药物英文说明书的写法-不良反应
新年诗句-实习单位鉴定评语
第七节 不良反应
不良反应这一项中包括药物的副作用、症状及体征、
毒性作用及耐受力、过敏反应、停
药等。现分述如下:
1.“不良反应”的常用的英语表示法有:
Adverse
Reaction(s)不良反应 Unwanted(Untoward) Reaction(s)不良反应
2“副作用”的常用的英语表示法有:
Side-
effect(s) 副作用 Unwanted(Undesirable) Effects 副作用
Side Reaction(s) 副作用 By-effects 副作用
3.常见的霉副反应的症状及体征的词语很多,但记住下列词语很有必要:
allergic
(hypersensitive,anaphylactic)reaction(s) 过敏反应
allergy(hypersensitivity) 过敏 dizzziness 眩晕
gastrointestinal tract 胃肠道 fever 发热
local reaction(s) 局部反应 flush 潮红
skin reaction(s)皮肤反应 headache 头痛
symptom(s)症状 nausea 恶心
systematic 全身的
pruritus 瘙痒
anorexia 厌食 rash 皮疹
blood count 白细胞计数 spasm 痉挛
blood
pressure 血压 thirst 口渴
coma 昏迷 tiredness
疲倦
diarrhea 腹泻 vomiting 呕吐
4.“霉性”、“耐受性”的英语表示法:
toxicity 毒性
tolerance(tolerability) 耐受力,耐药性
tolerate(toleration) 耐受
5.“停药”的英语表示法举例:
abandon 停药
discontinue(discontinuance,discontinuation)
停药,中断(治疗)
cease(cessation)(stop)停药(停止治疗)
don't use 勿使用(停药)
suspend 停药
terminate
停止,结束
withdraw(be withdrawn,withdrawal)停药
6.其他一些常见的基本词汇及短语:
acute 急性的 control(be
controlled)控制
chronic 慢性的
diminish(reduce,reduction)减少
common 常见的
disappear 消失
irreversible 不可逆的 encounter
遇到,见到
mild 轻微的 give rise to 产生
normal
正常的 include 包括
rare(ly)罕见的(地) lead to 导致
reverside 可逆的 manifest 表明,显示
severe 严重的
observe(be observed)(被)观察到
temporary 暂时的
produce 产生
transient 一过性的,短暂的 react to 对„„反应
appear(develop,happen,occur)出现(产生)
result from 由„„引起 be reported (被)报道
result in 导致 cause (be caused by) (由„„)引起
treat(treatment) 治疗
special
care(caution)should be exercised 特别小心(注意)
例1 Ciprofloxactin is generally well
tolerated. The most frequently reported adverse
reactions are: nausea, diarrhoea, vomiting,
dyspepsia, abdomina pain, headache, restlessness,
rash,
dizziness and pruritus.
环丙沙星一
般耐受良好。最常报道的副作用有:恶心、腹泻、呕吐、消化不良、腹痛、
头痛、不安、皮疹、头晕及瘙
痒。
例2 Side-effects are rare with slow-K, as
any excess potassium is rapidly excreted in the
urine.
施乐凯的副作用根罕见,因为任何过量的钾都迅速由尿排出。
例3 At the recommended dosage side-
effects e.g. venous irritation or hypersensitivity
reactions (cutaneous and mucous reactions) are
only observed in isolated cases.
用推荐剂量治疗时,仅见个别的静脉刺激或过敏反应(皮肤及粘膜反应)病例。
例4
When adverse reactions occur, they are usually
reversible and disappear when the
hormone is
discontinued.
当不良反应发生时,它们往往是可逆的,停用激素后副作用即消失。
例5 The
most serious side-effect is damage to the bone
marrow. Because of this, the white
blood cell
count should be controlled often enough druing the
treatment.
最严重的副作用是骨髓损害,因此在治疗期间,要经常监测白细胞计数。
例6
These unwanted effects usually disappear
spontaneously after 7-14 days or following a
temporary reduction in the dosage.
这些副作用通常在7-14日之后,或者暂时降低剂量便自行消失。
例7 With
high dosage continuous infusion (more than
200mgm2day) over 5 to 7 days, the
gastrointestinal complications are more
pronounced and can on occasion lead to ileus. All
side
effects are reversible after
cessation of therapy.
大剂量连续输注超过 5~7日(超过
200mg/m2/日),胃肠道并发症更为明显,偶尔
可导致肠梗阻。停药后副作用皆可逆转。
例 8 In some patients nausea,
dizziness,and vomiting may occur in the first days
of
treatment but the treatment need not be
discontinued for that. In rare cases a decrease of
blood
pressure may appear for which a blood
pressure check-up is recommended in out-patients
before
the treatment is initiated. If side-
effects persist, lower doses should be
administered.
服用本品的头几天,有些病人可能会出现恶心、头晕和呕
吐,但不必停药。偶有血压下
降的病例,为此,在治疗开始前建议对门诊患者检测血压。若副作用持续不
消失,应减少服
用剂量。
例9 Major adverse
reactions (much less common than the minor adverse
reactions) include
inhibition of myelopoiesis,
drug fever and hepatitis.
较重的不良反应(远不及轻度不良反应常见)包括抑制骨髓细胞生成,药物热及肝炎。
例10 Side-effects: Loss of appetite and nausea
occur in most cases, sometimes with vomiting.
These symptoms are usually confined to the
first few days of treatment and then tend to
disappear.
副作用:多数病例出现食欲减退、恶心,有时呕吐。这些症状通
常发生在治疗的最初几
天,以后逐渐消失。
allergic
[ə'lə:dʒik]
adj.
对…过敏的;对…极讨厌的
These include the risk of life
-threatening allergic reactions .
When I
realized that Emily had no symptoms , I suspected
she wasn't really allergic .
Emily told me
she was allergic to cats and needed a cat -free
bedroom , so I gave her
mine.
艾米丽告诉我她对猫过敏,需要一间没猫出入的卧室,因此我把我的房间让给了她。
这些还包括有生命危险的过敏反应。
当我知道艾米丽没有任何症状的时候,我怀疑她不是真的过敏。
hypersensitive
[,haipə'sensətiv]
adj. 过敏的;高灵敏度的;超感光度的
Some argue that
the absence of parasites is leading to
hypersensitive immune
systems .
有些理论认为少了寄生虫的寄生便导致了免疫系统的超敏反应。
This
explanation was readily understood by Melanie who
hypersensitive about all
matters relating to
childbirth .
媚兰对这样的解释是十分理解的,和生育有关的任何事情她都非常体谅。
When pain is unremitting , dramatic
changes follow: spinal cord neurons become
hypersensitive and start firing in response to
weak stimuli .
当疼痛持续不消时,会造成显著的变化:脊髓神经元变得极度敏感,
对微弱的刺激也产生放电反
应。
anaphylactic
[,ænəfi'lækti
adj. 过敏的;[医]
过敏性的;导致过敏的
Among which , 82cases had
anaphylactic shocks , which accounted for2.12%of
the
total.
所有病例中发生过敏性休克者82例,发生率为2.12%。
An allergic reaction is an overreaction of
the immune system , causing everything from
rashes to life -threatening anaphylactic shock
.
过敏反应是免疫系统的过度反应,会引发各种状况,包括疹子与有生命危险的过敏性休克。
Anaphylactic reactions are mediated by
antibodies that react against a foreign antigen,
while anaphylactoid reactions are not immune
mediated (2 ).
过敏反应由对抗异物的抗体所介导,而类过敏性反应并非免疫介导[2]。