵等专
业兵组成。按其
担负的任务又分为野战机动部队、海防部队、边防部队、警卫警备部队等。
新
中国成立初期，人民解放军陆军以步兵为主。经过几十年建设，陆续建立
和加强炮兵、装甲兵、工程兵、
通信兵等兵种和部队。1985年组建合成的陆军
集团军，将装甲兵部队的全部，炮兵、高炮部队的大部
及部分野战工兵编入集团
军序列。集团军内特种兵的数量第一次超过了步兵。每个集团军都有数十个技术
兵种，一百多种专业，专业兵种分队约占部分队数量的80%，专业技术兵员约占
总员额的70
%。集团军的火力、突击力、机动力、防护力和快速反应能力都有较
大提高，能在上级编成内或独立遂行
战役作战任务。
1987年5月，中央军委决定组建陆军航空兵，人民解放军一个新兴兵种从
此诞生，加入到了陆军编制序列。今天的陆军航空兵已经拥有多种机种和机型，
技术精湛的特级飞行员和
能飞4种气象的全天候飞行员占飞行员总数70%以上。
这表明中国人民解放军陆军开始由地面向空中扩
展，由单一平面作战向多维立体
作战转变。
21世纪的中国陆军，在进一步加强机械化的同时
，信息化建设迈开了大步。
电子信息装备的数字化、综合化、一体化、保密和抗干扰能力有所提高，利用
、
控制电磁频谱和及时、准确地遂行各种电子信息支援保障任务的能力得到加强。
（608字）
II．英译汉题：
Information, the
Growing Role in War
What does information
dominance mean? Taken separately, the terms
“information” and “dominance” seem easily
definable. Together, however, they form
a
complex concept, as the latter term implies a form
of hostile interaction. In the
context of
adversarial relations, the simplest, and most
accurate definition of
information dominance
holds that it consists of “knowing everything
about an
adversary while keeping the adversary
from knowing much about oneself.” The
concept
of dominance also implies that such an advantage
“matters”, that it decisively
enhances one’s
own strength while debilitating one’s opponent.
The leading philosophers of strategic thought
offer mixed views about the
importance of
information. Sun Tzu held effecting war-winning
surprise attacks.
Clausewitz, on the other
hand, found that “friction” and the “fog of war”
rendered the
influence of superior information
negligible. This debate remains unresolved today,
with adherents of each view found
within and across national and service boundaries.
The historical record, both ancient and
modern, provides support for both views.
For
example, Hannibal’s skillful use of signal mirrors
during the Second Punic War
kept him apprised
of Roman movements, enabling him continually to
spring decisive
tactical surprises on his
enemies. Yet Xenophon chronicles the saga of a
Greek
mercenary force --- trapped leaderless
deep inside the Persian Empire and knowing
only that the Black Sea lay far to the north
and west --- which nevertheless fought its
way
to freedom. In the modern era, the outgunned Royal
Air Force prevailed in the
Battle of Britain
thanks largely to its informational advantages
over the Luftwaffe.
However, in Vietnam,
American ground forces operating in a sea of
better-informed
enemies, consistently won
tactical victories.
Why has the role of
information in warfare proved so mixed? Because,
throughout history, while knowing more has
often provided the necessary conditions
for
achieving startling victories, information
dominance alone has rarely generated
sufficient conditions for winning. Thus, the
multitude of surrounding Persian forces
failed
against Xenophon’s hoplites because they couldn’t
cope with the Greek
phalanx.
As the
foregoing examples imply, information dominance
has, to some degree,
hovered in the wings of
warfare’s stage. However, recent indicators
suggest its
readiness to assume a major role
in shaping the course and determining the outcomes
of wars to come. This breakthrough stems from
the increased size of the operational
battlefield, which is the result of both the
increasing accuracy and destructiveness of
weaponry, and emerging ability to coordinate
and control complex maneuvers, along
with
logistical support, over great distances. Just as
the introduction orders written on
paper a few
thousand years ago transformed warfare by
expanding a commander’s
possible campaign and
battle moves, so computerization, in its effects
on information
processing and precision-guided
weaponry, will create its own revolution in
war-fighting. Indeed, the new paradigm for
conflict implies that information
dominance
will win wars, as the uninformed may lose the very
ability to fight. The
recent Gulf War may
prove a harbinger of this form of warfare.
In
the war to liberate Kuwait, U. S. forces enjoyed
almost complete information
dominance, and a
form of “control warfare” emerged. At the tactical
level, the Iraqis
seldom knew the origin or
strength of the forces attacking them. At the
operational
level, almost no capability for
cohesive large-unit maneuver and combat remained
after the first hours of the ground campaign.
Unlike traditional blitzkrieg doctrine,
which
calls for penetrations and flanking attacks along
the lines of what Liddell Hart
called “the
expanding torrent,” this campaign “end ran” around
an entire field army,
harkening more to the
classic Mongol campaigns of the 13th century than
to the fall
of France in 1940. In General
Colin Powell’s words, the Iraqi army was “cut off
and
killed.” His phrase conjures up the image
of the opponent as a “living” system.
In sum,
the foregoing argues that information dominance
has always “mattered,”
but that a variety of
factors have now converged to enable it to fulfill
its potential to
achieve overarching effects
in the realm of conflict. Finally, it is crucial
to note that
the exercise of information
dominance in crisis and war will depend upon
developing
and maintaining capabilities
and resources during peacetime. Like sea and air
power
before it, information dominance must
arise and operate continuously. Much as the
Royal Navy’s constant vigilance operated to
ensure the Pax Britannica of the 19th
century,
so the many military and civilian contributors to
information dominance will
have to keep a
peacetime “weather eye” upon a multitude of
potential threats,
enabling them, when
necessary, to judiciously and effectively employ
force.
Even with this conception of
information dominance in hand, there remains a
need to apply it in the most efficient manner.
For this purpose, it is useful to develop
the
notion of potential opponents as “systems”: this
serves to focus the insights and
energies
derived from the achievement and exercise of
information dominance. For,
when this new form
of information power is applied against “centers
of gravity”
identified by means of systems
analysis, few adversaries will have the
wherewithal to
withstand American suasion or
force, in peace of war. (844 words)