上海市工商局-坚强的名言警句

Unit 1 Human Reflections
Before Reading Activities
1. Fill in the blanks with the words you hear.
(1) crush; (2) lifetime; (3) deceive; (4) smile; (5) right; (6) grateful; (7) arrives;
(8) assurance; (9) return; (10) content
Ⅱ. Language Focus
Vocabulary
Part A
1. stranded; 2. emeritus; 3. erode; 4. wondrous; 5. yearning;
6. shackled; 7. salvation; 8. nibble; 9. imperfection; 10. erupt
Part B
1. B 2. C 3. A 4. D 5. A 6. B 7. C 8. A 9. D 10. B
Bank-Cloze
(1) bored; (2) affiliate; (3) conducted; (4) valid; (5) ranging
(6) fulfilling; (7) revealed; (8) tended; (9) Pressure; (10) tough
Translation
Part A
1. For some, marriage is the grave of love, while for others, marriage is an effective salvation for
those who lead a solitary life.
2. Blessed with a great historical responsibility, the Conference is destined to have far-reaching
impact on the development of the organization.
3. All of these show people’s yearning for a better life, so they have been carried forward
generation after generation.
4. If Congress approved the bill now, the president warned, the fragile peace process that he is
trying to keep could fall apart.
5. The couple must be tolerant of the little imperfections in each other’s character, otherwise
their marriage may end up in divorce.
Part B
爱情是一部电话机，渴望它响起时，它却总是悄无声息；不 经心留意时，它又叮铃铃地响起。因此，
我们经常错过另一端传来的温馨的甜蜜。爱情这部电话机通常不 是程控的，也不是直拨的。并非纯粹说声
“喂”便可立即得到回音，更不是一个电话就能深深打动你爱人 的心。它通常需要人工转换，你得耐心等待。
命运是这部电话的接线员，她总是缺乏责任心，又爱搞恶作 剧，或许有意无意地捉弄你一生。
Writing Project
Task One
1. James repeatedly failed the math quizzes, so he decided to drop the course.
2. After we turned all the lights off, we locked the office door. Before we locked the office door,
we turned all the lights off.
3. The concept that disposable plastic bags cause great environmental problems is taking root

among the public.
4. I have no idea when(或that) she will be back.
5. The power went off for an hour during the night, so all the clocks in the house must be reset.
6. Most Americans love Chinese food, which is cooked in a different way from western food.
7. The house which stands on top of the hill was built last year.
8. I know the school where my nephew is learning English.
9. Whenever you tell a lie, you do so at the expense of your reputation.
10. It has been three years since I moved into this apartment.
Further Reading
Reading Comprehension
1. Because Whitman had experienced hardships in life. He knew what life was but still held onto
the belief that where there is life, there is beauty.
2. To most of us, life has its bright side as well as dark side. Sometimes, life is full of hope, but
there are moments when we are deserted by it.
3. Everyone in life has moments of joy.
4. Because grumbling denies the existence of wonderful moments in life.
5. The Beauty of Life means different things to different people. Everyone has his own definition
of the Beauty of Life. As long as we are cheerful and courageous, we average men can also find
it everywhere in life.

Unit 2 Economic Society
Before Reading Activities
1. Fill in the blanks with the words you hear.
(1) staff; (2) comprehensive; (3) marketing; (4) packaging; (5) trends;
(6) processes; (7) extending; (8) forecast; (9) sources; (10) access
Ⅱ. Language Focus
Vocabulary
Part A
1. volatile； 2. magnitude； 3. contingency； 4. disproportionate； 5. confluence；
6. eclipse； 7. anomaly； 8. scrutinize； 9. simultaneously； 10. lull
Part B
1. B 2. A 3. B 4. D 5. B 6. D 7. C 8. D 9. C 10. A
Bank-Cloze
(1) loyal; (2) hinder; (3) recession; (4) disproportionally; (5) spending
(6) eliminate; (7) slightly; (8) integrity; (9) accessible; (10) lure
Translation
Part A
1. Let’s capitalize on our heritage by raising the level of proficiency in the usage of the Chinese

language for the love of the culture and art.
2. The study shows that the nervous system can be likened to a telephone exchange.
3. After executives probe for gaps in the market, the companies should pull other resources in
their wake.
4. A qualified CEO should understand various economic policies as well as optimal allocation of
resources.
5. My father drove buses for several years after the demise of the streetcar in Washington and
retired in 1973.
Part B
如果世界正走向地狱， 你应该买进什么呢？当报纸的头条充斥着关于信贷危机的报道，一家又一家大
银行面临着破产威胁，这是 所有投资者需要考虑的问题。这很大程度上取决于你认为大灾难会以什么样的
形式到来。过去数周来，投 资者开始蜂拥购买美国长期国库券，想依赖美国政府无可责难的信用。但是随
着美元几乎每天都在下跌， 在外国投资者眼中，美国政府已经变得像理查德·尼克松一样应该受到指责，他
们可能得到的回报是一堆 贬值的纸片儿。另外，像一些观察家所估计的那样，如果美联储急着救市，对通
货膨胀不闻不问，那么美 国国内的投资者也许会认为国库券3.4%的10年期利率（2008年3月18日起）
没有任何吸引力 。
Writing Project
Task One
Paragraph 1: Sentence 4
Paragraph 2: Sentence 3
Paragraph 3: Sentence 3
Further Reading
Reading Comprehension
1. Firstly, a lack of anything new or exciting at the mall; secondly, a limited selection of
restaurants; thirdly, too many of the stores carry the same merchandise; fourthly, shoppers
experiences trouble in parking their cars.
2. Shoppers were most likely to complain to others about teenage loitering, and the complaint
will lead to a series of bad-mouthing about the mall.
3. Men experience more problems than women, but women are more likely to complain to
others about the problems.
4. When some large anchor department stores close down, there will be some abandoned
spaces and such places are not easily transformed into new uses.
5. Because the malls will look like an abandoned neighborhood with more space in the mall
going dark. It will only worsen the shopping environment and customers will cut down their
visits.

Unit 3 Does Love Make You Sick?
Before Reading Activities

1. Fill in the blanks with the words you hear.
(1). non- medical (2). Symptoms (3). Principal (4). Diagnosis
(5). Advent (6). Similarities (7). self-esteem (8). hangs
(9). Contemplated (10). appetite
Ⅱ. Language Focus
Vocabulary
Part A
1. Genteel 2. Extravagant 3. Manic 4. inexplicable
5. Throes 6. Quotidian 7. Prairie 8. Wryly 9. impetuous
10. gibberish
Part B
1. A 2. D 3. B 4. C 5. A 6. D 7. B 8. C 9. D 10. A
Bank-Cloze
(1). Emergency (2). Rethink (3). Slim (4). Core (5). outlines
(6). Intuitive (7). Signals (8). Junk (9). Tracks (10). wage
Translation
Part A
1. It was inexplicable that she had been subject to a man so mean in mind, so plain in character.
2. The masses of Taiwan compatriots, particularly Taiwan business people, eagerly yearn for the
opening of direct air and shipping services as quickly as possible.
3. Love is a panacea that cures spiritual wounds.
4. Do you think there is any likelihood of his becoming deranged if being deserted again?
5. The famous singer on the stage waited patiently for the applause to die down before she began
to sing.
Part B
夫妻一方患有重病往往会使另一方变成照顾者。虽然许多人认为这一角色是值得一做的，但它其实是
非常 艰苦的，并且对照顾者的健康构成威胁。照顾者患忧郁症是很普遍的。调查显示每星期花九个小时或
更多 时间照顾患病或残疾丈夫的妻子更容易得冠心病，这也许是因为时间的限制和经济负担压得她们喘不
过气 来，也因为她们每天看着自己心爱的人痛苦而备受煎熬。这还不是最糟的情况。扮演照顾者角色的一
方会 经常精神紧张，她们的死亡率比不用照顾病人的对照组高63%。这种风险甚至会在至爱的一方死去之
后 还一直持续。对一对恩爱的夫妻而言，一方会在另一方离开人世后的很短时间里追随而去的情况并不少
见 。一位专家表示你常可以看到人们在失去至爱后的18个月内患上癌症或慢性疾病。当然，已婚的夫妇无
法重新选择。夫妻一方生病或受伤会有许多难关需要度过。身体健康的一方必须认真考虑自己对另一方的
身体病患到底负有怎样的责任义务？开诚布公的交谈，这为心理调整提供了需要的空间，适度的幽默感会
起到决定性作用。
Writing Project
Task One
1. d, i 2. f, b 3. e, c 4. a, g 5. h, j

Further Reading
Reading Comprehension
1. He had gained 80 pounds from eating on the run which caused his obesity, and he had heart
disease, with LDL (bad cholesterol) being too high and HDL (good cholesterol) too low.
2. Because fat cells in the belly do more damage. They release fatty acids and other substances
that travel directly to the liver.
3. Sometimes the doctors are ignorant of women’s heart diseases, and the gold standard test for
people complaining of chest pain is less reliable in women.
4. First, she shouldn’t smoke. Then, she can ask her doctor about a special test called an ABI. If
she finds that she is at risk, she should talk to her doctor about taking a statin.
5. Their purpose is not to push pills for millions of teenagers and kids, but to draw attention to the
rise in juvenile obesity and inform parents of the harm of poor health habits.

Unit 5 Dumped!

Before Reading Activities
1. Fill in the blanks with the words you hear.
(1) scans; (2) dumped; (3) acutely; (4) beloved; (5) activated; (6) mood; (7)
craving; (8) obsession; (9) attachment; (10) deadly
Ⅱ. Language Focus
Vocabulary
Part A
1. courtship; 2. forlorn; 3. wears on; 4. myriad; 5. rekindle;
6. become obsessed with; 7. sever; 8. entice; 9. haunt; 10. storm out
Part B
1. thwart; 2. melancholy; 3. psychiatrist; 4. lethargy; 5. berate;
6. trauma; 7. agonize; 8. rupture; 9. extricate; 10. reconciliation
Bank-Cloze
(1) confirms; (2) steady; (3) chores; (4) stem; (5) biological;
(6) marital; (7) stepchildren; (8) grievance; (9) strain; (10) exert
Translation
Part A
1. While you might want to hole up and be alone, research shows that people cope better with
stress in the presence of others, especially others undergoing similar stress.
2. When our love is rejected, our brain will scale sown their activity of making dopamine.
Consequently, we feel depressed.
3. The President can ask for reconciliation in the racial conflict that divides Americans, but
reconciliation comes only from the hearts of people.

4. These people spent an average of eight years of terror in mental hospital, sustaining
tremendous mental trauma.
5. The explanation involves business, politics and history, and is in many respects a case study
of how these three factors can intertwine with unhealthy consequences in Asia.
Part B
一项最新调查研究显示，和你的伴侣吵上一架有益于身体健康。根据一项跟踪了 192对美国夫妇17
年的调查显示，夫妻两人均压抑自己的愤怒会让他们的死亡率比至少有一方站出来 争吵的夫妇高出一倍。
夫妇两人在一起，一项主要的任务就是和解冲突。关键在于当发生冲突时，如何消 解它？之前的研究已经
表明，压抑愤怒会增加和压力相关的疾病的患病率，比如心脏病和高血压。这项研 究着眼于婚姻中被压抑
的愤怒与其造成的怨恨是如何影响整体死亡率的。这和年龄、吸烟状况、体重、血 压、支气管疾病、呼吸
状况、患心血管疾病的风险都有关系。一位专家和他的同事们用问卷调查的方式来 了解夫妻双方对于那些
自己认为不公平的行为是如何回应的。有26对夫妻双方都会选择压抑愤怒，而剩 下的166对夫妇中至少
有一方会表达自己的愤怒。在夫妻双方均压抑愤怒的家庭中，有一半已经失去了 一方配偶，而在另外的166
对夫妻中，在17年后失去一方配偶的家庭只占26%。调查还显示，压抑 愤怒的夫妇双方均死亡的可能性
竟然高达5倍。但是这位专家告诫道，这个结果仍旧是初步的，并不能作 为一个有代表性的样本反映目前
婚姻关系。
Writing Project
Task One
1. d b e a c; 2. e c a b d f; 3. b e a d c; 4. d b c f a e; 5. Contrast.
Further Reading
Reading Comprehension
1. Yes. Any bad luck befalling was attributed to their decision to have no children.
2. The author cites it to show that our cultural belief that having kids is the key to happiness and
a healthy life is still popular. That’s why Simon received plenty of hate mail.
3. Because in most parents’ opinions, parenthood is supposed to be a blessing from God and if
they say that child rearing makes them feel depressed, it’s blasphemy.
4. On the one hand, the society is different because of the major shifts in employment patterns
and working couples have less support from extended family; on the other hand, parents
today also expect too much from the promise of parenting.
5. Whether having kids will make you happy or not depends on your attitude. Kids can be gifts
from God if you keep looking at the blissful moment they bring or kids can be ruin of your life
if you just keep looking at the troubles and difficulties they cause.

Unit 6 Why So Much Is Beyond Words

Before Reading Activities
1. Fill in the blanks with the words you hear.
(1) obvious; (2) the use of words; (3) non-verbal communication;

(4) sending and receiving; (5) gesture; (6) object communication; (7) voice quality;
(8) Likewise; (9) face-to-face interaction; (10) classified
Ⅱ. Language Focus
Vocabulary
Part A
1. give off; 2. superfluous; 3. manipulate; 4. meander; 5. embrace;
6. garrulous; 7. dizzy; 8. mimic; 9. odor; 10. epoch
Part B
1. primer; 2. dazzling; 3. marvel; 4. commune; 5. overt;
6. quirky; 7. prop; 8. anonymous; 9. duplicitous; 10. Mystical

Bank-Cloze
(1) observations; (2) universal; (3) contract; (4) regardless of; (5) identify;
(6) by and large; (7) set; (8) interpret; (9) imitate; (10) spontaneous
Translation
Part A
1. It is very hard to get across the cultural factors in their communications with local people to
foreign visitors.
2. The method of management in the past time of industry economy is doomed to be
substituted by new digital integration.
3. Ambitious coaches cannot be so foolish as to indulge in sports at the expense of their school
students.
4. Sometimes people can’t communicate successfully with each other just because they fall
short of utilizing appropriate facial expressions and gestures.
5. The warranty does not hold good for any damage to the machine caused by accident or
improper use.
Part B
当美国人在 谈话时，他们期望别人对其所讲的内容有所响应。对他们来说，有礼貌的谈话者应该靠表
现出的惊喜、讨 厌、吃惊或悲哀的表情来与别人进行心灵的沟通。人们会用怀疑的眼光看待将感情隐藏于
毫无表情的、带 着一张“扑克脸”的人。美国人在谈话中也会以扬眉、点头、有礼貌的微笑以及保持适度的
目光接触来表 示他们对谈话者的注意。然而在某些文化中，人们认为直接的凝视是不礼貌或是一种威胁；
美国人则认为 这是真挚诚恳的表现。假如一个人不用正眼看你，美国人可能会觉得你应该对他的动机起疑，
或者假设他 不喜欢你。不过，就对目光接触的关注而言，美国人也认为盯着看人——特别是盯着看陌生人
——是不礼 貌的。
考虑到非言语交际的影响，我们其实从未真正地停止过沟通。我们如何走路、站立、如何使用双 手、
如何举手投足、如何表现情绪等都在向他人传递信息。这也就是为什么像俗语所说的“看一个人就像 读一本
书一样。”假如你读懂了一个人，那么就像在那拥挤房间中的男孩及女孩后来发现的一样，也许一 个爱情故
事由此诞生。

Writing Project
Task One
are 1. Why is Martha and her mother digging a hole in their garden so late at night?
looks 2. Neither of my children look like me.
were 3. Three goats, a potbellied pig, and a duck was among the entrants in the pet
parade.
look 4. The little balls all over my pink sweater looks like woolen goose bumps.
are 5. Here is the low-calorie cola and the double-chocolate cake you ordered.
interferes 6. The odor of those perfumed ads interfere with my enjoyment of a magazine.
is 7. One of my roommates are always leaving wet towels on the bathroom floor.
are 8. A tiny piece of gum and some tape is holding my old glasses together.
begins 9. A man in his forties often begin to think about making a contribution to the
world and not just about himself.
has 10. Each of the child’s thirty-four stuffed animals have a name and an entire life
history.


have 11. The majority has their tickets for the boat ride.
is 12. Tomorrow, a rescue team are expected to arrive at the site of the
crash.
Further Reading
Reading Comprehension
1. The medium refers to the cultural air breathed by a group, in which they interpret history,
define their social identity, and create a system of values.
2. Incorrect understanding of the other side’s behaviors led to the conflict.
3. First of all, culture is always relevant. Besides, the medium changes as the environment
around it changes. Finally, the medium is life-sustaining.
4. We should entertain ideas of doing things in a different way though a medium remains in
constant form. And fortunately contemporary cultures are not a static medium but are
influenced by change and the efforts to create changes.
5. Cultural values and norms contribute to conflict. We can find the common ground among
those on opposite sides of a conflict by exploring cultural values and norms and solve the
conflict by peaceful means.

Unit 7 The Artist’s Life, Creativity

Before Reading Activities
1. Fill in the blanks with the words you hear.
(1) instrument; (2) evolved; (3) mission; (4) express; (5) desires;
(6) self- explanation; (7) cultural; (8) Modernism; (9) sensation; (10) strongest

Ⅱ. Language Focus
Vocabulary
Part A
1. mediocrity； 2. prompting； 3. assuage； 4. downpour； 5. alienation；
6. intrinsic； 7. reasserted； 8. torment； 9. psyche； 10. certitude
Part B
1. A 2. C 3. B 4. B 5. C 6. C 7. A 8. D 9. B 10. D
Bank-Cloze
(1) measure; (2) diminished; (3) beacon; (4) awareness; (5) tragedy
(6) impose; (7) illustrational; (8) inconsequentiality; (9) apparent; (10) demolish
Translation
Part A
1. It’s undeniable that more and more green environmental protection material and clean energy
will be used in our daily life.
2. All artists have experienced the ebb and flow of feelings to greater or lesser degree.
3. Artists are plodding to transform the raw material of reality into a significant artistic vision.
4. The recent study shows that alcoholism often leads to the alienation of family and friends.
5. These teachers made a joint effort to make education in the foreground of public attention.
Part B
每个艺术家心里都清楚他在向公众讲述事情。他不但想把事情说得恰到好处，而且还想标新立异。他
希 望公众愿意倾听并理解。他想去教导他们，并想要他们向他学习。
像画家这样的视觉艺术家想传授的东 西容易看出来，但却难以解释清楚，因为画家把他的种种经历转
化为各种形状和色彩，而不是以言词来表 达。他们似乎觉得从无数的可能性中选定某些形状和色彩对他们
来说是异常有趣的，是值得向人们展示的 。没有他们的作品，我们可能永远不会注意那些特别的形状和色
彩，也永远不会感觉到这些形状和色彩给 艺术家带来的欢愉和喜悦。
大多数画家笔下的形状和色彩均来自于动态或静态的自然界和人体。画家们 对形状和色彩的选择表明
大千世界的这些方方面面是值得凝神看一看的，同时表明它们蕴含着美丽的景致 。
Writing Project
Task One
1. But 2. First of all 3. As 4. But 5. In other words 6. and
7. In fact 8. Since 9. Their 10. If
Further Reading
Reading Comprehension
1. Millet was born in a peasant family. His grandfather and father were both peasants. Nobody in
the family taught him how to paint. He instinctively took up pencil and charcoal and began to
draw.
2. Before Millet, the artists presented peasants in an amusing and ironic way. Peasants are
seldom the main subjects of art. In some works, peasants were presented like fools, or drunk

people. They were better than animals only because they are human-shaped.
3. Millet and his father went to Cherbourg and showed his work to an artist who thought there
was the stuff of a great artist in Millet. So it was determined that Millet should remain at
Cherbourg and start his studies there. And his art education began.
4. This picture represents an epoch in French art, and it proved the turning-point in the artist’s
life. Its success gave him courage, and opened up the path he felt himself destined to pursue.
5. The International Exhibition of 1867 caused a sensation, and Millet was proved to be the most
original painters of his age.

Unit 1 Human Reflections
婚姻为什么会失败
安妮·洛芙

安妮·洛芙是美国女权主义作家，因《主妇狂想曲》、《恩慈》等小说而著名。她的作品探讨了追求家庭 生活与追求事业和自
主之间的冲突，因此很值得一读。

1 如今有太多的婚姻 以离婚而告终，我们最神圣的誓言不再鸣发出真理的回响。“幸福美满”、“至死不渝”这类表达方式似乎越来< br>越不合时宜了。为什么夫妻之间变得如此难以相处呢？究竟什么地方出了差错？我们怎么了以至于几乎一半 的夫妇注定要走向
离婚法庭？我们怎么创造了这样一个社会，竟有42%的儿童要生活在单亲家庭中？如 果统计学能够衡量孤独、后悔、痛苦、自
信心的丧失及对未来的恐惧的话，那么这样的统计数字恐怕将难 以计算。
2 虽然每个破裂的家庭都有其独特的情况，但我们仍然可以发现其共同的危险：即人们 对婚姻感到绝望的共同原因。每个婚
姻都有危机点，每个婚姻都是对耐久力，即对夫妻间亲密及变化的承 受能力的考验。外界的压力如失业、疾病、不孕、孩子的
问题、照料年迈的父母以及生活中的其它麻烦都 冲击着婚姻，就像飓风猛烈袭击海岸一样。有些婚姻在这些暴风雨中得以生存，
而有些却经不住这些风浪 。但是，婚姻失败不纯粹是因为外界天气的影响，更是因为内部气候变得太冷或太热、太动荡不安或
太冷 淡麻木。
3 当我们着眼于我们如何选择伴侣以及在温柔的爱情初期有何期望的时候，某些婚姻失 败的原因就变得相当清晰了。我们都
无意识却又准确地选择一个伴侣，他（她）们会和我们共同创建我们 第一个家的感情模式。威斯康星大学婚姻问题专家及精神
病学荣誉教授卡尔·A·威特克博士解释说：“ 从童年的早期开始，我们每一个人都会具备婚姻、女性的温柔、男子汉气概、为父之
道、为母之道以及家 庭其他成员角色的模式。”我们每个人都会爱上具有自己父母品质的人，来帮助我们重新发现过去生活中的喜怒哀乐。我们或许以为我们找到的人并不像父亲，但是之后我们发现他开始酗酒或吸毒，或者一次又一次地失 去工作或默默地
坐在电视机前，同父亲如出一辙；一个男人可能选择的女人就像他的母亲一样也不喜欢小 孩子或者像母亲一样因为赌博把家里
的积蓄输得精光。或者他选择的苗条妻子看上去并不像他那个肥胖的 母亲，但却发现她有其它不良嗜好，会毁掉他们彼此的幸
福。
4 一个男子和一个女子会 把同父母共同生活的记忆有意识和无意识地带到他们的婚姻生活中。人性的弱点在于不自觉地重复
和再现 以往的生活。西格蒙德·弗洛伊德对这种不幸模式作出了贴切的描述，而我们很多人的婚姻生活都会陷入他所描绘 的不幸
模式之中：孩提时未被满足的需求、以往挫败所遗留的愤恨、信任的不足以及旧时恐惧的再现。一 个人只要察觉到这种困局，
就可能随之产生一种强烈逃避的愿望，结果可能就会导致一场支离破碎的婚姻 。
5 当然，人们能够克服童年时代形成的习惯和态度。我们都具有成长和做出创造性改变的、不 为人所知的力量和惊人的能力。
然而，改变需要做出努力——观察一下你在破碎的婚姻模式中扮演的角色 ，开诚布公地说出症结所在——而这种努力却与婚姻
的基本神话背道而驰：“一旦我和这个人结婚，我所 有的问题都会迎刃而解。我会获得成功，我们彼此都会成为对方生活的中心，
对方也会成为我生活的中心 ，我们将永远成为对方的全部。” 这个每桩婚姻都赖以维系的神话很快暴露出其本来面目。孩子的降
生 和他们对彼此在关爱与时间上的种种努力与要求让“成为对方的全部、彼此结合以及解决生活中所有问题”这个基 本神话有了相
当大的压力。
6 由于金钱而造成的焦虑和紧张状态使夫妻疏远了彼此。对 苛刻的父母应尽的义务或仍需依赖父母使双方关系更加紧张。如
今，夫妻双方还必须应对近来由妇女运动 及性解放带来的所有文化习俗的变化。角色的转换及职责的更替对于许多婚姻来说是
极为严峻的考验。
7 生活中这样和那样的现实问题就像沙暴风化岩石、大海冲刷沙丘一样侵蚀着我们对婚姻幸福的美 好向往。那些伴随着浪漫

爱情的飘飘然的美好感觉实际只是使我们建立起夫妻关系的一个 自我欺骗、自我催眠的美梦。现实生活、工作中的失败、失望、
极度疲惫、难闻的味道、重感冒以及艰难 的时光都会刺破我们的美梦，使我们同伴侣的关系陷入僵局，童年的梦幻使我们踌躇
不前，殷切期盼化为 泡影。
8 在婚姻中努力生存需要适应性、灵活性、挚情真爱和善良体贴，以及感觉另一方感受的 足够丰富的想象力。许多婚姻破裂
就是因为一方无法想象另一方的所需所想，或难以向对方沟通他或她的 需求或感受。怨恨越积越多，直到如同火山一样突然爆
发，将婚姻埋葬于灰烬之中。
9 如果我们察觉到伴侣想与我们亲密无间，我们往往会把他或她推开以保持适当的距离，以免在婚姻的结合中失去自 我。一
方如果像孩子一样太过依赖另一方，那么对方可能会感到窒息。美满的婚姻既意味着夫妻双方共同 的成长，也意味着各自作为
独立个体的成长。但这并不是一件容易的事。理查德放弃了他做木匠活的爱好 ，因为妻子海伦不喜欢他去干活而不能陪着她。
凯伦离开了合唱团，因为丈夫不喜欢她在那儿结交的朋友 。每一对夫妇都相互紧紧依偎在一起，但生活中逐渐出现了各种压力，
他们相互迁怒于对方。一旦一方不 堪忍受脱身离去，婚姻就会被轻易地打破，离婚也就随之而来。
10 婚姻要求双方作出某种牺牲， 但并不是灵魂的极端的自我牺牲，而是某种程度上的妥协。为了婚姻的固有价值，双方不得
不放弃个人的 一些幻想、一些合理的愿望。威特克博士指出：“尽管所有婚姻中的双方时而都会感受到婚姻的束缚，但其实正是 他
们自己选择把婚姻关系要么变成限制自己的锁链，要么是彼此支持的纽带。”婚姻需要性爱、金钱和情 感的自律。男人或女人不能
凭冲动行事，也不能允许自己停止成长或改变。
11 离婚并不 是罪恶的行为。有时它可以把双方从毫无希望、充满了痛苦和不幸的婚姻中拯救出来。离婚，尽管起初会很痛苦，
但它就像是外科手术过程中的第一刀，是迈向崭新的、健康美好生活的第一步。另一方面，如果夫妻双方 能够经历罗曼蒂克神
话的破灭，进入真正的爱情和亲密的发展阶段，他们则完成了如同建成世界上最伟大 的教堂一般的庄严神圣的使命。婚姻没有
失败反而得到改善，尽管不完美却得以延续，这样的婚姻如今不 仅难得一见，它更是为我们展现共同的人性价值提供了一个完
美的庇护所。

Unit 2 Economic Society
积极等待好事到来
唐纳德·萨尔

唐纳德·萨尔是策略与国际管理的管理实践专业教授，他还在伦敦商 业学院负责企业主管的培训。他在该院设计、指导并讲
授为期一周的“特训营”集中课程。其目的是为了 帮助高级主管们在动荡的市场上求生存。

1 在变幻莫测的市场上，—家公司的成败常 常要靠运气。动荡的市场蕴含着机遇，但对于企业管理者而言，机遇出现的时机、
本质以及重要性既无法 预测，也无法控制。市场挑战也是如此。在这个竞争激烈的赌场上，你下了赌注，就会期望出现最好的
结 果。做得好还不如运气好。
2 在过去六年里，我研究了二十多对彼此相似的公司。它们来自于电 信、航空、企业软件等难以预测的行业，并且这些公司
都位于中国和巴西这样的国家。通过比较这些相似 的公司可以看出，在面对同样无法预见的挑战与机会时，它们是如何做出不
同的应对的。
3 我发现，愈是成功的公司就愈幸运。在某种意义上，它们总能更有效地应对监管、技术、竞争、宏观经济或其他不 稳定因
素的突如其来的变化。这种幸运太重要了，容不得一点点浪费。“积极等待”策略彰显在最成功的 公司上。这是在极难预料的市场
上采取的—种策略，要求经营者对既无法充分预知又不能控制的机遇与挑 战进行预测和准备。
4 企业主管有时就如同一艘船的船长，凝望着遥远的地平线，为船只确定航 线。在许多市场上，未来充满迷雾，几乎不可能

看清楚路在何方。例如在电信业，不断变 化的规章、持续的技术变革、Skype之类非传统竞争对手的进入以及消费者偏好的改
变等，都持续带 来一系列不可预见的机遇和威胁。再如，中国的汽车需求就是诸多因素的共同产物，例如可支配收入的增加、政府在基础设施方面的投资、对中产阶级生活日益强烈的渴望、宽松的信贷环境以及雇主不再为职工提供工作 场所附近的住房
等原因。
5 不过，所有的机遇并非均等。在变幻的市场中，企业面临着 不计其数的大大小小的机遇，以及周期性的黄金机会，后者可
以在短期内创造出大大高于所投入资源的价 值。典型的黄金机会包括并购一个大型竞争对手从而获得全球性业务规模，如国民
西敏寺银行的并购；在 中国或印度等新兴市场出现的爆炸性需求，或者是率先推出iPod这样的新产品或服务等。
6 黄金机会只在外部环境同时打开几扇机会之窗时才会出现。想一想中间件──那种连接一个公司各种应用程序的软 件，IBM
和BEA两家公司将之转化成了数十亿美元的业务。当时，同时出现了多种情况，网络促使人 们需要一种软件让公司的各种应用
程序可以相互交流；当时的技术已能够解决这一需求；NCR和Nov ell等早期领军企业被其他市场分散了精力；创业投资资金数
量太小，阻止了许多新兴企业在同一市场 中角逐。
7 在这些情况下，把握时机最为重要。如果IBM和BEA早一、两年进入这个市场， 消费者的需求就不会那么强烈，而技术也
不会那么发达。如果晚几年，手握大量创业投资资金的新进者就 可能已经确立了领导地位。
8 管理者们既不能预测也无法控制黄金机会，但他们可以让公司做好 准备，当某个机遇到来时一把抓住。诀窍不在于当黄金
机会到来时如何英勇地努力，而是在于处于风暴之 间的相对平静期时默默地进行准备。
9 界定轻重缓急：在不可预知的市场中，管理者们往往会采 取无数次的试探行动，推出一系列新措施，试图以此防范各种可
能的意外事件。这是一个重大错误。员工 和管理者淹没于诸多经常互相冲突的“优先事项”中。管理人员试图同时追求的重点太多，
这样既浪费了 资源，也阻碍了跨部门之间的合作。管理者必须严格把关，挑选首先要去实现的少量目标，把其它的合理关注暂< br>时放在一边。同样重要的是，他们必须决定哪些工作应该停止，以便腾出时间、精力和资源来确保真正关键 的目标得以实现。
10 探索未来前景：行事谨慎的管理人员会有意识地采取措施，调查不甚明了的 未来。首先，他们会针对少数方向进行探测，
以拓宽搜寻机会的范围而不是“一条路走到底”。探索性尝 试包括投资于创业公司或与其合作，或展开小规模实验来测试市场。其
次，在探索行动中，管理者必须对 异常情况(令他们惊讶或与预期冲突的新信息)保持警醒。在波涛起伏的市场中，管理者的观念
很快就会 过时，异常信息则为他们了解观念在哪里出了问题提供线索。
11 市场侦察就如同沿着一堵防护墙 寻找突破口。在多数时候，公司遇到的是坚硬的表层──不愿让路的竞争对手、不愿购买的
顾客或不奏效 的技术。管理人员应该在市场上寻找突破口。一旦找到，就应该蜂拥而上，并随即投入其他资源。
12 留足储备资金：在相对平静的时期，管理人员应该建立专款储备资金，以便在黄金机会出现时迅速调用。但这需要 克制。
如果一家公司涉入过多的探索领域，或同时投入太多，那么在黄金机会来临时，公司的储备资金就 会捉襟见肘。为了避免这种
风险，高级管理人员应该详查公司的资源分配流程，控制探测行动数量，只在 明确评估后增加投资。
13 保持备战状态：在积极等待期间，管理者必须着手改善营运状况──削 减成本、加强分销渠道、改进产品。效率较高的竞争
者能在暴风雨中幸免，而低效的竞争者则会被淹没。 在风平浪静时改善运营有助于累积“专用”资金，同时也能建立抓住黄金机会
而必需拥有的信誉。例如， 苏格兰皇家银行能赢得国民西敏寺银行，就是因为苏格兰银行的执行纪录让资本市场相信它是最有
可能使 交易获得成功的买家。
14 宣布主要奋斗目标：在积极等待中最大的挑战之一乃是决定何时该养精蓄锐，何时该全力以赴。
15 管理者会周期性地面临非常重要的机遇或威胁，它要求公司高度专注。此时若将其宣布为公司主要目标将会产生一 种紧迫
感、专注于组织、优先资源分配，并奠定协调努力的基础。然而许多管理者表示，这是他们最难做 的决策。事实证明，短期内
谨慎行事从长远来看并非有利。错过每一个黄金机会的公司最终将发现，自己 被那些既能积极等待又出手果断的公司击败了。
16 领导一家公司进入迷雾般的未来是有风险的。 然而，管理者能在相对平静的时期内积极等待，就可能增加他们成功的几率。
17 机会偏爱准备充 分的人：在不可预知的市场中，好运气非常宝贵，不容错失。如果管理者们在重大机遇和威胁之间的平静