最新综合英语教程2-Unit 4 语言点资料
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Unit 4 Water Cycle
1. at a
cost to do something
something that you lose,
give away, damage etc. in order to achieve
something.
2. bootstrap
to do
something by your own efforts, without help from
other people.
3. pristine英 [
ˈprɪsti:n ] 美 [ prɪˈstiːn ]
（1） extremely
fresh or clean. 极其新鲜的，洁净的
（2） something that
is in the same condition as when it was first
made. 崭新的，簇新的
（3） not spoiled or damaged in
any way. 未受损害的；处于原始状态的
4. relish英 [
ˈrelɪʃ ] 美 [ ˈrɛlɪʃ ]
v [T] to enjoy an
experience or the thought of something that is
going to happen. 喜爱，享受
搭配
(1) relish the
prospectthoughtidea
e.g. I don’t relish the
thought of you walking home alone. 我可不想让你一个人走回家。
(2) relish the chanceopportunity
e.g. He
relishes the chance to play Hamlet.
他很高兴能有机会扮演哈姆雷特。
n (1)[U] great enjoyment of
something. 享受，乐趣
(2)[C,U] a thick spicy
sauce made from fruits or vegetables, and usually
eaten with meat.
（用水果或蔬菜做成的）（浓）调味汁
5.
rejuvenate英 [ rɪˈdʒu:vəneɪt ] 美 [ rɪˈdʒuvəˌnet ]
v[T]
(1) to make something work much
better or become much better
again.使（某事物）变得更
有活力；使（某事物）恢复活力
e.g. plans
to rejuvenate the inner city areas 旧城区复兴计划
(2)
[usually passive]to make someone look or feel
young and strong again.使（某人）变得年
轻；使（某人）恢复活力
e.g. I came back from holiday feeling
rejuvenated.我度假回来，感觉恢复了活力。
词根：juven =
young表示年轻
近义词：
refresh（使）恢复精神；renew重新开始；res
tore恢复；regenerate再生；revitalize使复兴；
invigorate增添
活力；revive使重生；revivify使复活
6. aquifer英 [
ˈækwɪfə(r) ] 美 [ ˈækwəfɚ, ˈɑkwə- ]
underground
bed or layer yielding (生产) ground water for wells
and springs etc.地下蓄水层
词根: fer =
bringcarry,表示带来,拿来
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7. debut英 [ 'deɪbju: ] 美 [ deˈbju, ˈdeˌbju ]
n[C]the first public appearance of an
entertainer, sports player etc. or of something
new and
important.（演员、运动员等的）首次登台，初次亮相；（新事物的）问世
v(1)[I]to appear in public or become available
for the first time.首次演出；问世，面世
(2)[T]to
introduce a product to the public for the first
time.首次推出（某产品）
词汇搭配：
用作名词 (n.)
动词+～
make one's debut in society 初次在社交场合露面
名词+～
film debut 初次扮演电影角色
screen debut 初上银幕
successful stage debut 成功的初次登台演出
～+介词
the debut of the latest fashion 最新时装的首次出现
8. cajole英 [ kəˈdʒəʊl ] 美 [ kəˈdʒoʊl ]
v[I,T]to gradually persuade someone to do
something by being nice to them, or making
promises to them.（用甜言蜜语）哄骗，劝诱
用法：cajole sb
into doing sth
e.g. We do our best to cajole
rich countries into helping.我们尽力说服富裕国家提供援助。
9. residue英 [ ˈrezɪdju: ] 美 [ ˈrezɪdu: ]
n(1)[C,U]a substance that remains on a
surface, in a container etc. and cannot be removed
easily, or that remains after a chemical
process.剩余物，残留物，渣滓[+from]
e.g. residue from
sewage（[ ˈsu:ɪdʒ ]）treatment plants污水处理厂排出的残余物
(2)[C]formal the part of something that is
left after the rest has gone or been taken
away.
【正式】剩余，残余[+of]
e.g. The residue of
the stock（库存）was sold.剩余存货已售出。
词根: sid 1.
=sit,表示坐放置; 3. 旁边
近义词：rest剩余的部分 remains剩余物
dregs渣滓 remainder剩余物 balance平衡
sediment沉淀物
deposit放置 scum槽粕 lees沉淀物 filtrate过滤 leftovers剩余物
excess超过 debris碎片 remnant残余 cinders焦渣 dirt污垢
ash灰 residual剩余的
residuum剩余物
10. champion
v[T]written to publicly
fights for and defends an aim or principle, such
as the rights of a group
of people.【书面】捍卫，维护
e.g. She championed the cause of religious
freedom.她捍卫宗教自由事业。
11. prime
v[T]to
prepare someone for a situation so that they know
what to do.使准备好（应付某一情
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况）
用法：（1）prime sb with sth
e.g. Did
you prime her with what to say?你事先提醒她要说些什么吗？
（2）prime sb for sth
e.g. He had a shower
and primed himself for action.他冲了个淋浴，准备行动。
（3）prime sb to do sth
e.g. He had been
primed to say nothing about it.有人事先关照过他，叫他什么也别说。
12. parody英 [ ˈpærədi ] 美 [
ˈpærədi ]
n(plural parodies)
(1)[C,U]a
piece of writing, music etc. or an action that
copies someone or something in an
amusing
way(文章、音乐等的)滑稽模仿作品[+of]
e.g. a brilliant
parody of classical dance 一出对古典舞蹈精彩有趣的模仿作品
用法：in a parody of sth
e.g. He swung the
door wide open in a parody of
welcome.他一下子把门大打开，夸张地表
示欢迎。
——self-parody:
sb make fun of their own style自嘲
(2)[C]something that is not a correct or
acceptable example of something.拙劣的模仿→歪曲
[+of]
e.g. Although his comment was a parody of the
truth, Diana was upset by
it.虽然他的话歪曲
了事实，但还是让黛安娜很不安。
The trial was a
parody of justice(= very unfair).这场审判是对正义的嘲弄。
v[T]to copy someone or something in a way that
makes people laugh.滑稽的模仿
e.g. His style has
often been parodied.他的风格经常被人滑稽地模仿。
——parodist
滑稽模仿者
13. deter英 [ dɪˈtɜ:(r) ] 美 [
dɪˈtə: ]
v(deterred, deterring)[T]to stop
someone from doing something, by making them
realize it
will be difficult or have bad
results.（通过让对方意识到做某事会有困难或坏结果而）制止，
吓住（某人）
近义词：discourage阻碍 prevent预防 dissuade劝阻 daunt使
... 胆怯 prohibit禁止 hinder
阻碍 put off不安
frighten使惊吓 help帮助 preclude阻止 thwart反对 forbid禁止
14. substitute英 [ ˈsʌbstɪtju:t
] 美 [ ˈsʌbstɪtu:t ]
n[C]
(1)(also 又作 sub
informal【非正式】)someone who does someone else’s job
for a limited
period of time, especially in a
sports team or school.代替者；（尤指）替补队员；代课老师
e.g.
Germany brought on a substitute at half
time.德国队在比赛半场时换上一名替补队员。
[+for]The coach has to
find a substitute for Tim.教练的找人替代蒂姆。
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(2)a person or a thing that
you use instead of the one that you usually have,
because the usual
one is not available.代替物，替代品
e.g. a sugar substitute糖替代品；a father
substitute父亲的替身
用法：be no substitute for sth:
used to emphasize that something is not as good as
another thing.
不能替代某事物（用于强调某一事物没有另一事物好）
e.g. Vitamin pills are no substitute for a
healthy diet.维生素片不能替代健康饮食。
there is no
substitute for sth
e.g. There is no substitute
for practical experience. 实践经验是无法替代的。
v(1)[T]to use something new or different instead
of something else.用（新的或不同的事物）
代替
用法：substitute sth for sth
e.g. The recipe
says you can substitute yoghurt for the sour
cream.食谱说可以用酸奶替代酸味奶
油。
(2)[I]to do
someone’s job until the person who usually does it
is able to do it again.替代，顶替
substitute for sb
= stand in for sb
(3)[T]to replace someone
with another person, especially another
player.替换，替代（尤指球员）
形近：substantial
大量的，实质的（substance 物质）
15. trade-off
n[C]a balance between two opposing
things, that you are willing to accept in order to
achieve
something.（两种对立事物之间的）平衡，妥协，协调
e.g.
There has to be a trade-off between quality and
quantity if we want to keep prices
low.如果我
们想保持低价，就必须在质量和数量之间求得平衡。
16. optimize(AmE)optimise(BrE)
v[T]to
improve the way that something is done or used so
that it is as effective as
possible.使
最优化，使尽可能完善，使尽量有效
e.g. They
have to optimize the use of available
resources.他们需要充分利用手上的资源。
17. juggle
本义是杂耍，边抛边接，引申为同时做（兼顾）；还有耍花招、欺骗等义。
If you
juggle lots of different things, for example your
work and your family, you try to give
enough
time or attention to all of them.
一般用作动词，文中是名词。
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18.
19. juggle of
resources 同时兼顾
20.
21. odd
adj.古怪的，奇数的，各种各样的
22. against all
odds 尽管困难重重
23.
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