2004级博士生英语考试试卷
端午节传说故事-收费员岗位职责
English Test for Doctoral
Candidates
(Jan. 16, 2005)
Part I
Listening Comprehension (20%)
Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear 5
short conversations. After each
conversation,
a question will be asked about what was said. Both
the conversation and
question will be read
only once. Listen carefully and choose the best
answer to each
question. Then mark your answer
on your Answer Sheet A.
1. A. To be back
Tuesday morning.
B. To come and see him
Wednesday.
C. To call him on Thursday.
D. To make an appointment for Thursday.
2. A.
Every day.
B. Every day except Thursday.
C. Monday, Wednesday and Friday.
D. Monday,
Tuesday and Friday.
3. A. On a train.
B.
On a boat.
C. On a plane.
D. On a bus.
4. A. It was sold out.
B. It was too
expensive.
C. She didn’t like it.
D. It
was uninteresting.
5. A. Go for a long walk
with her friend.
B. Rest and take care of
herself.
C. Stay at home and do her
exercises.
D. Catch up with her reading.
Section B
Directions: In this section, you
will hear 2 short passages. The passage will be
read
only once. At the end of the passage, you
will hear 5 questions about what was said.
Listen carefully and choose the best answer to
each question.
Passage 1
6. A. Almost half
their money.
B. Almost all their money.
C. Almost one-third of their money.
D. Most
of their money.
7. A. Right after the food is
ready.
B. Right after the father makes the
cross over the bread with a knife.
C. Right
after the mother distributes each member a piece
of brad.
D. Right after the father gives
everyone a piece of bread.
8. A. The
famous French food.
B. The French family
meal.
C. The French family reunion.
D.
The French gable manners.
Passage 2
9. A.
Means for winter traveling.
B. Methods of
fishing.
C. How to hunt large animals.
D. Political ways.
10. A. Iron tools.
B.
Building canoes.
C. Blazing trails.
D.
Planting crops.
Section C Spot Dictation
Directions: In this part, you are going to
hear a longer passage. The passage is
printed
below with some words and expressions missing. As
you listen, fill in each of
the blanks with
the words and expressions you have heard.
Our sleep time over the past century has been
reduced by almost 20 percent.
Generally,
adults need to sleep one hour for every two hours
awake, which means
that most need about eight
hours of sleep a night. Of course, some people
need more
and some less. Children and
teenagers need an average of about ten hours.
The brain keeps an exact (11) ______________
of how much sleep it is owed.
My colleagues
and I coined the term sleep debt because
accumulated lost sleep is like
a monetary
debt: it must be paid back. If you get an hour
less than a full night’s sleep,
you carry an
hour of sleep debt into the next day—and your (12)
______________ to
fall asleep during the
daytime becomes stronger.
During the five-day
workweek, if you get six hours of sleep each night
instead of
the eight you needed, you would
build up a sleep debt of ten hours (five days
times
two hours). Because sleep debt
accumulates in an additive (13) ______________, by
day five your brain would tend toward sleep as
strongly as if you’d stayed up all night.
From
this perspective, sleeping until noon on Saturday
is not getting enough to pay
back the ten lost
hours as well as meet your nightly (14)
______________ of eight;
you would have to
sleep until about 5 p.m. to balance the sleep
ledger.
But for most people it is difficult to
sleep that long because of the alerting
mechanism of our (15) ______________ clock.
Section D Summary
Directions: Listen
to the passage and write a summary in no less than
50 words.
Part II Reading
Comprehension (20%)
Directions: In this
section, there are 4 short passages for you to
read. Read each
passage carefully, and then do
the questions that follow. Choose the best answer
A, B,
C and D, and mark the
corresponding letter on Answer Sheet A.
Passage 1
However important we may
consider school life to be, there is no denying
the fact
that children spend more time at home
than in the classroom. Therefore, the great
influence of parents cannot be ignored or
discounted by the teacher. They can become
strong allies of the school personnel or they
can consciously or unconsciously hinder
and
thwart curricular objectives.
Administrators
have been aware of the need to keep parents
apprised (
告知
) of the
newer methods
used in schools. Many principals have conducted
workshops
explaining such matters as the
reading readiness program, manuscript writing and
development mathematics.
Moreover, the
classroom teacher, with the permission of the
supervisors, can also
play an important role
in enlightening parents. The informal tea and the
many
interviews carried on during the year, as
well as new ways of reporting pupils’
progress, can significantly aid in achieving a
harmonious interplay between school
and home.
To illustrate, suppose that a father has been
drilling Junior in arithmetic process
night
after night. In a friendly interview, the teacher
can help the parent sublimate his
natural
paternal interest into productive channels. He
might be persuaded to let Junior
participate
in discussing the family budget, buying the food,
using a yardstick or
measuring cup at home,
setting the clock, calculating mileage on a trip
and engaging
in scores of other activities
that have a mathematical basis.
If the father
follows the advice, it is reasonable to assume
that he will soon realize
his son is making
satisfactory progress in mathematics, and at the
same time, enjoying
the work.
Too often,
however, teachers’ conferences with parents are
devoted to petty
accounts of children’s
misdemeanors, complaints about laziness and poor
work habits,
and suggestion for penalties and
rewards at home.
16. The central idea conveyed
in the above passage is that _______.
A. home
training is more important than school training
because a child spends
so many hours with his
parents
B. teachers can and should help
parents to understand and further the objective
of the school
C. there are many ways in
which the mathematics program can be implemented
at home
D. parents have a responsibility
to help students in doing homework
17. The
author directly discussed the fact that _______.
A. parents drill their children too much in
arithmetic
B. principals have explained the
new art programs to parents
C. a father can
have his son help him construct articles at home
D. a parent’s misguided efforts can be
properly directed
18. It can reasonably be
inferred that the author _______.
A. is
satisfied with present relationships between home
and school
B. feels that schools are woefully
lacking in guidance personnel
C.
believes that the traditional program in
mathematics is slightly better than
developmental program
D. feels that the
parent-teacher interviews can be made much more
constructive
than they are at present
19.
The author implies that _______.
A.
participation in interesting activities relating
to a subject improves one’s
achievements in
that area
B. school principals do more than
their share in interpreting the curriculum to
the parents
C. only a small part of the
school day should be set apart for drilling in
arithmetic
D. teachers should
occasionally make home visit to parents
20. We
may infer that the writer of the article does not
favor _______.
A. a father’s helping his son
with the latter’s studies
B. written
communications to the parent from the teacher
C. having the parent observe lessons which the
children are being taught
D. principal-parent
conferences rather than teacher-parent conferences
Passage 2
E-business requires
instantaneous decision-making and KM (knowledge
management) has a tremendous role to play in
achieving this as well as quality
feedback.
Real-time business without proper knowledge and
feedback information
quickly turns into real-
time unsupervised and valueless chaos. Lack of
adequate
knowledge flow and coherent real-time
views of a situation inevitably lead to
disastrous consequences. The infamous Barings
Bank operated a real-time futures
business
without real-time checks and balances, and did not
ensure adequate quality
of knowledge flows
from the trading floor to controllers and
managers. It was
too-much-too-fast coupled
with too-little-quality-feedback and insufficient
understanding. There was too little real-time
knowledge at hand and it turned out a
spectacular disaster.
The missing link was
KM. No serious e-business effort should be
undertaken
without considering, planning and
implementing a strong KM infrastructure.
Real-
time knowledge must flow from those who have it to
those who must be able to
make the right move
at the right time. And there is no time to spare.
E-businesses
must be equipped with interactive
workflow tools and real-time business
intelligences
feedback in a clear and
understandable format. People involved must have
access to
all underlying documents at all
times at a snap of their fingers. Otherwise they
will
guess rather than make informed
decisions. Or words, in fear of making a huge
mistake, people will make no decisions at all.
Take a home loan application process for
example. You would most likely apply
to a
number of banks at the same time. They would
obviously complete on pricing,
but the bank
that can make your credit assessment first and
most effectively, process
the documentation
and inform you on the progress every step of the
way will get your
business. The rest may be
stuck with less demanding, more risk-prone
customers. This
may affect their overall
profitability, and ability to complete on price
and service in
the future. It could put
them out of business altogether. So is there a
link between
e-business and KM? I surely think
so.
21. According to the passage, in doing
e-business, you must _______.
A. make quick
decisions
B. learn many disciplines
C.
work hard
D. know how to promote yourself
22. As the author puts it, being short of
_______ will lead to failure in e-business.
A. support from the government
B. sufficient
knowledge flow and accurate views of the situation
C. qualified managers
D. loan from the
bank
23. Barings Bank went bankrupt because
_______.
A. it involved itself in the futures
business
B. its manager was not an expert
C. it failed to smooth the knowledge flow and
the feedback processes
D. of its slow
decision-making process
24. Some managers do
not make decisions because _______.
A. they
are not provided with sufficient information
B. they are slow in thinking
C. they are very
democratic
D. they have limited rights in the
company
25. When you apply for a home loan,
you tend to choose a band with _______.
A.
offers the lowest interest
B. if located
quite near to your house
C. will keep you
informed of the on-goings in the process
D.
is big and famous
Passage 3
When it
comes to leisure activities, Americans aren’t
quite the funseekers they’ve
been supposed to
be. For one out of five, weekends and vacations
are consumed by
such drudgeries as
housecleaning, yardworking, and cooking; only one-
third of them
enjoy the luxury of relaxing in
the sun, going camping, playing sports, or simply
relaxing.
Americans were asked how they
occupy themselves on days they are not at work.
According to the poll, older people, the rich,
and the well-educated are most apt to
spend
their spare time doing the things they “want to
do” rather than those they “have
to”.
Overall, high-salaried respondents were more
active than those with lower
incomes—they
reported watching less television and were ore
likely to engage in
social and cultural
activities. Furthermore, those with college
degrees were about
twice as likely as those
with no more than a high school education to spend
time
playing sports (42 percent compared to 23
percent).
On the subject of vacations, the
study found that college graduates were more
likely than those with only high school
degrees to have vacation plans (80 percent
versus 60 percent). Of those who did
intend to take some time off, 46 percent planned
a sightseeing vacation (34 percent in the
United States, 12 percent abroad), 34 percent
expected to visit friends or relatives, 22
percent headed for the beach or lake, and 12
percent intended to relax at home.
People
who are divorced, widowed, or separated, the
survey concluded, are the
least likely of any
group to take a vacation—and the least likely to
attach any
important to it.
26. The
passage is mainly about _______.
A. different
ways of spending one’s leisure time
B. active
entertainment and passive entertainment
C.
factors that affect people’s attitudes towards
vacation
D. how Americans spend their
holidays
27. According to a recent study, how
many Americans spend the weekends doing
housework?
A. One fifth of them.
B.
Four fifths of them.
C. One third of them.
D. Two thirds of them.
28. According to
the passage, the most popular type of vacation in
the United States
is _______.
A. relaxing
in the sun
B. visiting friends or relatives
C. playing sports
D. visiting
interesting places
29. Who are the least
likely to take a vacation?
A. Businesswomen.
B. Factor workers.
C. Separated couples.
D. Elderly people.
30. Which of the
following if NOT mentioned as a factor that
influences the way
people spend their
holidays?
A. Family income.
B. Social
position.
C. Age.
D. Educational
background.
Passage 4
If national
health insurance would not cure the problems of
the American
health-care system, what, then,
is responsible for them? Suspicion falls heavily
on
hospitals, which make up the largest
component of the system. In 1988 hospitals
accounted for 39 percent of all
expenditures—more than doctors, nursing homes,
drugs, and home health care combined.
Although US hospitals provide outstanding
research and frequently excellent care,
they
also exhibit the classic attributes of inefficient
organizaions; increasing costs and
decreasing
use. The average cost of a hospital stay in
1987—$$3,850—was more than
double the
1980 cost. A careful government analysis published
in 1987 revealed the
inflation of hospital
costs, over and above general price inflation, as
a major factor in
their growth, even after
allowances were made for increase in the
population and in
intensity of care. While the
rate of increase for hospital costs was 27 percent
greater
than that of all medical care and 163
percent greater than that for all other goods and
services, demand for hospital services fell by
34 percent. But hospitals seemed
obvious of
the decline: during this period the number of
hospital beds shrank only by
about three
percent, and the number of full-time employees
grew by more than
240,000.
After yet
another unexpectedly high hospital-cost increase
last year, one puzzled
government analyst
asked, “Where’s the money going?” Much of the
increase in
hospital costs—amounting to $$180
billion from 1965 to 1987—went to duplicating
medical technology available in nearby
hospitals and maintaining excess beds.
Modern
healthcare, a leading journal in the field,
recently noted that “anecdotes of
[hospitals]
unnecessary spending on technology abound.”
Medical technology is very
expensive. An
operating room outfitted to perform open-heart
surgery costs hundreds
of thousands of
dollars. From 1982 to 1989 the number of hospitals
with
open-heart-surgery facilities grew by 33
percent, and the most rapid growth occurred
among smaller and moderate-sized hospitals.
This growth was worrisome for reasons
of both
costs and quality. Underused technology almost
inevitably decreases quality
of care. In
medicine, as in everything else, practice makes
perfect. For example, most
of the hospitals
with the lowest mortality rates for coronary-
bypass surgery perform at
least fifty to a
hundred such procedures annually, and in some
cases many more; the
majority of those with
the highest mortality rates perform fewer than
fifty a year.
31. According to the passage,
the American health-care system _______.
A.
is working smoothly
B. is the best system in
the world
C. is not working efficiently
D. is on the point of collapse
32. In 1980,
the average cost of a hospital stay was _______.
A. $$3,850
B. less than $$1,925
C.
$$1,925
D. more than $$1,925
33. When
demand for hospital services fell, hospitals
_______.
A. took effective measures to reduce
their expenditures
B. were fully aware of the
situation and took some measures accordingly
C. reduced the number of hospital beds sharply
D. continued to take on more full-time
medical workers
34. According to the passage,
hospital costs went up greatly mainly because
_______.
A. hospitals spent a lot of
money unnecessarily on medical technology
B.
hospitals bought too much expensive operating
equipment
C. hospitals employed too many
unskilled medical workers
D. hospitals were
under poor management
35. It is implied
in the last paragraph that if a hospital uses its
medical technology to
the full, _______.
A. it will decrease its quality of treatment
B. it will certainly push up its expenditures
C. it will have a high mortality rate from surgery
D. it will maintain its good quality of care
Part III Translation (20%)
Section A Put the following into Chinese:
When the war began on January 18
th
,
the authorities believed that the
multi-
national force was irresistible and that the war
would be short and swift. But
now, the
situation seems quite the reverse; the war is
likely to take at least several
months before
it blows itself out.
No matter how long the
war lasts, it is undeniably a great tragedy. The
region is
now bristling with bombers, warships
and soldiers. Saddam Hussein has already
begun
to make random bombing attacks on Israel and Saudi
Arabia. He has even
brazenly threatened to use
missiles charged with biological or chemical
warheads.
Whether or not the Gulf War is a
just war is a hotly debated question. Although
most people agree with the deployment of
soldiers in the region, a considerable
number
of people do not want Britain to get involved.
Section B Put the following abstract into
English:
摘要：本文从英文标题、作者署名与工作单位、英文摘要、英文关键词等四
个方面阐述了科技论文英文摘要的写作特点、模式及摘要写作中应避免出现的一
些问题，同时强调对摘
要写作的客观性、学术性和语体风格等问题给予足够的重
视。英文摘要的规范化写作将有助于我国科技论
文被国际文摘刊物引用，从而有
利于扩大我国科研成果的影响。
Part V
Writing (20%)
Section A Write a letter asking
the Admissions Office of Graduate School of
Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology for application materials.
The
address is Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
Cambridge, Massachusetts,
02139, United States
of America. Remember to offer your TOEFL or GRE
score.
Your letter should include all the
necessary parts for a formal letter. And you must
not use your own name. Remember to use the
name “Li Hong” as yours.
Section B Write
an article according to the directions:
Title:
Globalization of Economy
Outline: 1. The
current situation
2. Your comments on the
issue
3. Conclusion
Word limit: about
150~200 words.
Answer Sheet A
Part I Listening Comprehension
1. A
B C D 2. A B C D 3. A B C D 4. A B C D 5. A B C D
6. A B C D 7. A B C D 8. A B C D 9. A B C D
10. A B C D
Part II Reading Comprehension
16. A B C D 17. A B C D 18. A B C D 19. A
B C D 20. A B C D
21. A B C D 22. A B C D 23.
A B C D 24. A B C D 25. A B C D
26. A B C D
27. A B C D 28. A B C D 29. A B C D 30. A B C D
31. A B C D 32. A B C D 33. A B C D 34. A B C
D 35. A B C D
Answer Sheet B
Part I Listening Comprehension
Section C Spot Dictation
11.
______________ 12. ______________
14.
______________ 15. ______________
Section
D Summary
Part III Translation
Section A
Section B
13. ______________
Keys
Part I
Listening Comprehension
1. C 2. D 3. C 4. A 5.
B 6. A 7. C 8. B 9. D 10. A
11.
accounting 12. tendency 13. fashion 14.
requirement 15. biological
Summary
When a student takes notes in a lecture he has
to do four things.
Firstly, he has to
understand what’s said, as the speaker says it. He
can’t stop the
lecture in order to look up a
new word or check an unfamiliar sentence pattern.
To second thing the student has to do
is to decide what’s important in the lecture.
Often the lecturer signals this directly or
indirectly. If he says “The next is important”,
the student will have little difficulty. The
lecturer may, however, use a more colloquial
style. A sentence such as “This is the
crunch”, meaning this is the really important
point, will often cause difficulty. Many
lecturers pause, and speak more slowly and
loudly, when they’re making an important
point. If the student can’t recognize these
indirect signals, he’ll find it difficult to
decide what’s important.
The third task that
faces the student is that he also has to write
down the
important points. There are two
problems here in addition to deciding what’s
important: one is speed, the other is clarity.
The student should abbreviate, should
write
down the important information words, usually
nouns, sometimes verbs or
adjectives, and
should write one point on each line. He ought, if
possible, to choose a
moment to write when the
lecture isn’t giving vital information.
Finally, the student’s notes must show the
connections between the various points
he’s
noted. If he makes intelligent use of spacing and
underlining, together with the
employment of
conventional signs and the numbering of points,
he’ll be able to
understand the framework of
the lecture more easily.
Part II Reading
Comprehension
16. B 17. D 18. D 19. D 20. D
21. A 22. B 23. C 24. A 25. C
26. D 27. A 28.
D 29. C 30. B 31. C 32. B 33. D 34. A 35. D
Part III Translation
Section A Put
the following into Chinese:
海湾战争一月十八日开始的时候，当局认
为多国部队锐不可挡，战争不会旷
日持久。但现在看起来恰恰相反，我们起码得等上好几个月，战争才会
结束。
无论波斯湾上空的战云密布多久，无可否认这场战争真是个悲剧。目前这个
地区充满了
轰炸机、战舰和士兵。萨达姆侯赛因已经好几天满无目标地轰炸了以
色列和沙特阿拉伯。他甚至肆无忌惮
地威胁要用携带细菌弹头或化学弹头的导
弹。
海湾战争是否正义，是一个很有争议的问题。虽
然赞成出兵的人占多数，但
也有相当多的人反对英国介入其中。
Section
B Put the following abstract into English:
From the aspects of English title, author’s
signature and affiliation, English
abstract
and English keywords, the paper describes the
writing characteristics,
patterns and some
errors that should be avoided in abstract writing.
At the same time,
it stresses paying attention
to the objectiveness, science and language style
of abstract
writing. The standardization of
English abstract writing will be beneficial to the
sci-tech papers to be quoted by international
abstract journals, and to the impacts of
scientific research results in China to be
spread over the world.