甲类船长航海英语6050 题库补充50题(8.1操纵)
河南省招生办公室成绩查询-英才招聘
08.1 船舶操纵基本知识 (或见考证题库合集134-138页)
[2151]When a vessel navigates in an area with
a small underkeel clearance but with adequate
space to
take avoiding action she ______.
A. should not be regarded as a vessel
constrained by her draught
B. should be
regarded as a vessel constrained by her draught
C. shall be regarded as a vessel restricted
in her ability to maneuver
D. should be
regarded as a non-displacement vessel．
KEY:
A
[2152]When towing astern，one way to reduce
yawing of the tow is to ______.
A. trim the
tow by the stern
B. trim the tow by the head
C. have the tow on an even keel
D. list
the tow on the side it is yawing
KEY: A
[2153]While moving ahead，a twin-screw ship has
an advantage over a single-screw ship because
______.
A. correct trim will be obtained
more easily
B. drag effect will be cancelled
out
C. side forces will be eliminated
D. speed will be increased
KEY: C
[2154]A racetrack turn would be better than a
Williamson turn in recovering a man overboard if
______.
A. the man has been missing for a
period of time
B. the sea water is very cold
and the man is visible
C. there is thick fog
D. the wind was from astern on the original
course
KEY: B
[2155]A reaching course is
one in which the wind ______.
A. comes
directly over the bow
B. comes directly over
the stern
C. comes over an area extending
from broad on the bow to the quarter
D. has
no effect on the vessel
KEY: C
[2156]A
towing vessel becomes tripped while towing on a
hawser astern. What factor is MOST
important
when assessing the risk of capsizing?
A.
Length of the towline
B. Height of the
towline connection
C. Longitudinal position
of the towline connection
D. Direction of
opposing force
KEY: B
[2157]A twin screw
vessel，making headway with both engines turning
ahead，will turn more readily to
starboard if
you ______.
A. reverse port engine，apply
right rudder
B. reverse port engine，rudder
amidships
C. reverse starboard engine，apply
right rudder
D. reverse starboard
engine，rudder amidships
KEY: C
[2158]A
twin-screw ship going ahead on the starboard screw
only tends to move ______.
A. in a straight
line
B. to port
C. from side to side
D. to starboard
KEY: B
[2159]A
twin-screw vessel can clear the inboard propeller
and maneuver off a pier best by holding a(n)
______.
A. forward spring line and going
slow ahead on the inboard engine
B. after
spring line and going slow astern on the outboard
engine
C. forward spring line and going slow
ahead on both engines
D. forward spring line
and going slow ahead on the outboard engine
KEY: D
[2160]A twin-screw vessel is
easier to maneuver than a single-screw vessel
because the twin-screw
vessel ______.
A.
permits the rudder to move faster
B.
generates more power
C. can turn without
using her rudder
D. can suck the water away
from the rudder
KEY: C
[2161]A vessel
fitted with twin screws is easier in ______ than a
vessel with single screw．
A. turning
maneuver
B. course setting
C. position
fixing
D. regulating speed
KEY: A
[2162]A vessel is considered to be restricted
in her ability to maneuver under the Rules if she
is ______.
A. at anchor
B.
mine-clearing
C. engaged in fishing
D.
engaged in towing
KEY: B
[2163]A vessel
is equipped with a single right-handed screw. With
rudder amidships and calm wind，
the vessel will
most likely back ______.
A. straight astern
B. to port
C. to starboard
D. in
no particular direction
KEY: B
[2164]A
vessel that is dead in the water on an even keel
with most of her superstructure forward will lay
______.
A. A．With the wind abaft the
beam or on the stern
B. B．With the wind on
the beam
C. C．With the wind on the bow
D. D．With the wind dead ahead
KEY: A
[2165]A vessel towing astern in an operation
which severely restricts the towing vessel and her
tow in
their ability to change course
shall，when making way，exhibit ______.
A. the
masthead lights for a towing vessel
B. the
lights for a vessel restricted in its ability to
maneuver
C. sidelights，sternlight and towing
light
D. All of the above
KEY: D
[2166]A vessel travelling down a narrow
channel，especially if the draft is nearly equal to
the depth of
the water，may set off the nearer
side. This effect is known as ______.
A.
smelling the bottom
B. squatting
C.
bank suction
D. bank cushion
KEY: D
[2167]A vessel which through some exceptional
circumstance is unable to maneuver as required by
these Rules and is therefore unable to keep
out of the way of another vessel is called ______.
A. a vessel restricted in her ability to
maneuver
B. a vessel not under command
C. a vessel engaged in fishing
D. a
vessel constrained by her draught．
KEY: B
[2168]A vessel，which is unable to maneuver due
to some exceptional circumstance，shall exhibit
______.
A. during the day，three balls in a
vertical line
B. during the day，three
shapes，the highest and lowest being balls and the
middle being a diamond
C. when making way at
night，two all-round red lights，sidelights，and a
sternlight
D. when making way at
night，masthead lights，sidelights，and a sternlight
KEY: C
[2169]Apparent wind speed blowing
across a vessel under tow can be measured by a(n)
______.
A. barometer
B. wind vane
C. anemometer
D. thermometer
KEY:
C
[2170]As a ship moves through the water，it
drags with it a body of water called the wake. The
ratio of
the wake speed to the ship's speed is
called ______.
A. propeller velocity
B.
speed of advance
C. wake distribution
D. wake fraction
KEY: D
[2171]As a
vessel falls off the wind from close-hauled to a
beam reach，the tendency for the vessel to
move
sideways through the water will ______.
A.
increase
B. decrease
C. change only if
the vessel comes about on the opposite tack
D. not change
KEY: B
[2172]At
night，a vessel shall indicate that she is
restricted in her ability to maneuver by showing
in a
vertical line two ______.
A. red
lights
B. red lights and two white lights
C. red lights with a white light in between
D. white lights with a red light in between
KEY: C
[2173]Besides saving distance
along the track line，another advantage of the
Scharnow Turn over the
Williamson Turn in a
man overboard situation because ______.
A.
it is faster
B. it can be used in both the
immediate action and the delayed action situations
C. in fog，if the turn is started as soon as
the man goes over，the vessel will be at the point
where he
went over when the turn is
completed
D. it returns the vessel to the
original track line on a reciprocal course
KEY: A
[2174]Catenary as applied to tow
lines denotes the ______.
A. dip of the line
B. stretch of the line
C. strain on the
line
D. length of the line
KEY: A
[2175]Changing direction by bringing the stern
of the vessel through the eye of the wind is known
as
______.
A. jibing
B. running
before the wind
C. tacking
D. reefing
KEY: A
[2176]For the deepest water when
rounding a bend in a river，you should navigate
your vessel ______.
A. toward the inside of
the bend
B. toward the outside of the bend
C. toward the center of the river just before
the bend，then change course for the river's center
after the
bend
D. in the river's center
KEY: B
[2177]How does the effect known as
bank suction act on a single-screw vessel
proceeding along a
narrow channel? ______.
A. It pulls the bow toward the bank.
B.
It pushes the entire vessel away from the bank.
C. It pulls the stern toward the bank.
D. It heels the vessel toward the bank.
KEY: C
[2178]If a towing vessel and her
tow are severely restricted in their ability to
change course，they may
show lights in addition
to their towing identification lights. These
additional lights may be shown if the
tow is
______.
A. pushed ahead
B. towed
alongside
C. towed astern
D. Any of
the above
KEY: D
[2179]If a vessel under
tow starts jumping on its tow line，the most
appropriate action to alleviate the
condition
is to ______.
A. change course
B. slow
down
C. heave to
D. adjust tow line
length
KEY: D
[2180]If the towing bridle
legs are not of equal length ______.
A.
excessive strain is placed on the shorter leg
B. the shorter leg may fail
C. the
longer leg is slack
D. All of the above
KEY: D
[2181]If the towline parts，you
should ______.
A. start towing by pushing
ahead
B. abandon the towing vessel
C.
retrieve the tow bridle
D. relieve strain on
the retrieving line
KEY: C
[2182]If you
are the stand-on vessel in a crossing
situation，you may take action to avoid collision
by
your maneuver alone. When may this action
be taken? ______.
A. At any time you feel it
is appropriate
B. Only when you have reached
extremis
C. When you determine that your
present course will cross ahead of the other
vessel
D. When it becomes apparent to you
that the give-way vessel is not taking appropriate
action
KEY: D
[2183]In a following sea，a
wave has overtaken your vessel and thrown the
stern to starboard. To
continue along your
original course，you should ______.
A. use
more right rudder
B. use more left rudder
C. increase speed
D. decrease speed
KEY: A
[2184]In ballasting to survival
draft，while in transit，due to extreme wind and
wave loads，thrusters or
propulsion，if
available，should be used to ______.
A.
reduce windward mooring tensions
B. maintain
vessel heading
C. maximize accelerations
D. increase speed of advance
KEY:
B
[2185]In order for a vessel to be engaged in
fishing she must be ______.
A. underway
B. using gear which extends more than 50
meters outboard
C. using a seine of some
type
D. using gear which restricts her
maneuverability
KEY: D
[2186]In order to
back a right-handed，single-screw vessel in a
straight line，you will probably need to
use
______.
A. very little rudder
B. some
left rudder
C. some right rudder
D.
full left rudder
KEY: C
[2187]In towing
it is desirable for the tug and the vessel to ride
wave crests simultaneously because
______.
A. shock loading on the tow line is reduced
B. towing speed is improved
C. the
vessel is more visible from the tug
D. the
catenary of the tow line is reduced
KEY: A
[2188]In towing，heaving lines are used for
______.
A. passing a tow bridle to the tug
B. passing a messenger line
C. heaving
in the tow bridle
D. service lines with
rocket line throwers
KEY: B
[2189]In
twin-screw engine installations while going
ahead，maneuvering qualities are most effective
when the tops of the propeller blades both
turn ______.
A. to starboard
B.
outboard from the center
C. to port
D.
inboard toward the center
KEY: B
[2190]It is easier to dock a right-
hand，single-screw vessel ______.
A.
starboard side to the wharf
B. either side
to the wharf
C. port side to the wharf
D. stern to the wharf
KEY: C
[2191]Most of your vessel's superstructure is
forward. How will the vessel lie when drifting
with no
way on? ______.
A. With the wind
from ahead
B. With the wind off the port
beam
C. With the wind off the starboard beam
D. With the wind from abaft the beam
KEY: D
[2192]Once a towline is connected
between the towing vessel and the disabled
vessel，the towing vessel
should ______.
A. not exceed bare steerageway during the
transit
B. take a strain as soon as you can
to control the tow
C. come up to speed very
slowly and maintain a safe speed
D. come up
to speed quickly，then cut back power considerably
to ease the strain
KEY: C
[2193]One
advantage of chain over wire rope for a tow bridle
is that chain ______.
A. is better suited
for inland towing
B. resists damage from
chafing
C. handles more easily
D.
equalizes towing forces better
KEY: B
[2194]One major advantage of the round turn
maneuver in a man overboard situation is that it
______.
A. is the fastest method
B. is
easy for a single-screw vessel to perform
C.
requires the least shiphandling skills to perform
D. can be used in reduced visibility
KEY: A
[2195]The best method to secure a
tow line to a cleat is to ______.
A. take a
turn around the cleat，then figure-eights，and a
half-hitch
B. make figure-eights，followed by
a half-hitch，then a figure-eight knot
C.
take a turn，a half turn，and a figure-eight
D.
take several turns around the cleat only
KEY:
A
[2196]The biggest problem you generally
encounter while towing a single tow astern is
______.
A. the catenary dragging on the
bottom
B. swamping of the tow
C. the
tow tending to dive
D. yaw
KEY:
D
[2197]The catenary ______.
A. acts as
a reserve length of towing hawser when the tug
applies more power，and it dampens the
surge
effect of the tow
B. gives an approximation
of the amount of strain on the towing hawser
C. is the dip in the towing hawser between
the tug and the tow
D. All of the above
KEY: D
[2198]The condition where a ship
on the end of a tow line is riding a wave crest at
the same time as its
tug rides a wave crest is
known as riding in ______.
A. synchronism
B. harmony
C. check
D. step
KEY: D
[2199]The distance that a vessel
travels from the time that the order to put
engines full astern until the
vessel is dead
in the water is known as ______.
A. advance
B. head reach
C. surge
D.
transfer
KEY: B
[2200]The effect known
as bank cushion acts in which of the following
ways on a single-screw vessel
proceeding along
a narrow channel?
A. It forces the bow away
from the bank.
B. It forces the stern away
from the bank.
C. It forces the entire
vessel away from the bank.
D. It heels the
vessel toward the bank.
KEY: A
08.1 船舶操纵基本知识 (或见考证题库合集134-138页)
[2151]When a vessel navigates in an area with
a small underkeel clearance but with adequate
space to
take avoiding action she ______.
A. should not be regarded as a vessel
constrained by her draught
B. should be
regarded as a vessel constrained by her draught
C. shall be regarded as a vessel restricted
in her ability to maneuver
D. should be
regarded as a non-displacement vessel．
KEY:
A
[2152]When towing astern，one way to reduce
yawing of the tow is to ______.
A. trim the
tow by the stern
B. trim the tow by the head
C. have the tow on an even keel
D. list
the tow on the side it is yawing
KEY: A
[2153]While moving ahead，a twin-screw ship has
an advantage over a single-screw ship because
______.
A. correct trim will be obtained
more easily
B. drag effect will be cancelled
out
C. side forces will be eliminated
D. speed will be increased
KEY: C
[2154]A racetrack turn would be better than a
Williamson turn in recovering a man overboard if
______.
A. the man has been missing for a
period of time
B. the sea water is very cold
and the man is visible
C. there is thick fog
D. the wind was from astern on the original
course
KEY: B
[2155]A reaching course is
one in which the wind ______.
A. comes
directly over the bow
B. comes directly over
the stern
C. comes over an area extending
from broad on the bow to the quarter
D. has
no effect on the vessel
KEY: C
[2156]A
towing vessel becomes tripped while towing on a
hawser astern. What factor is MOST
important
when assessing the risk of capsizing?
A.
Length of the towline
B. Height of the
towline connection
C. Longitudinal position
of the towline connection
D. Direction of
opposing force
KEY: B
[2157]A twin screw
vessel，making headway with both engines turning
ahead，will turn more readily to
starboard if
you ______.
A. reverse port engine，apply
right rudder
B. reverse port engine，rudder
amidships
C. reverse starboard engine，apply
right rudder
D. reverse starboard
engine，rudder amidships
KEY: C
[2158]A
twin-screw ship going ahead on the starboard screw
only tends to move ______.
A. in a straight
line
B. to port
C. from side to side
D. to starboard
KEY: B
[2159]A
twin-screw vessel can clear the inboard propeller
and maneuver off a pier best by holding a(n)
______.
A. forward spring line and going
slow ahead on the inboard engine
B. after
spring line and going slow astern on the outboard
engine
C. forward spring line and going slow
ahead on both engines
D. forward spring line
and going slow ahead on the outboard engine
KEY: D
[2160]A twin-screw vessel is
easier to maneuver than a single-screw vessel
because the twin-screw
vessel ______.
A.
permits the rudder to move faster
B.
generates more power
C. can turn without
using her rudder
D. can suck the water away
from the rudder
KEY: C
[2161]A vessel
fitted with twin screws is easier in ______ than a
vessel with single screw．
A. turning
maneuver
B. course setting
C. position
fixing
D. regulating speed
KEY: A
[2162]A vessel is considered to be restricted
in her ability to maneuver under the Rules if she
is ______.
A. at anchor
B.
mine-clearing
C. engaged in fishing
D.
engaged in towing
KEY: B
[2163]A vessel
is equipped with a single right-handed screw. With
rudder amidships and calm wind，
the vessel will
most likely back ______.
A. straight astern
B. to port
C. to starboard
D. in
no particular direction
KEY: B
[2164]A
vessel that is dead in the water on an even keel
with most of her superstructure forward will lay
______.
A. A．With the wind abaft the
beam or on the stern
B. B．With the wind on
the beam
C. C．With the wind on the bow
D. D．With the wind dead ahead
KEY: A
[2165]A vessel towing astern in an operation
which severely restricts the towing vessel and her
tow in
their ability to change course
shall，when making way，exhibit ______.
A. the
masthead lights for a towing vessel
B. the
lights for a vessel restricted in its ability to
maneuver
C. sidelights，sternlight and towing
light
D. All of the above
KEY: D
[2166]A vessel travelling down a narrow
channel，especially if the draft is nearly equal to
the depth of
the water，may set off the nearer
side. This effect is known as ______.
A.
smelling the bottom
B. squatting
C.
bank suction
D. bank cushion
KEY: D
[2167]A vessel which through some exceptional
circumstance is unable to maneuver as required by
these Rules and is therefore unable to keep
out of the way of another vessel is called ______.
A. a vessel restricted in her ability to
maneuver
B. a vessel not under command
C. a vessel engaged in fishing
D. a
vessel constrained by her draught．
KEY: B
[2168]A vessel，which is unable to maneuver due
to some exceptional circumstance，shall exhibit
______.
A. during the day，three balls in a
vertical line
B. during the day，three
shapes，the highest and lowest being balls and the
middle being a diamond
C. when making way at
night，two all-round red lights，sidelights，and a
sternlight
D. when making way at
night，masthead lights，sidelights，and a sternlight
KEY: C
[2169]Apparent wind speed blowing
across a vessel under tow can be measured by a(n)
______.
A. barometer
B. wind vane
C. anemometer
D. thermometer
KEY:
C
[2170]As a ship moves through the water，it
drags with it a body of water called the wake. The
ratio of
the wake speed to the ship's speed is
called ______.
A. propeller velocity
B.
speed of advance
C. wake distribution
D. wake fraction
KEY: D
[2171]As a
vessel falls off the wind from close-hauled to a
beam reach，the tendency for the vessel to
move
sideways through the water will ______.
A.
increase
B. decrease
C. change only if
the vessel comes about on the opposite tack
D. not change
KEY: B
[2172]At
night，a vessel shall indicate that she is
restricted in her ability to maneuver by showing
in a
vertical line two ______.
A. red
lights
B. red lights and two white lights
C. red lights with a white light in between
D. white lights with a red light in between
KEY: C
[2173]Besides saving distance
along the track line，another advantage of the
Scharnow Turn over the
Williamson Turn in a
man overboard situation because ______.
A.
it is faster
B. it can be used in both the
immediate action and the delayed action situations
C. in fog，if the turn is started as soon as
the man goes over，the vessel will be at the point
where he
went over when the turn is
completed
D. it returns the vessel to the
original track line on a reciprocal course
KEY: A
[2174]Catenary as applied to tow
lines denotes the ______.
A. dip of the line
B. stretch of the line
C. strain on the
line
D. length of the line
KEY: A
[2175]Changing direction by bringing the stern
of the vessel through the eye of the wind is known
as
______.
A. jibing
B. running
before the wind
C. tacking
D. reefing
KEY: A
[2176]For the deepest water when
rounding a bend in a river，you should navigate
your vessel ______.
A. toward the inside of
the bend
B. toward the outside of the bend
C. toward the center of the river just before
the bend，then change course for the river's center
after the
bend
D. in the river's center
KEY: B
[2177]How does the effect known as
bank suction act on a single-screw vessel
proceeding along a
narrow channel? ______.
A. It pulls the bow toward the bank.
B.
It pushes the entire vessel away from the bank.
C. It pulls the stern toward the bank.
D. It heels the vessel toward the bank.
KEY: C
[2178]If a towing vessel and her
tow are severely restricted in their ability to
change course，they may
show lights in addition
to their towing identification lights. These
additional lights may be shown if the
tow is
______.
A. pushed ahead
B. towed
alongside
C. towed astern
D. Any of
the above
KEY: D
[2179]If a vessel under
tow starts jumping on its tow line，the most
appropriate action to alleviate the
condition
is to ______.
A. change course
B. slow
down
C. heave to
D. adjust tow line
length
KEY: D
[2180]If the towing bridle
legs are not of equal length ______.
A.
excessive strain is placed on the shorter leg
B. the shorter leg may fail
C. the
longer leg is slack
D. All of the above
KEY: D
[2181]If the towline parts，you
should ______.
A. start towing by pushing
ahead
B. abandon the towing vessel
C.
retrieve the tow bridle
D. relieve strain on
the retrieving line
KEY: C
[2182]If you
are the stand-on vessel in a crossing
situation，you may take action to avoid collision
by
your maneuver alone. When may this action
be taken? ______.
A. At any time you feel it
is appropriate
B. Only when you have reached
extremis
C. When you determine that your
present course will cross ahead of the other
vessel
D. When it becomes apparent to you
that the give-way vessel is not taking appropriate
action
KEY: D
[2183]In a following sea，a
wave has overtaken your vessel and thrown the
stern to starboard. To
continue along your
original course，you should ______.
A. use
more right rudder
B. use more left rudder
C. increase speed
D. decrease speed
KEY: A
[2184]In ballasting to survival
draft，while in transit，due to extreme wind and
wave loads，thrusters or
propulsion，if
available，should be used to ______.
A.
reduce windward mooring tensions
B. maintain
vessel heading
C. maximize accelerations
D. increase speed of advance
KEY:
B
[2185]In order for a vessel to be engaged in
fishing she must be ______.
A. underway
B. using gear which extends more than 50
meters outboard
C. using a seine of some
type
D. using gear which restricts her
maneuverability
KEY: D
[2186]In order to
back a right-handed，single-screw vessel in a
straight line，you will probably need to
use
______.
A. very little rudder
B. some
left rudder
C. some right rudder
D.
full left rudder
KEY: C
[2187]In towing
it is desirable for the tug and the vessel to ride
wave crests simultaneously because
______.
A. shock loading on the tow line is reduced
B. towing speed is improved
C. the
vessel is more visible from the tug
D. the
catenary of the tow line is reduced
KEY: A
[2188]In towing，heaving lines are used for
______.
A. passing a tow bridle to the tug
B. passing a messenger line
C. heaving
in the tow bridle
D. service lines with
rocket line throwers
KEY: B
[2189]In
twin-screw engine installations while going
ahead，maneuvering qualities are most effective
when the tops of the propeller blades both
turn ______.
A. to starboard
B.
outboard from the center
C. to port
D.
inboard toward the center
KEY: B
[2190]It is easier to dock a right-
hand，single-screw vessel ______.
A.
starboard side to the wharf
B. either side
to the wharf
C. port side to the wharf
D. stern to the wharf
KEY: C
[2191]Most of your vessel's superstructure is
forward. How will the vessel lie when drifting
with no
way on? ______.
A. With the wind
from ahead
B. With the wind off the port
beam
C. With the wind off the starboard beam
D. With the wind from abaft the beam
KEY: D
[2192]Once a towline is connected
between the towing vessel and the disabled
vessel，the towing vessel
should ______.
A. not exceed bare steerageway during the
transit
B. take a strain as soon as you can
to control the tow
C. come up to speed very
slowly and maintain a safe speed
D. come up
to speed quickly，then cut back power considerably
to ease the strain
KEY: C
[2193]One
advantage of chain over wire rope for a tow bridle
is that chain ______.
A. is better suited
for inland towing
B. resists damage from
chafing
C. handles more easily
D.
equalizes towing forces better
KEY: B
[2194]One major advantage of the round turn
maneuver in a man overboard situation is that it
______.
A. is the fastest method
B. is
easy for a single-screw vessel to perform
C.
requires the least shiphandling skills to perform
D. can be used in reduced visibility
KEY: A
[2195]The best method to secure a
tow line to a cleat is to ______.
A. take a
turn around the cleat，then figure-eights，and a
half-hitch
B. make figure-eights，followed by
a half-hitch，then a figure-eight knot
C.
take a turn，a half turn，and a figure-eight
D.
take several turns around the cleat only
KEY:
A
[2196]The biggest problem you generally
encounter while towing a single tow astern is
______.
A. the catenary dragging on the
bottom
B. swamping of the tow
C. the
tow tending to dive
D. yaw
KEY:
D
[2197]The catenary ______.
A. acts as
a reserve length of towing hawser when the tug
applies more power，and it dampens the
surge
effect of the tow
B. gives an approximation
of the amount of strain on the towing hawser
C. is the dip in the towing hawser between
the tug and the tow
D. All of the above
KEY: D
[2198]The condition where a ship
on the end of a tow line is riding a wave crest at
the same time as its
tug rides a wave crest is
known as riding in ______.
A. synchronism
B. harmony
C. check
D. step
KEY: D
[2199]The distance that a vessel
travels from the time that the order to put
engines full astern until the
vessel is dead
in the water is known as ______.
A. advance
B. head reach
C. surge
D.
transfer
KEY: B
[2200]The effect known
as bank cushion acts in which of the following
ways on a single-screw vessel
proceeding along
a narrow channel?
A. It forces the bow away
from the bank.
B. It forces the stern away
from the bank.
C. It forces the entire
vessel away from the bank.
D. It heels the
vessel toward the bank.
KEY: A