施心远主编听力教程4答案Unit
爸爸的心愿-超凡蜘蛛侠影评
A Listening Course 4
施心远主编《听力教程》4
(第2版)答案
Unit 3
Section One: Tactics for
Listening
Part 1: Listening and Translation
score higher than boys in almost every
country.
几乎在所有国家里，女孩子都比男孩子得分高。
2.
Differences between males and females are a
continuing issue
of fierce debate.
男女差异一直是激烈争论的焦点。
3. Cultural and economic
influences play an important part..
文化和经济影响起着重要的作用。
4. But recent findings
suggest that the answer may lie in
differences
between the male and female brain.
但是最新的发现提示，答案也许在男女大脑的差异。
5. These include
differences in learning rates.
这些包括学习速度上的差异。
Section Two Listening
Comprehension
Part 1 Dialogue
Exercise:
Listen to the dialogue and filling the blanks with
the missing information.
Serenading
Service was founded three years ago when the
singer realize that British people were
desperate for romance.
He thought there would
be a clientele for a hired serenader.
The idea
came from his studies of Renaissance music, which
is
full of serenades. Over the centuries,
university students have
turned the serenade
into an art form for hire. Usually he is
hired
by men to sing love songs to women. Occasionally
he is
asked to sing to men.
The service is
really a form of intimate alfresco
theatre
with
love songs
. He usually wears a
white tie
and
tails
and sings
amorous
Italian songs
. He will carry
chocolate hearts
or
flowers
and
when there is no
balcony
available he will
sing from
trees
or
fire escapes
!
The fee depends on
whether a musician
comes along or not.
The basic rate is
£
450
but it can cost a lot more especially
if he takes
a gondola and a group of
musicians
along. Some people
are so moved
that they
burst into tears
, but some react
badly.
They try to find out as much as they
can about their clients
to
avoid
unpleasant situations
. They have to be very
careful
these days because a serenade can be
completely misinterpreted
.
Part
2 Passage
Ex. A. Pre-listening Question
What memory strategies do you know that
can help you remember
things better?
1)
Brain prioritizes by meaning, value and relevance.
2) Your attitude has much to do with whether
you remember
something or not.
3) Your
understanding of new materials depends on what you
already know.
4) You can learn and
remember better if you can group ideas into
some sort of meaningful categories or groups.
5) The brain's quickest and probably the
longest-lasting
response is to images.
6)
Memory is increased when facts to be learned are
consciously
associated with something familiar
to you.
Ex. B: Sentence Dictation
are methods for remembering information that is
otherwise
quite difficult to recall.
2.
Our brains evolved to code and interpret complex
stimuli such
as images, colors, structures,
sounds, smells, tastes, touch,
positions,
emotions and language.
3. While language is
one of the most important aspects of human
evolution, it is only one of the many skills
and resources
available to our minds.
4. Association is the method by which you link
a thing to be
remembered to a way of
remembering it..
5. Location gives you two
things: a coherent context into which
you can
place information, and a way of separating one
mnemonic
from another.
Ex. C:
Detailed Listening.
1. Mnemonics are tools
which can help you to improve your
memory.
T. (Memory tools can help you to improve
your memory.
2. The fundamental principle
of mnemonics is to make full use
of the best
functions of the brain to store information.
T (The basic principle of mnemonics is to use as
many of the
best functions of your brain as
possible to store information.)
3. Information
we have to remember is almost always presented
in different ways.
F (Unfortunately
information we have to remember is almost
always presented in only one way--as words
printed on a page.)
4. We can do four things
to form striking images, which will
help to
make our mnemonics more memorable.
T
( Use positive, pleasant images; use vivid,
colorful,
sense-laden images; use all your
senses to code information or
dress up an
image; give our image three dimensions, movement
and space.)
5. There is one basic
principle in the use of mnemonics.
F (There
are three fundamental principles underlying the
use
of mnemonics: imagination, association and
location)
6. Association is what we use to
create and strengthen
imagination.
F
(Imagination is what you use to create and
strengthen the
associations needed to create
effective mnemonics.)
7. You can choose the
imagery in your mnemonics as you like
T (The
imagery you use in your mnemonics can be as
violent, vivid,
or sensual as you like, as
long as it help you to remember.)
8. You can
create associations by linking things using the
same
stimuli.
T. (You can create
associations by linking them using the same
color, smell, shape, or feeling.)
Ex.
D: After-listening Discussion
1. What is the
basic principle of mnemonics? Why can we improve
our memory by following the principle?
To use as many of the best functions of
your brain as possible
to store information.
Evolved to code and interpret complex stimuli.
Use these to
make sophisticated models of the
world.
Our memories store all of these
effectively.
However, information is presented
in only one way. Language is
only one of the
many skills and resources available to our
minds.
By coding languages and numbers in
striking images, can
reliable code both
information and structure of information.
Then easily recall these later.
2. Why is
a good memory important to us?
Open.
Section Three News
News Item 1
Ex. A:
Summarize the news
This news item is about the
Somali pirates’ strike.
Ex. B: Listen to
the news again and answer the questions.
1.
Whether this latest attempted hijacking was the
promised
revenge for the killing of
three Somali pirates by the US
navy isn't
clear.
2. No, the pirates haven’t been
deferred.
3. Because the financial rewards for
a successful hijacking
remain so great and
Somalia remains so lawless.
4. At any one time
there are only fifteen to eighteen
international warships in the area to police
an expanse of
sea covering more than a million
square kilometres.
5. It may be because of the
relatively small scale of the
problem.
Tape script of News Item One:
The piracy
problem looks like it's here to stay despite the
recent muscular interventions by the French
and American navies.
Whether this latest
attempted hijacking was the promised
revenge
for the killing of three Somali pirates by the US
navy
isn't clear. But it does suggest at the
very least that the
pirates haven't been
deterred.
So why does the problem persist? Put
simply maritime
security analysts say piracy
will continue as long as the
financial rewards
for a successful hijacking remain so great
and
Somalia remains so lawless. Certainly the
international
effort to thwart the
problem is relatively limited. At any one
time
there are only fifteen to eighteen international
warships
in the area to police an expanse of
sea covering more than a
million square
kilometres. Although it has been suggested that
raids could be mounted on the pirates' home
towns, it seems
unlikely there'll be any major
increase in the military effort
unless there's
a spectacular hijacking involving the deaths of
many crew members.
The reluctance to
mount a major international naval
operation in
the area may also be down to the relatively small
scale of the problem. Last year, according to
figures from the
International Maritime
Bureau, nearly twenty three thousand
ships
passed through the Gulf of Aden. Only ninety two
were
hijacked.
Rob Watson, BBC News
News Item 2
Ex. A: Listen to the news
and complete the summary
This news item is
about Obama’s military plan in
Afghanistan.
Ex. B: True or false.
1.
The President is considering leaving
Afghanistan.
F. (The President is making it
clear that leaving Afghanistan
is not an
option.)
2. Obama wouldn’t shrink the number
of troops in Afghanistan,
neither would he
deploy more military troops.
T.
3.
President Obama thought his assessment would be
and deliberate
T.
4. Opinions against
Obama are not heard.
F. (…some Republicans and
members of the President's own
party are
dubious about committing more resources and
military
personnel to a conflict where there
is no end in sight.)
5. The conflict in
Afghanistan seems to be over soon.
F. (…about
committing more resources and military
personnel to a conflict where there is no end
in sight.)
6. Afghanistan can be the second
Vietnam.
T. (The word 'Vietnam' is heard
more and more on Capitol
Hill.)
Script of
News Item Two:
The President is making it
clear that leaving Afghanistan
is not
an option. It's not on the table. According to one
White
House source, he told the meeting that
he wouldn't shrink the
number of troops in
Afghanistan or opt for a strategy of merely
targeting al-Qaeda leaders. But he wouldn't be
drawn on the
military request for more troops.
There appears to be a frustration that the
review of
strategy has sometimes been
portrayed in black-and-white terms
of a
massive increase or reduction of troop numbers.
President Obama told the group made up of the
most senior
Republican and Democrat senators
and congressmen that his
assessment would be
on too long for some Republicans and members
of the President's
own party are dubious about
committing more resources and
military
personnel to a conflict where there is no end in
sight.
The word 'Vietnam' is heard more and
more on Capitol Hill.
The President was
certainly right when he said his final
decision wouldn't make everyone in the room,
or the country,
happy.
Mark Mardell, BBC
News, Washington
News Item 3
Ex. A: Listen and summarize the news
item
This news item is about
fragile
peace that returns to Gaza
.
Ex. B:
Listen again and fill in the blanks.
There
were traffic jams on the road north, families
heading
to Gaza City to reunite with friends
and relatives. Long lines
of cars backed up at
the makeshift roadblocks the Israelis have
left behind. But the tanks are gone, only the
deep tracks
remain.
There were buildings
pitted with Israeli tank rounds; from
the
holes that have been punched in the walls it was
clear there
had also been snipers waiting for
them. North of Khan Younis
we saw some of the
Qassam fighters returning home, their rifles
slung lazily around their shoulders.
For
three weeks the Israelis pounded the tunnels that
run
beneath the perimeter wall but last night
we met people who
insist that some of these
tunnels are still open and still some
fuel is
being pumped from the Egyptian sider. If the
border
crossings remain close, say the
Palestinians, these tunnels are
their only
link to the outside world.
Script of News
Item 3
There were traffic jams on the road
north, families heading
to Gaza City to
reunite with friends and relatives. Long lines
of cars backed up at the makeshift roadblocks
the Israelis have
left behind. But the tanks
are gone, only the deep tracks
remain.
There were buildings pitted with Israeli tank
rounds; from
the holes that have been punched
in the walls it was clear there
had also been
snipers waiting for them. North of Khan Younis
we saw some of the Qassam fighters returning
home, their rifles
slung lazily around their
shoulders.
The destruction we've seen has
largely been inflicted on
the Hamas
infrastructure: police stations, military
outposts,
government buildings, so far the
most extensive damage - that
at the border in
Rafah where nothing was spared.
For three
weeks the Israelis pounded the tunnels that run
beneath the perimeter wall but last night we
met people who
insist that some of these
tunnels are still open and still some
fuel is
being pumped from the Egyptian side; impossible
for us
to verify independently, but they say
they are determined to
reopen them and to dig
them deeper. If the border crossings
remain
close, say the Palestinians, these tunnels are
their
only link to the outside world.
Christian Fraser, BBC News, Gaza
Section Four
Part 1 Feature report
Exercise A:
This news report is about the
recreation of the prehistoric
world in
Liaoning, China, based on the scientific findings
on
fossils discovered there.
Exercise B:
1. 35 prehistoric animals were created.
2.
They recreated the extinct beasts through the
marriage of
science, art and technology.
3. The exhibit is not behind the glass or
otherwise enclosed,
so visitors are eye to eye
with extinct beasts. It is
displayed in this
way so that visitors will feel as if
they’ve
stepped into a Chinese forest 130 million years in
the past.
4. He says it’s accurate because
every single plant, every
insect, every
organic feature in it actually represents
something that has been found as a fossil in
northeastern
China.
5. The only thing
scientists had to make up is what color some
of the animals were.
6. According
to Michael Novacek, birds are living dinosaurs.
7. They study the movements of commonplace
turkeys, chickens
and ostriches to learn how
similarly-built dinosaurs would
stand or walk.
8. By using high-tech imagery, fossils, and
the knowledge
gained from the biology of
barnyard animals, scientists now
estimate the
giant T-Rex could reach speeds of 16 kilometers
per hour, far slower that the more than 70
kilometers per
hour previously thought.
Script：
Dinosaur Discoveries Made Possible
through Art, Technology,
Modern Livestock
The rolling hills of a province in
northeastern China are now
terraced for
farming, but beneath that farmland are clues to
a prehistoric world unlike any seen by human
eyes - until this
week. Some 130 million years
after dinosaurs roamed the
Liaoning forest,
the world has been painstakingly recreated in
New York City's American Museum of Natural
History.
The sound of the prehistoric forest
is one of the few things
that has been
imagined in this 65 square-meter diorama. The
gingko leaves, piney trees and life-
sized models of 35
prehistoric animals were
created through the marriage of
science, art
and technology, as every detail, down to the
sleeping pose of a dinosaur, is based on
scientific findings.
The exhibit is not
behind glass or otherwise enclosed, so
visitors are eye-to-eye with extinct beasts,
feeling as if
they've stepped into a Chinese
forest 130 million years in the
past.
Mark Norell is a paleontologist who has worked
in Liaoning,
searching for clues to recreate
this prehistoric world.
accurate because
every single plant, every insect, every
organic feature in it actually represents
something that has
been found as a fossil in
northeastern China,
is what color some the
animals were. Even though we know some
of
theme were patterned, but we know definitely that
they were
patterned, because we can see that
is the soft tissue remains,
but we don't know
what color they were but we try to be a little
conservative in that regard, but nevertheless
all the feathers
you see, all the weird tail
structures you see, is all stuff
we found as
fossils.
Underneath the gingko trees, a
feathered bird-like dinosaur
chases on two
legs after a large winged insect, the dinosaur's
beak-like mouth open to reveal rows of jagged
teeth. A sleeping
dinosaur tucks its head
beneath its arm, much as a modern goose
tucks
its head beneath its wing.
The museum's
curator of paleontology, Michael Novacek,
explains that it is necessary to understand
birds in order to
better understand extinct
creatures.
weren't so aware of 10, 20
years ago is that birds are living
dinosaurs.
They're not just related to dinosaurs. They are
dinosaurs,
conveniently enough dinosaurs
didn't go completely extinct.
One group, the
birds, survived.
Scientists study the
movements of commonplace turkeys,
chickens and
ostriches to learn how similarly built dinosaurs
would stand or walk. Researchers even created
a computer model
of a giant chicken to learn
more about the movements of the ever
popular
Tyrannosaurus Rex.
By using high tech
imagery, fossils, and the knowledge gained
from the biology of barnyard animals,
scientists now estimate
the giant T-Rex could
reach speeds of 16 kilometers per hour,
far
slower than the more than 70 kilometers per hour
previously
thought.
These scientific
findings are passed along to model designers,
such as the creator of a six-foot-long
mechanical T-Rex, a
highlight of the new
exhibit. The menacing skeleton's tail
sways
and its head bobs as the extinct dinosaur shifts
its
weight, plodding in place - yet another
example of the
never-before-seen becoming
altogether real when science and
technology
meet art.
Part 2 Passage
Exercise B
1. The goal of this study was to determine
what type of “gaze”
is required to have this
effect.
2. The Queen’s study showed that the
total amount of gaze
received during a group
conversation is more important than
when the
eye contact occurs.
3. The eye contact
experiment used computer-generated images
form actors who conveyed different
levels of attention.
4. The researchers
concluded that people in group discussions
will speak up more if they receive a greater
amount of eye
contact from other group
members.
5. The effect of eye gaze has
literally fascinated people
throughout the
ages.
6. Exercise C
1. A 2. D 3. A
4. D 5. A 6. C 7. B 8. B
Exercise D
1. The eye contact experiment used computer-
generated images
from actors who conveyed
different levels of attention
(gazing at the
subject, gazing at the other actor, looking
away, and looking down). These images were
presented to the
subjects, who believed they
were in an actual three-way video
conferencing
situation, attempting to solve language
puzzles. Two conditions were studied:
synchronized (where
eye contact is made while
the subject is speaking) and random
contact,
received at any time in the conversation. The
researchers concluded that people in group
discussions will
speak up more if they receive
a greater amount of eye contact
from other
group members and the total amount of gaze
received during a group conversation is more
important than
when the eye contact
occurs.
2. Open.
Script:
Eye Contact
Shown To Affect Conversation Patterns, Group
Problem-Solving Ability
Noting that the
eyes have long been described as mirrors
of
the soul, a Queen's computer scientist is studying
the effect
of eye gaze on conversation and the
implications for new-age
technologies, ranging
from video conferencing to speech
recognition
systems.
Dr. Roel Vertegaal, who is
presenting a paper on eye gaze
at an
international conference in New Orleans this week,
has
found evidence to suggest a strong link
between the amount of
eye contact people
receive and their degree of participation
in
group communications. Eye contact is known to
increase the
number of turns a person will
take when part of a group
conversation. The
goal of this study was to determine what type
of (looking at a person's eyes and face) is
required to
have this effect.
Two
conditions were studied: synchronized (where eye
contact is made while the subject is speaking)
and random
contact, received at any time in
the conversation. The Queen's
study
showed that the total amount of gaze received
during a
group conversation is more important
than when the eye contact
occurs.
The
findings have important implications for the
design of
future communication devices,
including more user-friendly and
sensitive
video conferencing systems – a technology
increasingly chosen in business for economic
and time-saving
reasons – and Collaborative
Virtual Environments (CVEs) which
support
communication between people and machines. Dr.
Vertegaal's group is also implementing these
findings to
facilitate user interactions with
large groups of computers
such as personal
digital assistants and cellular phones.
The
eye contact experiment used computer-generated
images
from actors who conveyed different
levels of attention (gazing
at the subject,
gazing at the other actor, looking away, and
looking down). These images were presented to
the subjects, who
believed they were in an
actual three-way video conferencing
situation,
attempting to solve language puzzles. The
researchers concluded that people in group
discussions will
speak up more if they receive
a greater amount of eye contact
from other
group members. There was no relationship between
the
impact of the eye contact and when it
occurred.
throughout the ages,says
Dr. Vertegaal, whose paper,
Explaining Effects
of Eye Gaze on Mediated Group Conversations:
Amount or Synchronization? was presented this
week at the
Association for Computing
Machinery (ACM) Conference on
Computer
Supported Cooperative Work.
clay tablets
dating back to 3000 BC already tell
the story
of Ereshkigal, goddess of the underworld, who had
the
power to kill Inanna, goddess of love,
with a deadly eye,says
Dr. Vertegaal. that we
are attempting to build more
sophisticated
conversational interfaces that mirror the
communicative capabilities of their users, it
has become clear
we need to learn more about
communicative functions of gaze
behaviors.