散货租船术语大全
小苗与大树的对话教案-中秋晚会节目单
A bbreviation Meaning
AA Always Afloat
AAAA Always Accessible Always Afloat
AAOSA Always Afloat or Safe Aground. Condition
for a vessel whilst in port
AARA Amsterdam-
Antwerp-Rotterdam Area
ABAFT Toward the rear
(stern) of the ship. Behind.
ABOARD On or
within the ship
ABOVE DECK On the deck (not
over it - see ALOFT)
ABT About
ADCOM
Address Commission
ADDENDUM Additional
chartering terms at the end of a charter party
AFSPS Arrival First Sea Pilot Station (Norway)
AFFREIGHTMENT The hiring of a ship in whole or
part
AFT At or towards the stern or rear of a
ship
AGROUND Touching or fast to the bottom
AGW All Going Well
AHL Australian Hold
Ladders
AIDS TO NAVIGATION Artificial objects
to supplement natural landmarks indicating safe
and
unsafe waters
ALOFT Above the deck of
the ship
AMIDSHIPS In or toward the centre of
the ship
AN Arrival Notice - an import
document send to the notify party andor importer's
broker
containing all necessary arrival info
for Customs clearance; normally with freight
charges.
ANCHORAGE A place suitable for
anchorage in relation to the wind, seas and bottom
ANTHAM Antwerp-Hamburg Range
APS Arrival
Pilot Station
ARAG Amsterdam-Rotterdam--
Antwerp-Gent Range
ARBITRATION Method of
settling disputes which is usually binding on
parties. A clause usually
in a charter party
AS Alongside
ASBA American Shipbrokers
Association
ASN Advance Shipment Notice
ASPW Any Safe Port in the World
ASTERN In
the back of the ship, opposite of ahead
ATA
Actual time of arrival
ATD Actual time of
departure
ATDNSHINC Any Time DayNight Sundays
and Holidays Included
ATFI ATFI
ATHWARTSHIPS At right angles to the centreline
of the ship
ATUTC Actual Times Used to Count
AWB Air waybill
BACKLETTER Where a
sellershipper issues a 'letter of indemnity' in
favour of the carrier in
exchange for a clean
bill of lading
BAF Bunker Adjustment Factor.
A Fuel Surcharge expressed as a percentage added
or subtracted
from the freight amount,
reflecting the movement in the market place price
for bunkers.
BALE CAP. Cubic capacity of a
vessels holds to carry packaged dry cargo such as
balespallets
BALLAST Heavy weight, often sea
water, necessary for the stability and safety of a
ship which is
not carrying cargo
BALLAST
BONUS Compensation for relatively long ballast
voyage
BAREBOAT CHTR. Bareboat Charter -
Owners lease a specific ship and control its
technical
management and commercial operations
only. Charterers take over all responsibility for
the
operation of the vessel and expenses for
the duration.
BBB Before Breaking Bulk.
Refers to freight payments that must be received
before discharge of
a vessel commences
BDI Both Dates Inclusive
BEAM The maximum
breadth or the greatest width of a ship
BELOW
Beneath the deck
BENDS Both Ends (Load &
Discharge Ports)
BI Both Inclusive
BIMCO
The Baltic and International Maritime Council
BL Bale
BL (Bill of Lading) A document
signed by the carrier which acts as a Contract of
Affreightment, a
receipt and evidence of title
to the cargo.
BM Beam
BN Booking Note
BOB Bunker on Board
BOFFER Best Offer
BOW The forward part of a ship
BROB
Bunkers Remaining on Board
BROKERAGE
Percentage of freight payable to broker (by owners
in cp's) or applicable to sale or
purchase
BSS Basis
BSS 11 Basis 1 Port to 1 Port
BT Berth Terms
BULKHEAD A vertical
partition separating compartments
BUNDLING
This is the assembly of pieces of cargo, secured
into one manageable unit. This is
relevant to
items such as Structural Steel, Handrails,
Stairways etc. Whilst this is a very flexible
description, a rule of thumb is to present
cargo at a size easily handled by a large (20
tonne) fork
lift.
BUNKERS Name given for
vessels Fuel and Diesel Oil supplies (Originates
from coal bunkers)
BUOY An anchored float
used for marking a position on the water or a
hazard or a shoal and for
mooring
BWAD
Brackish Water Arrival Draft
CAF Currency
Adjustment Factor. A fee applied to the shipping
costs to compensate for exchange
rate
fluctuations.
CBM Cubic Metres
CBFT(or
CFT) Cubic Feet
CFR(or C&F) Cost and Freight
CHART A map used by navigators
CHOPT Charterers Option
CHTRS Charterers
CIF Cost, Insurance & Freight. Seller pays all
these costs to a nominated port or place of
discharge.
CKD Completely knocked down
COA Contract of Affreightment - Owners agree
to accept a cost per revenue tonne for cargo
carried on a specific number of voyages.
CIP Carriage and Insurance paid to...
C.O. Certificate of Origin - a signed
statement from a semiofficial organization
certifying the
origin of an export item,
required by certain nations.
COACP Contract
of Affreightment Charter Party
COB Closing of
Business
COBLDN Closing of Business London
COD Cash On Delivery
COGSA Carriage of
Goods by Sea Act
CONGESTION Portberth delays
CONS Consumption
CNEE CONSIGNEE. Name of
agent, company or person receiving consignment
COP Custom Of Port
CP (or CP) Charter
Party
CPD Charterers Pay Dues
CPT
Carriage Paid To
CQD Customary Quick Despatch
CR Current Rate
CROB Cargo Remaining on
Board
CRN Crane
CRT Cargo Retention
Clauses, introduced by charterers based on
shortage of delivered cargo
because of
increased oil prices
CST Centistoke
CTR
Container Fitted
DA Disbursement Account
DAF Deliver At Frontier
DAPS Days all
Purposes (Total days for loading & discharging)
DAMFORDET Damages for Detention. Penalty if
cargo is not ready when ship arrives for
working (1st day of Laycan). This is not
detention which is charged for ships time on
delay. If the
cargo is ready there is no
DAMFORDET.
DDU Delivered Duty unpaid.
DDP Delivered Duty Paid.
DECK A permanent
covering over a compartment, hull or any part
thereof
DEM Demurrage (Quay Rent). Money paid
by the shipper for the occupying port space beyond
a
specified
DEQ Delivered Ex Quay
DES Delivered Ex Ship
DESP
Despatch. Time saved, reward for quick turnaround-
in dry cargo only
DET Detention (See
DAMFORDET)
DEV Deviation. Vessel departure
from specified voyage course
DFRT
Deadfreight. Space booked by shipper or charterer
on a vessel but not used
DHDATSBE Despatch
Half Demurrage on All Time Saved Both Ends
DHDWTSBE Despatch Half Demurrage on Working
Time Saved Both Ends
DISCH Discharge
DK
Deck
DLOSP Dropping Last Outwards Sea Pilot
(Norway)
DO Diesel Oil
DOLSP Dropping
Off Last Sea Pilot (Norway)
DOP Dropping
Outward Pilot
DOT Department of Transport
DNRCAOSLONL Discountless and Non-Returnable
Cargo andor Ship Lost or Not Lost
DRAUGHT (or
DRAFT) Depth to which a ship is immersed in water.
The depth varies according
to the design of
the ship and will be greater or lesser depending
not only on the weight of the ship
and
everything on board, but also on the density of
the water in which the ship is lying.
DRK
Derrick
DUNNAGE Materials of various types,
often timber or matting, placed among the cargo
for
separation, and hence protection from
damage, for ventilation and, in the case of
certain cargoes,
to provide space in which the
tynes of a fork lift truck may be inserted.
DWAT (or DWT) Deadweight. Weight of cargo,
stores and water, i.e. the difference between
lightship and loaded displacement.
EBB A
receeding current
EC East Coast
EIU Even
If Used
ELVENT Electric Ventilation
ETA
Estimated Time of Arrival - the projected date and
time a shipment is scheduled to arrive at
its
destination.
ETC Estimated Time of Completion
ETD Estimated Time of Departure - the
projected date and time a shipment is scheduled to
depart
from the portairport of origin.
ETS Estimated Time of Sailing
EXW Ex
Works
FAC Fast as can
FAS Free Alongside
Ship. Seller delivers goods to appropriate dock or
terminal at port of
embarkation and buyer
covers costs and risks of loading
FCA Free to
Carrier. A modern equivalent of FAS used in
intermodal transport where goods are
transferred at a nominated forwarders
premises, depot or terminal but not actually on
board vessel.
FCL Full Container Load - a
container that is fully loaded by cargo, occupying
all space, or loaded
to the maximum
permissable weight. It can contain cargo from
multiple shippers, but normally is
consigned
to the same consignee. The shipment is expected to
be delivered to the consignee with
the
shipper's seal intact.
FD (FDIS) Free
Discharge
FDD Freight Demurrage
Deadfreight
FDESP Free Despatch
FDEDANRSAOCLONL Freight Deemed Earned,
Discountless And Non-Returnable (Refundable)
Ship And Or Cargo Lost Or Not Lost
FENDER
A cushion, placed between ships, or between a ship
and a pier, to prevent damage
FEU Standard
40’ Container, forty-foot equivalent unit, a
standard size intermodal container.
FHEX
FridaysHolidays Excluded
FHINC
FridaysHolidays Included
FILO Free InLiner
Out. Seafreight with which the shipper pays load
costs and the carrier pays for
discharge
costs.
FIO Free InOut. Freight booked FIO
includes the seafreight, but no loadingdischarging
costs, i.e.
the charterer pays for cost of
loadingdischarging cargo.
FIOS Free InOut
Stowed. As per FIO, but excludes stowage costs.
FIOST Free InOut and Trimmed. Charterer pays
for cost of loadingdischarging cargo, including
stowage and trimming.
FIOT Free InOut and
Trimmed. As per FIOS but includes trimming, e.g.
the levelling of bulk
cargoes. FIOS includes
seafreight, but excludes loadingdischarging and
stowage costs.
FIT Free In Trimmed
FIW
Free In Wagon
FIXING Chartering a Vessel
FIXTURE Conclusion of shipbrokers negotiations
to charter a ship - an agreement
FLATPACKING
Cargo to be presented stacked and secured as an
integral unit.
FLT Full Liner Terms
FMC
Federal Maritime Commission
FME Force Majeure
Excepted
FMS Fathoms
FO For Orders
FO(IFO) Fuel OilIntermediate FO
FO Free
Out
FOB Free on Board. Seller sees the goods
and paid for by the buyer
FOFFER Firm
Offer
FOG For Our Guidance
FOQ Free On
Quay
FOR Free On Rail
FORCE MAJEURE
Clause limiting responsibilities of the
charterers, shippers and receivers of
cargo.
FORE-AND-AFT In a line parallel to the keel
FORWARD Toward the bow of the ship
FOT
Free On Truck
FOW First Open Water
FOW
Free On Wharf
FP Free Pratique. Clearance by
the Health Authorities
FR First Refusal.
First attempt at best offer that can be matched
FREEBOARD The minimum vertical distance
from the surface of the water to the gunwale
FRT Freight. Money payable on delivery of
cargo in a mercantile condition
FREE DESPATCH
If loadingdischarging achieved sooner than agreed,
there will be no freight
money returned.
FREE EXINS Free of any Extra Insurance
(Owners)
FREE OUT Free of discharge costs to
owners. Includes seafreight only.
FRUSTRATION
Charterers when cancelling agreement sometimes
quote 'doctrine of frustration'
i.e. vessel is
lost, extensive delays.
FWAD Fresh Water
Arrival Draft
FWDD Fresh Water Departure
Draft
FYG For Your Guidance
FYI For Your
Information
GA General Average
GEAR A
general term for ropes, blocks, tackle and other
equipment
GLS (GLESS) Gearless
GNCN
Gencon (GENERAL CONDITIONS)
GN (or GR) Grain
(Capacity)
GO Gas Oil
GP Grain Capacity.
Cubic capacity in 'grain'
GR Geographical
Rotation. Ports in order of calling
GRD
Geared
GRI General Rate Increase. Used to
describe an across-the-board tariff rate increase
implemented
by conference members and applied
to base rates.
GRT Gross Registered Tonnage
GSB Good, Safe Berth
GSP Good, Safe Port
GTEE Guarantee
GUNWALE The upper edge of
a ship's sides
2H Second Half
HA Hatch
HAGUE RULES Code of minimum conditions for the
carriage of cargo under a Bill of Lading
HATCH An opening in a ship's deck fitted with
a watertight cover
HBF Harmless Bulk
Fertilizer
HDLTSBENDS Half Despatch Lay Time
Saved Both Ends
HDWTS Half Despatch Working
(or Weather) Time Saved
HHDW Handy Heavy d.w.
(Scrap)
HIRE TC Remuneration
HMS Heavy
Metal Scraps
HO Hold
HOLD A compartment
below deck in a large vessel, used solely for
carrying cargo
HULL The main body of a ship
HW High Water
ICW Intercoastal Waterway :
bays, rivers, and canals along the coasts (such as
the Atlantic and
Gulf of Mexico coasts),
connected so that vessels may travel without going
into the sea
IMDG International
Maritime Dangerous Goods Code
IMO
International Maritime Organisation
IN &OR
OVER Goods carried below andor on deck
INCOTERMS (Refer to comments in covering
statement on front page A-F)
IND Indication
INTERMODAL Carriage of a commodity by
different modes of transport, i.e. sea, road, rail
and
air within a single journey
ITF
International Transport Workers Federation (Trade
Unions). Complies on crewing
ISPS
International Ships and Port Security System
ITINERARY le
IU If Used
IUHTAUTC If
Used, Half Time Actually To Count
IWL
Institute Warranty Limits
KEEL The centreline
of a ship running fore and aft; the backbone of a
vessel
KNOT A measurement of speed equal to
one nautical mile (6,076 feet) per hour
LANE
METER A method of measuring the space capacity of
RoRo ships whereby each unit of
space (Linear
Meter) is represented by an area of deck 1.0 meter
in length x 2.0 meters in width.
LASH To hold
goods in position by use of Ropes, Wires, Chains
or Straps etc.
LAT Latitude. The distance
north or south of the equator measured and
expressed in degrees.
LAYCAN Laycan (Layday
Cancelling Date)
LAYTIME Time at Charterers
disposal for purpose of loadingdischarging
LC
Letter of Credit
LCL Less than Container Load
- a shipment that takes up only a portion of a
consolidated
container. LCL shpts are to be
picked up at a CFS only, whereas FCL are to be
picked up at a
container yardterminal.
LCR Lowest Current Rate
LEE The side
sheltered from the wind
LEEWARD The direction
away from the wind. Opposite of windward
LEEWAY The sideways movement of the ship
caused by either wind or current
LF Load
Factor. Percentage of cargo or passengers carries
e.g. 4,000 tons carried on a vessel of
10,000
capacity has a load factor of 40%
LIEN
Retention of property until outstanding debt is
paid
LNG Liquefied Natural Gas
LOA
Length Overall of the vessel
LOAD LINE See
PLIMSOLL LINE
LOF Lloyds Open Form
LOG A
record of courses or operation. Also, a device to
measure speed
LOI Letter of Indemnity
LONGITUDE The distance in degrees east or west
of the meridian at Greenwich, England
LOW
Last Open Water
LS (or LUMPS) Lumpsum
Freight. Money paid to Shipper for a charter of a
ship (or portion) up
to stated limit
irrespective of quantity of cargo
LSD Lashed
Secured Dunnaged
LT Liner Terms
LT Long Ton = 1,016.05 kilogram (2,240
lbs)
LTHH Liner Terms HookHook
LW Low
Water
LYCN Laycan (Layday Cancelling Date)
MANIFEST Inventory of cargo on board
MB
Merchant Broker
MDO (DO) Marine Diesel Oil
MIDSHIP Approximately in the location equally
distant from the bow and stern
MINMAX
MinimumMaximum (cargo quantity)
MOA
Memorandum of Agreement
MOLCHOPT More or Less
Charterers Option
MOLOO More or Less Owners
Option
MOORING An arrangement for securing a
ship to a mooring buoy or pier
MT Mertic
Tonne (i.e. 1,000 kilos)
MV Motor Vessel
Merchant Vessel
NAABSA Not Always Afloat But
Safely Aground
NM Nautical Mile. One minute
of latitude; approximately 6,076 feet - about 18
longer than the
statute mile of 5,280 feet
NAVIGATION The art and science of conducting a
ship safely from one point to another
NCB
National Cargo Bureau
NESTING Implies that
cargo is presented stacked in the contour of
similarly shaped cargo, it may
be likened to a
stack of plates. This is particularly relevant in
the presentation of tankage strakes
for
transport
NON-REVERSIBLE (Detention). If
loading completed sooner than expected, then saved
days
will not be added to discharge time
allowed.
NOR Notice of Readiness
NRT Net
Restricted Tonnage
NYPE New York Produce
Exchange
OO Owners Option
OBO OreBulkOil
Vessel
OSH Open Shelter Deck
OVERBOARD
Over the side or out of the ship
OWS Owners
P&I Protection and Indemnity Insurance
PASTUS Past Us
PC Period of Charter
PCGO Part Cargo
PCT Percent
PDPR Per
Day Pro Rata
PERDIEM By the Day
PER SE
By Itself
PHPD Per Hatch Per Day
PLIMSOLL MARK
alt.
PLIMSOLL
LINE
alt.
LOAD LINE An internationally
recognised line painted on the side of merchant
ships. When a
ship is loaded, the water level
is not supposed to go above the line. Water can
reach different parts
of the line as its
temperature and saltiness varies with the season
and location. From where
Plimsoll Shipping
derived its name.
PORT The left side of a
ship looking forward. A harbour.
PRATIQUE
Licence or permission to use a port
PREAMBLE
Introduction to a charter party
PROFORMA
Estimated Account
PUS Plus Us
PWWD Per
Weather Working Day
RCVR Receiver
RECAP
Recapitulation of the terms and conditions agreed
REVERSIBLE (Detention). If loading completed
sooner than expected at load port, then days
saved can be added to discharge operations.
ROB Remaining On Board
RT Revenue Tonne
(i.e. 1.0 metric tonne or 1.0 cubic meter,
whichever greater). The overall RT is
calculated on a line by line basis of the
Packing List using the largest amount. The overall
freight
liability is calculated on the total
RT amount, multiplied by the freight rate.
SATPM Saturday P.M.
SB Safe Berth
SD
(or SID) Single Decker
SEAFREIGHT Costs
charged for transporting goods over the sea. This
does not cover haulage or
loadingdischarging
costs but the sea transport only
SEAWORTHINESS Statement of condition of the
vessel (valid certificates, fully equipped and
manned etc.)
SELFD Self Discharging
SEMI-TRAILERS Are usually 12.0 meter flat bed
road trailers
SF Stowage Factor. Cubic space
(measurement tonne) occupied by one tonne (2,240
lbs1,000 kgs)
of cargo
SHINC
SundaysHolidays Included
SHEX SundaysHolidays
Excluded
SHPR Shipper - the party in whose
name a contract of carriage of goods has been
concluded with
at carrier or any party by
whom, in whose name or on whose behalf the goods
are actually
delivered to the carrier in
relation to the contract of carriage.
SKIDS
Are bearers (timber or steel) positioned under the
cargo to enable forklift handling at port,
and
for ease of rigging and lashing on board ship.
SN Satellite Navigation - A form of position
finding using radio transmissions from satellites
with
sophisticated on-board automatic
equipment
SOC Shipper Owned Container
SOF Statement of Facts
SP Safe Port
SPIDERING Is the strengthening of circular
tanks for transport, this prevents the tanks from
becoming warped. The tanks are
strengthened with steel or wood crossbeams giving
a
appearance
SRBL Signing and Releasing
Bill of Lading
SSHEX Saturdays, Sundays,
Holidays Excluded
SSHINC (or SATSHINC)
Saturdays, Sundays, Holidays Included
STABILITY It is paramount that a vessel is
stable in all aspects at all times. When cargo is
loadeddischarged, the stability is monitored
by a computer, which takes into account the weight
and position of cargo within the vessel.
STARBOARD Right side of a ship when facing the
front or forward end.
STEM Subject to Enough
Merchandise (Availability of cargo). Also, the
forward most part of the
bow.
STERN The
aformost or after part of a ship
SUB Subject
(to). Depending upon as a condition
SUPERCARGO Person employed by a ship owner,
shipping company, charterer of a ship or
shipper of goods to supervise cargo handling
operations. Often called a port captain.
SWAD
Salt Water Arrival Draft
SWDD Salt Water
Departure Draft
THWARTSHIPS At right angles
to the centreline of the ship
TIDE The
periodic rise and fall of water level in the
oceans
TIME BAR Time after which legal claims
will not be entered
TBN To Be Named To Be
Nominated
TC Time Charter - Owners agree to
hire a particular ship for a set length of time
and provide
technical management, crewing etc.
TCP Time Charter Party
TEU Standard 20'
Container, twenty-foot equivalent unit, a standard
size intermodal container.
TOPSIDES The sides
of a ship between the waterline and the deck;
sometimes referring to onto or
above the deck
TS Transhipment - a shipping arrangement in
which a shipment is discharged of the vessel at an
intermediate port enroute and subsequently
reloaded to another vessel for carriage to its
final
destinationl
TRIM Fore and aft
balance of a ship
TTL Total
TW Tween
Decker
USC Unless Sooner Commenced
UU
Unless Used
UUIWCTAUTC Unless Used In Which
Case Time Actually Used To Count
VPD Vessel
Pays Dues
WATERLINE A line painted on a hull
which shows the point to which a ship sinks when
it is
properly trimmed
WAY Movement of a
ship through water such as headway, sternway or
leeway
WCCON Whether Customs Cleared Or Not
WIBON Whether In Berth Or Not
WIFPON
Whether In Free Pratique Or Not
WINDWARD
Toward the direction from which the wind is coming
WIPON Whether In Port Or Not
WLTOHC Water Line-To-Hatch Coaming
WOG
Without Guarantee
WP Weather Permitting. That
time during which weather prevents working shall
not count as
laytime
WPD Weather
Permitting Day
WWD Weather Working Day
WRIC Wire Rods In Collis
WWR When, Where
Ready
WWWW Wibon, Wccon, Wifpon, Wipon
YAR York Antwerp Rules
YAW To swing or
steer off course, as when running with a
quartering sea
Z UTC = GMT