英皇乐理1~5级演奏指示Performance Directions
卖火柴的小女孩读后感-大队辅导员工作总结
演奏指示
Performance Directions
一级：
（一）演奏术语
逐渐加快
慢(舒适)
稍快
accelerandoaccel. gradually getting
quicker
Adagio
slow(at ease )
Allegretto
fairly quick
allegro
andante
cantabile
crescendocresc.
da capoD.C.
dal segnoD.S.
decrescendodecresc.
dimimmndodim.
fine
( =forte )
(=fortissimo)
legato
lento
mezzo
(=mezzo forte )
( =mezzo piano )
moderato
p(=piano)
pp(=pianissimo)
poco
rallentandorall.
.
( but not as quick
as allegro )
quick( cheerful )
at a walking pace
in a
singing style
gradually
getting louder
repeat from the
beginning
repeat from the sign
becoming gradually softer
becoming gradually softer
the end
loud
very loud
smoothly
slow
half( moderately )
moderately loud
moderately quiet
moderately
( allegro
moderato moderately quick )
quiet
very
quiet
a little , slightly
gradually
getting slower
gradually getting slower
(但不及allegro快)
快(欢乐)，快板
如行走般的速度
如歌唱似的风格
渐强
从头再奏
回到记号“”处再奏
渐弱
渐弱
结束处
强，响亮
很强
圆滑地
慢
一半(适中)
中强
中弱
中速
( allegro
moderato:适中的快板)
弱
很弱
少许，稍
渐慢
渐慢
ritenutoriten.
staccatostate.
tempo
（二）演奏符号
held back ( immediately
slowing down )
detached
speed，time
( a
tempo : in time )
gradually getting
louder
(=crescendo)
gradually getting
quieter
(=diminuendodecrescendo)
detached(=staccato )
accent
pause on the note (or rest)
( =fermata )
repeat marks: at the second sign，
repeat the music from the first sign(if
the first sign is left out, repeat from the
beginning )
tie: a curved line
joining two notes of
the same pitch into a
single sustained
sound
slur: perform
the notes smoothly
( a curved line over or
under two or
more different notes )
突然慢(立即放慢)
断音，断奏
速度，时间
(a
tempo:回复到原来的速度)
渐强(=crescendo)
渐弱（=diminuendodecrescendo)
断音，断奏(=staccato )
重音
延长号。将音符(或休止符)的时
值延长(=fermata )
反复记号。在第二个记号处，
音乐从第一个记号处开始重
复(如乐曲没有第一个记号，
音乐是从乐曲的开始处重复)
连线:将两个有相同音高的音
连结成一个音的弧线
连线:圆滑地演奏各音(置于两
个或一组音符的上方或下方
的弧线)
octave ( =ottava )
perform
an octave higher
( written over a note or
notes )
perform an octave lower
(
written under a note or notes)
76
crotchet beats in a minute
( short for
Maelzel' s Metronome )
八度(=ottava)
升高一个八度演奏
(写在一个或多个音符的上方)
降低一个八度演奏
(写在一个或多个音符的下方)
每分钟奏76个四分音符
(M.M.是Maelzel’s Metronome
(拍节机)的简称
二级：
（一）演奏术语
a
al, alla
allargando
andantino
assai
con , col
dolce
e,ed
espressivo
(.)
(=fortepiano)
giocoso
grave
grazioso
larghetto
largo
ma
maestoso
meno
molto
mosso
in the style of, for, at, with,in
a
cappella: in the style of chapel
a due : for
two performers
a piacere : at pleasure
a
puma d' arco : with the point of the bow
a
tempo in time
in the manner of, to the
(
alla marcia : in the style of a march )
broadening(getting slower and louder)
slightly faster than andante
very(allegro
assai : very quick )
with
soft, sweet
and
expressive
first loudly, then
immediately soft
playful , merry
solemn,very slow
graceful
quite
slow(but not as slow as largo)
slow, stately
but
majestic
less
much , very
moved
( meno mosso : less moved )
以„„风格、由、按照、用、按
a cappella:以(无伴奏的)教堂风格演奏
a due:由两位表演者演奏(唱)
a piacere:按照表演者的与之所至地处理
a puma d'arco:用弓尖演奏
a tempo:按原来的速度
以„„风格，至
( alla marcia:进行曲风格)
宽广的(渐慢及渐强)
比行板(andante )稍快
非常，很(allegro assai:很快)
用，含有
温柔地，甜蜜地
和，以及
有表情地
先强然后立即转弱
嬉戏的，快乐的
严肃的，极缓慢的
优雅的
颇慢的，(但比广板largo稍快)
慢的，庄严的
但是
华贵的，堂皇的
少些
十分，很
活动的
( meno
mosso:稍慢)
moto
non
presto
senza
(=sforzandosforzato
)
similesim.
sostenuto
tenuto
troppo
vivace , vwo
（二）演奏符号
movement
( con moto :
with movement )
not
more
(faster than
allegro)
without
accented,forced
in the same way
sustained
held
too
much
( non troppo : not too much )
lively
, quick
the note should be held for its
full time-value ,
and generally slightly
detached(=tenuto)
the note should be
played as short as possible
and perhaps
accented too
( =staccatissimo)
accented
stronger accent(usually
stronger than> )
the notes should be
slightly separated
(=mezzo-staccatosemi-
staccato )
活动
( con moto:稍快)
不是
更多地
快(比快板allegro更快)
没有，去除
重音，加强地
( =sforzandosforzato )
如前的方式演奏
持续的
保持(要奏足该音的时值)
太多
( non troppo:不太多)
有生气的，轻快的
要奏足该音符的时值，各音之
间稍间歇(=tenuto)
短断音，发音比一般断音更短
促，有时还有重音的意思
( =staccatissimo)
重音
强重音(力度通常比>更强)
半断音，即音符需要略微断开
(=mezzo-staccatosemi-staccato)
三级：
演奏术语
adagietto
ad
libitum,ad lib.
agitato
alla breve
.
amore
anima
animato
ben
brio
comodo
deciso
delicato
energico
forza
largamente
leggiero
marcato . marc..
marziale
mesto
pesante
prima, primo
risoluto
ritmico
rubato ,
tempo
rubato
rather slow(but faster than
adagio)
optional or at will
agitated
with each beat as a minim( or
instead
of )
love ( amoroso : loving )
soul,
spirit(con anima: with feeling
spirited )
animated , lively( animando : becoming
more lively )
well
vigour(con brio :
with vigour, lively )
convenient(tempo
comodo:at a tom-
fortable speed )
with
determination
delicate
energetic
force
broadly
light
marked,accented
martial , war-like
sad
heavy
first
bold, strong
rhythmically
with some
freedom of time
稍慢(但比adagio略快)
随意处理
激动地
以二分音符作为一拍(以 或
代替 )
爱情(amoroso:富于爱意地)
心灵、精神(con anima:有感情
地生气勃勃地)
活泼地(animando:更加活泼地)
很好
活力(con brio:有活力地)
舒适的(tempo comodo:舒适的
速度)
决断、有决心地
优美的、精致的
富于精力的
力量
广阔地
轻、轻巧的
强调、有力地
勇敢的、尚武的
忧伤的
强力的
第一
勇敢、刚强的
富于节奏感地
自由的速度
scherzando,scherzoso
seconda,secondo
semplice
sempre
stringendfl
subito
tanto
tranquillo
triste ,tristamente
volta
playful,joking
second
simple , plain
always
gradually getting faster
suddenly
so much
calm
sad ,
sorrowful
time(prama volta:first time;
seconda volta: second time)
幽默、诙谐的
第二
简单、朴素的
持续地
逐渐加快速度
突然地
许多、太多
平静的
忧伤、悲痛的
次、遍(prima volta:第一次;
seconda volta:第二次)
四级：
(一)音乐术语和符号Musical terms and signs
只用于某些特定乐器上的术语和符号。
1.用于弦乐器和铜管乐器上的演奏提示
with mutes
without mutes
加上弱音器
除去弱音器
con sordini,con sord.
senza sordini，senza sord.
2.用于弦乐器上的演奏提示
arco
pizzicato, pizz.
sul G
sul
ponticello
3.用于钢琴的演奏提示
una corda (
u.c.)
tre corde(t.c.)
mano
mano destra(m.d.)
mano sinistra (
m.s.)
(二)意大利文术语
affettuoso
affrettando
play with the bow(a direction
after pizzicato )
down bow
up bow
a slur over or under two or more
notes
meaning that they are to be
played with one
stroke of the bow
plucked
on the G string
near the bridge
( literally : one
string )press the left
( soft ) pedal
(
literally : three strings )release the
left(
soft )pedal
press...release the right
(
sustaining ) pedal
hand
right hand
left hand
spread the notes of a chord
quickly,
starting from the bottom note
affectionate,with tenderness
hurrying
用弓拉奏(在pizzicat。之后所
用的指示)
下弓
上弓
在音符上面或下面的弧线，表
示那些音符要以一弓拉完
拨弦
在G弦上
在靠近琴马的位置处演奏
(直泽:一根弦)踏下左边(弱音)
踏板
(直译:三根弦)放开芍立(弱音)
踏板
踏下„„放开右边(延音)踏板
手
右手
左手
由最低的音开始，快速地先后
奏出和弦中各音
富于感情的，温柔的
加快的
amabile
appassionato
calando
cantando
come
come prima
come sopra
facile
fuoco
giusto
I’ istesso
I’ istesso
tempo
morendo
niente
nobilmente
perdendosi
possibile
quasi
sonoro
sopra
sotto
sotto voce
veloce
voce
(三)法文术语
amiable , pleasant
亲切的，令人愉快的
with
passion
充满激情地
becoming softer and slower
渐弱及渐慢
singing
如歌的
as , similar to
好像，如同
as before
跟前面一样
as above
跟上面一样
easy
容易
fire
火热
proper,
适当的、准确的
tempo giusto : in
strict time
tempo giusto:以严谨的速度
the same
同样的
at the same speed、 以同样速度
dying
away
逐渐减弱
nothing
没有什么
nobly
高贵地
dying away
逐渐减弱
possible
尽可能地
presto possibile : as fast as
possible
presto possibile:尽可能快地
as if ,
almost
好像
sonorous,resonant
响亮的，洪亮的
above
在上面
below
在下面
in an
undertone
以轻声
swift
迅速的
voice
声音;声部
五级：
attacca
dolente
dolore
doppio movimento
estinto
incalzando
lacrimoso
loco
lunga
lusingando
misura
ossia
piacevole
piangevole
pochettinopoch.
rinforzandorfrfz
segue
smorzandosmorz.
teneramente
tenerezza
tosto
volante
(二)德文音乐术语
go
straight on immediately without a
pause
sad , mdurnful
grief,sorrow
doloroso :
sorrowful
double the speed, twice as fast
as soft as possible,extinct
getting
quicker, urging
sad , tearful
return to
the normal pitch(used to
cancel an 8va
direction )
long，lengthy
lunga pansa: long
rest
in a tender, coaxing mannr
measure
alla misura: in strictly measured time
senza misura: in free time
or,
alternatively( often used to indicate
an
easier version of a difficult passage)
pleasant
sad , plaintive
rather
little, very little indeed
reinforcing,
emphasizing
follow., go straight on
dying
away in tone and speed
tenderly
tenderness
quick , rapid,
flying, fast
紧接。不停顿地接着演奏下去
伤心的，悲痛的
悲伤，悲哀
悲痛的
快一倍，加倍快
尽可能地弱，熄灭
渐快并渐强
悲伤的，哭泣的
回复原来音高(用以取消8va
指示)
长的.漫长的
长休止
温柔的，妩媚的
节拍
严守节拍
自由节拍
或，另外的方法(通常指另一个
较容易的演奏法)
愉快的
伤心的，悲痛的
确实很少
加强，强调
紧接，继续下去
音量和速度都逐渐消失
温柔地
温柔
快的，迅速的
飞快的