党员的权利和义务-企业规章制度范本

2018年5月翻译资格考试二级英语笔译实务真题及答案
英译中
第一篇文章
Near Cambodia's Temple Ruins a Devotion to Learning.
走进破败的柬埔寨庙宇，感受学习的热情。
Millions of tourists come here every year to visit the ancient ruins of Angkor
Wat an influx that has helped transform what once resembled a small laid-back
village into a thriving and cosmopolitan town with thumping nightlife and more
than 10000 hotel rooms.
每年，都有数以百万计的游客造访吴哥窟，以观赏当地古老的历史遗迹，而这个游客聚居
之地，也一改 往日偏僻村落的闲适之常态，一举成为一座经济发展呈迅猛之势的国际化城
镇。一万间宾馆客房拔地而起 ，赋予游客激情四射的夜生活。
But the explosion of the tourism industry here has also done something less
predictable. Siem Reap which had no universities a decade ago is now Cambodia’
s second-largest hub for higher education after the capital Phnom Penh.
但是，吴哥窟旅游业的爆棚式发展，也取得了某些意料之外 的成果。十年前，暹粒还是一
片学术的不毛之地，而今，暹粒已发展壮大成为柬埔寨第二大高等教育中心 ，高等院校规
模仅次于首都金边。
The sons and daughters of impoverished rice farmers flock here to work as tour
guides receptionists bartenders and waitresses. When their shifts are over they
study finance English and accounting.
来自贫困 稻农家的儿女们，一股脑地涌向暹粒。他们在这里要么做导游，要么从事接待工
作；要么做调酒师，从事 服务生的活计。每及轮班结束后，他们便会一头扎进金融、英语
和会计的学习之中。
The establishment of five private universities here is helping to transform the
work force in this part of Cambodia. Employers say that English proficiency is
rising and that workers who attend universities stand out for their ability to
express themselves and make decisions. A generation of students who would otherwise
have had little hope to study beyond high school are enduring grueling schedules
to get a degree and pursue their dreams.
暹粒设立的五所私立大学， 正为改观当地的劳动人口推波助澜。老板们表示，员工的英语
水平正在飞跃，接受高等教育的员工能表达 自己的意愿，然后作出相应的决策，从而，也
就容易在职场中脱颖而出。这一代学生本未对在高中毕业后 继续深造寄予厚望，而现在，
他们正在努力地完成繁重的学业，以期获得学位，追寻梦想。
Khim Borin a 26-year-old tour guide by day and law student by night says he wants
to become a lawyer. But he sometimes has trouble staying awake in class during
the high tourist season when he spends hours scaling vertiginous temple steps and
baking in the tropical sun.
时年26岁的金•波林 ，白天做导游，晚上却是一名主修法律的学生。波林声称，他梦想成
为一名律师。然而，在旅游的旺季， 他每天都要爬上那令人晕眩的神庙台阶，且还不得不
在热带阳光的炙烤下暴晒数个小时，这不免让他在晚 间的课堂上心力交瘁。
But the symbiosis of work and study here came together without any master plan.
而在暹粒，工作与学习相得益彰，并无任何的总体规划。

It was driven largely by supply and demand: universities opened to cater to the
dreams of Cambodia’s youth — and offered flexible hours in sync with the rhythms
of the tourist industry.
供求关系是 其中最主要的推动因素：开办大学就是要为柬埔寨的年轻人实现夙愿，按照旅
游业的工作节奏，灵活地设 置学习课时。
After graduation students who work and study at the same time often have an edge
over fresh graduates who have never worked before for whom starting a career can
be difficult Ms. Chan and others say. University students are “more communicative”
she said. “If they don’t like something they speak out.”
陈女士和其他人皆表示，相较于那些没有工 作经验的应届生，半工半读的学生往往在毕业
后有着更大的优势，那些从未工作过的学生在其职业生涯的 起始阶段总难免挫折。陈女士
还认为，“大学生‘与人交流起来更加坦率’。对于不喜之事物，他们定会 和盘托出。”
Ms. Chan and others say they are lucky that Angkor’s temples have proved so popular
with tourists. If it were not for the sandstone structures nestled in the jungles
Siem Reap would probably have remained a backwater. Last year 3.3 million tourists
visited Siem Reap half of them foreigners according to the Cambodian Ministry of
Tourism.
陈女士等人还说，吴哥窟神庙能如此地备受游客追捧，那是多么地幸运倍至 。若不是出于
这片丛林里的砂岩建筑群，暹粒可能仍然还是一个闭塞的小村落。据柬埔寨旅游部统计，< br>去年共计有330万游客造访暹粒，而其中一半的游客为外来人士。
英译中
第二篇文章
Faculty shortage could thwart India's education dream.
译文：师资短缺已成为印度教育梦的绊脚石。
翻译解析：本标题的翻译主要集中在对单词thwart的准确释义上。翻译新手往往会字对
字 进行翻译，而且对thwart的理解偏颇。Could thwart说明了Faculty shortage对India's
education dream的直接影响。所以，既要避免字 对字，又要兼顾文采，还要译文传神。
那我认为可以抛开原文的语序限定，将thwart直接翻译为绊 脚石。从而，起到一箭三调
的作用。
At one of the better colleges in India's capital there is just one large room for
140 faculty members to sit and have a cup of tea or grade papers.
show up there aren't enough chairs
is no other place to work. In this situation how do you expect teachers to work?
译文：玛丽学院，作为印度首都新德里设施较好的学院之一，也只配备了一个大房间， 以
供140名教工集体休憩或阅卷。“即便该房间只容留70名教职员工，那办公座椅也不够用，”玛丽学院的一位历史学教授阿明如是说。“在别无他处办公的窘境下，教员们该怎么安心
工作呀？”
翻译解析：本段原文英语看似简短、平淡，实则暗藏的语义内容较为丰富。这就需要充分
发挥汉 语的优势，对原文进行细致的解剖和深入的语言雕琢。首句：At one of the better
colleges in India's capital there is just one large room for 140 faculty members
to sit and have a cup of tea or grade papers. 本段理解主要集中在单词better，
句子there is just one large room和句子to sit and have a cup of tea的理解上。
Better 一定要翻译出较好的意思，而且根据上下文，要在译文进行增译处理。即：不仅仅
要翻译出较好，还得强 调是设施较好。否则不但体现不出既定的语境，而且还会为下一句

的遣词造句之顺利出场 增加唐突性。句子there is just one large room的理解，一定
要翻译出仅仅只配备有一个大房间。而句子to sit and have a cup of tea，其中的to
sit可以翻译为就坐，但这样显得译文过于平淡，如果将就坐和 喝茶一起来理解的话，无
非就是休息或者休憩。所以，have a cup of tea其实是可以做省译处理。后句和尾句：

there. is no other place to work. In this situation how do you expect teachers
to work?这两句在理解上，难度都不算大。但还是有一些需要注意的地方，比如history
professor，千万不能翻译为历史教授，正确的理解为历史学教授。而尾句
other place to work. In this situation how do you expect teachers to work?鉴
于语意的连贯性，可以将其一道整合起来理解，尽量避免字对字。
The lack of amenities for faculty members is not the only issue. After 30 years
at Mary College which is one of dozens administered by the University of Delhi
Ms. Amin makes the equivalent of
$$22000 a year - less than half of what some of her better students will make in
their first jobs. New opportunities offer not just more money for graduates but
also mobility and flexibility which are virtually unheard of for faculty at most
of India's colleges and universities.
译文：然而，印度教育所面临的问题不仅仅 是教员设施的不足。尽管，阿明女士在贵为德
里大学下设的其中之一所院校的玛丽学院已执教30载，但 她的年薪只有22000美元。这
样的薪资还不及她执教过的那些得意门生们首份工作年薪的一半。新的 机遇不仅仅为大学
毕业生带来了更为丰厚的经济回报，而且还为工作赋予了流动性和灵活性，而这些福利 都
是印度大学教员们闻所未闻的。
翻译解析：本段原文英语依然延续了简洁的表达文风，将教 员与大学毕业生的收入进行了
强烈的对比。故，在对本段汉语译文的编织中，要尤其注意感情色彩的铺陈 和合理演绎。
整句看似形容结构很繁杂，其实主旨就一条，那就是印度教育所面临的问题不仅仅是教员< br>设施的不足，还有收入回报悬殊的问题。本段几乎无语言难点，全文只需要抓住After 30
years at Mary College which is one of dozens administered by the University of
Delhi这一句，并对其 进行合理的语言架构，突出句子暗含的感情色彩。一定要翻译出玛
丽学院贵为德里大学的下设院校，突出 玛丽学院的身份和优越性，从而进一步凸显主人公
阿明案例的代表性。把控好该段的核心要义，则整句的 遣词造句便是顺理成章，水到渠成。
All this means that India is facing a severe shortage of faculty members. But it
is not just low pay and lack of facilities that are being blamed. According to
a government report published last year a massive expansion in higher education
combined with a poor supply of PhD's delays in recruitment and the lack of
incentives to attract and nurture talent has led to a situation in which 40 percent
of existing faculty positions remain vacant. The report's authors mostly academics
found that if the shortfall is calculated using the class size recommended by the
government this figure jumps to 54 percent.
译文：诸此种种，无不意味着印度正遭遇 着教工严重短缺的问题。但不能将其仅仅归咎于
薪资低廉和设施匮乏。根据去年发布的一份政府报告，高 等教育的大规模扩张，博士数量
的供不应求，加之招聘滞后与吸纳和培养人才激励措施的缺乏。这一切致 使现有教职工岗
位空缺率高达40％。该份政府报告的作者大多从事学术研究，他们研究发现，如果按照 印
度政府倡导的班级规模来计算话，则现有教职工岗位空缺率将骤增至54％。
翻译解析：本 段虽然句子较为分散，但是语意很是连贯。详细讲述了造成师资短缺的根源。

本段语言难 点也较少，全文的难点在于According to a government report published last
year a massive expansion in higher education combined with a poor supply of PhD's
delays in recruitment and the lack of incentives to attract and nurture talent
has led to a situation in which
40 percent of existing faculty positions remain vacant对这个长句的理解上。 鉴于
该句修饰成分较多，翻译的时候要拿捏好哪些是铺垫成分，哪些是句子的主干，而哪些是
从 句。哪些是概括，哪些是解释成分。搞清楚句子的复杂结构，本句的翻译可谓峰回路转，
柳暗花明。学员 可以根据译文，来揣度这其中的深意。
Experts say this is the clearest sign that India will fail to meet the goal set
by the education minister who has pledged to more than double the size of the
country's higher education system by 2020. They say that while the ambition is
laudable the absence of a long-term strategy to develop faculty will ensure that
India's education dream remains just that.
译文：专家们表示，这清晰地表明印度将难以实 现其教育部长所设定的目标，即承诺将在
2020年前使印度高等教育学生的数量翻一番。专家们一致认 为，虽然这一雄心壮志值得嘉
许，但由于缺乏培育教员的长期战略，印度的教育梦也只能是空想。
翻译解析：本段语言较为概括。本段语言难点也较少，难点在于对尾句They say that while
the ambition is laudable the absence of a long-term strategy to develop faculty
will ensure that India's education dream remains just that的理解上。要揣摩句子
间的情感转折色彩，remains just that在此可理解为搁浅或者空想。Mr. Balakrishnan of
Indian institute of technology in Delhi meanwhile was more optimistic. He felt
India could enroll as much as 25 percent of eligible students in colleges and
universities - about twice the current figure - by the end of this decade.
changes are happeninghe said. debate that has happened in the last few years
has taken people out of their comfort zones. There is more consensus across the
board that we need to scale quality education.
译文：而位于德里的印度理工学院巴拉科瑞斯南先 生则持更为乐观的态度。他认为，到2020
年，印度届时可从高等学府招募到25%的优秀毕业生作为 高教职工。这个比率约为现今的
两倍。“真实的变化正在进行，”巴拉科瑞斯南先生如是说。“过去这几 年间喋喋不休的论
辩结果就是人们已经走出了安乐窝。普及素质教育，已然成为所有人的共识。” 翻译解析：本段应该算整篇文章的压轴段落。原文语言不仅精简，而且晦涩难懂。还掺杂
了一些不太 常用的表达。让人不得不佩服出题官的用心良苦。本段难点主要集中在词组
Comfort zones的准确释意和结尾两句The debate that has happened in the last few
years has taken people out of their comfort zones. There is more consensus across
the board that we need to scale quality educat ion的理解。这两句我结合全文进行
了个性化的语言编织，旨为翻译学员提供一种理解维度。

中译英
第一篇
2000多年前，亚欧大陆上勤劳勇敢的人民，探索出多 条连接亚欧非几大文明的贸易和人文
交流通路，后人将其统称为“丝绸之路”。千百年来，“和平合作、 开放包容、互利共赢”
的丝绸之路精神薪火相传，极大地促进了沿线各国繁荣发展。
More than two millennia ago the valiant and industrious people from Eurasia have
explored several routes for trade and people-to-people exchanges lixxxxnking the

major civilizations of Asia Europe and Africa which are collectively called the
Silk Road by later generations. For thousands of years the Silk Road Spirit of

situations
prosperity and development of those countries along the Silk Road.
进入21世纪 ，面对复苏乏力的全球经济形势，纷繁复杂的国际和地区局面，传承和弘扬
丝绸之路精神更显重要。“一 带一路”建设是一项系统工程，要坚持共商、共建、共享原
则，积极推进沿线国家发展战略的相互对接。 “一带一路”致力于亚欧非大陆及附近海洋
的互联互通，建立和加强沿线各国互联互通伙伴关系，构建全 方位、多层次互联互通网络，
实现沿线各国多元、自主、平衡、可持续的发展。“一带一路”的互联互通 项目将发掘区
域内市场的潜力，促进投资和消费，创造需求和就业，增进沿线各国人民的人文交流。
In the 21st century it is more important for the Silk Road Spirit to be inherited
and expanded in face of the weak recovery of the world economy and complex
international as well as regional situations. In the principle of shared
deliberation actively promoting mutual docking of Development Strategies along
the Silk Road will be a pressing matter of the moment now that “the Belt and Road
Initiative” is a systematic project.
“一带一路”的互联互通项目将发掘区域内市场的潜力，促进投资和消费，创造需求 和就
业，增进沿线各国人民的人文交流。
The Belt and Road Initiative aims to promote the connectivity of Asian European
and African continents as well as their adjacent seas establish and strengthen
partnerships among the countries along the Belt and Road establish all-dimensional
and multi-tiered connectivity networks so as to achieve diversified independent
balanced and sustainable development of all these countries. The connectivity
projects of “the Belt and Road Initiative” will tap potential of regional market
improve investment and consumption create demands and employments and enhance
people-to-people exchanges among all relevant countries.

中译英
第二篇
2016年，中国的一个三口之 家的碳排放量平均为2.7吨。目前，这个数字已升至3.5吨。
而在北京、上海、广州等大城市，每个 家庭的平均碳排放量已接近10吨。碳汇(Carbon Sink)
主要是指森林吸收并储存二氧化碳 的能力。森林是陆地生态系统中最大的碳汇库。在降低
大气中温室气体浓度、减缓全球气候变暖中具有十 分重要的独特作用。
In 2016 the carbon emission of a family with three members in China averaged 2.7
tons but now it has risen to 3.5 tons. In metropolises such as Beijing Shanghai
and Guangzhou and so on the average carbon emission of each household is close
to 10 tons. Carbon Sink function refers to the capability that a forest absorbs
and stores carbon dioxides as forests are the largest carbon sinks of the
terrestrial ecosystem which play an important and unique role in reducing the
concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and reliving global warming.
据统计数字，每人每年只需要种3棵树，就可以吸收个人当年排放的 二氧化碳。目前中国
正在开展公众可参加的碳汇林项目，如将建四川大熊猫栖息地的熊猫碳汇林项目等。 作为
碳排放大户的一些企业也已行动起来，先后在全国十多个省区建碳汇林60多万公顷。中