四大名山-洪水灾害

这是剑7 TEST 3
As most people spend a major part of their adult life at work, job
satisfaction is an important element of individual wellbeing.
What factors contribute to job satisfaction?
How realistic is the expectation of job satisfaction for all workers?
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your
own knowledge or experience.
Nowadays many adults have full- time jobs and the proportion of their lives
spent doing such jobs is very high. So feelings about one’s job must
reflect how an individual feels about his or her life as a whole, and
because of this, job satisfaction is indeed very important for the
wellbeing of that person.
Employees get job satisfaction in a number of ways. Firstly, a person needs
to feel that they are doing valued and valuable work, so positive feedback
from superior is very important in his respect. A sense of fulfillment
is also encouraged if a worker feels the job is worth doing because it
contributes to the society or the economy as a whole. Secondly, when
someone feels they are improving or developing their skills through
training opportunities, for example, then there is a sense of progress
and purpose that rewards a worker. The sense of belonging to a team or
a working community also contributes to job satisfaction because
colleagues help each other to enjoy their working lives. Satisfaction is
also increased by a sense of responsibility for the loyal to a team.
Of course not everyone enjoys their work. Hard economic realities mean
that many people have little choice in the kind of job they can get. In
some cases an employee is working in a job that suits neither their skills
nor their personality. Some jobs are repetitive and boring, and labour
relations may be poor and lead to resentment and insecurity rather than
to job satisfaction.
However, even though it is unlikely that all workers do feel happy in their
work, I think it is not unrealistic to promote more job satisfaction in
any job. If the factors identified above implemented, then any job can
be improved and more workers can feel greater degrees of job satisfaction
试题
As most people spend a major part of their adult life at work, job
satisfaction is an important element of individual wellbeing.
What factors contribute to job satisfaction?
How realistic is the expectation of job satisfaction for all workers?
看到这个题目就知道考试想让我们分析一种现象，谈谈看法，不是通常意义上的对有争议性问题的讨论。最后一句“对所有工人而言，工作满意度的期望具有多
大实际意义？”，h ow old, how often, how long中的how做adv，表示“多大
程度”，后面接adj, adv。
第一段

Nowadays many adults have full-time jobs and the proportion of their lives
spent doing such jobs is very high.
中规中矩的开头，介绍背景
their lives spent doing such jobs, spent过去分词修饰lives, 正常语序
为spend their lives doing such jobs. 众所周知，动名词的词性为名词，而
过去分词或现在分词词性为形容词，切记
The proportion of timemoney spent doing a thing is highsmall. 可以
常用来表示时间、金钱或精力在某事上的消耗程度，如 The proportion of our
spare time spent surfing on the Internet is very high。
So feelings about one’s job must reflect how an individual feels about
his or her life as a whole,
一句表达因果关系中的结果，so+结果，其中so 为 conj, adv， 此处为adv, 若
为conj, so 前面则为逗号。
Must 表示“必定”，表推断，很多情态动词都有这种用法，can 可能， cannot
不可能， must 必定
His or her life指代前面an individual 用了his or her，这是表示两性平
等，是一种政治正确（political correctness）的表现，同样的还有 he or she
and because of this, job satisfaction is indeed very important for the
wellbeing of that person.
Because of this 指代因果关系中的原因，this 指代前面那句话
Wellbing well- being [u] 表示幸福，健康的一种状态，这个词经常用到，类
似的还有welfare [u], 也是表示幸福，健康的一种状态
第二段
Employees get job satisfaction in a number of ways.
典型的主旨句，in a number of ways 提示下面将详细描述。
Firstly, a person needs to feel that they are doing valued and valuable
work, so positive feedback from superiors is very important in his
respect.
firstly 引导时间顺序或逻辑顺序的副词，根本就不存在同学们所说的“模板
词”
so+结果，这里so是副词
Superior [c] 上级subordinate [c] 下级 employer [c] 老板 employee [c]
员工
in his respect, in respect of sth 表某个方面，其中respect [c] 方面；
类似的还有 in terms of sth

A sense of fulfillment is also encouraged if a worker feels the job is
worth doing because it contributes to the society or the economy as a
whole.
还是因果关系，because [conj], 引导原因状语从句
A sense of fulfillment 成就感，类似的有a sense of humour 幽默感a sense
of justice 正义感a sense of direction 方向感
好好品味一下作者用词造句多样化的能力

Need to feel, feel感到，谓语动词； a sense of fulfillment, sense 感觉，
名词作主语
Valued and valuable work; the job is worth doing
Secondly, when someone feels they are improving or developing their skills
through training opportunities, for example, then there is a sense of
progress and purpose that rewards a worker.
Secondly, 接第二个方面的理由
When [conj], 此处明表时间，实际表原因，a sense of progress 进步感 a sense
of purpose 目的性
They are improving or developing their skills 作者运用现在进行时 态增
加了时态多样性，说明一点，很多情况下，一个句子可以从用多种时态都没有错，
只是表意 上有略微差别，如此处改为 they improve or develop their skills 也
对
There be 表存在一种物体或现象，英语中应用广泛
The sense of belonging to a team or a working community also contributes
to job satisfaction because colleagues help each other to enjoy their
working lives. Satisfaction is also increased by a sense of responsibility
for and the loyal to a team.
用两个also, also来说明了第三，四条道理，the sense of belonging 归属感，
a sense of responsibility 责任感
体会句型多样性
Sth contributes to job satisfaction
Satisfaction is increased by sth
第三段
Of course not everyone enjoys their work.
主旨句，“并非每个人都喜欢他么的工作”
Of course 这种成分称为 句子附加状语，也有人叫做评注性状语，表明作者的评
价和态度，这种成分很重要，如常见的 personally, certainly, perhaps,
fortunately等等， 范文出现很多此类成分，我会一一点明，这个肯定用得到，
而且一学就会，特别提醒
Not everyone, 部分否定，语法题必考内容， All is not gold that glitters,
闪光的并非都是金子，莎士比亚的这句名言是部分否定的经典示例，又如网络名< br>言“有翅膀的并非都是天使，也可能是鸟人”，也可作为部分否定的范例
Hard economic realities mean that many people have little choice in the
kind of job they can get.
Mean 意味着，其实可视为表达结果，如改为“Hard economic realities lead to
the fact that”
hard economic realities, economic downtown (crisis, tsunami) 在现在 的
全球经济状况下，这些词想必大家不会陌生，虽然CCTV天天唱“风景这边独好”
也改变不 了现实的残酷。
In some cases an employee is working in a job that suits neither their
skills nor their personality. Some jobs are repetitive and boring, and
labour relations may be poor and lead to resentment and insecurity rather
than to job satisfaction.

In some cases 举例说明内因（skill, personality）外因 （工作性质和工作
环境）
an employee; their skills, their personality. 单数的an employee 怎么
变成复数的 their？这也是政治正确的表现，有些人认为这种用法不规范，坚持
用 her or his，看来雅思认可了这种用法
Some jobs are repetitive and boring, 如指人：typist (打字员)，cashier
(收银员)，office worker (办公室文员)，大家记住几个，以后好举例
Rather than [conj], 而不是，类似的instead of [prep]
第四段
However, even though it is unlikely that all workers do feel happy in their
work, I think it is not unrealistic to promote more job satisfaction in
any job.
However [adv], 逻辑副词，表转折，此处表段落之间的意思转折
看看主从句之间对于关系 unlikely对应 not unrealistic; feel happy 对应
promote more job satisfaction, in their work 对应 in any job
If the factors identified above are implemented, then any job can be
improved and more workers can feel greater degrees of job satisfaction.
这句很巧妙，if条件句中一个factor对应了题目的第一问（影响因素），主句
中an job can be improved and more workers can feel greater degrees of
指出具有现实意义，问答了第二问（how realistic）
还原作者写作流程
审题：
job satisfaction 好抽象啊，俺从来没想过，factors影响因素，这个好说，
到时候一 二三四就行了，再继续看，How realistic is the expectation of job
satisfaction for all workers? 呵呵，卡壳了，想想，得分两步走，首先说明
job satisfaction of all workers 所有工人工作满意度的状况，再来回答 how
realistic is the expectation of
框架
第一段：从介绍背景入手，点出job satisfaction很重要
第二段：影响因素：第一点firstly开头，a sense of fulfillment 满足感来
源于因为工作有价值(valued and valuable work)，所以上司表扬；由于工作对
社会或经济有利，所以觉得工作有价值(the job is worth is worth doing)。
工作有价值一个是上司表扬的原因，同时又是对社会或 经济有利的结果，真是有
点绕了。第二点 secondly 开头， a sense of progress and purpose 进步感
和达到目的的感觉。第三点also作标志，the sense of belonging 归属感。第
四点 also 作标志，a sense of responsibility 责任感和loyalty 忠诚
第三段：介绍所有工人的satisfaction 状况，举例in some cases说明内因
（skill, personality）外因 （工作性质 boring and repetitive和工作环境
labour relations）使satisfaction不高
第四段：以however作转折，even though承上， I think 启下，表明自己立
场, 回到 how realistic 的问题，这个I think很重要，作为表明作者态度的
标志性词，类似的还有in my opinion, personally, my view is that等等. 文
章最后一句将factors 和how realistic联系起来。
遣词造句：

大作文主体就是讲道理，讲道理其实也就是因果关系（cause and effect）,文
章展示了丰富的句式 so+结果； because of this 替代上句的原因； because+
原因； by+原因；mean+结果； lead to+结
如果是我？
作者太有才了，满足感、进步感、归属感和责任感，从哪儿整出来这么多名词，< br>大哥简直是个哲学家。要问我job satisfaction，我就会果断的说，没有，工
作 就是一个谋生的手段，凑合着活着。这个题要写，这么多感我都转不过弯来。
要么我就这么写，工作性质 影响我的满足感（适合就是最好的吗？）；工作回报
影响我的满足感（我很差钱啊？）；工作环境影响我 的满足感（勾心斗角谁喜欢
啊）；工作发展影响我的满足感（没前途，没进步能快乐吗）。写上四条就够 了
吧。
谈中年危机

看完这篇范文，想起了一个词：中年危机（midlife crisis）,指人到了中年事
业上小有成就，经济上也比较稳定了，但是事业发展会停滞不前，甚至开始走下
坡路，因此工作满意度（ job satisfaction）也开始下降了。但记得以前从《哈
佛商业评论》看到一篇谈论管理 人员（executives）的中年危机，文章指出，中
年不应成为危机，而应当成为中年机遇（mi dlife opportunity）, 他说，人在
中年以前，人的进步是基于缺乏性能动（deficiency motivation）, 即年轻时什
么都缺，要钱置房、购车、安家，职业上经验不足，缺乏人脉等等，所以人必须
进步 来获取这些东西。而中年以后，这些都有一定基础了，人就可以摆脱以往的
束缚，倾听你自己的内心追求 ，实现人生的完整，他给起了个新名词叫成长能动
（growth motivation）。
这两天网上浏览新闻，听说谷歌中国总裁李开复先生离开谷歌，自己去创业了，
我想这应当就是基于成 长能动（growth motivation）吧，开复先生自己的解释
是“想用自己的主动性做一个 掌控全局的工作。我已经到了这个人生阶段，再不
去做，我真的很怕来不及了”，一个美籍华人，成为一 名语音识别方面的世界权
威，曾在苹果、微软和谷歌等世界顶级公司任高管，业余时间投身教育公益事业 ，
几封《给中国学生的信》使其成为青年学子的精神偶像，该有的都有了，但48
岁的他没有将 中年看成危机，而是为了不给生命留下遗憾，去创业，活生生的向
我们解释了成长能动（growth motivation）的含义。
这时剑4 TEST2,因为与剑7那篇均谈到happiness 和satisfaction，
所以放在一起谈

Happiness is considered very important in life.
Why is it difficult to define?
What factors are important in achieving happiness?
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your
own knowledge or experience.
Happiness is very difficult to define, because it means so many different
things to different people. While some people link happiness to wealth
and material success, others think it lies in emotions and loving personal
relationships. Yet others think that spiritual paths, rather than either

the material world or relationships with people, are the only way to true
happiness.
Because people interpret happiness for themselves in so many different
ways, it is difficult to give any definition that is true for everyone.
However, if there are different kinds of happiness for different
individuals that the first step in achieving it would be to have a degree
of self- knowledge. A person needs to know who he or she is before being
able to know what it is that makes him or her happy.
Of course, factors such as loving relationships, good health, the skills
to earn a living and a peaceful environment all contribute to our happiness
too. But this does not mean that people without these conditions cannot
be happy.
Overall, I think an ability to keep clear perspective in life is a more
essential factor in achieving happiness. By that I mean an ability to have
a clear sense of what is important in our lives (the welfare of our families,
the quality of our relationships, making other people happy, etc.) and
what is not (a problem at work, getting annoyed about trivial things,
etc.).
Like self-awareness, this is also very difficult to achieve, but I think
these are the two factors that may be most important for achieving
happiness.
第一段
Happiness is very difficult to define, because it means so many different
things to different people.
开门见山，一个because从句回答了第一个问题“Why is it difficult to
define?”,mean 对应define
While some people link happiness to wealth and material success, others
think it lies in emotions and loving personal relationships.
While 作连词，引导状语从句，主要表时间、对照和让步三种，此处为对照，含
义为“而”
体会句型多样性
Link happiness to sth; happiness lies in sth
Wealth and material 物质的； emotions and loving personal relationships
情感
Yet others think that spiritual paths, rather than either the material
world or relationships with people, are the only way to true happiness.
一个yet, 明表转折，实则为递进，把上面提的两点视为世俗的（material world
物质的；relationships with people）和精神的（the spiritual paths）,关
系还挺复杂的
句型多变，
link happiness to sth, happiness lies in sth 变为sth is the way to
happiness；
while+从句 表对照换成 rather than
遣词造句能力之高，只能滔滔江水般的敬仰了

第二段
Because people interpret happiness for themselves in so many different
ways, it is difficult to give any definition that is true for everyone.
同义表达上段中的主旨第一句，
Because it means „ 换成 because people interpret „
Happiness is difficult to define 换成 it is difficult to give any
definition„
起到连接上段的作用，不过对语言基本功要求蛮高的
However, if there are different kinds of happiness for different
individuals that the first step in achieving it would be to have a degree
of self- knowledge.
However 转折，指出该段的主旨句， 回到题目第二问‘what factors’, first
step是自知之明（self-knowledge）
If 从句明表条件，是为因果
A person needs to know who he or she is before being able to know what
it is that makes him or her happy.
进一步说明什么是self- knowledge, 就是幸福对他代表什么（如金钱，美女，
权利等等）
第三段
Of course, factors such as loving relationships, good health, the skills
to earn a living and a peaceful environment all contribute to our happiness
too.
一个factors 把第一段的幸福含义又 搬出来了，其实幸福定义在很多程度上和
幸福影响因素是一码事，比如我认为有钱就幸福，那么金钱就是 幸福的影响因素。
爱 loving relationships 健康good health 谋生能力the skills to earn a
living 平和环境 a peaceful environment 四个因素没有严格的分类
影响因素+ contribute to + 影响结果，这个句型很重要，如The IELTS score
contributes to my application 雅思分数影响我的申请，想必大家能共鸣吧。
But this does not mean that people without these conditions cannot be
happy.
这句有哲理，我就想不出来，健康等是幸福的既非充分又非必要条件
Cannot 必须这要写，can not是错误的，切记
第四段
Overall, I think an ability to keep clear perspective in life is a more
essential factor in achieving happiness.
essential factor继上一个first step之后，粉墨登场了。提醒一下，英文按
逻辑重要性，是把最 重要的放在最后，中文中叫“压轴戏”
overall 评注性句子状语，大家还有印象吧
perspective [c] 观点，看法 view, opinion 这个词很常用，也有点高级，记
住它
By that I mean an ability to have a clear sense of what is important in
our lives (the welfare of our families, the quality of our relationships,
making other people happy, etc.) and what is not (a problem at work,
getting annoyed about trivial things, etc.).

继续解释perspective, by that 把上下句联系起来，that 指代上句。
Welfare wellbeing [u] 幸福
etc. 等等，拉丁文， 记住末尾那个点别给弄没了，近义词 and so on
第五段
Like self-awareness, this is also very difficult to achieve, but I think
these are the two factors that may be most important for achieving
happiness
这种写法叫做先抑后扬
Self- awareness对应 self-knowledge
Two factors 对应self- knowledge 或 clear perspective
还原作者写作流程
审题
先看第一问‘why is it very difficult to define?’这好说，幸福难定义吗，
就是一个人一个答案；再看下文‘what factors are important in achieving
happiness?’转换成‘how can you achieve happiness?’就好理解了，至于到
个人如何获得幸福，首 先得有自知之名，最重要的是你怎么看待幸福，记得《读
者》上有一句话：“认为自己最幸福的人，他就 是幸福的人；认为自己最聪明的
人，其实是最愚蠢的人。”（这句有点扯了，老外应该不看《读者》）
框架
第一段：开门见山，第一段就是“happiness is very difficult to define,
because„”,连背景都不介绍了，“Everyone, who spares nothing to pursue
his or her own happy life, has yet to reach the consensus over the
definition of happiness.”也省去了，省得考官说我是模版。总分模式介绍 为
什么答案各异，幸福含义分为世俗（secular world）和精神的（spiritual world）；
有将世俗的分为物质的(material)和人际关系的(relationship s)
第二段：指出how to achieve happiness 第一步first step是self-knowledge。
与上段如何过渡得好好考虑考虑，那就说幸福对每个人而言 是不同的，但单就某
个人而言，他要获取幸福，就首先得有自知之明，然后再解释为什么需要自知之明。
第三段：我还打算谈获取信服最重要的是如何看待人生，这是个压箱底的好货，
我得 先卖个关子，那么这段就谈那些常见的影响幸福的因素是其中是既非充分又
非必要条件。
第四段：关子买完了，那就“图穷匕首现”了，本段总分格式，overall 总体说
来，如 何看待人生才是获取幸福的关键。然后解释，分清楚对你来说重要和不重
要就可以了。
第五段：总结一下，自知之明和如何看待人生是获取幸福的法宝。
遣词造句
文中表达幸福的影响因素可够丰富的，整理一下说不定哪天能用上
Wealth and material success
Emotions and loving personal relationships
Spiritual path
Material world
Relationship with people
Self- knowledge

Loving relationships
Good health
The skills to earn to a living
A peaceful environment
Clear perspective
The welfare of our family
The quality of our relationships
Making other people happy
A problem at work
Getting annoyed about trivial things
如果是我？
这个题目，幸福为啥难定义什么？怎样获得幸福（题目原来意思为 “获取幸福组
重要的因素有哪些”）第一问好说，第二问，想了想，忽然想起当今社会伟大而
无 名的哲学家大漠炊烟了了（也就是本人，嘻嘻）说过的一句话：“做人做事归
根到底其实就是一种心态” ，其实跟考官一样，就是如何看待人生，看来伟大的
思想家想法有时往往是一致的，哈哈。除此之外，还 有啥呢，还有就是老说思辨
能力（critical thinking）,重要懂得如何去思考。就这样了吧。
幸福在哪里？
记得遥远的童年， 当年还算是祖国的花朵，戴着鲜艳的红领巾，背着崭新的书包，
太阳照着我们红彤彤的小脸上。然后在老 师的带领下，高声齐唱：“春天在哪里
啊，春天在哪里，春天在那小朋友的眼睛里。”现在想起来，真是 又傻又天真。
换到今天，你假如问我，“幸福在哪里？”我想了半天，终于得到了标准答案：
“幸福就在新闻联播里。”在新闻联播里，人民公仆是清正廉洁的、警察是抓坏
蛋的、人民生活水平是 逐步提高的、老百姓是喜笑颜开的、美国人是想一门心思
巴结我们的、维族汉族同胞是亲如一家人的、外 面的世界是一塌糊涂的，一切的
一切激起了我作为国家主人的一份子的骄傲（其实，基于我秉承雷锋精神 的奉献
精神，我是从小就立志当一名人民公仆，但是估计这辈子只有做主人的份了）。
所以我特 别反对很多人每天都看新闻联播，一边看一边骂的没素质的表现，因为
我也有时看新闻，而且观看时候情 绪很好（古话叫“笑而不语”），这种感觉就
像小时候看《西游记》一样，时不时把自己融入戏中，自己 能腾云驾雾，能七十
二变，那种感觉很好；看新闻联播也一样，把自己融入新闻中，觉得自己过上了这种幸福的生活，所以看完之后，精神状态极好，连做雅思题都会多对两个，所
以，我的结论是“我 的幸福就在新闻联播里。”
品读剑桥B7T1 (1)
(2009-09-08 16:45:18)
It’s generally believed that some people are born with certain talents,
for instance for sport or music, and others are not. However, it is
sometimes claimed that any child can be taught to become a good sports
person or musician.
Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.
The relative importance of natural talent and training is a frequent topic
of discussion when people try to explain different levels of ability in,
for example, sport, art or music.

Obviously, education systems are based on the belief that all children
can effectively be taught to acquire different skills, including those
associated with sport, art or music. So from our own school experience,
we can find plenty of evidence to support the view that a child can acquire
these skills with continued teaching and guided practice.
However, some people believe that innate talent is what differentiates
a person who has been trained to play a sport or an instrument, from those
who become good players. In other words, there is more to the skill than
to a learned technique, and this extra talent cannot be taught, no matter
how good the teacher or how frequent a child practices.
I personally think that some people do have talents that are probably
inherited via their genes. Such talents can give individuals a facility
for certain skills that allow them to excel, while more hard-working
students never manage to reach a comparable level. But, as with all
questions of nature versus nurture, they are not mutually exclusive. Good
musicians or artists and exceptional sports starts have probably succeed
because of both good training and natural talent. With the natural talent,
continuous training would be neither attractive nor productive, and
without the training, the child would not learn how to exploit and develop
their talent.
In conclusion, I agree that any child can be taught particular skills,
but to be really good in areas such as music, art or sport, then some
natural talent is required.
品读雅思B7T1 (2)
(2009-09-08 16:55:55)
It’s generally believed that some people are born with certain talents,
for instance for sport or music, and others are not. However, it is
sometimes claimed that any child can be taught to become a good sports
person or musician.
Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.
看到这个标题，就知道有个陷阱，这个是限定在sport和music 领域，所以得
小心点，别踩着雷了
开头段
The relative importance of natural talent and training is a frequent topic
of discussion when people try to explain different levels of ability in,
for example, sport, art or music.
介绍背景，很俗很管用，句型 sth is a frequent topic of discussion when,
我们四六级书上就有 sth is a hot-debated topic 之类的，你不能说这 个高级
主考官也是背了那本作文书，套了那个模版吧。其实用不用模版无所谓，关键看
合不合适 ，你拿姚明的西装给潘长江穿上肯定挺难看吧，你不能有此得出结论
“千万不要给潘长江穿西装，可难看 。”
主体一段

Obviously, education systems are based on the belief that all children
can effectively be taught to acquire different skills, including those
associated with sport, art or music.
这句也是为培养因素作背景说明，或者叫做原因吧
Obviously 评注性句子状语
The belief that 这个that 从句做belief的同位语，一些抽象意义词，如belief,
view, thought, attitude 等常接that 做同位语，雅思作文经常用的，值得注
意
skills, including those associated with sport, art or music 谈背景时也
不忘扣紧主题，不跑离sport, art, music这几个领域
So from our own school experience, we can find plenty of evidence to
support the view that a child can acquire these skills with continued
teaching and guided practice.
So 引导结果状语，其实带了两个原因：the education system 和 from our
experience
With continued teaching and guided practice; with+名词通常表示伴随、
原因、条件或作定语，此处表示条 件，如果持续的教导和指导性练习。注意此处
continued teaching, guided practice 不是单纯的teaching and practice，
添加修饰成分使表到具体生动
主体二段
However, some people believe that innate talent is what differentiates
a person who has been trained to play a sport or an instrument, from those
who become good players.
提出了talent支持的观点，
注意对应上段的表达支持观点的举行，
We can find plenty of evidence to support the view that
Some people believe that
Differentiate A from those B 区别开来
Who has been trained to play a sport or an instrument play做动词
Who become good players player 作名词，可见，词性的变化一般会引起句
型的改变，因此关键词词性改变，再组句，不失 为句型多样化的一种方法，如，
Usage of internet is very common. The internet is widely used. Usage [u],
use [vt]
In other words, there is more to the skill than to a learned technique,
and this extra talent cannot be taught, no matter how good the teacher
or how frequent a child practices.
In other words换句话说，同义表达
Talent skill technique 按天赋由大到小排序，其实一般情况下，skill常用，
与technique 接近
No matter how good the teacher is or no matter how frequent a child
practices, 其实这个is不该省略，no matter+ howwhatwhich, 表强调，不
管怎样
主体三段

I personally think that some people do have talents that are probably
inherited via their genes.
上两段一个谈了正反两方面观点，现在是作者观点了，I personally think 是
标志成分，但这句并不是主旨句
Certainly surely 肯定 probablypossiblymaybe 也许 impossiblyout of
the questioncannot 不可能 几个表达可能性的几组词很重要，阐明作者的看
法，记住它们
Such talents can give individuals a facility for certain skills that allow
them to excel, while more hard- working students never manage to reach a
comparable level.
While做为连词表示对照
看一下句型多样性
Certain skills allow them to excel
Hard-working student never manage to reach a comparable level
Facility [u,sing] 容易做好或学好某事物的能力，这和以前在学过facilities
[pl] 设备，环境 不一样，have a facility for learning languages
Excel [vi] 大家都知道，不就是office电子表格吗，这里为其本意 超越 excel
atin
But, as with all questions of nature versus nurture, they are not mutually
exclusive.
主旨句
Versus [prep] 大家应该很熟吧
Good musicians or artists and exceptional sports starts have probably
succeed because of both good training and natural talent.
又出现probably, 但要强调 possible 可能，probably 很可能，
impossible 不可能， improbably 很不可能 注意其细微区别
Without the natural talent, continuous training would be neither
attractive nor productive, and without the training, the child would not
learn how to exploit and develop their talent.
对上一句正面表述的反面表述，上一句：因为both training and talent, 所
以succeed; 这一句： without talent, training 如何；without training,
talent 不会exploit and develop。 而且用的是虚拟条件句。这种运用很常用，
把一个道 理先正面说，然后用否定的虚拟条件句反着说，表示强调，如：The
Internet has brought many benefits to us. Without the Internet, we could
not enjoy much convenience. 大家得好好体会，虚拟语气算高级句型哦，很多
同学不就喜欢追求这个吗
结尾段
In conclusion, I agree that any child can be taught particular skills,
but to be really good in areas such as music, art or sport, then some
natural talent is required.
I agree 结尾做总结，再次强调作者观点，中立，稍微偏talent
还原作者写作流程：
审题 < /p>

看到这个题目，又是天赋和培养之间的关系，这种题肯定是态度中立，没办法，
因 为两种因素肯定是interact 相互影响，主体段分三段好写，主体一二段正反
两方面观点，主体三段骑墙
框架
开头段：不由自主的想起了用过的经典模版 Nowadays, people have recently
discussed the topic over sth, nowadays 也太模版了吧，说不定考官直接
判为5分，咱变一下，Sth is a frequent topic of discussion when，这个就
好多了
主 体一段：一方观点，教育使其掌握技能。怎么发展该段落，先谈教育体系存在
的理念就是获取技能，因此 孩子们也可以通过教育培训来过去音乐、艺术等技能。
主体二段：另一方观点，天赋能区分出平庸与优秀来。再用一个in other words
来一个同义表达，就是天赋是教育所不能达到的，是天生的。
主体三段：我的观点，一个人能 通过教育培训获取某种技能，但是如果要做到优
秀卓越的话，就得具有某种天赋。怎么发展这段还真是问 题，我就开始以人如果
具有某种天赋的话，掌握技能也快，并且能超越其他人达到优秀，而一个没有天< br>赋的人是做不到这些的。也就是天赋与优秀是interactive, 并非exclusive的关系，这是句中心句。然后再以虚拟条件句来强调这层关系，如果没有天赋，培
训也就会既无趣也无 效；如果没有培训，天才们也不可能利用和发展他们的天赋。
好了，很完整，很充实。
结尾段 ：也就是把我的观点原文翻译出来就行了：一个人能通过教育培训获取某
种技能，但是如果要做到优秀卓 越的话，就得具有某种天赋。切记，我是在主体
三段的时候没有原文翻译这句话，否则，只能想其它办法 了。
遣词造句：
看到任何一篇文章，题目中谈到的那些字眼，一般都将成为文章的中心词， 所以
要注意同义表达，运用同义表达具有两个方面，第一是词性变化（一般是动词，
名词对换） ；第二是同一词性内词义表达的多样性。如本文当中：
天赋：natural talent; innate talent
培训 training；continued teaching; guided practice; good training
be taught have been trained;
技能 different levels of ability acquire different skills; technique;

音乐、体育方面 play a sport or an instrument;
ability for sport, art or music; good players; good musicians and
exceptional sports stars
这篇当中特别用到了否定虚拟条件句来强调说理，很值得学习，这个大有用途
句型丰富得令我望其项背
假如是我？
看到这个题，跑到我脑子里的第一句就是爱因 斯坦的那句名言：天才是百分之一
的汗水加百分之九十九的灵感 Genius: one percent inspiration （灵感） and
99 percent perspiration （汗水），要在中文中，这句我肯定就得写上去，这
时出彩点，但英文中， 就得小心点（具体原因见我写的另外一篇博文：英文思维
和中文思维有区别吗）。
这种培训和天才的关系文章肯定就是interact, 保持中立，某些老师同学的观
点必须 具有某种倾向性不知道从哪里来的无稽之谈，观点明确是有自己的观点，

而且一般必须出 现in my opinion, I think 等第一人称的字眼。中立是一个明
确的态度，如希 特勒向法国开战，德国问瑞士，你帮谁？瑞士回答：“我谁也不
帮，我中立”，难道你说瑞士态度不明确 。这种中立观点题目主体分三段好写，
一段一方观点，二段另外一方观点，三段我的观点中立，关键在如 何发展主题段，
范文中作者文字功底是在是太高了，把一些类似的观点能换个不同的角度用这么
多的词汇句型表达（也可以说是完全采用讲道理的方式来发展），要我写得话可
没这个本事，只好寄出我 的杀手锏：具体话，也就是摆事实：
主体一段: 任何一种技能都是可以学习获得的，比如练习游泳， 就得学习怎么熟
悉水性，练习呼吸，练习手和腿的协调摆动，经过反复练习后就会游泳了。
主 体二段：天赋可以让你脱颖而出，如姚明的身高有利于投篮，成分NBA中锋的
有利条件；梵高的色彩辨 别能力使其成为一代宗师，没有天赋，呵呵，做梦吧
第三段：一个人能通过教育培训获取某种技能，但 是如果要做到优秀卓越的话，
就得具有某种天赋。教育培训使人掌握一个领域的基本技能，音乐的乐谱， 体育
的肌肉训练等，但是一个有天赋的人不但将掌握技能时间缩短，而且学得跟好，
更加重要的 是，任何要想成为NO1等，天赋必不可少。奥运会奖牌得主就是训练
和天赋完美结合的产物。
是科学还是艺术
看到这篇作文，也就是天赋和教育之间的相互关系，其实我的回答就是 任何事
件要把它做到卓越，那就得把它当做一半是科学，一半是艺术；英文当中称为
part science, part art（注意，英文这个观点很长见，经常出现在报刊杂志中）。
下面我谈谈体会：
临床实践 ：皮肤病当中有一种常见的却很难治愈的病：牛皮癣，它是一种免疫性
疾病，经常复发，复发时皮肤瘙痒 无比，病人有时生不如死。很多医院，尤其是
中医药大学的附属医院宣传纯中药治疗，不采用激素，所以 副作用小。我却对此
有保留意见，因为激素治疗虽然副作用大，但是能很快减轻症状，一般门诊病人应诊时症状都很严重，皮肤被自己抓伤比较严重，还没说两句，就泣不成声。所
以在这种情况下，应 当中医治疗的基础上适当配以激素治疗，迅速减轻症状，然
后停止激素治疗，纯中医制剂加上食疗，这样 对病人生活质量总体上有好处。人
人都希望疾病治疗副作用小，见效快，病人生活质量提高而长久。但是 ，实际当
中，同时达到这几点是做不到的，因此医生诊断过程中应当综合考虑，充分考虑
患者的 综合需求，达到效益最大化。医生必须了解激素和中药疗法的特点，准确
诊断病人所患疾病的阶段等，这 就是科学；同时医生必须考虑病人的生活质量，
同情病人（心理学上叫“同理性”），这又是一门艺术。
英语学习：经常听到有人讨论英语学习的“精还是泛”的区别，其实我认为应当
是两条腿走路， 精泛结合。精，借此掌握英语学科的基本功，基本功的学习应当
“形成体系，灵活运用”，基本功体现在 词汇、语法和语音三块；泛，即广泛的
阅读杂志，收看CNN等电视节目，书写各种英文文章，经常和外 国人进行交流，
总之，多进行听说读写。但根据每个人的情况，精泛比例又不一样，大概说了，
初期精比例大些，泛比例小些。学习者必须学习词法结购，语音规律等，这是科
学；同时又要考虑精和泛 的关系，自己学习的时间和目的，这就是很艺术的一件
事情。
法律故事：汪精卫同志当年在武 汉清洗共产党时，提出“宁可错杀三千，不可放
过一个”，所以肯定有被冤枉的；而美国法律就审判有一 条 beyond reasonable
doubt, 也就是这人罪行确凿无误，所以肯定有漏网 的。这两个案例中都必须寻

求证据，证明某人是共产党或罪犯，这是科学；同时汪精卫同 志切实的保护自己
的利益，冤枉几个人无所谓，而美国法律切实体现和保护广大人民的根本利益（听起来好像老美学过三个代表），觉得不能有人被诬陷，这其实也是一门艺术。
所以，很多事情，把 事情做到期限的态度就是：它既是一门科学，也是一门艺
术。如果不把它当科学，事件基本原理和技能无 法掌握，你就是在盲人摸象；如
果不把它当艺术，你就墨守陈规，僵化保守（这最后这两句“如果”，英 文中表
达就是虚拟语气，呵呵）
品读剑桥 B5T4 (1)
(2009-09-09 14:06:01)
Research indicates that the characteristics we are born with have much
more influence on your personality and development than any experiences
we may have in our life.
Which do you consider to be the major influence?
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your
own knowledge or experience.
Today the way we consider human psychology and mental development is
heavily influenced by the genetic sciences. We now understand the
importance of inherited characteristics more than ever before. Yet we are
still unable to decide whether an individual’s personality and
development are more influenced by genetic factors (nature) or by the
environment (nurture).
Research, relating to identical twins, has highlighted how significant
inherited characteristics can be for an individual’s life. But whether
these characteristics are able to develop within the personality of an
individual surely depends on whether the circumstances allow such a
development. It seems that the experiences we have in life are so
unpredictable and so powerful, that they can boost or over-ride other
influences, and there seems to be plenty of research findings to confirm
this.
My own view is that there is no one major influence in a person’s life.
Instead, the traits we inherit from our parents and the situations and
experiences that we encounter in life are constantly interacting. It is
the interacting of the two that shapes a person’s personality and
dictates how that personality develops. If this were not true, then we
would be able to predict the behaviour and character of a person from the
moment they were born.
In conclusion, I do not think that either nature or nurture is the major
influence on a person, but that both have powerful effects. How these
factors interact is still unknown today and they remain largely
unpredictable in a person’s life.
Research indicates that the characteristics we are born with have much
more influence on your personality and development than any experiences
we may have in our life.

Which do you consider to be the major influence?
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your
own knowledge or experience.
开头段：
Today the way we consider human psychology and mental development is
heavily influenced by the genetic sciences.
谈背景，这种称为作者与读者之间寻找共同点（common grounds）,也就是为了
发展文章，作者希望能将读者获得同样一个起点，这样就能促进理解。
We now understand the importance of inherited characteristics more than
ever before. Yet we are still unable to decide whether an individual’s
personality and development are more influenced by genetic factors
(nature) or by the environment (nurture).
We are unable to decide 获得了具体的背景知识，但这并不是作者个人的观点，
注意人称we，但是从这里就奠定了文章的基调。
than ever before 这时比较句型中两事物前后时间特征的比较，用得很广泛
genetic factors，the environment 题目用词; nature , nurture 杂志报纸普
遍用词,通过这种手段将题目与大众联系起来，高，实在是高
主体一段：
Research, relating to identical twins, has highlighted how significant
inherited characteristics can be for an individual’s life.
遗传重要
作者背景知识很不错，联系到了医学当中的双生子研究（twin study）,也就是
identical twins的研究，用研究结果来说明问题实际也是举例子的形式
highlight [vt] 强调，这个词经常用到
But whether these characteristics are able to develop within the
personality of an individual surely depends on whether the circumstances
allow such a development.
遗传不一定重要
but引导了，whether„ depends on whether„，这是句复杂句型，很对称很美
观
“遗传特质是否在个人性格中发展取决于环境是否允许其发展”很科学的表述
It seems that the experiences we have in life are so unpredictable and
so powerful, that they can boost or over-ride other influences, and there
seems to be plenty of research findings to confirm this.
环境重要
It seems that接so„that的因果句型
plenty of research finding句末还不忘提出“有科学依据”
主体二段
My own view is that there is no one major influence in a person’s life.
Instead, the traits we inherit from our parents and the situations and
experiences that we encounter in life are constantly interacting.
一个my own view作标志引出了作者的观点interact ，作者观点标志词很重要
no one influence (代表没有) instead (而是，代表替代观点)

It is the interacting of the two that shapes a person’s personality and
dictates how that personality develops.
It is„that 的强调句型
shape，dictate [vt] 决定， 注意同义表达
If this were not true, then we would be able to predict the behaviour and
character of a person from the moment they were born.
还不过瘾，用否定虚拟语气来进一步强调
结尾段
In conclusion, I do not think that either nature or nurture is the major
influence on a person, but that both have powerful effects.
In conclusion, I think再次总结强调自己的观点
How these factors interact is still unknown today and they remain largely
unpredictable in a person’s life.
这个称为“扩展” ，虽然确定了因素之间的关系是“相互影响”，扩展一下，“到
达如何影响不知道”，是话题的进一步延 伸
品读剑桥B5T4 (3)
(2009-09-09 16:36:35)
还原作者写作流程
审题：
nature or nurture 老调重弹，不过这这个话题没别的：中立。中立的主体段应
该双方观点+我的观点
框架：
开头段：这是个很科学的话题，所以开头就应当把science这个东西提出来，说
gene tic science遗传学很火，遗传学也确实解释了一些东西，不过nature or
nature这个问题确实没有解决。
主体一段：这次把正反两个方面都介绍一些吧，就三句 话：遗传重要，遗传不一
定重要，环境很重要。

主体二段：摆摆我的看法，交互 （interact）,再解释强调一下：这种交互作用
决定这我们，如果不是交互作用（也就是只是遗 传决定），那么就是“龙生龙，
凤生凤，老鼠生子打地洞了”。
首位段：总结+展望：环境和 遗传都很重要，而且如何交换咱不知道（不说最后
这句也不会死人啊）。
遣词造句：
遗传的：inherited characteristics；genetic factor；nature
环境的：environment；nurture; situations and experiences
人的：human psychology ；mental development ；personality; behavior;
character; Traits
作者运用了it is„ that强调句和虚拟语气表强调，注意一下
如果是我？
作者有一些背景知识，但是他还是 非专业人士，准确说研究环境对人发展影响的
是心理学家们，尤其是以华生为代表的行为主义者；医学家 ，尤其是遗传流行病
学专家做遗传对人发展的影响。有点扯远了，这个话题就是骑墙，观点就是相互

影响（interact）,专业术语叫“交互”。作者遣词造句的能力实在是望尘莫及，< br>我还是老一套吧，发挥我的专业特长外加细化能力，要我写就这要吧：
第一段，

老一套+本人的专业知识：这个话题很热，遗传学家和行为心理学
家都很卖力，提出有相互冲突的说法。
第二段，

支持遗传学的，人很多方面受遗传控制，不但是身高肤色等 ，性
格和发展也是说遗传制约的，这些特征也就造就了社会的多样性。
再细化一下，如有的人天 生内向，往往这种人也勤于思考，那么他
发展这些特点，也影响的职业发展，如做科研等，有些人天性外 向，
倾向于社交，喜欢做销售等。
第三段，

支持后天决定 论的，环境对人有很大作用，双生子研究做过一些
特别的证明就是把一个同卵双生（也就是遗传特质完全 一致），然
后由于某种原因分开，性格和发展相差很大。
第四段，

我的观点，相互影响，某种性格特质倾向于选择某种适合这种特
质发展的环境（一个外向的人 喜欢party; 某些环境也会改变人的特
质（如心理咨询治疗等）
第五段，

总结一下
当然具体写的时候得把握个段落的长度，第二三段简写，第四段得多写点
品读剑桥B6T2 (1)
(2009-09-10 07:46:50)
Successful sports professionals can earn a great deal more money than
people in other important professions. Some people think this is fully
justified while others think it is unfair.
Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your
own knowledge or experience.
As a result of constant media attention, sports professionals in my
country have become stars and celebrities, and those at the top are paid
huge salaries. Just like movie stars, they live extravagant lifestyles
with huge houses and cars.
Many people find their rewards unfair, especially when comparing these
super salaries with those of top surgeons or research scientists, or even
leading politicians who have the responsibility of governing the country.
However, sports salaries are not determined by considering the
contribution to society a person makes, or the level of responsibility
he or she holds. Instead, they reflect the public popularity of sport in
general and the level of public support that successful stars can generate.
So the notion of ‘fairness’ is not the issue.
Those who feel that sports stars are justified might argue that the number
of professionals with real talent are very few, and the money is a
recognition of the skills and dedication a person needs to be successful.
Competition is constant and a player is tested every time they perform
in their relatively short career. The pressure from the media is intense

and there is little privacy out of the spotlight. So all of these factors
may justify the huge earnings.
Personally, I think that the amount of money such sports stars is more
justified than the huge earnings of mover stars, but at the same time,
it indicates that our society places more value on sport than on more
essential professionals and achievements.
Successful sports professionals can earn a great deal more money than
people in other important professions. Some people think this is fully
justified while others think it is unfair.
profession [c]: 职业 the legalmedicalteaching profession 同义词
careertrade
professional [c]: 专业人士
下面justify这组词非常重要，而且对应的汉语表达有点别扭，请特别注意
justify [vt] 有正当理由的：Nothing can justify killing people.
justifiablejustified [adj]: 有正当理由的： His actions are
justifiablejustified.
justification [c,u]: 理由 There is no justification for treating people
so badly.
开头段：
As a result of constant media attention, sports professionals in my
country have become stars and celebrities, and those at the top are paid
huge salaries.
介绍背景，不过还介绍个原因constant media attention, 为主体段public
support打下伏笔
those at the top与题目中的successful sports professionals对应起来，
注意同义表达
Just like movie stars, they live extravagant lifestyles with huge houses
and cars.
补充说明一下huge salaries的情况，暗示着引起争议的导火线
Lifestyle [c]: 生活方式 lavishsimplecomfortable lifestyle
主体一段：
Many people find their rewards unfair, especially when comparing these
super salaries with those of top surgeons or research scientists, or even
leading politicians who have the responsibility of governing the country.
阐述反方观点，find their rewards unfair,
especially when 实则表示原因，
注意说理的具体化，sports professionals对应为other professionals (top
surgeons or research scientists, leading politicians)
However, sports salaries are not determined by considering the
contribution to society a person makes, or the level of responsibility
he or she holds.
However这句与上半句中的especially when结合起来，共同表示反方原因，即
contribution and responsibility, 可以视为 because though the sports
stars make less contributions and assume less responsibility than other

professionals, such as top scientists and leading politicians, they get
far more salaries. 把一个完整的意思分成两句来表达，这个需要很厚的语言
功底。
Instead, they reflect the public popularity of sport in general and the
level of public support that successful stars can generate. So the notion
of ‘fairness’ is not the issue.
Ins tead反驳这个观点，这种写法称为“立个靶子打”，适应于一边倒的文章中，
阐述对方观点，然后再 批驳这个观点。
反驳的理由是public popularity, public support, 这个很有深度，俺就想不
出来
So the notion of sth is not the issue. 这是个万能通用句型，“这不是个
问题”。
主体二段：
Those who feel that sports stars are justified might argue that the number
of professionals with real talent are very few, and the money is a
recognition of the skills and dedication a person needs to be successful.
those might argue that 例举了正方的第一个支持证据“天才少”，the number
are very few, 注意 the number of 应当指“„.的数目”，应该为单数，不知
作者怎么搞的
a recognition of the skills and dedication这句很有哲理，就像在政府部
门或国有企业等，人才的标准来自于领导的认可“a recognition from your
superiors”，也就是“领导说你行，你就行 ，不行也行；领导说你不行，你就
不行，行也不行”
Competition is constant and a player is tested every time they perform
in their relatively short career.
正方第二个支持证据，competition is constant “竞争激烈”
The pressure from the media is intense and there is little privacy out
of the spotlight.
正方第三个支持证据，little privacy “少隐私”
So all of these factors may justify the huge earnings.
这个是该段的中心句，justify the huge earnings
earnings [pl] 表示收入，类似的有 pay [u], salary [c], wage [c], earnings
[pl], income [c,u];注意一下各词的单复数性质
结尾段：
Personally, I think that the amount of money such sports stars is more
justified than the huge earnings of mover stars,
我个人认为这是句败笔，题目和文章内容没有涉及到movie stars, 在这里牵出
来有点画蛇添足，文章应当注重统一性（unity）,即围绕一个中心思想来写
but at the same time, it indicates that our society places more value on
sport than on more essential professionals and achievements.
结尾再次强调作者的观点，sport比essential professionals and achievements
更有价值
还原作者写作流程：

审题：一 看到这个题目，这不是现在的热门话题吗，我选择一边倒吧，别着急，
得先列一下双方的观点及理由：反 方观点，回报应当与责任和贡献挂钩，所以不
合理；正方观点，合理啊，天才少，而且压力大，隐私少（ 你看连刘德华结不结
婚关你屁事，你们还不依不饶的？）好了，开始了。
框架：
开头段：介绍一下背景，由于媒体关注constant media attention, 所以名人
拿高薪，引起争议吗就是太招摇（住大房子，开名车）
主体一段：反方观点，我打算 这段先立靶子再打：靶子：他们贡献少，责任少，
凭什么那这么多钱；我的批驳理由：谁说拿钱要靠贡献 ，靠社会认可群众支持也
行啊。
主体二段：正方观点（这时我支持的一方哦），我决定不走俗 套，不采用通常的
总分结构，来个分总结构（逻辑学上称为“归纳”），理由有三：天才是少数，
这些钱就是对他们才华和投入的认可；竞争很激烈，他们在短暂的职业生涯中市
场要接受考验；媒体压 力很大，少隐私。最好总结一句，这些因素证明高薪有理。
结尾段：写了好几段，虽然我的观点很明确，但是没有出现“我的观点的标志词
my view, I think”之类的，必须写上，否则可能得5分，这里总结一下：我们
社会把体育看 得比其它职业要重要一些，这样把主体两段都给连接起来了。
假如是我？
作者这么写，我就 得按照这种框架结构，不过观点是与作者相反的，体育运动员
拿高薪是不合理的。
主体二段： 我也采用立个靶子打，有人认为拿高薪合理是因为这些体育运动也是
对社会的一种贡献（我们说的繁荣社 会主义文化吗，或者高喊“发展体育运动，
增强人们体制，一二”），我不否认这时一种贡献（先退一步 ），但是贡献和科
学家等比起来，就算不了什么，毕竟社会发展是要靠科技进步（科学技术是第一
生产力吗）。
主体三段：我也说几点直接反对的理由：形成了错误的价值取向，大伙都想当明
星；树立了一个坏榜样，一些明星甚至通过吸毒等方式来炒作自己，获取知名度，
赢得更多的关注和金 钱。最后总结一句。
尾段点题：体育运动员高薪不利于社会发展。
品读剑桥B6T4 (1)

Some people prefer to spend their lives doing the same things and avoiding
change. Others, however, think that change is always a good thing.

Discuss both these view and give your own opinion.
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from own
knowledge or experience.
Over the last half century the pace of change in the life of human beings
has increased beyond our wildest expectations. This has been driven by
technological and scientific breakthroughs that can changing the whole
way we view the world on almost daily basis. This means that change is
not always a personal option, but an inescapable fact of life, and we need
to constantly adapt to keep pace to it.
Those people who believe they have achieved some security by doing the
same, familiar things are living in denial. Even when people believe they

are resisting change themselves, they cannot stop the world around them
from changing. Sooner or later they will find that the familiar jobs no
longer exist, or that the ‘safe’ patterns of behavior are no longer
appropriate.
However, reaching the conclusion that change is evitable is not the same
as assuming that change is always for the better. Unfortunately, it is
not always the case that news things are prompted because they have good
impacts for the majority of people. A lot of innovations are made with
the aim of making money for a few. This is because it is the rich and
powerful people in our society who are able to impose changes (such as
in working conditions or properly developments) that are in their
interests.
In conclusion, I would say that change can be stimulating and energizing
for individuals when they pursue it themselves, but that all change,
including which is imposed on people, does not necessarily have good
incomes.
题目
Some people prefer to spend their lives doing the same things and avoiding
change. Others, however, think that change is always a good thing.
认真看一下这个题目， 狡猾狡猾的，因为这个话题的两个观点不是完全对立的，
而是从不同的角度来表述这个问题：一方面，一 些人拒绝改变（拒绝改变是一种
结果，其原因可能是不喜欢改变或是害怕改变，甚至是不知道周围是变化 的）；
另一方面，一些人认为改变经常是件好事（认为改变是件好事是一种观点，也就
是原因， 可能行为是尝试新鲜事物等）。所以回答这个问题就不存在中立、倾向
或一边倒，而是把问题一个个回答 掉。
第一段：
Over the last half century the pace of change in the life of human beings
has increased beyond our wildest expectations.
介绍背景，老调重弹
beyond 词组经常用到 beyond doubt 毋容置疑；beyond recognition 无可辨认；
beyond expectations 不可想象；
This has been driven by technological and scientific breakthroughs that
can changing the whole way we view the world on almost daily basis.
这句话说明technological and scientific breakthroughs 产生了两个作用
drive this (the pace of change has increased); change the whole way we
view the world, 很是狡猾
This means that change is not always a personal option, but an inescapable
fact of life, and we need to constantly adapt to keep pace to it.
实际上开始接触到第一问题了，nota person option, but an inescapable fact
of life的这句很有哲理，而且经常用到，大家记住
第二段
Those people who believe they have achieved some security by doing the
same, familiar things are living in denial.
直接回答文章的第一问，those people are living in denial

in denial 介词短语，拒绝承认事实（refusing to admit the truth or reality
of something unpleasant）,举例a patient in denial about his health
problems
Even when people believe they are resisting change themselves, they cannot
stop the world around them from changing.
解释他们“生活在一种不愿面对真相的状态中 live in denial”
When [conj]: although 尽管，表转折，并非常见的表时间
Sooner or later they will find that the familiar jobs no longer exist,
or that the ‘safe’ patterns of behavior are no longer appropriate.
接着解释 they will find that .. . that
第三段
However, reaching the conclusion that change is evitable is not the same
as assuming that change is always for the better.
相当于把两问都给否定了，A is not the same as B
句子用词的多样化：
Reaching the conclusion对应assuming
Evitable 对应首段的 inescapable

Unfortunately, it is not always the case that news things are prompted
because they have good impacts for the majority of people.
接着解释，it is not always the case, case指reality 事实
解释原因的着力点 the majority of people，就是“是否代表最广大人们的根
本利益”，看看老外学“三个代表”真是活学活用
A lot of innovations are made with the aim of making money for a few. This
is because it is the rich and powerful people in our society who are able
to impose changes (such as in working conditions or properly developments)
that are in their interests.
结果+It is because +原因，前果后因的因果关系，大家多学习学习
It is people who„that 多层复合关系的从句结构需搞清楚
Such as文章举例，使其具体化
Sth is in one’s interest 符合某人的利益， be in the publicnational
interest
第四段：
In conclusion, I would say that change can be stimulating and energizing
for individuals when they pursue it themselves, but that all change,
including which is imposed on people, does not necessarily have good
incomes.
I would say标志着我的观点的正式出现，而且把两个问题回答强调一下
Pursue对应第一问中的avoid，not have good incomes回答了第二问
审题
这个题目很阴险，不是简单的是非问题，而是同一个话题两种不同观点，但观点
的侧重点又有所不同，那好办，就一个问题一个问题解决。问题一Some people
prefer to spend their lives doing the same things and avoiding change.
我的不可能，世界时变化的，你只能使用变化，而非逃避变化； 问题二Others

think that change is always a good thing，变化有可能都是好事，有时也是
坏事
框架
第一段：这一段谈谈背景， 引入话题。由于技术的进步，变化无处不在，体现在
两个方面：人类生活节奏加快和我们看待世界的看法 。这是个谁也逃避不了的现
实。
第二段：回答题目的第一问，喜欢做熟悉事情的人是不愿意承 认事实，应为这是
他们逃避不了的现实，很快他们就会发现他们熟悉的工作不存在，或者是安全的
行为方式不合适。
第三段：回答题目的第二问，开头这句话得将二三两段练习起来，所以就说改变< br>时不可避免的并不等同于改变总是好的。因为有些改变只符合权贵的利益，并不
有利于广大人民群 众（看了这个老外作者不但学习了“三个代表”，而且熟悉中
国国情，也对发改委、统计局和中石油有点 看法）。
第四段：结尾段，得把两个问题联系起来，做一个简单的归纳。当人们主动追求
变化 时，这个改变就是令人振奋的，但并不是所有的变化都会产生积极的后果。
假如是我？
看到 这个问题，头脑里闪出的就是有句歌词“不是我不明白，是因为世界变化
快。”一看这两个问题，还是很 好回答的，下面就开始吧。
第一段：介绍背景，无论是谁，都是这一套
第二段：回答第一个 问题，拒绝变化的的做法是不可能的。因为变化时恒定存在
的，而且个人来讲不能惧怕变化，积极的面对 变化，有时能使人得到更大的发展，
所以叫做opportunity
第三段：回答第二个问 题，变化的结构有好有坏，如核技术的发明，可以用来发
电，服务人类，也可用来制造核武器，毁灭人类 ，所以科学技术的变化带来的双
重影响。
第四段：再次强调自己的观点，既然变化时很定存在 的，我们就必须积极面对，
同时积极的杜绝消极的影响，让变化造福人类等。
品读剑桥B3T2 (1)
When a country develops its technology, the traditional skills and ways
of life die out. It is pointless to try and keep them alive.
To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?
You should use your own ideas, knowledge and experience and support your
arguments with examples and relevant evidence.
Overall, I disagree with the opinion expressed. I would like to begin by
pointing out that ‘traditional skills and ways of life’ are not
automatically of one country, but of a culture or community.
In many ways, the history of civilization is the history of technology:
from the discovery of fire to the invention of the wheel to the development
of the Internet, we have been moving on from previous ways of doing things.
Some technologies, such as weapons of mass destruction, are of negative
impact. Others, such as medical advances, positively help people to live
better or longer, and so very much help traditional ways of life. Surely,
few people would seek to preserve such traditions as living in caves!

Interestingly, technology can positively contribute to the keeping alive
of traditional skills and ways of life. For example, the populations of
some islands are too small to have normal schools. Rather than breaking
up families by sending children to the mainland, education authorities
have been able to use the Internet to deliver schooling online. In addition,
the Internet, and modern refrigeration techniques, are being used to keep
alive the traditional skills of producing salmon; it can now be ordered
from, and delivered to, anywhere in the world.
In conclusion, without suggesting that all technology is necessarily good,
I think is by no means ‘pointless’; in any way, to try to keep traditions
alive with technology. We should not ignore technology, because it can
be our friend and support our way of life.
题目
When a country develops its technology, the traditional skills and ways
of life die out. It is pointless to try and keep them alive.
To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?
看到这个题目，真是既简单又迷惑，关键在于对于it的理解，it可以有三种理
解方式，a country, technology, to try and keep them (the traditional skills
and ways of life) alive，而且每种都可以说得过去，第一种（a country）: 当
一个国家发展科技，那么 传统的技术和生活方式消失了，那么国家对保持传统的
技术和生活方式是无意义的。第二种：当一个国家 发展科技，那么传统的技术和
生活方式消失了，那么技术对保持传统的技术和生活方式是无意义的。第三 种：
当一个国家发展科技，那么传统的技术和生活方式消失了，保持传统的技术和生
活方式是无 意义的。It的返指，也就是指代前面的句子成分一般需要从语法和
含义上来判读，但是从语法和含以上 来讲，三种解释都是可以的。文章作者采用
了第二种解释。
开头段
Overall, I disagree with the opinion expressed.
开门见山，直接表明作者的观点。太直白了，剑桥系列以后出的考官范文越来越
含蓄了。
I would like to begin by pointing out that ‘traditional skills and ways
of life’ are not automatically of one country, but of a culture or
community.
I would like to begin by pointing out这句用第一人称，稍显得有点口语化，
其实除了表明自己观点之外，只出现第三人称比较合适
not of one country, but of a culture or community相当于指出when a country
develops its technology, the traditional skills and ways of life die out
这种提法就是错误的，因为传统技术和生活方式是属于一中文化或群体，而并 非
属于一个国家，of [prep] 表示隶属关系
主体一段
In many ways, the history of civilization is the history of technology:
from the discovery of fire to the invention of the wheel to the development
of the Internet, we have been moving on from previous ways of doing things.
“在很多方面，文明史其实就是技术史”，好有哲理的一句话

from„to„to„.显得很有层次感
We have been moving on 用的是现在完成进行时，表示从过去开始到现在一直
进行的动作，表现出一种动作的持续性
Some technologies, such as weapons of mass destruction, are of negative
impact.
指出技术的不好方面
Of + negative impact 具有某种特征
Others, such as medical advances, positively help people to live better
or longer, and so very much help traditional ways of life. Surely, few
people would seek to preserve such traditions as living in caves!
阐明了技术进步的对人类的好处，并且特意指出了help traditional ways of
life，为下一段的说明打下基础
主体二段
Interestingly, technology can positively contribute to the keeping alive
of traditional skills and ways of life.
其实也是上一段的so very much help traditional ways of life的同义表达，
help对应了contribute to
For example, the populations of some islands are too small to have normal
schools. Rather than breaking up families by sending children to the
mainland, education authorities have been able to use the Internet to
deliver schooling online.
举例说明，internet对于维护小岛的传统家庭的作用
Rather than [conj]: 表示一种选择或比较等
Deliver schooling online此处的online [adv]，表示一种方式
In addition, the Internet, and modern refrigeration techniques, are being
used to keep alive the traditional skills of producing salmon; it can now
be ordered from, and delivered to, anywhere in the world.
举例说明，技术对传统produce salmon这项传统技能的保持
结尾段
In conclusion, without suggesting that all technology is necessarily good,
I think it is by no means ‘pointless’; in any way, to try to keep
traditions alive with technology.
一句话，总结了主体两段的两个观点，技术并非都好，但在某些方面的确能保持
传统的存在。
necessarily [adv]: 必定
by no means [adv] 无疑
We should not ignore technology, because it can be our friend and support
our way of life.
补充了一句，表达了对technology的好感
还原作者写作流程？
审题：When a country develops its technology, the traditional skills and
ways of life die out. It is pointless to try and keep them alive. 这是
个有歧义的题目，而作者采用的将it指代technology，采用的观点是完全反对，
观点就是技 术有好有坏，而且有的技术还能保持传统手艺和生活方式。

框架
开头段：这篇作文作者也不够含蓄的了。一上来就指出不同意这个观点。而且就
提出了when a country its technology, the traditional skills and ways of
life die out这个命题是不存在的，因为传统手艺和生活方式和 国家没关系，
只和文化或社区有关，也就是传统手艺和生活方式是一种文化，而非一种政治载
体 。这种看法实在得需要有点背景知识。
主体一段：这段描述技术的后果，有好也有坏。不够先得指出文 化发展和技术发
展的关系。题目提到三个描述对象：国家，技术和传统生活方式，开头段作者首
先将国家与技术和传统生活方式的关系抛弃了，而代之以文化、技术和传统生活
方式的关系。所以第一句 话就是文明就是技术史，而技术发展就是原来做事的方
式的改变（也就是传统手艺和生活方式），一句话 就重新定位了文化、技术和传
统方式之间的关系。然后又详细说明了技术发展对文明发展的双重作用，举 例说
明，大规模性杀伤武器有害人类；医学发展有利于人类进步。总分的结构方式。
主体二段 ：技术对于保存传统手艺和生活方式的贡献，这个命题提到了两个对象，
传统手艺和传统生活方式，那么 举两个例子分别说明这个问题。传统生活方式：
小岛上的孩子可以通过网络学习，不用离开家，所以保持 了传统家庭的完整；传
统手艺：互联网和冰箱的运用能使传统制作大马哈鱼的手艺保存。总分的结构方< br>式。
结尾段：将主体两段归纳一下：传统手艺方面：并不是说所有技术都是好的，但
是 在某些方面对保持传统手艺和还是有利的。生活方式方面：我们不应当忽视技
术，技术是我们的朋友，并 且支持了我们的生活方式。
遣词造句：
传统手艺：traditional skill； previous ways of doing things
发展：development of discovery； medical advances
保存 preserve； keep„alive; support
假如是我？
我选择将it看成是to try and keep them alive的形式主语，这样题目就 很好
理解了“技术进步存进传统手艺和传统生活的消亡，因此保存传统手艺和生活方
式是没有意 义的”这个角度来写，这样把nation作为一个背景词，没有太特殊
的作用。我的观点就是：技术进 步并非使传统手艺和生活方式消亡，在某些地方
有保存的作用，回答了第一问；传统的手艺和生活方式是 人类文明的遗产，我们
可以利用或者限制技术的利用来保持这些遗产。
开头段：介绍背景时必 不可少的，那么我就说技术的进步，特别是自从工业革命
以来，使人类的生存方式发生了很大的改变。
主题一段：首先承认，技术进步，确实是很多传统的传统手艺和生存方式消失。
但是，有些技术 也能帮助保存这些传统技术。比如中国传统的针灸治疗，通过书
籍、互联网等传播开来。
主体 二段：传统的手艺和生存方式是人类文明的一个重要部分，必须保存。我们
可以做两个方面的工作，很多 传统手艺，如上面提到的针灸，还有传统绘画，甚
至是快要消失的语言，我们可以用用纸张和电子等手段 记录下来；还有些时候，
我们必须限制技术的过度使用来破坏传统的生活方式，如有些隔绝的少数名族< br>（如中国的摩梭族等），居住地就禁止修筑铁路，禁止过度发展旅游业，来破坏
这些与众不同的传 统生活方式。

结尾段：我们处在一个技术不断进步的时代，我们不能逃避和抗拒这种变 化，同
时注意利用和限制技术的使用来保持传统手艺和生活方式。
品读剑桥B5T2 (1)
In some countries young people are encouraged to work or travel for a
year between finishing high school and starting university studies.
Discuss the advantages and disadvantages for young people who decide to
do this.
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your
own knowledge or experience.
It is quite common these days for young people in many countries to have
a break from studying after graduating from high school. The trend is not
restricted to rich students who have the money to travel, but is also
evident among poorer students who choose to work and become economically
independent for a period of time.
The reasons for this trend may involve the recognition that a young adult
who passes directly from school to university is rather restricted in
terms of general knowledge and experience of the world. By contrast, those
who have spent some time earning a living or travelling to other places,
have a broader view of life and better personal resources to draw on. They
tend to be more independent, which is a very important factor in academic
study and research, as well as giving them an advantage in terms of coping
with the challenges of student life.

However, there are certainly dangers in taking time off at the important
age. Young adults may end up never returning to their studies or finding
it difficult to readapt to an academic environment. They may think that
it is better to continue in a particular job, or to do something completely
different from a university course. But overall, I think this is less
likely today, when academic qualifications are essential for getting a
reasonable career.
My view is that young people should be encouraged to broaden their horizons.
That is the best way for them to get a clear perspective of what they are
hoping to do with their lives and why. Students with such a perspective
are usually the most effective and motivated ones and taking a year off
may be the best way to gain this.
题目
In some countries young people are encouraged to work or travel for a year
between finishing high school and starting university studies.
Discuss the advantages and disadvantages for young people who decide to
do this.
典型的，也是同学们最熟悉的大作文的题目advantages and disadvantage s，
呵呵，想也不想就可以开工了。
不过大家注意了，题目的重点实在介绍对立双方的观点，< br>而不是注重谈你的看法，别把文章重心搞错了。不同于Some people support the trend. On the

other hand, others oppose it. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

这样出题强调是作者的
观点。

开头段
It is quite common these days for young people in many countries to have
a break from studying after graduating from high school.
It is quite common these days for sb to do sth 好庸俗的开头啊，不过不
要紧，模版本身也是大伙用多了，就叫做模版，文章不会因为某个句子，就说你
是模版，而在于整体的协 调，就像一个人漂亮一样，协调是最重要的
break [c] 中断，休息 a coffee break
The trend is not restricted to rich students who have the money to travel,
but is also evident among poorer students who choose to work and become
economically independent for a period of time.
指出了rich students和poorer students的同样选择
The trend is not restricted to A, but is also evident among B 这个句型
强调同样的两种趋势，用得实在是太好了，相当于 Both A and B do sth.
主体一段
The reasons for this trend may involve the recognition that a young adult
who passes directly from school to university is rather restricted in
terms of general knowledge and experience of the world.
开始说需要休学的原因“没有休学的话，学生在一般知识和世界经验方面相当局
限”
The reasons fro this trend may involve the recognition that„.表明原因
的句型
Reason behindfor sth；注意reason后面的prep，如He explained the reason
behind this decision.
In terms of in respect of: 关于某方面
By contrast, those who have spent some time earning a living or travelling
to other places, have a broader view of life and better personal resources
to draw on.
对照说明原因一“休学的话，学生有更广阔的人生视角和更好的个人资源”
对照的措辞
不休学的学生：a young adult who passes directly from school to university
休学的学生：those who have spent some time earning a living or traveling
to other places
人生局限：be restricted in terms of general knowledge and experience of
the world
人生广：have a broader view of life and better personal resources to draw
on
They tend to be more independent, which is a very important factor in
academic study and research, as well as giving them an advantage in terms
of coping with the challenges of student life.
继续说明休学的好处（原因二）：更独立，这给理论学习和研究带来好处，同时
给 处理挑战时有优势

which是指代前面那句话they tend to be more independent，which从句实际
上表达因果关系中的果，in academic study and research和giving them an
advantage in terms of用as well as（并列连词）共同修饰factor的
主体二段
However, there are certainly dangers in taking time off at the important
age.
However, 引出了disadvantages, there are certainly dangers in doing sth
很简单，也很常用
in doing sth in [prep] 表原因，如in refusing (because she refused) to
work abroad, she missed an excellent job opportunity.
Young adults may end up never returning to their studies or finding it
difficult to readapt to an academic environment.
表示有害性的表现，
end up 这个词组很重要，朗文解释为 to be in a particular situation, state
or place after a series of events, especially when you do not plan it.
常见的表达为
end up in doing sth: After working around the world, she ended up teaching
a foreign language.
end up+adj: If she carries on spending like this, she will end up
penniless.
end up +介词短语：He came around for a cup of coffee and we ended up in
bed together.
They may think that it is better to continue in a particular job, or to
do something completely different from a university course.
进一步说明有害性表现的动机（也就是原因）：They may think that
But overall, I think this is less likely today, when academic
qualifications are essential for getting a reasonable career.
反驳这个想法
Overall [adv] 评注性句子副词，on the whole, generally
When修饰的是today
结尾段
My view is that young people should be encouraged to broaden their horizons.
That is the best way for them to get a clear perspective of what they are
hoping to do with their lives and why. Students with such a perspective
are usually the most effective and motivated ones and taking a year off
may be the best way to gain this.
My view is that表明作者的立场，但是注意作者并没有直接回答作者题目，而
是采用两个很类似的说理句群，最后落脚点是taking a year off may be the best
way to gain this，才回答题目的问题
这段的说理有点绕，注意两个说理句群
句群一：that is the best way for them to get a clear perspective； 其
中way就是to broaden their horizons，目的是get a clear perspective；

句群二：taking off may be the best way to gain this；其中way是指 taking
a year off，目的是students with such a perspective are the most effective
and motivated ones
品读剑桥B4T4 (1)
(2009-09-12 14:46:00)
In many countries schools have severe problems with student behaviour.
What do you think are the causes of this?
What solutions can you suggest?
Give reasons for your answers and include any relevant examples from your
own knowledge or experience.
Poor student behaviour seems to be an increasingly widespread problem and
I think that modern lifestyles are probably responsible for this.
In many countries, the birth rate is decreasing so that families are
smaller with fewer children. These children are often spoilt, not in terms
of love and attention because working patients do not have the time for
this, but in more material ways. They are allowed to have whatever they
want, regardless of price, and to behave as they please. This means that
the children grow up without consideration for others and without any
understanding of where their standard of living comes from.
When they get school age they have not learnt any self control or
discipline. They have less respect for their teachers and refuse to obey
school rules in the way that their parents did.
Teachers continually complain about this problem and measures should be
taken to combat the situation. But I think the solution to the problem
lies with the families, who need to be more aware of the future
consequences of spoiling their children. If they could raise them to be
considerate of others and to be social, responsible individuals, the whole
community would benefit.
Perhaps parenting classes are needed to help them to do this, and high
quality nursery schools could be established that would support families
more in terms of raising the next generation. The government should fund
this kind of parental support, because this is no longer a problem for
individual families, but for society as a whole.
题目
In many countries schools have severe problems with student behaviour.
What do you think are the causes of this?
What solutions can you suggest?
第一段
Poor student behaviour seems to be an increasingly widespread problem and
I think that modern lifestyles are probably responsible for this.
介绍背景，并且以I think来指出modern lifestyles是其原因
第二段

In many countries, the birth rate is decreasing so that families are
smaller with fewer children.
就首段提到的modern lifestyle做进一步说明，fewer children
These children are often spoilt, not in terms of love and attention because
working patients do not have the time for this, but in more material ways.
They are allowed to have whatever they want, regardless of price, and to
behave as they please.
These children are often spoilt原因是fewer children,
not„but指出了spoilt的表现，they are allowed to„, ant to„.则是就in
more material ways的进一步说明
regardless of [prep] 不管，不顾，表强调
behave as they please 中as [cnj] 表方式，如When at Rome do as the Romans
do.
This means that the children grow up without consideration for others and
without any understanding of where their standard of living comes from.
This means that表示spoilt的结果
without„and without... 介词短语表示伴随状况
第三段
When they get school age they have not learnt any self control or
discipline. They have less respect for their teachers and refuse to obey
school rules in the way that their parents did.
继续说明spoilt的后果，have not learnt any self control or discipline;
have less respect for teachers; refuse to obey school rules
in the way their parents did 方式状语从句，“像他们父母那样遵守学校纪
律”，in the way等同于上面的as they please中的as
第四段
Teachers continually complain about this problem and measures should be
taken to combat the situation.
this promblem连接了上段，measures should be taken引出了下面的措施
But I think the solution to the problem lies with the families, who need
to be more aware of the future consequences of spoiling their children.
The solution to the problem lies with sth其中的lie表存在，最常用的是
lie in sth, 过去时lay，过去分词lain, 如 The cure for stress lies in
learning to relax.
If they could raise them to be considerate of others and to be social,
responsible individuals, the whole community would benefit.
这是句虚拟语气，表示与现在情况相反的情况。
considerate [adj] 体贴的，举例
a considerate person;
It is considerate of you to do sth;
You are considerate towards sb
第五段
Perhaps parenting classes are needed to help them to do this, and high
quality nursery schools could be established that would support families

more in terms of raising the next generation. The government should fund
this kind of parental support, because this is no longer a problem for
individual families, but for society as a whole.
本段指出了其他solutions: parenting classes （孩子教育培训班）；nursery
schools (幼儿园)；government (政府)
注意表示建议时为非真实的情况，因此用虚拟语气
还原作者写作流程：
审题：
典型的cause 和solution的题，像这 样简单明了的题也会越来越少见了，看看
剑6剑7就知道，题目是越来越晦涩，考官的范文也是越来越飘 逸了，不下一番
功夫还很难把头绪理清楚。今天这种题死活也不会跑偏的，开始写吧。
框架：
第一段：没办法，介绍背景，引入话题是必不可少的，用一个模板句型，“一个
热门话题”an increasingly widespread problem, 其实世界本无模板，用的人
多 了，也变成了模板，所以不要怕用模板，模板是要消化吸收，才会与你的文章
融为一体的。
第 二三段：problem产生的原因，根本原因就是被宠坏了。为什么会宠坏孩子？
因为家庭成员减少（ 中国不是有小皇帝、小公主吗）和父母物质上的满足和关爱
的减少。被宠坏的表现是什么？想要啥就是啥 ，想做啥就做啥。被宠坏的后果是
什么？分两个阶段：孩子成长过程，他们不考虑别人，不理解生活的艰 辛；孩子
入学之后，没学会自我约束，不尊重老师，不遵守学校规则。把宠坏的原因，表
现和后 果谈清楚了，也就充实了。
第四段：提出solution, 既然是父母宠坏的，那么根本解决办法 还是落在父母
的身上，他们应当更加意识到宠坏孩子的严重后果。为了表示对这个意思的强调，
又搬出了虚拟语气（这次是假设的肯定情况，并非否定），如果父母培养孩子成
为一个仁爱、负责任的个 人，整个社会都会受益。（其实按我的死老筋，用个否
定虚拟条件句也未尝不可，就是“如果父母不担负 起首要责任，把孩子培养成一
个仁爱、负有责任的人，任何其他的努力和措施都不可能奏效。”） 第五段：谈完了首要解决方案，还提出点其他的解决方案，如开办育儿辅导班，
建立高质量的幼儿园 ，当然任何情况都少不了政府，政府得需要资助这些行为（如
小布什总统提出的那个“一个也不少的计划 ”等等）。
遣词造句：
注意在提出解决方案虚拟语气的使用，也就是would, 因为解决方案是一个假设
情况。
假如是我？
原因：还是那一条，生活方式的改变， 具体来说如母亲上班而不在家里照顾孩子
带来的（这确实是西方国家从二次世界大战以来的一个重要趋势 ，以前传统妇女
的观念是妇女上大学是为了更好教育孩子，看来西方的家庭妇女也不好当），孩
子在性格养成的重要的阶段（有科学研究是4岁以前）没有人照顾，而双职工家
庭带来经济的好转，使父 母一味的在物质上满足孩子，孩子们养成了物质上的奢
侈，而且由于获得了很多新的礼物，如sony的 playstation, 获得了notebook
computer和internet access，这些内容有很多负面的影响，如暴力、色情等。
解决方案：我们不能一味强调回归传统 的生活方式，而是在现有的基础上进行改
进，如有的公司在公司设立托儿机构，让妈妈带4岁以下孩子上 班，并且可以每

天留出一些时间让妈妈与孩子玩啥；或者在办公室电脑装上摄像头，可以 在某些
时段与家里的孩子通话；学校多组织一些课外活动，培养孩子健康的生活方式。
（这些不 是我编的，好像是记得看过USA TODAY这个杂志的一系列介绍，“阅读
使人充实”，培根的这句 名言还是蛮有道理的，多阅读开阔了我们的思路）。
品读剑桥B3T3 (1)
In many countries children are engaged in some kind of paid work. Some
people regard this as completely wrong, while others consider it as
valuable work experience, important for learning and taking
responsibility.
What are your opinions on this?
You should use your own ideas, knowledge and experience and support our
arguments with examples and relevant evidence.
The issue of children doing paid work is a complex and sensitive one. It
is difficult to say who has the right to judge whether children working
is ‘wrong’ or ‘valuable’. Opinions will also differ as to ‘learning’
benefits; no doubt teachers and factory owner, for example, would have
varying concerns.
An important consideration is the kind of work undertaken. Young children
doing arduous and repetitive tasks on a factory production line, for
example, are less likely to be ‘learning’ than older children helping
in an old people’s home. There are health and safety issues to be
considered as well. It is an unfortunate fact that many employers may
prefer to use the services of children simply to save money by paying them
less than adults and it is this type of exploitation that should be
discouraged.
However, in many countries children work because their families need
the additional income, no matter how small. This was certainly the case
in the past in many industrialized countries, and it is very difficult
to judge that it is wrong for children today to contribute to the family
income in this way.
Nevertheless, in better economic circumstances, few parents would choose
to send their children out to full-time paid work. If learning
responsibilities and work experience are considered to be important, then
children can acquire these by having light, part-time paid work or even
doing tasks such as helping their parents around the family home, which
are unpaid, the undoubtedly of value in children’s development.
题目
In many countries children are engaged in some kind of paid work. Some
people regard this as completely wrong, while others consider it as
valuable work experience, important for learning and taking
responsibility.
What are your opinions on this?

这是标准的辩论题目，文章必须包含三个内容，正方看法、方法看法和作者 本人
观点，但是如何组织这三种看法却可以不拘一格，只有三个内容都谈到了，而且
逻辑很清晰 ，也就可以了。注意了，题目的工作是paid work, 不包括unpaid work,
比如volunteer work
第一段
The issue of children doing paid work is a complex and sensitive one.
一上来就指出了“The issue is a complex and sensitive one”,也就是这个
问题controversial (有争议)

It is difficult to say who has the right to judge whether children working
is ‘wrong’ or ‘valuable’. Opinions will also differ as to ‘learning’
benefits; no doubt teachers and factory owner, for example, would have
varying concerns.
注意两个问题有争议的表述，这是两个万能句型，切记
It is difficult to say who has the right to judge whether„
Opinion will differ as to sth
for example文章在首段就用了举例，使说理具体化
第二段
An important consideration is the kind of work undertaken. Young children
doing arduous and repetitive tasks on a factory production line, for
example, are less likely to be ‘learning’ than older children helping
in an old people’s home.
第一个关注点，工作种类“the kind of work”，然后举例具体化
比较句型，A is less likely to do sth than B, 比较句型作者最重要是弄清
楚比较对象和比较特征，如这句：
比较对象：young children doing arduous and repetitive tasks; older people
helping in an old people’s home, 现在分词短语作定语，表工作种类
比较特征：be learning，也就是学习价值
再 强调一下，比较句型（雅思图表作文更常用）在动笔之前必须考虑清楚比较对
象和比较特征，用动笔，否 则必错，切记切记
There are health and safety issues to be considered as well.
第二个关注点，health and safety issues（健康和安全考虑）
It is an unfortunate fact that many employers may prefer to use the
services of children simply to save money by paying them less than adults
and it is this type of exploitation that should be discouraged.
It is an unfortunate fact that引出了第三个关注点，受剥削“this type of
exploitation”
It is this type of exploitation that should be discouraged. 这句是it
is„that的强调句型
分析 many employers may prefer to use the services of children simply to
save money by paying them less than adults 这个句型结构为
many employers may prefer to use the services of children 是主干
simply to save money 是不定式表目的
by paying them less than adults 介词短语表方式，by+ doing sth

第三段
However, in many countries children work because their families need the
additional income, no matter how small.
提出了进行paid work的现实原因，need the additional income
no matter + whowhathowwhich..表示强调，这个成分做评注性句子状语
This was certainly the case in the past in many industrialized countries,
and it is very difficult to judge that it is wrong for children today to
contribute to the family income in this way.
对这个原因的作者看法，过去现在对照来表态：过去in the past, 是 This was
certainly the case (case 事实 reality); 现在today, 作者看法是it is very
difficult to judge that it is wrong, 作者态度还蛮包容的（这要在我国，
这种父母是要被谴责的）
第四段
Nevertheless, in better economic circumstances, few parents would choose
to send their children out to full-time paid work.
还不出现作者的看法就来不及了，终于出来了，不过要是加点in my opinion
做标 记就显眼点，别人都加，你不加，说不定跟你来个“观点不明确”，你就只
好仰天长啸了
注意作者用了would这个词，虚拟语气表假设状态或客气，看来虚拟语气也遍地
开花了
If learning responsibilities and work experience are considered to be
important, then children can acquire these by having light, part-time paid
work or even doing tasks such as helping their parents around the family
home, which are unpaid, the undoubtedly of value in children’s
development.
说白了，作者就是不同意full-time paid work。这句话意思很简单，句型很复
杂，意思就是“做unpaid work或part- time paid job 的有些工作更有意义”，
by having paid work or doing tasks是方式状语修饰acquire these, such as,
which 是修饰tasks，
可见句子分析（尤其是复杂句子）一定要把句子看成是具有 层次关系的二维结构，
把握各部分之间的相互联系，谁修饰谁，这样才能搞定他们，写复杂句子就是把< br>这个过程倒过来，自己在纸上先画出二维结果，弄清楚各部分之间关系，再动笔
写，否则“你所表 达的就不是你要表达的，即 What you write down is not what
you want to express”
品读剑桥B3T3 (3)
还原作者写作流程？
审题
看到这个题，好熟悉啊，两派观点，再谈自己的观点，开始吧。
框架：
第一段：上来就指出这是个有争议的问题（a complex and sensitive one ）,
按传统的写法，我们应当说“有人支持，有人反对”，太俗了，一点也不出彩，
有有争议的 表现可以多种分类方式：观点持有人（支持者，反对者）；子观点（本
文中人对于如何定义工作有利还是 有害，学习的好处）。因为有争议问题大部分

情况下可以分为很多方面，但注意这很可能 与主体段有雷同，意思雷同不要紧，
关键是遣词造句要有区别。
第二段：把问题分为很多方面，如工作种类（the kind of work）, 健康安全问
题（health and safety issues）,剥削问题（exploitation）
第三段：继续写paid work的经济目的“补贴家用”，又分为过去和现在来解释
第四段：摆明我的看法，full- time paid work是不合适的，但可以做一些
part-time jobs或者是unpaid work
如果是我？
我们写文章最头疼的是无话可说，其实 任何问题，我们在审题构思的时候就要从
不同的角度来看待这个问题，采用不同的分类标准，如paid work，
按涉及到的人（专业名词叫“利益相关各方”）就包括孩子、家长、老师、雇主、
社会等； < br>按照人的动机而言积极的如培养独立能力、获取知识，还有经济的家长为补贴家
用，小孩为零花钱 ，雇主为了降低成本
按工作性质分有创造性的，还有重复的、体力的劳动
按工作长度分有全职的、兼职的
按劳动条件分有安全的、不安全的
按结果来分好的 ，如获取了一定能力，更有坏的，如染上坏习惯（乱花钱，沾染
毒品，逃学），影响身体健康
然后把这些因素搭配起来，就有话可说了，如这里谈他的坏处，虽然都想获取知
识，但是结果却是染上坏 习惯，这儿还可以加点染上坏习惯的原因（如孩子判断
力低），平时从不同角度考虑问题，然后能将这些 繁多的因素非常逻辑的表现出
来，这是对思维的训练和考验，这就是常说的思辨能力（critical thinking）。