基于plc的多层停车场的研究与设计—中英文翻译资料 大学论文
北大自主招生-英语三级成绩查询入口
PLC-based control of multi-storey parking
study and design
1、Overview of parking
The
application of parking facilities for over 30
years history of the older, better Japan, South
Korea, Taiwan, Germany, is well known, China's
economy has experienced 30 years of rapid
growth, the quality of public life increasing
demands,
level. Subsequent transport situation
is tense, Japan and Canada, which includes both
dynamic and
static. As the city high-rise
buildings built by the level of housing reform,
like parking shift from
three-dimensional
surface parking, parking in a static traffic in
the already occupied an
increasingly important
position. Underground parking garage, compared
with the traditional, in
many ways is the
first section shows the superiority of the
advantages of the past, underground
garage
vehicular access due Leave generous, the average
car would occupy 40 square meters of
area, If
using double-parking garage, the ground can
increase the utilization rate of 80% -90%, if
the use of multi-floor (21 floor) Three-
dimensional garage, then the land area of 50
square meters
will be placed on the 40
vehicles that can to save land resources and
reduce the cost of civil
engineering
development. For example, the Indonesian Embassy
in Beijing did not build
multi-storey parking
before the plane can only put five cars are now
built three-dimensional lifting
and after
class garage can park 13 cars, the basic
requirements to meet the Embassy . It is
generally considered good prospects for
parking equipment industry and has been hailed as
the
21st century, one of the most popular
industry.
2、Lifting and transferring the
concept garage
Parking equipment has provided
a total of 9 categories: lifting and class (PSH),
simple lifting
class (PJS), vertical lifting
type (PCS), the vertical circulation category
(PCX), flat mobile class
(PPY), tunnel reactor
stack class (PXD), multi-cycle class (PDX), the
level of circulating type
(PSX), vehicle lift
(PQS), there are dozens of specifications, can be
applied to a different space,
site conditions,
is a high security , high reliability, high
efficiency of automation equipment.
Especially
in these types of lifting and 9 classes (PSH)
parking most widely used. Used to set the
rising and falling or sliding vehicle access
to vehicles, parking garage equipment category
called
lifting and garage. Lifting and
transferring garage modular design, each unit can
be designed as
two, three, four, five, half-
underground, and other means, the number of
parking spaces from a
few to hundreds. As the
lifting and transferring the pattern classes more
parking, vary in size,
strong adaptability to
the site, therefore, use of such equipment is
common parking garage. Its
working principle
is: Each car parking spaces are presented board,
set the required access to the
vehicle by
vehicle plate upward and downward, sliding
movement to reach the ground floor, the
driver
entered the garage, access to vehicles, complete
the access process. The upper or lower
parking spaces need to traverse the
space through the middle layer, will contain the
vehicle plate
up or down to ground level, the
pilot before entering the garage or out a car into
the garage. Figure
1 is lifting and parking
equipment, engineering example class diagram.
Figure 1 PSH-based three-tier
parking equipment lifting and transferring class
diagram
3、three lifting and transferring
parking system
Lifting and transferring
parking garage is a typical cross-disciplinary
integration of mechanical
and electrical
products, mechanical assembly, electronics,
information technology in one. Lifting
and
transferring parking mainly by the steel parts,
car panels containing part, the transmission
system, control system, security system, five
components, shown in Figure 2. Three mechanical
parking equipment is lifting and machinery of
a type of parking equipment, this type of garage
equipment in the middle of each layer, the
ground floor are to remain free parking, ground
floor
only do sliding movement on the ground
while doing Traversing the second floor done-and-
down
movement, the ground layer only do
Movement. Run-time, ground floor direct access to
cars; on
the floor the second floor access
vehicles, need to correspond through the ground
floor containing
the car sliding to the space
station, the lift reached the ground floor to
achieve; the ground three
car access is
required the second floor by floor, the ground
floor of loading corresponding to the
space
station after traversing the same time, lift
reaches the ground layer. The movement of
general principles: down reset, translation is
not reset. Parking parking required by the user
specification and design, automatic and manual
operation mode of two points, can be switched on
and off during normal operation in the garage
to use automated means, in equipment maintenance
and debugging can be used manually. Both
automatic and manually controlled by PLC
programmable controller, so devices can
guarantee the safe operation of any manner.
Equipment
There are several safety devices to
ensure safety of people and vehicles, such as
anti-fall safety
devices, limit and
prevent excessive volume device, Automatic power-
off braking device, the
wrong break phase
protection.
3.1 The main frame part
Actual
projects: Beijing Indonesia Embassy lifting and
transferring class parking, equipment
overall
structure simple, generous, give people
lightweight sprightly feeling. Main steel
structure
uses H steel, channel steel, plate
welding molding, use bolt connected framework
struture strength
and stiffness. Order steel
part appearance beautiful and anti corrosion,
antirust ability, steel some
painting before
adopted mechanical derusting processing so parking
equipment overall surface
protective level
reached higher grade. In addition, the second set
of equipment can be assembled
and combined,
can be installed to ensure reliable quality,
favorable transport and reducing on-site
installation time.
3.2 Car plates
containing
Set car plates are used to carry
inventory of vehicles. Set car plates from the
δ2.3mm of
galvanized sheet bending forming,
around edge girder δ4.5mm of galvanized sheet
bending
forming. Edge beam and set vehicles
with no plate bolt connection, set car plates to
ensure rigidity
and strength. Resistance of
loading plate with vehicle and stopper.
3.3
Drive System
Parking equipment drive system
uses chain or rope traction drive transmission.
The car
parking facilities containing the
upper plate by the lift motor gear driven by a
chain-driven roller,
then roll through the
rope-driven movements of loading plate. Two-story
frame structure with
sliding, respectively,
each sliding frame with lifting and sliding the
two motors, both frame by
sliding the track
traverse motor can also be set through the lifting
motor vehicles to reach the
rising and falling
ground level, achieving access to cars. The
transmission mode compared with
other methods,
has run a smooth, safe and reliable maintenance
and convenient, while its
environmental
performance is also superior to the other drive.
The lower plate by a motor vehicle
containing
reducer to walk through the chain drive wheel
drive along the traverse track movement.
Drive
motor assembly gear reducer, motor and brake as a
whole, small size, light weight, low
noise,
using long-term grease, stable and reliable
performance, long life, long-term
maintenance-
free, quality superior.
Figure 2 PSH-based three-tier parking
equipment lifting and transferring the major part
of class
3.4 Control System
Control, the
main control object is sliding down a small motor
and large motor vehicles to
make them
according to the requirements of access to use
button operation, to achieve power by
changing
the phase sequence of loading platform to achieve
the right and left or up and down.
Second, to
control various auxiliary devices within the
garage, such as: light and its various
security facilities. To ensure the board can
traverse and set cars up or down to the specified
location, using a limit switch positioning. To
determine whether the board of loading vehicles,
using optical switches. General small garage
can use button operations can also use touch
screen
operation. All input and output
switching capacity of lifting and transferring
garage circuit is
simple, less demanding on
the environment, with its anti-interference
ability of PLC and isolation
transformers can
meet the requirements, it may no longer have an
additional anti-interference
measures in other
so that the exact garage system can orderly work.
Core part of the control system PLC control
(PLC), has strong anti-interference, strong
stability,
system reliability, modularity and
other structural features. The control system is
the set of
mechanical parking control system
applicable in the area. The control system detects
a device with
high sensitivity and accuracy
and reliability of work and feedback in a timely
manner.
Contactor output unit is sensitive,
reliable, advanced technology, easy maintenance,
overload and
short circuit protection complete
links.
The control system of the host PLC,
contactors, circuit breakers, trip switches,
buttons,
photoelectric switches and other key
components, using the Japanese Fuji, Mitsubishi,
LG and
other imported electronic components.
3.5 Operating system
Operating manual for
the button box, or touch screen operation. Usually
mechanical parking
spaces on both fixed
number, the deposit
Take vehicles, a layer of
vehicle operation without the need for control
box, drivers can be entered
directly into the
vehicle or out of loading platform, to access the
vehicle's purpose; three-in access
to
vehicles, first of all, the operator select the
number of parking spaces, After confirmation,
press
the corresponding buttons, start the
corresponding transmission, PLC program can
automatically
make the selected audience of
loading the corresponding three-layer, layer
(ground floor and out
of cars), and first to
the left or to the the right move to stay out of
space, and then three-set car
plate fell to
the ground through the transmission layer, so as
to achieve the purpose of access to
vehicles.
Similarly, the second floor in the access to
vehicles, first select the same number of
parking spaces, confirmation, and then press
the appropriate buttons to start the corresponding
transmission, PLC program can automatically
select the second floor of the car plate
containing a
layer under the corresponding
(ground floor and out of cars), first to the left
or right to stay out of
space, and then the
second floor of loading plate through the
transmission fell to the ground floor,
so as
to achieve the purpose of access to vehicles.
Deposit car or pick up the car after pressing the
confirm button, car automatic reset, wait for
the next operation command. Need manual operation,
can be combined into a manual button to move
the operation, that is, hold down the button and
equipment operation, release the button device
to stop, step by step operation is complete access
to
vehicles. Interface shown in Figure 3.
Figure 3 user interface
3.6
Safety System
With power, phase, phase and
phase sequence protection; time delay; anti-
people, foreign body
mistakenly entered the
infrared detection devices; vehicle location;
prevent the fall of loading
plate device;
emergency stop devices.
4、 Conclusion and
Outlook
A programmable controller as lifting
and transferring control of the garage the core
unit, which
is taken into account a variety of
objective factors of the case put forward.
Programmable
controller with its good
control performance, small size, powerful, short
development cycle and
the characteristics of
strong anti-interference, is widely used in the
garage of the control system.
Centralized
parking many advanced modern technology, high-tech
garage, which lifting and
transferring
convenient parking garage, access speed, garage
flexible structure, low cost, has
become in
the future parking the main form of development.
If the PC-PC as the control system,
through
flexible, friendly interface to Internet as an
information channel can be realized on the
parking garage remote network control and
management.
基于PLC的多层停车场的研究与设计
1、立体停车库发展概况
立体停车库设备的应用已有30多年的历史了发展较早、较好的有日
本、韩国、
台湾省、德国等众所周知,我国经济在经历了近30年的高速增长之后,大众对
生活
质量的要求日益提高,“衣食住行”中的“行”提高到一个新的高度。随之
而来的交通方面的情况也日加
紧张,而这包含了动态与静态两个方面。如同城市
中由平房改建成高楼大厦一样,停车也从平面转向立体
化停放,立体停车在静态
交通中已经占有越来越重要的地位。立体停车库与传统的地下车库相比,在许多
方面都显示出优越性首先是节地优势,以往的地下车库由于要留出足够的行车通
道,平均一辆车
就要占据40平方米的面积,而如果采用双层立体停车库,可使
地面的使用率提高80%—90%,如果
采用地上多层(21层)立体式车库的话,
50平方米的土地面积上便可存放40辆车,可以节省土地资
源和减少土建开发成
本。例如北京印度尼西亚驻华大使馆未建多层立体停车库前平面只能放五辆车,现建成三层立体升降横移类停车库后,能停放13辆车,基本能满足驻华大使馆
要求。人们普遍认为
停车设备行业发展前景良好,并已被誉为21世纪最热门的
行业之一。
2、升降横移式立体停车库概念
立体停车设备目前已提供的共有9大类:升降横移类(PSH
)、简易升降类
(PJS)、垂直升降类(PCS)、垂直循环类(PCX)、平面移动类(PPY)、
巷道堆
垛类(PXD)、多层循环类(PDX)、水平循环类(PSX)、汽车升降机(PQS),又有几十种规格,可以适用于不同的空间、场地条件,是一种具有高安全性,高
可靠性、高效率的自
动化成套设备。在以上9种类型尤以升降横移类(PSH)立
体停车库应用最为广泛。采用以载车板升降
或横移存取车辆的立体停车设备的停
车库叫做升降横移类停车库。升降横移式立体停车库采用模块化设计
,每单元可
设计成两层、三层、四层、五层、半地下等多种形式,车位数从几个到上百个。
由于
升降横移类立体停车库的型式比较多,规模可大可小,对场地的适应性较强,
因此,采用这类设备的停车
库十分普遍。其工作原理为:每个车位均有载车板,
所需存取车辆的载车板通过升、降、横移运动到达地
面层,驾驶员进入车库,存
取车辆,完成存取过程。上层车位或下层车位需通过中间层横移出空位,将载
车
板升或降到地面层,驾驶员才可进入车库内将汽车开进或开出车库。图1是升降
横移类停车设
备的工程实例示意图。
图1 PSH型三层升降横移类停车设备示意图
3、三层升降横移式立体停车库系统设计
升降横移式立体停车库是一种比较典型的跨学科机电一体化产品,集机械、
电子、信息技术于一
体。升降横移式立体停车库主要由钢结构部分、载车板部分、
传动系统、控制系统、安全防护系统5部分
组成,如图2所示。三层机械停车设
备是升降横移类机械式停车设备的一个类型,此类型车库每组设备的
中间层、地
面层都留有空车位,地面层只做横移运动,地上二层既做横移运动又做升降运动,
地
上三层只做升降运动。运行时,地面层可直接存取车;地上二层存取车,需通
过地面层相对应的载车台横
移让出空位后,升降到达地面层实现;地上三层存取
车时,需通过地上二层、地面层相对应的载车台同时
横移让出空位后,升降到达
地面层实现。其运动的总原则是:升降复位,平移不复位。立体停车库按用户
所
要求的停车规格设计,运行方式分自动和手动两种,可通过开关切换,在车库正
常运行时使用
自动方式,在设备维修和调试时可使用手动方式。自动方式和手动
方式均采用PLC可编程控制器控制,
因此可保证设备在任何方式下的安全运行。
设备有多种安全装置可确保人车安全,如安全防坠装置,限位
及防过卷装置,断
电自动刹车制动装置,错断相保护等。
3.1主框架部分
实际工
程项目:北京印度尼西亚驻华大使馆升降横移类立体停车库,设备整
体结构简洁、大方,给人以轻巧、明
快的感觉。主体钢架结构采用H型钢、槽
钢、钢板焊接成型,用高强度螺栓连接成框架结构,具有较好的
强度和刚度。为
了使钢架部分的外观美观以及具有抗腐蚀、防锈能力,对钢结构部分喷漆之前采
用了机械除锈处理,使停车设备整体表面防护水平达到了较高的档次。另外,整
套设备可进行二次拼装和
组合,能可靠保证安装质量,有利于运输和缩短现场安
装时间。
3.2载车板
载车板是用来承载库存车辆的。载车板由δ2.3mm的镀锌板压弯成型,左右
边梁采用δ4.
5mm的镀锌板折弯成型。边梁用高强度螺栓和载车不板联接,以保
证载车板的刚度和强度。载车板设有
阻车与限位装置。
3.3驱动系统
停车设备的驱动系统采用链条传动或钢丝绳曳引传动。该
停车设备上层载车
板由升降电机减速机通过链条驱动带动卷筒,再由卷筒通过钢丝绳驱动载车板升
降。二层采用横移框架结构,每个横移框架分别装有升降和横移两个电机,既框
架结构通过横移电机可
在轨道上横移,同时也可通过升降电机驱动载车板升降到
达地面层,实现存取车。上述传动方式与其它方
式比较,具有运行平稳,安全可
靠,养护方便等特点,另外,它的环保性能也优于其它传动方式。下层载
车板由
电机减速机通过链传动驱动行走轮沿横移轨道运动。驱动系统电机减速机集减速
机、电动
机和制动器为一体,体积小、重量轻、噪音低,采用长效润滑脂,性能
稳定可靠,使用寿命长,长期免维
护,质量优势明显。
图2
PSH型三层升降横移类停车设备主要组成部分
3.4控制系统
控制系统的主要
控制对象是横移小电机和升降大电机,使它们根据存取车的
要求利用按钮操作,以达到通过改变电源相序
实现载车台的左右或上下移动。其
次是控制车库内的各种辅助装置,如:指示灯及其各种安全设施等。为
了保证载
车板能横移和上升或下降到指定位置,采用了行程开关定位。为了判断载车板上
有无车
辆,采用了光电开关。一般小型车库选用按钮操作即可,亦可采用触摸屏
操作。全是开关量输入输出的升
降横移式立体停车库电路简单、对环境要求不高,
凭可编程控制器本身的抗干扰能力和隔离变压器就能满
足要求,因此可不必再另
外增加其它抗干扰措施,使车库系统能有条不紊的准确工作。
控制系统核心部分采用可编程控制器(PLC),具有抗干扰性强、稳定性强、
系统可靠、结构
模块化等特点。该套控制系统是目前机械车库领域中适用的控制
系统。该控制系统检测装置灵敏度高、工
作准确可靠,反馈及时。
接触器输出单元动作灵敏、可靠、技术先进、维护简便,过载及短路等保护<
br>环节齐全。这套控制系统的PLC主机、接触器、断路器、行程开关、按钮、光电
开关等关键部件
,采用日本富士、日本三菱、韩国LG等进口电子元器件。
3.5操作系统
操作系统为按钮
箱人工操作或触摸屏操作。通常机械立体停车库上的车位都
有固定编号,在存取车辆时,一层车辆无需通
过操作箱操作,司机可直接将车辆
开进或开出载车台,达到存取车辆的目的;三层在存取车辆时,首先,
操作人员
选取车位号,确认无误后,按下相应操作按钮,启动相应传动机构,PLC程序能
自动
使所选取的三层载车台下对应的二层、一层(进出车地面层),同时先要向
左或向右移动留出空位,然后
三层载车板通过传动机构下降到地面层,从而达到
存取车辆的目的。同理,二层在存取车辆时,同样先选
取车位号,确认无误后,
按下相应操作按钮,启动相应传动机构,PLC程序能自动使所选取的二层载车
板
下对应的一层(进出车地面层),先要向左或向右移动留出空位,然后二层载车
板通过传动机
构下降到地面层,从而达到存取车辆的目的。存车或取车完毕后按
下确认按钮,车台自动复位,等待下一
次操作指令。在需要手动操作时,可通过
按钮组合转化为手动点动操作,即按住按钮设备运行,松开按钮
设备停止,分步
操作完成存取车辆。操作界面如图3所示。
图3操作界面
3.6安全系统
设有断电、缺相、断相和相序保护;延时保护;防人、异物误
闯入红外
线检测装置;车辆定位;防止载车板坠落装置;紧急停止装置等。
4、结论与展望
以可编程控制器作为升降横移式立体停车库的控制核心单元,是综合考
虑了各种客观影响因素的情况下提出的。可编程控制器以其控制性能良好、
体积小、功能强大、开发周
期短和抗干扰强等特点,被广泛的应用在车库
的控制系统中。立体停车库集中了现代多方面的先进技术,
是科技含量较
高的车库,其中升降横移式立体停车库的停车方便、存取速度快、车库结
构灵活、
造价低的特点,成为今后停车库发展的主要形式。如果PC机作为
控制系统的上位机,通过灵活、友好的
人机界面,以互联网作为信息通道,
可实现对停车库的远程网络化控制和管理。