失眠的5种类型
林清玄桃花心木-中国十八大召开时间
Insomnia breakthrough: Scientists identify
5 types
失眠研究的突破：科学家确定5种类型的失眠
There are
five types of insomnia, each with its own distinct
features, according to a recent study.
最新研究表明，失眠有5种类型，每一种均具有自身显著的特征。
Scientists
at the Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience
studied thousands of people who had
voluntarily signed up to an online sleep
registry.
荷兰神经科学研究所的科学家通过在线注册睡眠登记研究了数千名志愿者。
They concluded that insomnia has five subtypes
that differ by personality traits, risk for
depression, brain activity, and response to
treatment.
他们得出结论，失眠有五种亚型，这些亚型因人格特征，抑郁风险，大脑活动和
对治疗的反
应而不同。
The team suggests that the
findings will likely speed up research on insomnia
and lead to better,
more personalized
treatments.
该团队表示，这些研究结果可能会加快对失眠的研究，并带来更好，更个性化的治疗方法。
The Lancet Psychiatry journal has now
published a paper on the study.
《柳叶刀精神病学》杂志现已发表一篇关于这项研究的论文。
we have always
considered insomnia to be one disorder,says Tessa
Blanken of the
Department of Sleep and
Cognition,
睡眠与认知系的Tessa
Blanken说，“虽然我们一直认为失眠是一种疾病，它实际上代表了五
种不同的疾病。”
She likens progress in insomnia research to
that of dementia, which has uncovered subtypes
with
marked differences in underlying brain
mechanisms.
她将失眠症研究的进展比作痴呆症的进展，痴呆症已经发现了潜在的脑机制明显不同的亚型。
Dementia research progressed much faster after
scientists identified its various types, which
include Alzheimer's disease, frontal temporal
dementia, and vascular dementia.
科学家们在确定了痴呆的不同
类型的，痴呆研究进展也得更快。其中包括阿尔茨海默病，额
颞叶痴呆和血管性痴呆。
Insomnia and consequences
失眠及其影响
Insomnia is one of the
symptoms include
insufficient and poor-quality sleep and finding it
difficult to fall and stay
asleep.
失眠是“最常见的抱怨（主诉症状）”之一。
主要症状包括睡眠不足和睡眠质量差，发现难
以入睡并维持睡眠状态。
Individuals with insomnia often experience
considerable distress and disruption of daily
functioning.
患有失眠症的人经常遭受相当大的痛苦和日常功能的破坏。
They rarely wake up feeling refreshed and
often feel sleepy and tired for the rest of the
day. They
can also feel depressed, anxious,
and irritable.
他们很少醒来后感觉精神焕发，经常在日间感到困倦和疲倦。他们也会
感到情绪低落，焦虑
和易激惹。
The condition thwarts
efforts to do well at work and school, as it
undermines a person's ability to
focus, pay
attention, remember, and learn.
这种状态影响人的专注，注意，记忆和学习的能力，降低了工作和学习效率。
Acute, or short-term, insomnia lasts
for a few days or weeks. This often results from
traumatic
events or pressure from family and
work situations. Other people have the ongoing or
chronic
form of insomnia that lasts for months
and longer.
急性或短期失眠一般持续数天或数周。这通常是由创伤事件或来自家庭和工作
环境的压力造
成的。而持续或慢性失眠症患者，失眠常持续数月或更长时间。
While
scientists have attempted to study the brain
mechanisms of insomnia, their findings have
been mostly inconsistent.
虽然科学家们试图研究失眠的大脑机制，但他们的研究结果大多不一致。
There is
a similar pattern with treatment effectiveness: it
works for some, but not for others.
Blanken and her colleagues suggest that this
lack of consistency could be because
this
disease remain unrecognized.
5 types of
insomnia
So, the researchers decided to
investigate further with a study in three parts.
First, they analyzed the results of up to
34 different questionnaires that 4,322 volunteers
in the
Netherlands Sleep Registry had filled
in.
The questionnaires measured
personality traits that scientists have linked to
differences in brain
function and structure.
Using a method called class analyseson
the questionnaire data, the researchers
identified five types of insomnia, as follows:
Type 1
Type 2 distressed but
reward-sensitiveScores indicate that responses to
Type 3
Type 4
life events.
Type
5
They then confirmed their findings in the
second part of the study by evaluating a
non-
overlapping cohortof 251 volunteers that they had
recruited from new members of the
sleep
registry.
Finally, 5 years later, in the
third part of the study, the team re-evaluated 215
volunteers from the
first sample.
These results revealed that individuals had
mostly conserved their type of insomnia from 5
years
earlier
Other differences among
types of insomnia
Further examination also
uncovered other measurable differences in the five
types of insomnia.
For example,
electroencephalograms revealed distinct
differences in brain responses to external
stimuli. This strengthens the idea that brain
research might reveal some underlying mechanisms.
The researchers also found that the
insomnia types they identified differed in their
responses to
treatment with drugs and
cognitive behavioral therapy.
Also, the
risk of developing depression varied widely among
the insomnia types. The risk
to five times
different between groups,
The researchers
have already begun to investigate ways to prevent
depression in people with the
type of insomnia
that carries the highest risk.
They were
surprised that the types did not vary on symptom-
related factors, such as difficulty
getting to
sleep as against early waking.
They
suggest that earlier studies that have tried to
identify insomnia types may have failed
because they focused too much on such
symptoms.