蓝宝书_GRE词汇突破 精排打印版

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1 蓝宝GRE笔考词汇突破核心词汇 蓝宝GRE笔考词汇突破核心词汇 1
List 1 abandon-----align
abacus [] n. 算盘(frame with balls for calculating)
(类)abacus·calculated=balance·weighted 算盘·计算=天平·称量(工具及其作用)
abacus·calculate=sextant·n avigate算盘·计算=六分仪·航海(工具及其作用)
abandon [] vt. 放弃(to give up without intent to return)n. 放任,放纵
(类)abandon·inhibition=voluble·terseness 放纵·压抑=罗嗦的·简洁(反义)
abandon·inhibition=conscious·numbness 放任·压抑=有意识的·麻木(反义)
abandon·inhibition=tranquility·agitation 放纵·压抑=冷静·激动(反义)
abandon·inhibition=despair·hope 放纵·压抑=绝望·希望(反义)
(反)salvage ◆ abandon 救助 ◆ 放弃(to withdraw one's support or help from)
(例)He abandoned himself to despair. 他自暴自弃。
abase [] v. 贬低降低地位、威望或尊严(to lower in rank, prestige, or esteem)
(类)abase·prestige=damp·ardor 降低·声望=抑制·热情 (动作及其相关对象)
abase·status=shorten·length 降低·地位=缩短·长度 (动作及其相关对象)
curtail·duration=abase·strength 缩减·持续时间=降低·力量 (动作及其相关对象)
(记)a+base(降低)→贬低 (同)bemean, degrade, demean, humiliate
(例)A man who betrays a friend abases himself. 叛友者实为自贬身份。
abash [] vt. 使不安,使愧疚(to destroy the self-possession
沉着
or self-confidence of) < br>(类)unabashed·embarrassment=unheralded·announcem ent
不知羞耻的·局促不安=未预告的·宣告(反义)
【注:unabashed:not abashed 意思是不知羞耻的。同undisguised, unapologetic, brazen,
shameless, barefaced, blatant, brassy, brazenfaced, impudent, overbold, unblushing】
(反)embolden ◆ abash faze 使大胆 ◆ 使不安 使狼狈
(同)confound, confuse, discomfit, disconcert, faze
(记)bash联想:bath洗澡→在别人面前洗澡是令人害羞的
abate [] v. 减轻,减低(to reduce in degree or intensity)
(类)abate·tax=alleviate·distress 减轻·税=减轻·压力(动作与其相关对象)
abate·force=fade·loudness 减轻·力量=减弱·声音(动作与其相关对象)
abate·intensity=taper·width 减轻·强度=逐渐变细·宽(动作与其相关对象)
abate·degree=discount·price 减轻·程度=减价·价格(动作与其相关对象)
(反)intensify 强化 promote促进 augment 增加 increase in intensity 剧烈增长
(例)the storm abated slowly 暴风雨逐渐减弱。
(同)lull, moderate, relent, slacken, subside, wane
(记)ab(否定)+ ate(吃)联想:不吃是为了减轻体重。
abbreviate [] v. 缩写,缩短,(to make briefer)
(类)abridge·word=abbreviate·letter
删减·词语=简化·文字(动作及其相关对象)
abbreviation·sentence=synopsis·narrative
句子缩写·句子=叙述摘要·叙述(动作及其相关对象)
abbreviation·sentence=abridgment·essay
句子缩写·句子=文章删节·文章(动作及其相关对象)
(反)extend 扩增 protract 延长 (同)abridge, curtail, cut,retrench, slash
(例)to abbreviate the December to Dec 把December 简写为 Dec
abdicate [] v. 让位,放弃(to relinquish formally)
(类)abdicate·thro ne=recant·belief让位·王位=放弃信仰·信仰(动作及其相关对象)
(反)abdicate ◆ constitute 让位 ◆ 任命
abdicate ◆ assume 放弃 ◆ 采纳
abdicate ◆ usurp 让位 ◆ 篡位
(记)ab+dic(说话,命令)+ate 联想:不再命令→退位
(同)discard, shed,slough, renounce, resign
abdomen [] n. 腹,下腹(stomach and bowels)
aberrant [] adj. 异常的,非常规的(deviating from the usual or natural type)
(类)aberrant·standard=digressive·topic 异常的·标准=离题的·主题
(反)aberrant ◆ normal 异常的 ◆ 正常的
(记)ab+err(=error错误)+ant→走向错误→越轨的
(同)anomalous, atypical, deviant
(例)a rocket on an aberrant course 逸出轨道的火箭
abet [] v. 帮助、支持、怂恿(to assist or support in the achievement of a purpose)
(类)abet·assistance=counsel·guidance 协助·帮助=顾问·指导(同义)
abet·encouragement=elucidate·clarity 协助·鼓励=阐明·清晰(行为及其结果)
(反)stymie;frustrate;obstru ct;thwart;impede;forestall(阻挠)
(记)联想:因为一个赌,所以要帮助
(例)abetted the thief in robbing the bank. 怂恿盗贼抢劫银行
abeyance [] n. 中止,暂停,搁置(temporary inactivity)
(反)abeyance ◆ continuance 暂停 ◆ 继续
abeyance ◆ fulfillment 中止 ◆ 施行
(同)doldrums,latency, quiescence, suspension
(记)abey=obey 遵守。联想:遵守停火(暂停)协议。
(例)The law go into abeyance. 这项法律停止生效。
abhor [] vt. 憎恶,痛恨(to regard with extreme repugnance)
(类)abhorrence·dislike=adoration·fondness 厌恶·不喜欢=崇拜·爱(程度)
(反)abhor ◆ greatly admire 痛恨 ◆ 非常崇拜
(记)ab+hor(恨,怕) 参考:horrible 可怕的
(同)detest, execrate, loathe, contemn, disdain
abiding [] adj. 永久的,持久的(to remain stable or fixed in a state)
(反)evanescent;ephemeral(短暂的)
(同)enduring, firm, steadfast, steady
(记)来自abide容忍 联想:能忍的人能够持久地做一件事
(例)an abiding love of music. 对音乐持久的爱好an abiding friendship 永恒的友谊
abject [] adj. 卑微的;精神不振的(cast down in spirit)
(反)exultant(得意洋洋的) spirited(生气勃勃地) exciting(兴奋的)
(记)ab+ject(抛扔)→抛掉的→可怜的,精神不振的 参考:reject拒绝,丢弃;project投射
(例)He was made abject by suffering他被痛苦折磨得无精打采。
abjure [] v. 发誓放弃(renounce upon oath)
(反)affirm 肯定 espouse支持 embrace支持(干扰:insist)
(记)ab+jure(发誓)→发誓不要 参考:jury 陪审团perjury 伪证adjure恳请 conjure 恳求
(例)He abjured the errors of his former faith他发誓放弃以前信念的错误。
ablution n. 洗澡;洗礼(a washing of the body, especially as part of a religious rite)
(记)词根:lut(洗)参考:dilute 稀释;另类记忆:参看pollution 联想:被污染所以要洗干净。
abnegation [] v. 放弃,自我牺牲(renunciation;self- sacrifice)
(反)abnegate ◆ reaffirm 放弃 ◆ 重新肯定
(记)neg(反对,否认)→放弃; 参考:negative(消极的)renege(背信,否认)
abolition [] n. 废除,废除奴隶制
(类)anarchist·government=abolitionist·slavery
无政府主义者反政府=废奴主义者反奴隶制
(反)abolition ◆ persist in slavery 废除奴隶制 ◆ 坚持奴隶制
(记)参考:abolish(废除) abolish ◆ establish 废除 ◆ 建立
abominate [ ] v. 憎恶(to hate or loathe intensely)
(反)abominate ◆ esteem 憎恶 ◆ 尊敬
(同)abhor, detest, execrate, loathe
(记)ab+omin(=词根:omen 预兆)→不好的兆头→憎恶;参考:ominous:预兆的,恶兆的
另类记忆:bomb(炸弹)联想:人们都很憎恶炸弹。
aboriginal [ l ] adj.土著的, 原来的n.土著居民
(记)ori(=起源,升起)参考:origin起源oriental东方的
abortive [] adj. 早产的, 流产的, 失败的(failing to accomplish an intended objective;
fruitless)
(例)We had to abandon our abortive attempts. 我们不得不放弃我们失败的尝试。
(记)Abort,Retry,Fail?异常中断,重试,失败?计算机上经常出现的提示
abound [] vi. 多, 大量存在, 富于, 充满(to be great in number or amount)
aboveboard adj. 无欺诈的(free from all traces of deceit)adv. 光明磊落地(forthright,straight)
(反)surreptitious ◆ barefaced aboveboard 暗中的 ◆ 公然的 无欺诈的
chicanery ◆ aboveboard action 欺诈 ◆ 光明磊落
abrade [] v. 磨损(to rub or wear away especially by friction:erode)
(类)abraded·friction=vaporized·heat 磨损由于摩擦=蒸发由于加热
(反)abrade ◆ augment 磨损 ◆ 增加
(同)corrade, erode, gall, graze, rub, ruffle, wear
abreast [  ] adv 并排地,齐头并进的,比肩的(up to a particular standard or level)
(例)keeps abreast of the latest trends 与最新的潮流齐头并进。
(记)a+breast 胸
abridge [] v. 删减,缩短,压缩(to reduce the length of a written text;condense)
(反)condensed ◆ unabridged 浓缩的 ◆ 未压缩的
(反)amplify(扩大) extend in length;protract(延长)
(记)参考:abbreviate缩写;brief简报
(例)The rights of citizens must not be abridged. 公民权利不能擅予削减。
abrogate [] v. 废除(法令等);取消(to abolish by authoritative action)
(反)embrace支持 uphold支持 institute创立
(记)ab(否定)+rog(问)+ate→不再 值得过问→干脆取消;参考:interrogate(审问)
(例)This custom was abrogated years ago. 这一惯例多年前业已废除。
abrupt [] adj. 突然的, 陡峭的, 生硬的(unexpectedly sudden)
(记)rupt折断 参考:rupture 破裂,裂开bankrupt破产corrupt v. 腐败,堕落
abscission [] v. 切断
(反)abscission ◆ process of grafting 切断 ◆ 嫁接
abscond [] v. 潜逃(to depart secretly and hide oneself)
(类)abscond·leave=(steal pilfer)·take 潜逃·离开=偷·拿(偷偷与正常)
abscond·depart=secrete·store=lurk·wait 潜逃·离开=隐藏·储藏=埋伏·等待
scheme·plot =follow·shadow=leave·abscond 策划·阴谋=跟随·尾随=离开·潜逃
(记)abs(离开)+cond(隐藏) 参考:recondite(深奥的)condiment (调味品)
absentminded adj.心不在焉的,茫然的
absolute [] v. 绝对的,无限制的(complete;totally unlimited;certain)
( 类)inevitable·chance=absolute·variability不可避免不会偶然=绝 对不会改变(反面特征)
(反)absolute ◆ qualified 绝对的 ◆ 有限制的
absolve [] v. 赦免;使无罪(to set free from an obligation or the consequences of guilt) < br>(类)exculpatory·absolve=motivational·stir=hortat ive·encourage
辩解的·赦免=激发的·煽动=劝告的·鼓励(目的)
(反)inculpate 治罪 indict起诉
(记)ab+solve(解决) 联想:问题解决→无罪赦免 参考:solvent(可溶解的)
(同)exempt, discharge, dispense, excuse, relieve
(例)They agree to absolve us from our obligation. 他们同意免除我们的责任。
absorb [  ] vt. 吸收, 吸引;对光线吸收(不反射)
(反)exude流出;dissipate驱散 reflect反射
abstain [] v. 主动戒绝,自我抑制 (to refrain from something by one's own choice)
(类)mandatory·comply=forbidden·abstain 强制的·服从=禁止的·戒除(前者要求后者)
(记)ab(否定)+ stain(污点) 联想:不要污点→主动戒绝坏毛病
(例)abstain from traditional political rhetoric. 避开不用传统的政治修辞
abstemious [] adj. 有节制的(restraint especially in the consumption of food)
(类)reticent·talk=abstemious·gorge 沉默寡言的很少谈论=节制的不贪吃
(类)abstemious·indulge=austere ·decorate有节制的不放纵=简朴的不修饰(反面特征)
参考:timeworn·novelty=convolution·simplicity 陈旧·新颖=复杂·简单(反义)
【干扰:austere·decorate】(注意反面特征关系与反义关系的不同)
(反)abstemious ◆ indulgent 节制的 ◆ 放纵的
abstract [] vt. 1. 摘要,提炼, 抽象化 2. 心不在焉
(反)abstract ◆ elaborate 提炼 ◆ 使复杂
abstraction ◆ attention 心不在焉 ◆ 关注
(记)abs+tract(往外拉)联想:摘出 参考:tractor 拖拉机 retract 撤回,收回
abstruse [] adj. 深奥的(difficult to comprehend;recondite)
(类)abstruse·comprehension=indiscernible·vision 深奥的·理解=看不见的·显现(难以)
(反)accessible(可了解的)patent(明显的)
(记)abs(不)+trus(进入,推)→不能进入→深奥的 参考:protrusion伸出 intrusion侵扰
truss (支架:起到支撑,推一把的作用)
(例)Your statement is a bit too abstruse. 你的话很难理解。
absurb [  ] adj.荒谬的, 荒唐可笑的(insane,loony;preposterous)
(反)rational 理性的sensible有判断力的
abundant [] adj. 丰富的,盛产,富于
(反)infrequent, rare, uncommon; inadequate, scanty , scarce
abuse [] v. 辱骂,毁谤(to attack in words;revile)滥用,虐待
(类)declamation·grandiloquence=diatribe·abuse 雄辩·夸夸其谈=恶骂·辱骂(同义)
【注】grandiloquence:a pompous style in language;declaim:to speak pompously
(类)polemic·disputatious=invective·abusive 好争论的·好争辩的=漫骂的·辱骂的(同
义)
diatribe·abuse=burlesque·mockery 恶骂·辱骂=讽刺的嘲笑·嘲笑(同义)
(例)verbal abuse. 污言秽语 to abuse a privilege 滥用特权 to abuse a horse虐待一匹马
(记)ab(表否定)+ use(用)不怎么好好用→滥用
abut [  ] v. 邻接, 毗邻(lie adjacent)
(类)contiguous·abut= simultaneous·coincide毗邻的·毗邻=同时发生的·同时发生(形动同义)
(记)观察:a和b在字母表中毗邻;u和t 在字母表中也毗邻→邻接, 毗邻
abysmal [] adj. 深不可测的,无底的(immeasurably low or wretched)
(类)stygian·dark=abysmal·low 极黑的·黑=极深的·低的(程度)
(记)来自:abyss(深渊)a+byss(谐音:必死)联想:一个人跳入深渊必死。
acarpous [] adj.不结果实的(effete, no longer fertile, worn out)
(记)carpo-前缀,表示果实 参考:carpodermis果皮

accede [] v. 同意(concede)加入(条约)(to become a party to an treaty)
(反)demur (反对)
(记)cede(放弃,割让)→放弃自己的意见→同意;参考:concede让步 recede后退
academic [  ] adj. 学院的,学术的,理论的
(记)参考:academician 学会委员,院士,大学生
accelerate [] v. 加速,促进(to move faster:gain speed)
(类)accelerate·speed=prolong·duration 加速·速度=延长·持续时间(动作及其相关对象)
expedite·process=accelerate·pace 促进·过程=加速·步调(动作及其相关对象)
(反)accelerate ◆ retard 促进 ◆ 阻碍
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2 蓝宝GRE笔考词汇突破核心词汇 蓝宝GRE笔考词汇突破核心词汇 2
(记)celer (速度)→加速 参考:celerity(敏捷,速度)

accentuate [] v. 重读, 强调(to stress or emphasize; intensify)
(记)ac(加强)+cent(=cant唱,说)+uate→重读;参考:accent 重音
access [] n. 通路(passage),入口 vt. 接近
accessible [] adj. 易接近的;可理解的(easy to approach;obtainable)
(类)cache·hidden=summit·inaccessible 隐藏处是隐藏的=顶点是难以达到的(正面特征)
(反)abstruse ◆ accessible patent 深奥的 ◆ 容易理解的 明显的
(记)来自access (通路,入门)cess(走)参考:success,process
accessory [] adj.附属的(additional object;useful but not essential thing)
(反)accessory ◆ of primarily importance 附属的 ◆ 主要的
(记)刚入门(access)一般都要当下属。参考:process 过程
(例)accessory of a bicycle 自行车的附件
accidental [] adj. 意外的,偶然的(occurring unexpectedly or by chance)
(类)inventiveness·accidental=effect·casual
创造发明·意外的=必然结果·偶然的(反面特征)
【注】effect:something that inevitably follows an antecedent 必然结果
(反)safeguard·accident=hedge·loss 安全装置·事故=篱笆·丢失(防止关系)
intentional·accidental=arrogant·humble 故意的·意外的=傲慢的·谦逊的(反义)
(记)cid(落下)→意外的 联想:苹果落下是意外的,但牛顿从中发现必然的规律。
参考:incident(事件,事变) deciduous(每年落叶的)
acclaim [  ] nv. 称赞,欢呼(to praise enthusiastically and often publicly)
(同)commend,applaud,compliment,hail,k udize,praise,recommend
(派)acclaimed adj. 受欢迎的
acclimate [] vt. 使适应气候环境(to adapt to a new climate, environment)

(反)acclimate ◆ make unfamiliar with 使适应 ◆ 使不熟悉
(记)ac+climate(气候) 联想:适应气候、环境
acclivity [ ] n. 向上的斜坡(an upward slope, as of a hill)
accolade [] n. 推崇备至,赞扬(an expression of praise)
(反)accolade ◆ cutting remark speak ill derogate 称赞 ◆ 苛评 挑毛病 贬损
accolade ◆ criticism excoriate disapprobation 赞扬 ◆ 批评 严厉的责难 不赞成
accolade ◆ reprobate reproof denigration 极力赞扬 ◆ 斥责 谴责 毁誉
accolade ◆ swearword denunciation castigation 极力赞扬 ◆ 咒骂 谴责 斥责
(记)cola 联想可乐,可乐产品在全球得到赞誉
(例)The play received accolades from the press. 这部戏受到报纸的称赞。
accommodate [] v. 提供方便(to provide with something desired as a helpful
service)
(类)obliterate·remove=accommodate·supply 删除·除去=提供方便·供给(同义)
(记)参考:commodity n.日用品,商品(用来提供生活上的方便)
accomodating adj. 能够通融的,乐于助人的
accompany [] vt. 陪伴, 伴奏
accomplice [] n.同谋,帮凶(one associated with another especially in wrongdoing)
accomplish [] vt. 完成, 实现(to succeed in doing; bring to pass)
(记)参考:accomplished 娴熟的;有造诣的:毫无疑问的;不容置疑的
accord [ ] vt.使符合,使一致(to cause to conform or agree; bring into harmony)n.一致
(记)参考:in accord with 和„一致
accost [] vt. 问候,致意(greet, hail, salute)大胆靠近(to approach boldly or in a challenging
or sometimes a defensive manner)
(类)accost·approach =importune·request 大胆靠近·接近=不断要求强求·要求
(前者是后者的特殊方式)干扰:(bequest·give)(glorify·praise)
(例)We were accosted by a beggar who demanded money.
我们大着胆子靠近一个要钱的乞丐。
accountability n. 有责任,有义务
(记)来自account 帐目,说明
accret [] v. 逐渐增长(to make larger or greater, as by increased growth)
(类)accrete·growth=erode·d estruction=inch·advance
渐增是逐渐增长=腐蚀是逐渐破坏=缓慢移动是逐渐前进
强调逐渐的过程(干扰:endure·tolerance同义)
(反)accrete ◆ wear away 渐增 ◆ 销蚀
accretion ◆ reduction in substance caused by erosion 渐增 ◆ 因腐蚀减少
accrue [  ] vi.自然增加, 产生
accumulate [] vi. 积聚,堆积(to gather or pile up especially little by little;
amass)
(反)dissipate ◆ accumulate 消散,浪费 ◆ 积累
accurate [] adj. 正确的, 精确的
accuse [  ] v. 谴责,指责(to charge with a shortcoming or an erro)

acerbic [] adj. 酸的,涩的(acid in temper, mood, or tone)
(反)acerbic ◆ sweet 酸的 ◆ 甜的
acerbity ◆ saccharin 酸 ◆ 糖精
(记)a+cer(谐音:涩)或者从形近词acid(酸的,刻薄的)角度进行记忆
acidulous [  ] adj. 微酸的,尖酸刻薄的(slightly sour in taste or in manner)
(记)acid酸 参考:acidity 酸度,酸性
achromatic [] adj. 非彩色的, 无色的(possessing no hue) < br>(类)achromatic·hue=extraneous·essence=transitory ·permanence
无色的·色调=无关的·本质=短暂的·永久
(记)a(表示无)+chroma(色彩)→无色的
acknowledge [] vt.承认(to admit the existence, reality, or truth of)
acme n.顶点,极点(the highest point or stage)
(类)acme·mountain=crest·wave 山顶·山=浪尖·海浪 (事物及其顶点)
acme·surpass=impossible·execute 顶点无法超越=不可能的无法执行
(同)apex , apogee climax, peak, pinnacle, summit zenith
acolyte [] n.侍僧, 助手
(记)谐音“爱客来的” 联想:爱客人来的助手
accorn [] n.橡树果, 橡子
acoustic [] adj.有关声音的, 声学的
acquaint [] vt. 使熟知,通知(to make familiar : cause to know firsthand)
(记)参考:acquaintance认识,熟人
acquiesce [] v. 勉强同意;默许(to accept tacitly or passively)
(类)intransigent·acquiesce=deferential·offend 不妥协的·默许=恭敬的·冒犯(反面特
征)
(反)resist 抵制 defy 抗拒
(记)ac+quiesce(=quiet安静) 联想:保持沉默→默许
(同)assent, accede, agree, consent
(例)We acquiesced in their plan. 我们只得默认他们的计划。
acquisition [] n. 获得(the act of acquiring)
(反)divestiture ◆ acquisition 剥夺 ◆ 获得
【注:divest :v. to deprive or dispossess especially of property, authority, or title】
(记)来自acquire 获得,得到。参考:acquired 后天努力得到的acquisitive渴望获得的,贪
婪的
acre [] n. 英亩
(类)ream·paper=acre·land 纸的单位·纸=亩·土地
acquit [  ] vt. 宣告无罪(to free or clear from a charge or accusation)
acrid [] adj. 辛辣的,刺鼻的(sharp and harsh in taste or odor)
(类)acrid·odor=grating piercing·sound 刺激的·味道=刺耳的·声音(形修饰名)
acrid·gentleness=forthright·guile 辛辣的·温和的=直率的·狡诈(反面特征)
(反)acrid ◆ gentle 辛辣的 ◆ 温和的
acrimonious [] adj. 刻薄的(caustic especially in feeling, language, or manner)
(反)acrimonious ◆ harmonious 刻薄的 ◆ 和谐融洽的
(记)acri(尖,酸)→刻薄的
(例)His tendency to utter acrimonious remarks alienated his audience.
说话刻薄的习惯使他疏远了听众。
acrobat [ ] n.杂技演员, 随机应变者
(记)acro高+ bat走 →高空行走(如阿迪江)→杂技演员
参考:acrophobia恐高症acronym首字母缩写词
actuate [  ] vt. 促使
(记)act行为+uate→使有作为→促使 参考:activate 刺激,使活泼
acuity [ ] n. 锐利,视力或观察力敏锐;敏捷(acuteness of vision or perception;
keenness)
acumen [] n.敏锐,聪明(keenness and depth of perception)
(类)alacrity·prompt=acumen·shrewd 敏捷·快速=敏锐·干练(同义)
(反)acumen ◆ unable to discerning 敏锐 ◆ 不能辨别的
(记)acu(尖)+men →敏锐 参考:acupuncture 针灸
(例)His business acumen helped him to succeed where others had failed.
他在商业上的敏锐帮他在其他人失败的地方获得成功。
acute adj. 敏锐的,锐角的;(医)急性的(having a sudden onset
发作
, sharp rise, and short course)
(类)perspicacity·acute=caprice·whimsical 敏锐·敏锐的=反复无常·多变的(名形同义)
(反)acute ◆ mild 急性的 ◆ 温和的
(例)acute disease. 急性病

adage [] n. 谚语(a saying often in metaphorical form that embodies a common observation)
(同)saying, word, proverb, saw 谚语, byword 格言,谚语,笑柄
(记)ad+age(时代)联想:谚语在不同时代都禁得起检验。易混淆:badge徽章

adamant [] adj. 坚硬的;固执的,不动摇的(unshakable especially in opposite)
(类)adamant·flexibility=refractory·control 坚固不柔软=难以操作的不可控制
impossible·execute=adamant·move 不可能的不可操作=顽固的不改变路线
(反)vacillatory 动摇 incline to yield 容易妥协的
(记)a+dam大坝+ant 一个大坝上的蚂蚁;如果不够固执和坚强,千里之堤,如何毁于蚁穴呢?
(例)He was adamant in his determination to punish the corrupt officials.
他下了决心,坚决惩治那些贪官污吏。
adapt [] vt. 修改,使适应(to bring into correspondence or make suitable)
(反)adapt 修改 ◆ remain unchanged 保持不变的
(例)a species that has adapted well to winter climes. 很适应冬天气候的物种
(记)ad+apt(灵巧的,适当的;本身就是一个词啊)
addendum [] n. 附录,补遗(a supplement to a book)
(类)addendum·document=postscript·letter 附录附属于文件=附言附属于信件
(记)由add 而来,参考另外一词:append 附加,添加
addict [] v. 沉溺,上瘾(to devote(oneself)to something habitually)
(类)disabuse·error=rehabilitate·addiction
打消错误念头·错误=回到从前状态·上瘾(动作与其相关对象)
inured·tolerance=addicted·dependency 习惯的容易忍受=上瘾的容易依赖
(记)ad+dict(要求)→不断要求→上瘾 参考:dictator独裁者
addition [] n. 加;增加物
(例)Our baby brother is an addition to our family. 新出生的弟弟使我们家多了一口人。
(记)in addition (also;as well as也;另外,加之)
in addition to(over and above; besides 加于„之上;除„之外又)
additive:adj. 附加的n.添加剂
address [  ] v. 致词(to deliver a formal speech to)对付,处理,着手解决(to deal with)
(例)He addressed himself to the problem. 他忙于处理问题。
adhere [] v. 依附,粘着(to hold fast or stick by gluing or grasping)
(反)adhere ◆ detach 依附 ◆ 分离
adherent ◆ forerunner 追随者 ◆ 先行者
adjacent [] adj.邻近的,接近的,毗邻的(close to;lying near)
adjourn [] vi. 延期,休会(to suspend a session indefinitely or to another time or place)
(类)convoke ◆ adjourn 召集,召开会议 ◆ 休会,中止
(记)ad+journ(=journey旅行)→ 因为旅行停止开会。参考:journal 刊物 journalism新闻学
(例)The meeting will be adjourned till next Wednesday. 会议暂停,下星期三继续举行。
adjudicate [  ] v. 判决, 宣判, 裁决
(记)来自judge法官 参考:judicious明智的;prejudice偏见,成见
adjunct [] n. 附属物,附件(something added to another thing but not essentially a part of it)
(类)adjunct ◆ essential element 附属部分 ◆ 基本部分
(记)ad(增加)+junct(结合,连接) 联想:加上连接→附属物 参考:conjunct 结合的,共
同的
adjure [] vt. 恳请,(以起誓或诅咒等形式)命令
(记)参考:perjury 伪证 abjure发誓放弃 conjure 恳求
adjust [  ] vt.调整,使适合
adjutant [ ] n. 副官,助手
ad-lib [] adj. 即兴的(spoken, composed, or performed without preparation)
(类)ad- lib·impromptu=side·divergent 即兴的·即兴的=偏向一侧的·偏离的(同义)
administration [  ] n. 管理, 行政部门
admission [] n. 许可入场,录取(the act or process of admitting)
(记)参考:admit允许admissible可容纳的,可允许的
admonish [] v. 告诫,责备 (to reprove or express warning in a gentle, earnest manner)
(类)peccadillo·sin 小罪·罪(小和正常)
不确定:admonishment·castigation =告诫·苛责(程度)
admonish·denounce=punish·pillory 告诫·公开责备=惩罚·示众(一般 公开关系)
pretense·deceive=admonition·reprove 伪装是一种欺骗=告诫是一种责备
alibi· exculpate=warning·admonish 用托词的方式来辩解=用警告的方式来告诫
(记)参考:monitor 班长,监视器(负责监督)
(同)reprove, chide, monish;rebuke, reprimand, reproach
(例)He admonished those frantic football fans to change their wicked ways.
他告诫那些疯狂的足球迷们改变那种捣蛋的做法。
adobe [ E5dEubi ] n.砖坯, 土坯
(记)美国Adobe公司, 是著名图形软件photoshop等的生产商 区别:abode住所
adolescent [  ] adj.青春期的 n.青少年
adopt [  ] vt. 收养,采用
(记)ad+opt选择→采用 参考:option 选择
adore [] vt. 崇拜,热爱,非常喜欢(to regard with loving admiration and devotion)
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3 蓝宝GRE笔考词汇突破核心词汇 蓝宝GRE笔考词汇突破核心词汇 3
(类)adoration·affection=abhorrence·dislike=fasc ination·interest
崇拜·好感=痛恨·讨厌=强烈爱好·爱好(程度)
adulate·fawn=woo love·adore 谄媚·奉承=热爱·崇拜(程度)
(记)ad+ore说→表白崇拜之情 参考:inexorable无情的oration演说,致词
(派)adorable 可崇拜的,可爱的

adorn [  ] v.装饰
(记)ad+orn装饰 参考:ornament 装饰 suborn贿赂

adroit [ ] adj.熟练的,敏捷的

adulate [] v. 谄媚,奉承(to flatter or admire excessively or slavishly)
(类)fulminate·criticize =adulate·flatter
严责·批评=谄媚·奉承(程度)(干扰:relate·narrate同义)
aversion·disinclination=adulation·admiration 厌恶·不愿=谄媚·赞赏(褒贬程度)
(反)scorn 咒骂 disdain 轻蔑蔑视 vituperate辱骂 disparage 贬损
adulation ◆ somber affection 热烈的赞扬 ◆ 低沉的感情

adulterate [] vt. 掺杂,掺假 adj. 伪造的,掺杂的
(类)embellish·austere=adulterate·pure 装饰·朴素=掺杂·纯净 (消除关系)
adulterate·purity=enervate·vigor 掺杂·纯度=衰弱·活力(消除关系)
adulterate·pure=bolster brace·weak=dismantle·unity
掺杂·纯净=支持·不牢固=拆除·整体(消除关系)
demanding·satisfactory= closed-mind·sway (注:词性不对)
苛求的·满意=死心塌地的·动摇(难以)(干扰:adulterate·pri stine掺杂的不纯净)
(反)tainted ◆ unadulterated 弄脏的 ◆ 没有搀杂的
adulteration ◆ purification 掺假 ◆ 净化
(例)adulterate coffee with ground acorns; 在咖啡中掺入磨碎的橡树子
(记)与adulate和adulter(成年人)一起记;成年人爱干 一些阿谀奉承,掺假使坏的事情。

adumbrate [] vt. 隐约预示(to suggest or disclose partially)
(反)revelation ◆ adumbration 显示,揭露 ◆ 有保留的揭示
(记)ad+umbra(=shadow 影子)+ate 联想:事情有影子→预示 参考:umbrella 伞

advent [ ] n.不寻常事物的出现,到来
(例)the advent of the computer. 计算机的出现

adventitious [] adj. 外来的,非与生俱来的(not inherent but added extrinsically)
(反)constitutional, essential, intrinsic; inborn, inbred, innate, inherent

adventure [ ] n. 冒险, 冒险的经历 v. 冒险
(派)adventurous adj.喜欢冒险的, 敢做敢为的

adversary [] n. 敌手,对手(an opponent; an enemy)
(类)supplicant·humility=adversary·resistance 恳求者·谦卑=对手·反抗(正面特征)
(反)ally ◆ adversary 联盟 ◆ 敌手,对手
(记)参考:adverse 敌对的, 相反的 adversiy 不幸,灾难 versus与„相对 简写:vs

adversity [  ] n.不幸, 灾难, 逆境(a state of hardship or affliction; misfortune)

advert [] vi. 注意,留意 n. 广告(to turn the mind or attention)
(反)advertent ◆ inattentive 留意的 ◆ 不注意的
inadvertence ◆ careful attention 疏忽 ◆ 仔细留意
(例)advert to a problem. 注意到一个问题

advertise [] vt. 广告(to announce publicly esp. by a printed notice or a broadcast)
(类)advertising·commercial=publishing·journal 广告·电视或广播广告=出版·期刊(种
属)

advisable [  ] adj.可取的, 明智的(worthy of being recommended or suggested;
prudent)

advisory [ ] adj. 顾问的, 咨询的, 忠告的

advocate [] vt. 主张,提倡(to plead in favor of)
(反)advocate ◆ denounce 主张 ◆ 谴责
(记)ad(增强)+voc(声音,叫喊)+ate 联想:大声叫喊→主张;参考:revoke 废除
(例)He advocates building more schools. 他主张多建几所学校。

aegis [  ] n. 盾,保护,庇护
(例)a child whose welfare is now under the aegis of the courts.
儿童福利现在处于法庭的保护之下

aerate [] v. 充气(to supply or impregnate with air)
(类)aerate·oxygen=hydrate·water 充气·氧气=使成水化合物·水
(反)aerate ◆ remove air from 充气 ◆ 放出空气
(记)aer(气:air的变形)+ate(表动作)→充气 参考:aerial空气的aeronautics航空学

aesthetic
hero: cynical 英雄:玩世不恭的
[] n.
martyr: impatient 烈士:不耐烦的
美学
philanthropist : selfish 慈善家:自私的
(类)
agnostic: intuitive 不可知论者:直觉的
aestheti
traitor : careful 叛徒:谨慎的
cs·be a
uty=epis
temolog
y·kno
wledge
美学·美=知识起源学·知识
gourmet·food=aesthetic·art 美食家·食物=美学·艺术
(记)esthete:词根“感觉”;本身是一个词:美学家。参考:anaesthesia 麻醉(无感觉)

affable [] adj.易于交谈的,和蔼的(characterized by ease and friendliness)
(反)rascible易怒的 testy暴躁的
(记)参考fable(寓言,说)联想:通过寓言向人们和蔼的讲道理。参考:ineffable 不能说的
(例)an affable smile. 慈祥的微笑

affectation [ ] n.假装, 做作(a show, pretense, or display;artificiality)

affected [] adj. 假装的,做作的(assumed artificially or falsely)
(类)posturer·unaffected=bigot·tolerant 装腔作势的人不矫揉造作=顽固不化的人不宽容

(反)affected ◆ natural 做作的 ◆ 自然的
affected ◆ artless 做作的 ◆ 朴实的

affection [] n. 爱,情感
(类)kiss·affection=shrug·indifference 吻表达友爱=耸肩表达冷漠
swagger·bravado=caress·affection 大摇大摆出于虚张声势=爱抚出于爱情
mercurial·mood=fickle·affection 多变的情绪=善变的感情
(反)antipathy 厌恶
(记)affect (影响) 好影响(affection),坏影响(affectation)参考:affectionate爱的

affidavit [] n. 宣过誓的书面陈述(a sworn statement in writing made esp. under oath)
(类)affidavit·statement=wedding·ceremony 宣誓过的书面陈述·陈述=婚礼·仪式(种
属)
(记)fid(相信)参考:confidence 信心,保密 confide vt. 倾诉,委托 perfidy 背叛

affiliate [] v. 使成为会员,结盟(to bring or receive into close connection as a
member)
(反)affiliation ◆ dissociation 结盟 ◆ 分裂
(记)fili(子女)参考:filial子女的

affinity [] n. 天然倾向或喜好(implies a susceptibility or predisposition on something)
(反)aversion厌恶 repugnance厌恶 antipathy 厌恶
(例)He have an affinity for mathematics. 他天生喜欢数学。

affirm [  ] v. 断言, 确认, 肯定

affix [  ] vt. 使附于, 粘贴 n. 词缀(prefix前缀;suffix后缀)

affluent [] adj. 丰富的, 富裕的(having a generously sufficient material possessions)
(反)needy 非常贫困的 impecunious贫困的
(记)flu(流动)+ent 联想:不断流入→富裕的

afflict [  ] vt.使痛苦, 折磨

affront [  ] n vt. 公开侮辱, 冒犯, 面对
(例)Such behavior is an affront to society. 这种行为是对社会的蔑视

aftermath [] n.结果, 后果(a consequence, especially of a disaster or misfortune)

agenda [] n. 议程(a list or outline of things to be considered or done)
(类)minute·agenda=log·itinerary 会议记录·议程=航海日志·行程安排
syllabus·course=agenda·meeti ng=itinerary·trip=program·concert
教学大纲安排课程=议程安排会议=行程表安排旅程=节目程序安排音乐会

agape [  ] . 大张着嘴的;目瞪口呆地

agglomerate [  ] n.大团, 大块 adj.成块的, 凝聚的vt. 使成团, 使成块, 使凝聚

aggrandize [] vt. 增加,夸大(to make appear great or greater:praise highly)
(反)disparage贬低 relegate降级 efface抹掉 (干扰:undermine破坏)
(记)grand (大) 参考:grandiloquent 夸张的,夸大的

aggravate [] vt. 加重,恶化(to make worse, more serious, or more severe)
(反)console ◆ aggravate grief 抚慰,安慰 ◆ 加重悲伤
(反)alleviate 减轻 succor援助,减轻(to go to the aid of :relieve)
(记)grav(重)→加重

aggregate [] n. 集合体 v. 集合,合计(to collect or gather into a mass or whole)
(反)disaggregate ◆ coalesce 分散 ◆ 接合
aggregate ◆ isolated units 集合体 ◆ 隔离的单位
aggregate ◆ disperse 聚集 ◆ 分散
disaggregate ◆ join together 分解 ◆ 连接,结合
(记)greg(团体) 联想:集合;参考:gregarious(社交的,群居的)
list 2 aggressive ------- arachnid
aggressive [] adj. 好斗的,侵略性的(Inclined to behave in a hostile fashion)
(反)even- tempered 性情平和的
【注】even adj. 平的,公平的,偶数的 参考:even-handed 公平的
(例)an aggressive young executive. 一个进取心很强的年轻管理人员

aggrieve [] vt. 使委屈,使苦恼(to give pain or trouble to)
(反)gratify 使满足
(同)distress,constrain, grieve, hurt
(派)aggrieved 悲痛的,被错误对待的,受委屈的(Treated wrongly)

aghast [] adj. 惊骇的, 吓呆的
(记)源自 ghost 鬼


agile [] adj. 敏捷的, 轻快的, 灵活的



agitate [  ] v. 搅动, 煽动,激动;使不安,使焦虑

(类)agitated·frenetic=literate·erudite 激动的·极度激动的=有文
答案:(C)
化的·博学的(程度)
insurgent·rebel=incendiary·agitate 叛乱分子·叛乱=煽动
者·煽动 (正面特征)

agnostic [  ] n. 不可知论者
COWARD: BRAVE 懦夫:勇敢的





agog [] adj 热切渴望的;极度兴奋的(eager)
(类)interested·agog=careful·meticulous 感兴趣的·热切的=仔细的·小心翼翼的(程度)

agony [] n. 苦恼,极大的痛苦(intense pain of mind or body)
(类)painful·agonizing=important·paramount 痛苦的·极大痛苦的=重要的·最重要的(程
度)
- 3 - - 3 -


4 蓝宝GRE笔考词汇突破核心词汇 蓝宝GRE笔考词汇突破核心词汇 4
agonized·distress=obsessed·concern 极大痛苦的·苦恼=困扰的·关心(程度)

agrarian [  ] adj.有关土地的, 耕地的,农业的
(类)agrarian·farming=mercantile·trade 农业的·农业=商业的·商业(名形同义)
(记)agr(农业)参考:agriculture农业;agronomy农学

agreeable [  ] adj. 使人愉快的, 惬意的, 适合的(to one's liking;pleasing)

ailment [  ] n. 小病, 不适(a mild illness)(注ail :trouble;be ill生病)
airborne [  ] adj.空气传播的, 空降的, 空运的

airtight [] adj. 密闭的,不透气的(impermeable to air or nearly so)
(类)foolproof·fail=airtight·leak 极其可靠的不会出故障=密封的不会泄漏
【注】foolproof :adj. so simple or reliable as to leave no opportunity for error or failure

alabaster [  ] n.雪花石膏 adj.雪白的
(记)ala—上海方言;联想:上海人的皮肤白→雪白的

airy [ ] adj. 通风的(open to the air);轻快的(light-hearted; gay);空洞的,不切实际的

alacrity [] n. 敏捷,轻快;渴望,乐意(promptness in response:cheerful readiness)
(类)alacrity·prompt=acumen·shrewd 敏捷·快速=敏锐·干练(同义)
alacrity·apathetic=temerity·timid 渴望·缺乏感情的=卤莽蛮勇的·胆怯的(名形
反义)
husbandry·dissipate=alacrity·procrastinate 节约·浪费=敏捷·延迟(反义)
(反)alacrity ◆ hesitance and reluctance 乐意(敏捷,欣然) ◆ 犹豫和不情愿
(反)dilatoriness 迟缓,拖延 hesitance 犹豫,踌躇
(例)He accepted the invitation with alacrity 他欣然接受了邀请。

albeit [] conj. 尽管,虽然(表示让步和转折)
(例)clear albeit cold weather. 虽然天冷但仍很晴朗

albino [] n. 白化病 (an organism exhibiting deficient pigmentation)
(类)albino·pigment=prairie·tree 白化病缺乏色素=大草原缺乏树

alchemy [] n. 炼金术(medieval chemistry)
(类)alchemy·chemistry=false drug·treatment 炼金术·化学=假药·治疗(种属,特征假


alcove [  ] n.凹室, 壁橱(niche,recess)

alert [  ] adj.提防的, 警觉的(vigilantly attentive)n. 警报

alias [  ] n.别名, 化名(an assumed name)

alibi [] n. 托辞,借口,辩解(an excuse usually intended to avert blame or punishment)
(类)alibi· exculpate=warning·admonish 托词目的是辩解=警告目的是告诫
alibi·exculpate=sophism·deceive 托词目的是辩解=诡辩目的是欺骗

alienate [] v. 疏远(to make unfriendly, hostile, or indifferent)
(反)unite 联合 reunite 重新联合
(同)estrance, alien, disaffect, disunify, disunite, wean

alight [ ] vi. 飞落,下车 adj.点着的(lighted)照亮的(Illuminated)

align [] vt排成一行,调准(to be in precise adjustment or correct relative position);结盟
(反)aligned ◆ improperly adjusted 准确调整的 ◆ 调整不当的
aligned ◆ irregular 排成一行的 ◆ 不规则的
aligned ◆ askew awry 排成一行的 ◆ 歪斜的
aligned ◆ warped 排成一行的 ◆ 弯曲的
(例)aligning the wheels of a truck. 调整卡车的轮子
We must align ourselves with the workers. 我们必须和工人们站在一起。
(记)a+lign(=line直线,排队)

alimentary [ ] adj.食物的, 营养的(concerned with food, nutrition, or digestion)

allay [] vt., 缓解(assuage)
(反)(excite arouse foment)激化,激起 (干扰:compel 强迫)
increase the intensity of 加重 exacerbate恶化
(例)We expect a breeze to allay the heat.我们希望一阵风能够缓解热浪。
(记)all+lay谐音“累”→都累了 联想:大家都累了,需要缓解一下压力。

allege [  ] vt.宣称,断言,指控
(例)The police allege that the man was murdered but they have given no proof.
警方称这名男子被人谋杀,但并未提供任何证据。
(派)allegedly adv.依其申述;涉嫌 alleged声称的,所谓的,涉嫌的allegation无证据的指控

allegiance [] n.忠诚,拥护(devotion or loyalty to a person, group, or cause)
(类)renegade·allegiance=apostate·faith 背信弃义者缺乏忠诚=背教者缺乏信念
pundits·authoritativeness=partisans·allegiance 博学者权威=拥护者忠诚
(记)谐音all+legiance 全立正,表达忠诚
比较:allegation·allegiance·allergy·allege 主张拥护过敏宣称

allegory [  ] n.寓言

allergy [  ] n. 敏感症;反感
(派)allergic过敏的,对„„反感的

alleviate [] v.缓和,减轻to make(as suffering) more bearable
(类)alleviate·strength=dampen·ardor 减轻·强度=使沮丧·热情
alleviate·intensity=console·grief 减轻·强度=安慰·悲痛
(反)exacerbate恶化 increase intensity加强
(记)lev(轻)参考:levity(轻率)

alley [] n 小巷,胡同

alliterate [] v. 押头韵(the repetition of initial consonant sounds)
(类)alliterate·remove=blazon·efface 押头韵难以删除=纹章难以拭除
(例)

allocate [ ] vt.分派, 分配(to distribute according to a plan;allot)

allopathy [ ] n.【医】对抗疗法(反:homeopathy 顺势疗法)

allowance [] n. 定量(a fixed or available amount)
(类)pittance·allowance=rivulet·stream 少量·定量=小溪·溪流 (小与正常)
(例)We were provided an allowance of time for recreation. 我们拥有定量的娱乐时间。

alloy [ ] n.合金,混合物 vt. 融合,混合(to combine; mix:)
(派)unalloyed 纯粹的

allude [] vi. 暗示,间接提到(to make indirect reference)
(类)intimate·communicate=allude·refer 暗中传达·传达=间接提到·提及
【注】intimate :to make known subtly and indirectly;hint 暗示
(反)allude ◆ mention explicitly 暗示,暗指 ◆ 明白的提及

allure [  ] v. 诱惑,引诱(to attract with something desirable;entice)
(派)alluring诱人的

allusion [] n.间接提及,暗示(an implied or indirect reference especially in literature)
(例)Without naming names,the candidate criticized the national leaders by allusion.
没有指出姓名,候选人间接批评了国家领导们

alluvial [  ] adj. 冲积的, 淤积的

ally [] n. 同盟(a sovereign or state associated with another by treaty or league)
(反)adversary rival 敌手
(记)与alley小巷,小径易混。从读音上区分:all+ly(=lie)→都撒谎 联想:盟国之间都撒谎

almond [  ] n.杏树, 杏仁

aloft [] adv. 在空中(in the air;especially:in flight)
(反)founder ◆ stay aloft 沉没 ◆ 在空中
grounded ◆ aloft 着陆的 ◆ 在空中
(记) loft(阁楼)联想:空中楼阁→在空中 参考:lofty崇高的,高傲的

aloof [] adj. 孤高的, 不合群的(removed or distant either physically or emotionally)
(类)politic·offend=aloof· associate 精明的难以得罪人=孤高的难以联合
gregarious ◆ aloof 爱社交的 ◆ 孤高的
(例)the aloof composer neither worried nor cared about public opinion.
这个孤高的作曲家既不担心也不关心公众的意见。
(记)a+ loof(=roof):一个人在屋顶上,又孤又高。

alphabetical [] adj. 按字母顺序的(arranged in the order of the letters)
(类)dictionary·alphabetical=ann als·chronological
字典按字母顺序排列=编年史按时间顺序排列
(记)alpha和bet 是希腊字母A和B的读音。(学数学时经常用到啊)

alter [  ] v.改变

alternate [  ] adj. 交替的, 轮流的, 取代的,供替换的v. 交替, 轮流 n.候选人,替代性
选择

alternative [  ] n. 替代性选择,选择余地 adj. 二中选一的;标新立异的
(记)一定要与alternate区别开。两者词义有交叉也有不同
(例)We have no alternative but to go on. 除了继续下去,我们没有选择的余地

altercation [] n.争论, 口角

altitude [  ] n.海拔高度;高处

altruism [] n. 利他主义(devotion to the welfare of others)
(类)altruist·selflessness=connoisseur·expertise
利他主义者具有无私品格=鉴赏家具有专门技术
(反)altruism ◆ egocentric 利他主义 ◆ 利己主义 (egoism)
(记)alter(=other 其他)参考:alternate 交替的,轮流的

aluminium [  ] n. 铝 adj.铝的

amalgamate [] v. 合并,混合(to merge into a single body)
(反)separate 分开 isolate 隔离

amass [  ] vt. 收集, 积聚(尤指财富)

amateur [ ] n.业余爱好者
(记)ama(=amor爱)参考:amorous恋爱的 amateurish 业余的 enamored倾心的

ambience [ ] n.气氛,情调(a feeling or mood associated with a particular place)

ambiguous [] adj. 含糊的,不明确的(doubtful from obscurity)
(类)equivocation·ambiguous=platitude·banal 模棱两可的话·含糊的=陈词滥调·陈腐

ambiguous·understand=blatant·ignore 不明确的不容易被理解=明显的不容易被忽

ambiguous·clarity=mendacious·truth 模棱两可·清楚=虚假的·事实
equivocation·ambiguous=oxymoron·incongruous
模棱两可·不明确的=矛盾修饰法·不调和的
(反)watershed◆routine 重要转折点◆日常生活
(记)ambi(二)→双重意义→含糊的

ambivalent [] adj(对人、事物)有矛盾心理的,摇摆不定的

amble [] vi. 漫步,溜达(to walk slowly or leisurely;stroll)
(类)amble·walk=chat·talk=doodle ·draw 漫步·步行=闲聊·谈话=乱画· 画
tint·suffuse=amble·wander 轻微着色·弥漫充满=溜达·到处溜达,漫游(程度)
(反)amble ◆ step quickly 漫步 ◆ 快走
(记)amble(=ambul 走) 参考:ambulance 急救车 ambulatory 走动的,流动的

ambrosial [] adj. 特别美味的(delicious)
(类)mellifluous·music=ambrosial·food 悦耳的音乐=美味的食物
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【注:skit (a brief burlesque) anecdote (a short interesting narrative)】
[] vt. 改善,改良,变好(to make better or more tolerable)
(类)ameliorate·improve=admonish·caution 改善·改进=告诫·警示(同义) anemic [] adj. 贫血的, 乏力的(lacking force, vitality, or spirit)
(反)ameliorate ◆ aggravate 改善 ◆ 使恶化 (反)anemic ◆ strong hale 贫血的◆强壮的 健康的
damper ◆ amelioration 抑制 ◆ 改进 (记)a+nem(血)+ia 联想:无血的疾病→贫血 比较:amnesia·anemia 健忘·贫血
(记)ameli 谐音:爱美丽 联想:爱美丽所以要不断改善自己。
anesthetic [] n. 麻醉剂,麻药(lacking awareness or sensitivity)
amenable [] adj. 愿服从的,通情达理的(responsive to advice, authority;tractable) (类)analgesic·pain=anesthetic·sensation 止痛剂·疼痛=麻醉剂·感觉
(反)intransigent 不妥协的 inimical 敌意的 aseptic·disinfections=anesthetic·numbs 防腐剂·消毒=麻醉剂·麻木
(记)a-men联想基督教祷告语阿门,再联想基督教徒是通情达理的。 pain·analgesic=sensation·anesthetic 疼痛·止痛剂=感觉·麻醉剂
aseptic·disinfections=anesthetic·numbs 防腐剂·消毒=麻醉剂·麻木
amendment [ ] n. 改善, 改正;修正案 (反)sensation ◆ anesthesia 感觉 ◆ 麻醉
(记)an(否定)+esthete(感觉) 联想:没有感觉→麻醉
amenity [] n. 适意(agreeableness),礼仪(courtesy)便利设施(convenience, facility)
(类)amenity·comfortable=honorarium·grateful 便利设施令人舒适=谢礼用以表达感谢 anguish [  ] n. 极度痛苦(agonizing physical or mental pain; torment)v. 使痛苦
(记)由a-men继续联想,基督教徒是讲礼仪的。
angular [] adj有角的;瘦骨嶙峋的
amiable [] adj. 亲切的,和蔼可亲的(being friendly, sociable, and congenial) (记)来自angle角
(反)inimical 有敌意的
anhydrous [] adj. 无水的(free from water)
amicable [] adj. 友善的,和平的(friendly, neighborly) (反)anhydrous◆wet 无水的◆潮湿的
(反)asperity ◆ amicableness 粗暴◆友善 (记)an(无)+hydr(水)→无水的 参考:hydrate与水化合
(记)观察amia ble;amicable两词的区别在中间的a和ca,ca谐音为客。联想amicable 为好
客的,即强调对外界人物的态度友好,而amiable强调本身的性格。 animate [  ] adj. 活的,有生气的 v. 鼓励
(反)lassitude◆vim animation 疲倦,疲乏◆精力 生气
amity [] n.友好, 亲善关系(friendship;especially: friendly relations between nations) (记) 联想animal,动物不知疲倦,有着勃勃生机。比如我们往往 用“野兽”形容一个人精力
(反)enmity, animosity, antagonism, antipathy, hostility; conflict, contention, discord, dissension 旺盛

amnesia [  ] n. 健忘症 ankle [ ] n. 踝,脚脖子
(记)a(否定)+mnes(记忆)+ia(病)→记不住的病→健忘症
animosity [ ] n.仇恨, 憎恶
amnesty [ ] n. 特赦
(记)a(否定)+mnes记忆→不再记着罪过→赦免,特赦 animus [] n.敌意(hostile feeling or intent)
amoral [  ] adj. 与道德无关的;不懂是非的 (反)animus ◆ friendliness 敌意 ◆ 友好
(例)Young children are amoral. 小孩子是不懂是非的。 (记)anim=animals动物+us我们 联想:动物与我们之间存在着深深的敌意。
(记)区别:immoral不道德的,邪恶的
amorous [  ] adj.色情的, 含情脉脉的, 表示爱情的 annals [] n. 纪年表,年鉴,年报(a record of events arranged in yearly sequence)
(记)amor爱神丘比特 参考:amateur业余爱好者 amour偷情 (类)dictionary·alphabetical=annals·chronological
字典·依字母顺序的=年鉴·按年代顺序的(事物及其编排方式)
amorphous [] adj. 无定形的(having no definite form ) (记)ann(年,一年)参考:annual 每年的,一年一次的
(类)amorphous·s hape=errant·course=wandering·course=equivocal·mean ing
无定形的·形状=路线不定的·路线=漫游的·路线=模棱两可的·意义 annoy [] vt. 使苦恼,骚扰,惹恼(to disturb especially by repeated acts)
(记)a(无)+morph(形状)→无形状的 (类)testy·annoy=tractable·control 易怒的·惹恼=易于管教的·控制,管理(容易被)
patronizing·condescending=peeved·annoyed
amortize [] v. 分期付款 使领情的·使领情的=气恼的·恼怒的(同义)
(记)a+morti(谐音:茅台)联想:茅台很贵,所以一瓶茅台也要分期付款
annexation [  ] n.合并
ample [  ] adj. 充足的, 丰富的 annihilate [ ] vt. 消灭, 歼灭(to destroy completely)
(记)ampl(大)参考:amplitude 广阔,丰富 amplify 放大,增强 (记)nihil (无)参考:nihil无,虚无 nihilism虚无主义nil没有,零

amputate [ ] vt.截肢(amputee截肢者)
annotate [ ] v.注释, 评注(to make critical or explanatory comment)
amulet [] n. 护身符(an object worn as a charm
符咒
against evil or injury)
(类)amulet·evil=helmet·injury 护身符防邪恶=头盔防伤害 announce [  ] vt. 宣布,宣告

amuse [ ] vt. 娱乐,使发笑,使愉快 annoy [ ] vt.使苦恼, 骚扰(to disturb or irritate especially by repeated acts)

anachronistic [] n. 时代错误,不合时代的人或事 adj.时代错误的 annul [] v. 宣告无效,取消(to declare or make legally invalid or void)
(记)ana(错)+chron(时间)参考:chronic慢性的 (反)annul ◆ make legal 宣告无效 ◆ 使合法
annul ◆ reaffirm 宣告无效 ◆ 重新确认
anaerobic [] adj. 无氧能活的(living in the absence of free oxygen) (记)an+nul(=null零)→取消 参考:nullify取消
(反)anaerobic ◆ living in oxygen 无氧能活的 ◆ 生活在氧气里的
anaerobic ◆ require oxygen 无氧能活的 ◆ 需要氧气的 anomalous [] adj. 不规则的,反常的(abnormal;irregular)
(记)an(无)+ aero(空气)→无氧能活的 (类)anomaly·paradigmatic=blemish·flawless 异常的人·模范的=缺点·无缺点的
(反)anomalous ◆ typical conformity to norms 反常的 ◆ 典型的 符合规范的
analgesic [] n. 镇痛剂(insensibility to pain without loss of consciousness) (记)a(不,无)+nomal(正常的)→不正常的
(类)analgesic·pain=an esthetic·sensation=simplify·complexity
止痛剂·疼痛=麻醉剂·感觉=简单化·复杂性(消除关系) anonymous [] adj. 匿名的(not named or identified)
pain·analgesic=sensation·anesthetic=symptom·palli ative (类)anonymous·identify=nonchalant·excite 匿名的·识别=冷淡的·使兴奋(难以)
疼痛·止痛剂=感觉·麻醉剂=症状·缓和的(消除关系) (记)an(无)+onym(名称)+ ous 联想:没有名称的→匿名的
tonic·invigorate=analgesic·deaden 补药·使健壮=止痛剂·使麻木(药品及其作用)
soporific·alertment=analgesic·pain 安眠药·警醒=止痛药·疼痛 (药物及其消除对antagonize [] vt. 使成敌人,敌对,反对(to incur or provoke the hostility of)
象) (类)cowardice·intimidate=choler·antagonize 懦弱·胁迫=愤怒·敌对(容易被)
(记)an(否定)+alg(痛)→镇痛剂 参考:algetic adj. 疼痛的 nostalgia n. 乡愁,思乡病 (反)antagonize ◆ placate mollify propitiate 引起敌意 ◆ 抚慰,消除敌意
synergic ◆ antagonistic 协作的,合作的 ◆ 敌对的
analogy [  ] n.类似,相似;类推,类比 (记)ant(反)+agon(打斗,比赛) 联想:对抗

analyze [  ] vt.分析, 分解 antedate [ ] vt. 将时间提前;先于,前于
(例)That event antedated World WarⅡ. 那事件发生在第二次世界大战之前。
anarchist [] n. 无政府主义者(one who rebels against any authority or established order)The cold weather antedated their departure. 寒冷的天气使他们提前离开。

(类)anarchist·rebel=apologist·defend 无政府主义者·谋反=辩护者·辩护(正面特征) antediluvian [] adj. 上古的, 史前的(antiquated;ancient)
(反)anarchy ◆ order 无政府状态,混乱 ◆ 次序,规则 (类)antediluvian·age=colossal·size 古老的·年代=巨大的·尺寸
(记)an+archy(统治)→无政府 参考:anarchy无政府状态 (记)ante(前面)+diluv(洪水)→洪水来临之前→上古(大禹后来开始治水)

anathema [] n. 诅咒,咒逐(one that is cursed by ecclesiastical authority) antenna [  ] n. 天线,触角
(类)anathema·curse=theocracy·state 神的诅咒·诅咒=神权国家·国家
(反)panegyric ◆ anathema 赞扬 ◆ 诅咒 anterior [] adj. 前面的, 在前的(coming before in time or development)
(反)anterior ◆ ensuing 前面的 ◆ 后来的
ancestor [  ] n.祖先, 祖宗 (同)antecedent n. 先辈;先例 adj.先行的 former,precedent, previous, prior

anchorite [] n.隐者, 隐士 anthology [] n. 诗集,文选(a collection of selected literary works of art)
(类)compendium·summary=anthology·collection 概略·概要=文选·文集(同义)
ancillary [] adj. 补助的, 副的(SUBORDINATE, SUBSIDIARY) (记)antho-(前缀:花)+ log(=leg 采摘,聚集)→花的集合→文选
(反)ancillary ◆ paramount 辅助的,次要的 ◆ 最主要的 参考:anthomania 花痴 legion 军团,众多,大批
(记)an+cillary 谐音:一个希拉里。联想:希拉里是克林顿的助手
antic [] adj 古怪的, 滑稽可笑的(characterized by clownish absurdity)
anecdote [] n. 轶事,趣闻(a usually short narrative of an interesting incident) (类)facetious·speech=antic·behavior 爱开玩笑的·谈话=滑稽的·行为(修饰关系)
(类)anecdote·amusement=lecture·instruction 轶闻·娱乐=演讲·教导 (同)fantastic,bizarre,grotesque
skit·play=anecdote·narrative 滑稽短剧·戏剧=趣闻·叙事(双重对应:短且有趣) (记)ant+ic 联想:蚂蚁也用ic卡 →可笑
ameliorate

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anticipate [ ] vt.预感,预见;期待,期望

anticlimax [] n. 急转而下;虎头蛇尾
(记)anti(反)+climax(高潮)→反高潮→急转直下的变化,虎头蛇尾的结局

antidote [] n. 解毒剂,解药(a remedy to counteract the effects of poison)
(类)antidote·poisoning=balm·irritation 解毒剂·中毒=药膏·刺激
remedy·disease=antidote·poisoning 治疗法·疾病=解毒剂·中毒
(记)anti(反)+dote(药剂) 联想:反毒的药→解毒药

antipathy [ ] n. 厌恶, 反感(a strong feeling of aversion or repugnance)

antiquated [] adj.陈旧的,过时的
(记)源自antique古董

antiseptic [ ] adj. 防腐的, 消过毒的 n.防腐剂, 杀菌剂

antithesis [  ] n.对立面
(例)Hope is the antithesis of despair. 希望是绝望的对立面

antitoxic [  ] adj.抗毒的(counteracting a toxin or poison)
(记)anti(反)+tox(毒)→抗毒的

apathy [] n. 漠然,冷淡(lack of feeling or emotion)
(类)ennui·enthusiastic=fervor·apathetic 倦怠·热心的=热情·缺乏感情的
(反)vehement ◆ apathetic 激烈的 ◆ 缺乏感情的
(记)a+pathy →无感情的→冷淡

aphorism [] n. 格言(pithy maxim)
(类)brevity·aphorism=distortion·caricature 简短·格言=曲解·漫画(正面特征)
euphemism·offensive=aphorism·diffusive 委婉语·令人不快的=格言·冗长的(反面
特征)
pithiness·aphorism=exaggeration·caricature 简洁·警语=夸张·漫画(正面特征)
(同)maxim, apothegm, axiom, gnome 注意:格言与谚语的不同

apiary [] n. 养蜂场, 蜂房
(类)apiary·bee=cage·pet 蜂房·蜜蜂=笼子·宠物
(记)api (=bee 蜂)+ ary(表场所后缀)→蜂房 参考:apiculture养蜂

aplomb [  ] n. 沉着自信, 泰然自若(self-confident assurance; poise)
(记)来自plumb 铅锤探测,垂直;铅锤给人一种沉稳的感觉。

apocalyptic [] adj. 启示的,预言的 (prophetic)
(类)apocalyptic·prophetic=inconsequ ential·illogical
启示录的·预言的=不符合逻辑的·不符合逻辑的 (同义)
(反)apocalyptic ◆ inconsequential 天启的 ◆ 不重要的

apocryphal [] n. 虚假的(untrue;made up)
(反)apocryphal ◆ authentic 假冒的 ◆ 可信的
(记)apo-远离+ cry(哭)+phal →远远地哭→虚情假意的→虚假的
(例)Wildly apocryphal rumors about starvation in Petrograd raced through Russia's trenches.
彼得格勒饿死人的杜撰谣言迅速地在俄军阵营流传开来

apophasis [] n. 表面上否认实际要说的话
例如:I will not bring up my opponent's questionable financial dealings.
我不想提我的对手令人怀疑的财政问题。(表面不想提,实际就是要说的话)
(类)apophasis·claim=oxymoron·paradox
婉转表述·表述=矛盾修饰法·矛盾(事物与其相关对象)
【注:oxymoron :a combination of contradictory words 例如:cruel kindness 残酷的温
柔】
(记)apo-远离+phasis(= say说)→远远的绕圈子说话 参考:phrase 短语

apoplectic [] adj. 易怒的,狂怒的(greatly agitated)
(类)apoplectic·angry=emaciated·thin 狂怒的·发怒=消瘦的·瘦(褒贬)
apoplectic·calmness=callow·mature 狂怒的·平静的=幼稚·成熟(反义)
(反)apoplectic ◆ calm 易怒的 ◆ 冷静的

apostasy [] n. 背教,变节,脱党(renunciation of a religious faith)
(类)apostasy·faith=recantation·heresy 变节不再忠实=放弃(异端)论调不再异端
(反)apostasy ◆ fidelity 变节 ◆ 忠诚
(记)apo- 远 sta=state (国家) 联想:远离国家→背叛

apostrophe [] n. 书写中撇号(')(表示省略或所有格,如 I'M)
(类)apostrophes·word=ellipsis·sentence 撇号·单词=省略号·句子

apothecary [] n. 药剂师(one who prepares and sells drugs)
(类)apothecary·medicine=butcher·meat 药剂师配药出售=屠夫屠宰肉食出售

apotheosis [  ] n.尊为神, 神化(deification);典范,典型(an exalted example)
(记)theo神 参考:theology 神学

appall [] vt. 使胆寒,使惊骇(to overcome with consternation)
(反)embolden使大胆 nerve 鼓起勇气 encourage激励
(记)ap+pal=pale(苍白)→脸色变白→胆寒 参考:appalling令人震惊的

apparel [] v. 装饰n.服装(clothing, especially outer garments; attire)
(类)gaudy·apparel=grandiloquent·speak 俗丽的·装饰=浮夸的·说话
tonsorial·hair=sartorial·apparel 理发师的·头发=裁缝匠的·服装
(记)ap+parel(=prepare准备)联想:准备好盛 装去参加舞会。参考:apparatus设备,仪器

apparition [ ] n. 鬼怪,幽灵(a ghostly figure)(特异景象的)显现
(同)specter幽灵;wraith 幽灵 需掌握
(记)字头记忆法:三个幽灵的开头字母合起来是was

appeal [] vi. 请求, 呼吁, 上诉(to make an earnest request)
(类)remonstrator·dissuade=applicant·appeal 提出异议的人·劝阻=申请者·请求 (正
面特征)
(记)ap+peal(=pull拉)→拉过去→吸引;
appeal to v. 求助于,诉诸于appeal to arms诉诸于武力

appealing [] adj. 引起兴趣的,动人的(having appeal·PLEASING )
(反)noisome ◆ appealing 令人不快的◆引起兴趣的

appellation [] n. 名称, 称呼,命名(A name, title, or designation)
(类)foreword·introductory=appellation·designate 前言·介绍性的=命名·命名的
(记)来自appeal请求 联想:请求皇帝册封名号。

applause [] n. 鼓掌,喝彩,赞许 (approval publicly expressed)
(类)mirth·laughter=approval·applause 欢乐·笑=赞成·鼓掌(后者表达前者)
(记)参考:plausible似是而非的

application [  ] n.请求, 申请;应用;应用程序
(记)参考:apply申请;applicant申请人;applicable可应用的,适用的

appoint [  ] vt. 指定;任命;约会
(例)ETS will appoint a date for the examination. ETS将指定考试日期

apposite [] adj. 适当的,恰切的(highly pertinent or appropriate:APT)
(反)apposite ◆ extraneous 合适的 ◆ 无关的
(记) posite 联想 position 位置合适

appraise [ ] v. 评价,估价(to evaluate the worth, significance, or status of)

appreciable [] adj. 可感知的,可评估的(capable of being perceived or measured)

(反)appreciable ◆ imperceptible 可感知的 ◆ 不能感知的
ponderable ◆ inappreciable 有价值的 ◆ 微不足道的
(记)参考:appreciation v. 欣赏,正确评价;感激

apprehension [] n. 忧惧(suspicion or fear especially of future evil);逮捕
(类)apprehension·terror=affection·adoration 忧惧·恐怖=好感·崇拜(程度)
(记)来自prehend抓住→抓住精神→忧惧;抓住肉体→逮捕

apprise [] v. 通知,告知(inform)
(类)apprise·information=admonish·warning 通知传达信息=告诫表达警告
(反)apprise ◆ withhold information 通知 ◆ 保留信息
(记)ap+prise学习→学习就是被告知。参考: apprentice学徒

approach [] n. 接近,方法 vt. 接近, 动手处理 vi. 靠近
(例)He approached the task with dread. 他惶恐地着手处理这项任务

approbation [] n. 认可,嘉许(warmly commending acceptance or agreement)
(类)praise·approbation=demur·objection 称赞·嘉许=提出异议·反对(同义)
censure·blameless=approbation·reprehensible 指责·无可责难的=嘉许·应谴责的
(反)execration 咒骂
(记)由prob 联想 probe;探索精神值得称赞。参考:probative探测的,检验的

appropriate [] v. 拨款;盗取, 挪用(to take use of without authority);adj. 适当的
(类)lurk·concealment=purloin·appropriation 潜伏·隐蔽=偷窃·盗取 (同义)
(同)pilfer, pinch, purloin
(记)ap+propri(自己的)→据为己有→盗取, 挪用 参考:proprietary 所有权,所有者
property 财产 proper 适当的 这个词义由自己的→固有的→恰当的;固有的当然是
恰当的

approve [ ] vi. 赞成;vt.批准, 通过(sanction)证实,证明(to prove or attest)

approximate [  ] adj. 近似的, 大约的

apron [ ] n. 围裙
(类)dropclothing·floor=apron·clothing 地板罩单·地板=围裙·衣服(双重对应:覆盖+保
护)
(记)a+pron(谐音:仆人)联想:一个仆人经常穿的东西

apropos [] adj. 适当的,相关的(with reference to;regarding)
(反)apropos ◆ irrelevant 相关的◆不切题的
(记)来自propri(自己的)参考:proper 适当的

apt [] adj. 易于的,适当的(unusually fitted or qualified )
(反)apt ◆ extremely inappropriate 适当的 ◆ 非常不适当的
apt ◆ unlikely 适当的 ◆ 不可能的
aptness ◆ unsuitability 恰当 ◆ 不适合

aquatic [] adj. 水生的,水中的(growing or living in water)
(类)aerial·air=aquatic·water=arboreal·tree
空气中生活的·空气=水栖的·水=树栖的·树
(记)aqu(水)参考 aqueduct 导水管 aquifer 含水土层

aqueduct n.导水管 (a conduit for water)
(类)aqueduct·water=pipeline·gas=vessel·blood
导水管·水=导气管·气体=脉管·血
(记)aque(水)+duct(引导)→导水管

aquifer [] n. 蓄水层(a water- bearing stratum of permeable rock)
(类)shale·lode=well·aquifer 页岩·矿脉=水源·蓄水层(发源地)
【注:well :an issue of water from the earth:a pool fed by a spring】
(记)aqui (=水)+ fer (带来)→带来水的地方→含水层 参考:confer 授予 prefer 更喜欢

aquiline [] adj. 鹰的, 象鹰的, 弯曲的

arable [  ] adj.可耕的, 适于耕种的

arachnid [] n. 节肢动物(including the spiders,scorpions, mites)
(类)spider·arachnid=orange·fruit 蜘蛛·节肢动物=橘子·水果 (种属)
list 3 arbitrary ----- balloon
arbitrary [  ] adj.任意的, 武断的, 独裁的

arbitrate [ 5B:bitreit ] v. 仲裁,作出公断(to judge in the manner of an arbitrator
仲裁人


arbor [] n. 树阴,凉亭
- 6 - - 6 -


7 蓝宝GRE笔考词汇突破核心词汇 蓝宝GRE笔考词汇突破核心词汇 7
(类)arbor·shelter=hedgerow·fence 树荫·掩蔽处=灌木篱墙·围墙(种属)
(记)参考 Arbor Day 植树节 arboretum 植物园

arboreal [] adj. 树木的(of a tree)树栖的(inhabiting trees)
(类)arboreal·trees=sidereal·stars 树的·树=星的·星星 (形名同义)
aquatic·water=arboreal·tree 水栖的·水=树栖的·树
(记)arbor 树

arcane [  ] adj.神秘的, 晦涩难解的,不可思议的(known or understood by only a few)

archaic [] adj. 过时的 (no longer current or applicable; antiquated)
(类)evanescent·permanence=archaic·currency 转瞬即逝的·永久=过时的·流行
meteoric·constancy=archaic·currency 昙花一现的·恒久不变=过时的·流行
(反)archaic◆current 过时的◆流行的
archaism◆modern diction 古语 ◆ 新语(干扰:recent dictation 最近的讲话)
(记)arch开始,远古 参考:archaeology考古学 architecture 最原初的技术→建筑学

archetype [] n. 原型(prototype;primitive pattern) 范例(paradigm ;model)
(类)harbinger·presage=archetype·exemplify 预言者预言=范例例示
(记)arche(原初的)+ type(形状)→原型

archipelago [] n. 群岛(group of closely located islands)
(类)grove·trees=archipelago·islands 小树林·树木=群岛·岛屿(组成关系)
galaxy·stars=archipelago·islands 星系·恒星=群岛·岛屿(组成关系)
(记)由arch(弧形) 联想群岛一般是弧形的。

archive [] n. 档案室(place where public records are kept)
(类)archive·manuscript=arsenal·weapon 档案室·手稿=军械库·兵器
archive·records=museum·artifacts 档案室·记录=博物馆·史前古器物

ardor [] n. 热心,热情(heat;passion;zeal)
(类)assuage·sorrow=dampen·ardor 缓和·悲伤=使沮丧·热情(前者消减后者)
(反)torpor ◆ ardor 不活泼 ◆ 热情
(记)ard热 参考: ardent adj. 热心的,热情洋溢的

arduous [] adj. 费劲的(hard to accomplish or achieve)
(反)arduous ◆ facile 费劲的 ◆ 易做到的
(同)difficult, labored, laborious, strenuous
(记)ard热 联想:天气很热的时候学习真费劲。

argot [] n. 隐语,黑话,行话(secret vocabulary peculiar to a particular group)
(反)argot ◆ standard language common verbalism 隐语,暗语 ◆ 规则地语言 普通地言

(同)cant, jargon, slang, vernacular
(记)注意发音:谐音阿狗。阿狗是地道的黑话。

aria [ ] n. 咏叹调(a solo vocal piece with instrumental accompaniment, as in an opera)
(类)opera·aria=play·monologue 歌剧·独唱曲=戏剧·独白(双重对应)
biography·nonfiction = sonnet·poem 自传·非虚构=十四行诗·诗(种属)
干扰:aria·opera 咏叹调是歌剧中的一种演唱方式,并不是歌剧的一种。
(记)来自 air 空气 因为咏叹调希望运用很足的气息。练声时a---I----a

arid [] adj. 干燥的,不毛的(excessively dry)
(类)marsh·sodden=desert·arid 沼泽·湿透的=沙漠·干燥的(正面特征)
(反)arid ◆ damp 干燥的 ◆ 潮湿的
(记)arid(=ard 热)→热造成干燥

armistice [  ] n.停战, 休战(temporary suspension of hostilities;truce)

aroma [  ] n.芳香;气味;气氛
arouse [  ] vt.唤醒, 唤起;鼓励, 引起(to stir up; excite) vi. 睡醒
arrest [] vt. 阻止(check),使不活跃 (to make inactive)逮捕
(反)arrest ◆ vitalize 使不活跃 ◆ 使有生气
(记)ar(=ad朝向)+ rest 静止 联想:朝向静止发展→阻止,使不活跃

array [ ] n. 排列, 编队 vt.部署
arresting [] adj. 引人注目的(conspicuous;salient)
(类)blatant·arresting=odious·disgusting 炫耀的·引人注意的=可厌的·令人厌恶的
(反)arresting ◆ banal 引人注目的 ◆ 陈腐老套的

arrhythmic [] adj. 无节奏的,不规则的(lacking rhythm or regularity)
(类)arrhythmic·regularity=apathetic·concern 不规则的·规则=无动于衷的·关注(缺乏
关系)
(反)arrhythmic ◆ regular 不规则的 ◆ 规则的
(记)ar(无)+rhythm(节奏) 联想:无节奏的

arrogance [] n.傲慢,自大(pride, haughtiness)
(类)mean·prodigality=meek·arrogance 吝啬的·慷慨=谦恭的·自大(反义)
confidence·arrogant=inquiry·interrogatory 自信·傲慢的=询问·质问的(褒贬)
intentional·accidental=arrogant·humble 故意的·意外的=傲慢的·谦逊的(反义)
arrogance·defer=lassitude·stir 傲慢难服从=疲倦难激起
【注:defer:to submit to another's wishes usually through deference or respect】
(记)rog问 参考:interrogate质问abrogate废除

arrogate [  ] v. 盗用权力,僭越(to claim or seize without justification)

arroyo [] n. 峡谷, 小河(a brook;a creek ;a water-carved gully or channel)
(类)grotto·cavern=arroyo·channel 小洞穴·巨洞=小河·海峡(小与大)

arsenal [] n. 兵工厂,军械库
(类)archive·manuscript=arsenal·weapon 档案室·手稿=军械库·兵器
(记)英超球队阿森纳(Arsenal)绰号兵工厂。

artery [] n. 动脉,要道(a major route of transportation into which local routes flow)
(类)artery·plaque=channel·silt 动脉·血小板=河道·淤泥(后者阻塞前者)

artful [ ] adj. 巧妙的;狡猾的;人工的

articulate [] vt. 清晰说话 adj.发音清晰的
(类)ratiocination·thinking=articulation·talking 推理·思考=清晰说话·说话
articulate·clearly=shout·loudly 清晰说话·清晰地=呼喊·大声地
articulate·speech=graceful·movement 发音清晰的·说话=动作优美的·动作
articulate·unclear=elaborate·sketchy 发音清晰的·不清晰的=详尽的·概要的
(记)articu(接合) 联想:连接得当→说话清晰 参考:article 文章(由句子连接而成)
articulation 关节

artifacts [] n. 史前古器物(products of primitive culture)
(类)archive·records=museum·artifacts 档案室·记录=博物馆·史前古器物
(记)art(艺术,人工)+fact(产品,产物)→古器物 参考:artifact 人工制品
【注:古代西方的艺术是与自然相对的概念。艺术的东西即人工的,非自然的】

artifice [] n. 诡计(false or insincere behavior)
(反)artifice ◆ candor 诡计 ◆ 坦白
(记)arti(=art 艺术)→非自然的东西→不纯净的→诡计 参考:artificial人造的,假的

artless [] adj. 朴质的;率直的(free from guile or craft:sincerely simple)
(类)blemish·impeccable=guile·artless 污点·无瑕疵的=狡猾·率直的(反面特征)
artlessness·guile=dabbler·dedication 天真者无诡计=涉猎者不投入
【注:dedication:self-sacrificing devotion 有自我牺牲精神的投入】
(反)artlessness ◆ duplicity 朴实 ◆ 口是心非
【注:duplicity:the belying of one's true intentions by deceptive words or action 】
(反)cunning guileful sly狡猾的 disingenuous虚伪的 affected做作的
artlessness ◆ objectivity 天真浪漫 ◆ 客观现实
(记)art(艺术,不自然)+less (否定后缀)→双重否定表肯定→自然,朴实的

ascendant [] n. 优势 adj.上升的,占优势的 (同ascendent)
(反)ascendant ◆ having no influence power 占优势的 ◆ 没有影响力的
ascendant ◆ nonentity 优势 ◆ 无足轻重
ascendent ◆ declining 上升的 ◆ 衰退中的
(同)dominant, master, overbearing, paramount, predominant
(记)ascend 上升→优势 参考:descend(下降) transcendent(卓越的)

ascertain [  ] vt. 查明,确定(to make certain, definite, and precise)

ascetic [] adj. 禁欲的 n. 苦行者(austere in appearance, manner, or attitude)
(类)glutton·overindulgence=ascetic·self-denial 暴食者·放纵=苦行者·克己
ascetic·self- denial=busybody·intrusive 苦行者·克己=好管闲事的人·打扰的
【注:busybody:an officious or inquisitive person】
ascetic·luxury=teetotaler·alcohol 苦行者·奢侈=禁酒者·酒(前者反对后者)
(反)sumptuous 奢侈的 sybarite;voluptuary 酒色之徒 hedonist 享乐主义者

aseptic [] adj. 无菌的,洁净的(preventing infection)
(类)aseptic·disinfections=anesthetic·numbs 防腐剂·消毒=麻醉剂·麻木
(反)aseptic◆contaminated 无菌的◆感染的
(记)a(无)+sept(菌)→无菌的 参考:antiseptic防腐的,杀菌的


askew [] adj. 歪斜的(out of line:awry)
(反)aligned ◆ askew 一行的 ◆ 歪斜的

aspect [] n. 样子, 外表 (appearance to the eye or mind)
(类)transfigure·aspect=transfer·location 变形·样子=转移·位置(使动:前者使后者变
化)
(同)look(外表), mien(风度), seeming (外观)

asperity [] n. 性情粗暴(sharpness of temper)
(反)mildness of temper 脾气温和 soothingness让人宽心 amiability 和蔼可亲

aspersion n. 诽谤,中伤 (slanderous remark)
(反)glowing tribute 厚礼 flattery 谄媚
【注:tribute :a gift or service showing respect, gratitude, or affection】

aspirant [] n. 有抱负者, 有野心者(seeker after position or status)
(类)aspirant·quarry=hunter·prey 有抱负者·目标=狩猎者·猎物(前追求后)
(记)a+spir(呼吸)联想:大口呼吸,渴望呼吸新鲜东西→抱负 参考:respiration(呼吸)

aspiration n. 强烈的愿望,抱负(a strong desire )吸入(inhalation)

assail [ ] vt.攻击(assault);攻讦(to attack verbally, as with ridicule or censure)

assault [  ] n.攻击, 袭击 v.袭击

assay [] nv. 化验,检验,评价
(类)encyclopedia·compendious=abstract·concise
百科全书·扼要的=摘要·简短的(正面特征)
【注】assay·objective化 验·客观的为干扰选项,化验的本质属性并非客观,有些人为因素会造成
主观,比如化验方法的选择等
(记)注意和essay(散文)区别。

assent [ ] n.赞成;vi.同意(to agree, as to a proposal; concur)

assert [] vt. 主张,声明,断言(state strongly ,demand recognition of rights)
(类)calumny·assertion=perjury·testimony 诽谤·断言=伪证·证言(伪与正常)
assert·belabor=tend·fuss 断言·冗长的讨论=关心·过分关心(正常与过分)
【注:fuss :a show of flattering attention 例made a big fuss over his favorite niece】
(记)sert(= serere 加入)联想:加入自己的意见→主张 参考:insert 插入

assertive [  ] adj. 过分自信的,有进取心的(Inclined to bold or confident assertion;
aggressively self- assured)
(类)obsequious·servile=belligerent·assertive 谄媚的·卑屈的=好战的·有进取心的
【注:谄媚表现为卑屈过头,好战表现为进取心过头】
(反)brassy ◆ unassertive 厚脸皮的 ◆ 谦逊的
【注:unassertive :not assertive:MODEST, SHY】
(同)aggressive , assertory, militant, pushful, pushing, pushy, self-assertive
(记)来自 assert 断言 联想:过于断定的→过于自信

assess [] v. 估价,评价(to determine the importance, size, or value of)
(类)assess·value=plumb·depth 评价·价值=测水深·深度(动作与其相关对象)
(派)assessor n. 技术顾问,估价者

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8 蓝宝GRE笔考词汇突破核心词汇 蓝宝GRE笔考词汇突破核心词汇 8
asset [ ] n.资产,资源

assiduous [] adj.勤勉的,专心的(diligent)
(类)rakish· restraint=slothful·assiduity 放荡的·抑制=偷懒的·勤勉 (反面特征)
(反)remiss 玩忽职守的 desultory 散漫的 slipshod 草率的
(记)as+sid(坐)→久坐不动的→勤勉的 参考:preside(主持)

assimilate [  ] v. 吸收,,同化
(记)simil相同→使相同→同化 参考:simulate 伪装,模仿

assuage [] vt. 缓和,减轻 (ease;lessen pain)
(反)gall 使生气 inflame 激怒 intensify 加强 exacerbate 恶化 incite煽动
(记)suage(= sweet)→使味道甜→使苦味得到缓和→缓和,减轻

assume [] vt. 接受(receive),承担(undertake)
(反)abdicate ◆ assume 放弃 ◆ 接受
assume ◆ refuse reject 接受 ◆ 拒绝
usurp ◆ assume rightfully 篡权 ◆ 正当的就职
(记)sume(拿,取)联想:拿来→接受 参考:consume消费;assumed假定的,假装的

asterisk [  ] n.星号(the mark *)
astounding [] adj. 令人惊骇的(causing astonishment or amazement)
(类)indelible·forget=astounding·expect 难忘的·忘记=出乎意料的·预期(难以)
astound·wonder=appall·horror 使吃惊·奇迹=使惊骇·恐怖(前果后因)
(记) as-=ex- 加强语气+tound=thunder雷声 联想:雷声使人惊骇。参考:astonish 使震惊

astray [ ] adv. 迷途地, 入歧途地

astringent n. 收敛剂 adj. 收敛的
(类)astringent·pucker=coagulant·congeal 收敛剂·收缩=凝结剂·凝结
astringent·contraction=anesthet ic·insensibility 收敛剂·收缩=麻醉剂·无知觉
astringent·pucker=spark·ignition 收敛剂·收缩=火花·点火
(记)a(表否定)+string=绳子,延伸(to stretch out or extend)string→不伸展→收缩。

astrology n. 占星术
(类)astrology·astronomy=alchemy·chemistry 占星术·天文学=炼金术·化学(伪与正常)
(记)astro-(前缀,表示“星,天体,宇宙”)参考:astronaut 宇航员;astral星状的

astute [] adj. 机敏的,狡猾的(having or showing shrewdness and perspicacity)
(反)fatuous ◆ astute 愚笨的 ◆ 机敏的

asunder adv. 分离(into parts)
(反)asunder ◆ in a piece 分离 ◆ 一整片
(记)a+su nder(谐音:“散的”)→弄散→分离;注意这种a+动词构成副词的用法;如:astray
(例)torn asunder撕开


asylum [] n. 收容所(place of refuge or shelter;protection)
(类)refugee·asylum 难民·避难所

asymmetrical [] adj. 不匀称的,不对称的(not of equal size or similar shape)
(类)circular·asymmetrical=protean·rigid 圆形的·不对称的=变化多端的·僵硬死板的
(记)a(表否定)+symmetrical(对称的)

atone [] v. 赎罪,补偿,弥补(make amends for;pay for, expiate)
(类)guilt·atonement=fatigue·repose 罪行·赎罪=疲劳·休息(消除关系)
(记)a+tone 谐音:一桶;联想用一桶金来赎罪。

atrocious [] adj. 残忍的,极恶的(extremely wicked, brutal, or cruel)
(类)atrocious·bad=momentous·important 极恶的·恶的=极重要的·重要的(程度)
(同)outrageous, desperate, heinous, monstrous
(记)谐音:抽射;联想足球运动员凶狠的抽射。

atrophy adj. 萎缩的(wasting away)
(例) Polio victims need physiotherapy to prevent the atrophy of affected limbs.
小儿麻痹症患者需要物理疗法防止病肢萎缩。
(记)a(无)+trophy(营养,奖品)→无营养→萎缩。

attenuate [] v. 变薄,变弱,削弱(to lessen the amount,magnitude, or value of)
(类)attenuat e·force=decelerate·speed=collapse·volume
减弱·力量=减速·速度=倒塌,崩溃·体积
attenuate·thick ness=enervate·vitality=cool·temperature=blunt·shar pness
使变稀薄·浓度=使虚弱·活力=冷却·温度=钝化·锐利
attenuate ·force=simplify·complexity=debase·value=retrenchme nt·money
减弱·力量=简化·复杂=降低价值·价值=削减·开支
(记)tenu 细,薄 参考:tenuous adj. 纤细的 区别:sinuous 蜿蜒的 extenuate 减轻

auction [  ] n.拍卖
(记)auc=aug提高 参考:augment提高 联想:拍卖就是为了提高价格。

audacious [] adj. 大胆的,愚勇的(intrepidly daring)
(类)audacious·trepidation=laconic·volubility 大胆的·恐惧=说话简洁的·口若悬河(反
义)
audacious·caution=inedible·food 卤莽的·谨慎=不能食用的·食物(反面特征)
(反)circumspect 小心的(干扰:unscrupulous行为不检点的) timid 胆小的
(记)au 谐音(傲)+ da 谐音“大”→傲、大→骄傲自大→大胆的

audition n. 试听(a trial performance to appraise an entertainer's merits)
(类)interview·applicant=audition·actor 面试·申请者=试听·演员
(记)audit 听 参考:audible 听得见的;auditorium 大讲堂 audit 审计

augur [] n. 预言家 v. 占卜,预测(to make predictions from signs or omens)
(类)intercessor·mediate=transla tor·interpret=augur·predict
仲裁者·调解=翻译者·翻译=占卜者·预言
maven·experience e=luminary·eminence=pundit·opine
专家·经验=权威者·显赫=博学者·发表意见
worship·sacrifice=prediction·augury
尊崇·献祭=预言·占卜 【注:通过献祭表达尊崇;通过占卜进行预言】
(记)augur=august(八月)联想:八月天气多变→八月的天气难以预测→预言家,占卜

august [  ] adj.令人敬畏的, 威严的(majestic, venerable) n.八月
(记)来自奥古斯都大帝;古时将八月称为奥古斯都(月)Augustus

auspice [  ] n. 预兆,吉兆(a favorable sign)赞助,支持(kindly patronage and guidance)

auspicious [] adj. 吉兆的;幸运的;顺利的(affording a favorable auspice)
(反)boding ill 不吉祥的 untoward 不幸的 unfavorable 不顺利的 ominous不吉利的
(同)favorable, benign, fortunate, propitious, lucky
(记)由spi 联想spider蜘蛛;中国传说看到蜘蛛代表吉兆。

austere [] adj. 朴素的(markedly simple or unadorned)
(类)abstemious·indulge=【austere·deco rate】有节制的·放纵=【简朴的·修饰】干扰选

参考:20027:t imeworn·novelty=convolution·simplicity反义【干扰:auster e·decorate】
laconic·speech=austere·design 简洁的·演讲=朴素的·设计(形容词修饰名词)
imperial·significant=spartan·austere 至尊的·重要的=简朴的·简朴的(同义)
(反)baroque 结构复杂的 lavish 浪费的

authentic [  ] n. 确实的,真实的(not false or imitation: real, actual)
(类)genuine·authenticity=entire·integrity 真实的·真实性=完整的·完整(形名同义)
discompose·pacific=fabricate·authentic 使不安·平静的=伪造·真实的
authenticity·fraudulent=sincerity·hypocritical 真实·欺诈的=真诚·伪善的
(反)spuriousness◆authenticity 伪造,欺骗◆真实
semblance◆authentic article 伪装◆真实的物品
authentic ◆ bogus 真实的◆伪造的
(记)来自author 作家,作者;过去人们认为作家的话是真实可信的;也是权威的(authority 权
威)
(派)authenticate vt. 证明,证实,鉴定
(例)authenticate the authorship of an old poem 证实某古诗为某人所作

authority [] n. 权威(power to influence thought, opinion, or behavior)
(类)authoritative·acceptance=conspic uous·attention
权威的·接受=出众的·注意力(易于)
authoritativeness·pundits=allegiance·partisans
权威性·博学者=忠诚·教徒(正面特征)
contumacious·authority=conservative·novelty
不听命令的·权威=保守的·新颖(前者否定后者)
recalcitrant·authority=reactionary·change
顽抗的·权威=保守的·改变(前者否定后者)
(记)与authentic比较,两者中间一个是en 联想zhen(真)一个是or联想嘴(权威靠嘴说)
参考:authorize授权

autocracy [] n. 独裁政府(government in which a person possesses unlimited power)
(类)pundit·knowledge=autocracy·power
博学者·知识=独裁者·权利(前者拥有无限的后者)
(记)auto(自己)+cracy(统治)→自己统治→独裁

autonomy [] n. 自治(the quality or state of being self-governing)
(反)autonomy◆dependence 自治◆独立
(记)auto(自动)+nomy(命名)自己给自己命名 联想:独立。
(派)autonomous adj. 自治的(having the right or power of self-government)

avarice [] n. 贪财, 贪婪(excessive or insatiable desire for wealth or gain)
(类)avarice·money=gluttony·food 贪婪·钱=贪吃·食物(动作及其相关对象)
stoic·perturb=avaricious·satisfy 冷静的难扰乱=贪婪的难满足
(反)avarice ◆ generosity 贪婪 ◆ 慷慨 (干扰:sobriety 节制)
contented ◆ avaricious 满足的 ◆ 贪婪的
(记)由avarice联想every 进一步联想:每一个都想要,够贪婪的

aver v. 断言(to declare positively)证明(to verify to be true in pleading a cause)
(反)aver ◆ deny 证明 ◆ 否认

aversion [] n. 嫌恶,憎恨,反感(firm dislike)
(类)aversion·disinclination=adulation·admiratio n 厌恶·不喜欢=奉承·称赞(褒贬程度)
(反)propensity penchant inclination proclivity 偏好,喜欢 affinity 喜好 court 献殷勤

avert [  ] v. 防止,避免;(AVOID)转移(目光等)为避免
(例)averted an accident by turning sharply. 迅速转弯防止事故的发生

avid [] adj. 热切的(characterized by enthusiasm and vigorous pursuit)
(类)reverence·respect=avidity·enthusiasm 尊敬·尊敬=热望·热心(同义)
(反)avid ◆ indifferent 热切的 ◆ 冷谈的,漠然的
(记)比较arid 干燥 联想:干燥由炎热而来→热切的

avow [  ] v. 坦率承认,坦白

avulse [] vt. 撕脱(to separate by avulsion)
(反)link 连接 suture 缝合
(记)a 分离+ vulse 撕断→斯脱

awash [] adj. 浸满水的(covered with water)
(反)awash ◆ dry 浸满水的 ◆ 干燥的
(记)联想wash(用水洗)→浸满水的

awe [] n. v 敬畏(an emotion variously combining dread, veneration, and wonder )
(类)redoubtable·regard awe=despicable·scorn 令人敬畏的·敬畏=可鄙的·鄙视 (因
果)
(反)awe ◆ Irreverence 敬畏◆不尊敬
(记)与音似的owl 猫头鹰一起记→猫头鹰让人敬畏

awkward [] adj. 笨拙的(lacking dexterity or skill)
(类)craven·admirable=【deft·awkward】疑为干扰选项
怯懦的·令人钦佩的(反面特征)灵巧的·笨拙的(反义关系)
参考:maladroit·deft=voluble·terse 笨拙的·灵巧的=冗长的·简洁的(反义)
(反)svelte ◆ paunchy and awkward 苗条的,瘦的 ◆ 大腹便便且笨拙的
(反)dexterous 灵巧的 lithe 优雅的

awl [] n. 锥子,尖钻(a pointed tool for marking surfaces or piercing small holes)
(类)awl·pierce=pestle·hash 尖钻·刺穿=杵·碾碎 (后者是前者的功能)
(记)awl 变形为 law 联想:寻找法律的空隙钻进去。
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awning [] n. 雨篷,遮阳篷(a rooflike structure that serves as a shelter)
(类)awning·sun=umbrella·rain 遮阳蓬·太阳=雨伞·雨

awry [] adj. 扭曲的,走样的(deviating from a straight line or direction)
(反)orderly 有序的 aligned 成一行的

axiomatic [] adj.不证自明的,公理的(self-evident truth requiring no proof)
(反)controversial 争议性的

babble [] vt. 胡说八道(to utter meaningless or unintelligible sounds)
(类)babble·sense=parrot·originality 胡说八道·理性=鹦鹉学舌·创新(前缺乏后)
babble·talk=scribble·write 胡说八道·说=乱涂乱画·写(乱与正常)
(反)babble waffle ◆ express succinctly 闲聊,胡扯 ◆ 简洁地表达
(记)来自baby 婴儿呀呀学语;引申胡说八道。

backhanded [] adj. 间接的,含沙射影的(indirect,devious;especially·sarcastic)
(反)backhanded ◆ forthright 间接的 ◆ 直接的
(记)backhand原义反手击球,引申为间接的

bacteria [] n. 细菌,培养基
(类)bacteria·decomposition=yeast·fermentation 细菌造成腐烂=酵母造成发酵
bacterium·colony=citizen·nation 细菌·菌群=居民·国家(种属)
(反)host·parasite=medium·bacterium 寄主·寄生虫=细菌培养基·细菌

badge [] n. 徽章(a device of membership in a society)标志(a characteristic mark)
(类)chevron·badge=caisson·cart v型袖章·徽章=载炮车·大车 (种属)
【注:chevron:a sleeve badge that usually consists of one or more v-shaped stripes
caisson:a usually 2-wheeled vehicle for artillery ammunition】

badger [] vt. 不断纠缠(to harass or annoy persistently)
(类)b adger·bother=belabor·mention(干扰:persecute·injure)
不断纠缠·使烦恼=喋喋不休·提及(重复和正常)
(记)bad+ger(谐音“哥”)联想:坏哥哥不断纠缠。

badinage [] n. 打趣,揶揄(playful repartee:banter)
(反)badinage ◆ serious discourse 打趣 ◆ 严肃的谈话
badinage ◆ sincere conversation 打趣 ◆ 严肃的交谈
badinage ◆ clear reference 揶揄 ◆ 清晰的指出
(记)bad+inage=image 想象→坏想象→下流的想象→黄段子→打趣,揶揄

bait [] v. 折磨(to persist in tormenting or harassing another;badger)
(反)disarm 抚慰,使消除敌意 mollify 抚慰 (干扰:fortify 使坚强)
【注】bait implies wanton cruelty or delight in persecuting a helpless victim baited the chained
dog
disarm :to overcome or allay the suspicion, hostility, or antagonism of
His smile disarmed us. 他的微笑消除了我们的怒气。
(记)原义:饵, 诱惑物。联想:以饵引诱(动物)→欺负,折磨(哎,动物真可怜)

bale [] n. 极恶(great evil)v.痛苦,悲哀(woe,sorrow)
(反)bale ◆ mirth 悲哀 ◆ 高兴
(记)谐音“背”北方方言“点儿背”是遭遇不幸的意思→痛苦,灾祸

baleful [] adj. 邪恶的,有害的(deadly or pernicious in influence)
(类)baleful·menace=solicitous·concern 邪恶的·邪恶=关切的·关心(形名同义)
(反)baleful ◆ beneficent 邪恶的 ◆ 仁慈的

balk [] vt. 阻止(block)不肯前行,退缩(refuse to proceed)
(反)balk ◆ move ahead willingly 不肯前行 ◆ 欣然前行
(记)来自bar 栅栏,障碍物

balky [] adj. 不肯前行的,倔强的(refusing to proceed;restive, wrongheaded)
(反)balky ◆ tractable 倔强的 ◆ 温顺的
balky ◆ acquiesce 不听话的 ◆ 默许

ballad [] n. 民歌(a simple song)抒情民谣(a popular slow sentimental song)
(类)ballad·song=lyric·poem=comedian·actor 民谣·歌曲=抒情诗·诗歌=喜剧演员·演

ballad·stanza=novel·chapter 民谣·诗节=小说·章节(组成)
【注】ballad:a narrative poem consisting of simple stanzas 民谣就是一种叙事诗歌
(记)ball 舞会+lad(谐音:拉的)联想:舞会上拉的(曲子)→抒情民谣

ballast [] n. 压舱物
(类)ballast·stability=truss girder·support=support 压舱物·稳定=托架 大梁·支撑
ballast·instability=purchase·slippage 压舱物·不稳=支点·滑动(前者防止后者)
(记)ball 球 一个小常识:船上的压舱物是大铁球。

ballet [] n. 芭蕾舞(记)本身是音译词
(类)instrumentalist·symphony=dancer·ballet 演奏家·交响乐=舞蹈家·芭蕾舞

balloon v. 膨胀(to swell or puff out)迅速增加(to increase rapidly)
(反)balloon ◆ decrease slowly 迅速增加 ◆ 缓慢减少 (记)balloon 原义气球

list 4 balm-------- byzantine
balm [] n. 香膏(an aromatic preparation)安慰剂(a soothing restorative agency)
(类)antidote·poisoning=balm·irritation 解毒·毒=安慰剂·刺激(前者消除后者)
(反)balm ◆ piquant irritant 香膏 ◆ 辛辣物 刺激物
balmy ◆ inclement 温和的 ◆ 严酷的
balmy ◆ piquant 芬芳的 ◆ 辛辣的【注:balmy温和的(mild);芬芳的(fragrant)】
(记)与palm(手掌)一起记;宽大的手掌抚平心头的创伤。

banal [] adj. 凡的, 陈腐的(lacking originality, freshness, or novelty·trite)
(反)banal ◆ novel arresting 陈腐的 ◆ 有新意的 引人注意的
banality ◆ freshness 陈腐 ◆ 新鲜
banality ◆ original original expression 陈腐 ◆ 原创
(记)与banana一起记,香蕉容易腐烂。

band [ bAnd ] n.带子(flat, thin strip of material)收音机波段(range of frequencies)
bane n. 祸根 (cause of ruin)
(反)bane ◆ blessing 祸根 ◆ 福根
【注:blessing福根(a thing conducive to happiness or welfare)】
(反)bane ◆ benefit 祸根 ◆ 益处
salubrious ◆ baneful 有益健康的 ◆ 非常有害的
【注:baneful 非常有害的(seriously harmful)】
(记)注意和bale灾难,痛苦区别。bane强调灾难造成的原因。

banish [] vt. 驱逐(exile;to drive away;expel)
(类)evict·residence=banish·country 逐出·住宅=驱逐出·国家
(记)ban 禁止→禁止在这个国家停留→驱逐

banister [] n. 栏杆的支柱,楼梯的扶栏(a handrail with its supporting posts)
(类)stairca se·banister=garden·fence(干扰:curb·road)
楼梯·扶栏=花园·围墙(干扰:路边·路)

banquet [] n. 盛宴(a sumptuous feast)
(类)author·novel=sculp tor·marble(干扰:chef·banquet(厨师·宴会))
作家·小说=雕塑家·雕刻品(人物及其创作工作对象)
【注】chef·banquet(厨师:宴会) 是干扰选项。厨师的直接工作对象当然是食
物,宴
会与厨师有关但并非厨师是主角。marble :a sculpture made from this rock雕刻品

banter [] v. 善意的玩笑(to speak to or address in a witty and teasing manner)
(类)playful·banter=exaggerated·hyperbole 玩笑的·玩笑=夸张的·夸张(形名同义)
(记)谐音:帮他。联想:用善意的玩笑来帮助他。
(例)The students enjoyed their teacher's bantering them about their mistakes.
同学们对老师用风趣的方式讲解他们的错误很感兴趣。

barb [] n. 尖锐而严厉的批评(a biting or pointedly critical remark or comment)
(类)barb·caustic=pan·harsh 尖锐批评·尖刻的=严厉批评·严厉的
(记)barb 倒钩 联想:带钩带刺的,批评。

barbarous [] adj.野蛮的, 残暴的, 粗野的(mercilessly harsh or cruel)
(反)quiescent 安静的 civilized 文明的
(记)barbar(愚昧)+ous 联想:愚昧的→野蛮的

barefaced [] adj. 公然的,无耻的(open, unconcealed)
(反)barefaced aboveboard ◆ surreptitious 公然的 光明正大的◆暗中的

bargain [] v. 讨价还价(to negotiate over the terms of a purchase)
(类)debate·issue=bargain·price 争论·议题=讨价还价·价钱
(同)huckster(叫卖), palter(斤斤计较)

baroque [] adj. 高度装饰的,过份雕琢的(highly ornate)
(反)baroque ◆ austere 过分修饰的 ◆ 简朴的
(记)由巴洛克艺术而来,讲究装饰。

barrage [] v. 枪弹齐发n. 连续质问
(类)barrage·explosives=deluge·rain 枪弹齐发·爆炸物=豪雨·雨
(例)the announcement was met with a barrage of protests这项声明遭遇了暴风骤雨般的抗议。
(记)bar(棒子)+ rage(疯狂)→棒子很疯狂→枪弹齐发

barrage 2 n. 拦河坝,堰(artificial obstacle built across a river)
barren [] adj. 不育的,贫瘠的(lacking vegetation)
(反)barren ◆ prolific 不育的 ◆ 大量繁殖的
(记)bar=bare(光秃的)→不孕的,贫瘠的

barricade v. 阻碍 (to block off with a barricade)
(反)barricade ◆ permit passage 阻碍 ◆ 允许通过
(记)bar 栅栏,障碍

barter [] n. 物物交换(to trade by exchanging one commodity for another)
(类)jog·exercise=barter·trade 慢跑·运动=以物易物·交易
correspond·letters=barter·commodities 通信·信=以物易物·商品
(记)barter 谐音:巴特尔 著名篮球运动员 联想:巴特尔被交换到NBA

base [] adj. 卑鄙的,低级的(lacking of higher qualities of mind or spirit)
(同)virtuous 品德高尚的 noble 高贵的 sublime 崇高的 patrician 贵族的

baseboard [] n. 护壁板,脚板(a molding covering the joint of a wall)
(类)veneer·furniture=baseboard·wall 木片·家具=护壁板·墙

batch [] n. 一炉、一批一次烘烤出来的数量(an amount produced at one baking)
(类)batch·cookie 一炉·甜饼 不确定答案compound·element化合物·元素
(例)a batch of cookies. 一炉小甜饼

bathetic [] adj. 平凡的,陈腐的(exceptional commonplaceness)
(反)offbeat◆bathetic 离奇的◆平庸的
(记)bath 洗澡 联想:洗澡目的是什么,当然是洗去陈腐的东西

bawdy [] adj. 猥亵的(indecent,lewd)
(反)bawdy◆decorous 猥亵的◆有品位的
(记)谐音:body 身体。猥亵的人对女人的body 不怀好意。

beatitude [  ] n.至福, 祝福
(记)beat幸福 参考:beatific快乐的,幸福的

bedeck [] vt. 装饰,修饰(to clothe with finery)
(反)bedeck◆strip 装饰◆剥去
(记)deck 除甲板的意思外,还有装饰的意思。

bedizen [ ] v. 穿着俗丽,打扮俗气(to adorn, especially in a cheap, showy manner)
(记)dizen 穿着俗丽 参考:dizzy 眼花缭乱;联想:穿着花哨俗丽让人眼花缭乱。

befuddle [  ] vt. 使迷惑, 使为难;使酒醉昏迷
(例)John is very amusing when he is completely befuddled.
当约翰喝得完全糊涂了的时候, 他非常有趣儿。

beget [  ] vt.招致, 产生, 引起(to cause to exist or occur; produce)

begrudge [  ] vt. 嫉妒, 羡慕, 吝啬舍不得给
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(记)grudge不愿给,嫉恨

beholder [] n.目睹者, 旁观者(behold v. 目睹,看到)

beholden [  ] adj. 欠人情的(being under obligation for a favor or gift)
(例)I'm beholden to you 我欠你的人情。

belabor [] vt. 冗长的解释(to explain or insist on excessively)
(类)assert·belabor=tend·fuss 断言·冗长的讨论=关心·过分关心 (正常与过分)
(记)be+labor(劳作) 联想:不断劳作→过分地做或说

belch [  ] v. 打嗝,喷出
(例)A volcano belches smoke and ashes. 火山喷出烟和灰。

beleaguer [] vt. 使困扰,使烦恼(trouble,harass)围攻
(反)beleaguer ◆ delight 使烦恼 ◆ 使愉悦
(记)be+leaguer(盟员,会员)→成为会员 联想:成为坏组织的成员后让他很苦恼

belie [] v. 掩饰,证明为假(to show something to be false or wrong)
(反)belie◆affirm confirm show to be correct 证明为假◆确认 证明为真
(记)lie 谎言 两个方面联想:1. 不承认是谎言→掩饰 2. 想证明其是谎言→证伪

bellicose [] adj. 好战的,好斗的(inclined to start quarrels or wars)
(类)imperious·servile=bellicose·peaceable 傲慢的·卑屈的=好战的·和平的
(反)bellicose◆appeasing 和平的 inclined to make pease 和平的 conciliatory 调和的
(记)bell(=war 战争)→好战的 参考:rebel rebellion(叛乱)

belligerent [  ] a. 交战的,好战的
(反)belligerent ◆ peaceful 好战的◆爱好和平的
b
nut: bolt 螺母:螺栓
elligeren
nail: hammer 钉子:锤子
t ◆
blade: razor 刀锋:剃刀
conciliat
stapler: paper 钉书机:纸
ory
chisel: stone 凿子,刻刀:石头
好战的

◆调和


bellwether n. 领
导者, 群众的首领 (one that serves as a leader)
(类)bellwether·leadership=advisor·consultant 领导者·领导层=顾问·顾问
(记)bell(战争)+wether 公羊→战时的公羊→领导者

bemused [] a. 困惑的,发呆的(bewildered)
(记)muse 沉思,苦思冥想→陷入苦思冥想中→困惑的

bend [] vi. 弯曲,屈服(to make submissive·subdue,compromise)
(类)bend·rigid=submerge·buoyant 弯曲·刚硬=下沉·浮起(反义)

benediction [] n. 祝福(the invocation of a blessing)
(反)curse ◆ benediction 诅咒,咒语 ◆ 祝福
(记)bene 好,善+dict 说→ 说好话→祝福

beneficent [] adj. 仁慈的;有益的(doing or producing good)
(类)beneficent·harm=tenacious·yield 有利的不会伤害=顽固的不会屈服
philanthropist·beneficence=comedian·humor 慈善家仁慈=喜剧演员幽默
(反)noxious ◆ beneficial 有害的 ◆ 有益的,有用的
toxic ◆ beneficial 有毒的 ◆ 有益的
(记)bene 好,善+fic 做→ 做好事→仁慈;参考:benefactor n. 捐助人,施主

benign [] adj.(病)良性的, 仁慈的(showing kindness and gentleness)
(反)benignant ◆ vicious 仁慈的◆恶毒的
(记)ben(=bene好)→仁慈的

bent [] n. 天赋,天才(a special inclination or capacity:talent);倾向, 爱好(bias)
(反)bent ◆ ineptitude 天赋 ◆ 无能

bequest [] n. 遗产,遗赠 (something bequeathed:legacy)
(类)heirloom·ancestor=bequest·testator 传家宝·祖先=遗产·立遗嘱的人
(记)be(被)+ quest(寻求)联想:被寻求的东西→遗产 参考:bequeath v.遗赠

berate [] v. 严责(to scold or condemn vehemently and at length)
(反)commend praise 称赞
(记)rate 除了比率,估价外,还有责骂的意思。

bereave [] vt 夺去;使丧失
(例)Anger bereft him of words.愤怒使他说不出话来。

beseech [] v. 祈求,恳求(to request earnestly·implore)
(类)supplicant·beseeching=coquette·flirtatious 恳求者·恳求=轻浮的人·轻浮的
(记)be+seech(=seek寻求)→寻求→恳求

beset [] vt 困扰(to trouble persistently;harass)围绕(surround)
(例)beset by worries The project was beset with difficulties.

besiege [  ] vt.围困, 围攻, 包围
besmirch [] v. 诽谤,玷污(sully,soil)
(反)besmirch ◆ honor 诽谤 ◆ 尊敬
(记)smirch n. 污迹 v. 弄脏

bespeak v. 显示出,证明(INDICATE, SIGNIFY)预订(to hire, engage, or claim beforehand)
(例)her performance bespeaks considerable practice 她的表演显示出她曾大量的练习

betoken [ ] vt.预示(to be or give a sign
信号
or portent
征兆
of)
(记)token n.记号,象征

betray [ ] v. 背叛,辜负;泄露,(非故意地)暴露,显露,表现
(例)Her hollow laugh betrayed her contempt for the idea.
她的大笑显示了她对此观点的蔑视

bewail [ ] v. 悲悼,哀泣;表示悲叹
(例)bewailing the possible effects of double-digit unemployment
为可能是两位数的失业结果而悲叹

bewildering [] adj. 令人困惑的,令人昏乱的

bibliography n. 参考书目(a list of the works)
(类)list·bibliography=painting·portrait 目录·书目=画·肖象画(种属)
(记)biblio(书) 参考:bibliophile 藏书家

bibliophile [] n. 爱书者,藏书家(a lover of books)
(类)bibliophile·books=gourmet·food 藏书家·书籍=美食家·食物
(记)biblio(书)+phile(爱)→爱书者

bibulous [ ] adj. 嗜酒的, 吸水力强的(如海棉)

bifurcate v. 使分离(to cause to divide into two branches or parts)
(反)bifurcate◆validate coalesce 使分离◆使坚固 接合
(记)bi(两)+furc(fork叉)→分离。

bigot [] n. 盲信者,狭隘者(a person obstinately devoted to his own opinions)
(类)bigot·tolerance=turncoat·constancy 狭隘者·容忍=背叛者·一致性(前缺乏后)
bigot·tolerance=liar·honesty 狭隘者·容忍=说谎者·诚实(前缺乏后)
bigot·dedication=rage·anger 盲信者·奉献=狂怒者·愤怒(程度)
bigoted·advice=conservative·change 顽固的·忠告=保守的·变迁(前者拒绝后者)
posturer·unaffected=bigot·tolerant 装模作样者·不矫饰的=狭隘者·宽容的
bigot·tolerant=provincial·cosmopolitan 狭隘者·宽容的=乡下人·城市的
(同)enthusiast, bug, fanatic, fiend, maniac, zealot
(记)bigot(=by god 上帝作证)联想:什么事情都要让上帝作证→盲信者 参

考:bigotry n.顽固



bilious [  ] a. 胆汁质的,坏脾气的

(记)bile 胆汁,愤怒
答案:(C)

bit [] n. 钻头(the jaws of tongs or pincers)
(类)BIT: DRILL 钻头:钻




bizarre [ ] adj. 怪诞的,异乎寻常的(strikingly out of the ordinary)
(记)来自bazaar集市

bland [] adj. 没有味道的,不刺激的(not irritating·soothing)
(反)tangy ◆ bland 味道刺激的 ◆ 没有味道的
(同)balmy, suave, soft,smooth, gentle
(记)bland(=blank空白的)→味道空白→没有味道的

blandishment [ ] n. 奉承,哄骗的话(something that tends to coax or cajole) (类)blandishment·coax=medal·honor=threat·intimida te
哄骗的话语用来哄骗=奖牌代表荣誉=威胁的作用是胁迫
(反)blandishment ◆ threat 哄骗(软方法)◆ 威胁(手段强硬)
(同)flattery, adulation , allurement
(记)bland(温和)+ish(动作)→ 用温和的方法来哄骗

blasé [] adj. 厌倦享乐的,冷漠的(bored with pleasure or dissipation)
(类)miser·munificent=zealot·blasé 吝啬鬼不慷慨=狂热者不冷漠
(同)disenchanted,unconcerned

blasphemy [] n. 亵渎
blast [] n. 一阵猛烈的强风(a violent gust of wind)
(类)blast·whiff=gush·trickle 强风吹·轻轻吹=涌出·缓缓流出(程度)

blatant [] adj. 喧哗的;非常明显的(completely obvious conspicuous, or obtrusive)
(类)ambiguous·understand=blatant·ignore 模棱两可的不容易理解=显著的不容易忽略
blatant·arresting=odious·disgusting 醒目的引人注意=讨厌的令人厌恶
(反)blatant◆inconspicuous 不明显的 unimpressive 不显眼的 subtle细微而不容易察觉

(记)blat本身是一个词(喋喋不休)→喧哗的 参考:blatter 滔滔不绝地说

blazon [] n. 纹章;卖弄(ostentatious display)v. 刻纹章
(类)alliterate·remove=blazon·efface 头韵难以被删除=纹章难以被拭除
blazon·adorn=pillar·support 纹章用来装饰=柱子用来支持
(反)blazon◆efface 刻纹章◆抹掉
diffidence◆blazonness 缺乏自信而保守◆卖弄的显示

blemish [] v. 损害n. 缺点(to spoil by a flaw)
(类)blemish·impeccable=guile·artless 缺点·没有缺点的=狡诈·朴实的
anomaly·paradigmatic=blemish·flawless 异常·典范的=缺点·无缺点的
unequivocable·ambiguous=spotless·blemish 不含糊的·模糊的=无污点的·污点
(同)harm, hurt, spoil, vitiate, damage
(记)blem(损伤) 与problem一起记;有问题也就是有缺点。

blight [blaIt] vt. 破坏,使枯萎;vi.枯萎
(反)blight ◆ flourish 枯萎 ◆ 茂盛(干扰:cause to energetic使精力旺盛)
【注:blight做枯萎意思时指植物,没有引申指人萎靡不振,而茂盛可指植物】
blighted ◆ halesound robust 枯萎的 ◆ 强壮的,健壮的
blighted ◆ unblemished 毁坏的,枯萎的 ◆ 无损坏的
(记)b(不的音)+light → 没有阳光就枯萎了

bliss [] n. 极度快乐(complete happiness)
(类)dislike·loathing=pleasure·bliss 不喜欢·非常厌恶=快乐·极度快乐(程度)
(同)happiness, beatitude, blessedness
(记)bliss(发音为不理事) → 不用做事很快乐

blithe [] adj. 愉快的(of a happy lighthearted character or disposition)
(反)blithe ◆ grave 愉快的 ◆ 沉重的

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11 蓝宝GRE笔考词汇突破核心词汇 蓝宝GRE笔考词汇突破核心词汇
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blueprint n. 蓝图,设计图,计划(a detailed plan or program of action)
(类)wood· carpenter=blueprint· architect 木头·木匠(设计图·建筑师人物及其工作对象)

bluff [ ] v. 欺骗,愚弄;吓唬,虚张声势
(例)He's only bluffing. 他只是虚张声势而已。

blunder [] n.大错(a gross error or mistake)v. 犯大错
(类)protocol·blunder=bumper·damage 礼节防止犯大错=保险杆防止损坏
【注:bumper:保险杠a usually metal bar at either end of an automobile】
(同)boner, bungle, lapse, mistake, slip
(记)和plunder(抢劫)一起记。抢劫是大错。

blunt [] vt. 使变钝(to make less sharp or definite)
(类)attenuation·strength=bluntness·sharpness 使浓度变稀薄=使锐利的变迟钝]
(反)blunt◆whet 使变钝◆磨快
(同)disedge, obtund, dull

blur [] v. 使模糊(to make indistinct and hazy in outline or appearance;obscure)
(类)blur·definition=subjugate·independence 使模糊以消除清晰度=使屈服以消除独立性
(同)besmirch, discolor, smudge, stain, tarnish

blurb [] n. 简短的公告a short publicity notice (as on a book jacket)
(类)blurb·notice=gloss·explanation=came o·appearance
简短公告·公告=简短解释·解释=简短表演·表演(前者是后者的简化版)
【注:gloss· a brief explanation ;cameo:Broadly:any brief appearance】

blurt [] vt. 突然说出,冲动的说出(to utter abruptly and impulsively, usually used with out)
(类)flit·move=blurt·utter 迅速飞过·移动=突然说出·出声(快·正常)
(同)exclaim, ejaculate

blush [] v. n. 脸红(a reddening of the face especially from shame, modesty, or confusion)
(类)blush·embarrassment=smile·pleasure 因困窘而脸红=因高兴而微笑

bluster [] v.吵闹;狂妄自大地说或做(to be windy and boisterous)
(类)blustering·speak=swaggering·walk 狂妄的说话·说话=大摇大摆的走路·走路(种属)
bluster·loud=pontificate·pompous 吵闹·高声的=装模做样地说话·华而不实的

boast [] n. v. 自夸(the act or an instance of boasting)
(同)blowhard·boastful=toady·obsequious 吹牛的人·自夸的=拍马屁的人·谄媚的
boast·pride=complain·discontent 夸耀·骄傲=抱怨·不满(前者表达后者)

boding [] n.前兆,特别是凶兆(an omen, prediction, or presentiment)
(类)auspicious ◆ boding ill 吉祥的 ◆ 凶兆的
(同)ominous, ill-omened, inauspicious, unpropitious
(记)bode(预示)+ing → 前兆,凶兆

bodyguard [] n. 警卫(a usually armed attendant whose duty is to protect a person)
(类)bodyguard·person=soldier·country 警卫保护人=士兵保卫国家
(记)body(身体)+guard(受到保护)→ 警卫

boggle v. 因为怀疑,恐惧而犹豫(to hesitate because of doubt, fear, or scruples)
(类)boggle ◆ embolden 犹豫 ◆ 使大胆
(同)balk, demur, scruple, stumble

bogus [  ] adj. 假冒的,伪造的(spurious)

bohemian [  ] adj. 放荡不羁的,波希米亚的 n.吉普赛人
(记)源自波希米亚(该地居住着不同于世俗生活方式的吉卜赛人)

boisterous [ ] adj. 吵闹的(noisily turbulent)
(类)boisterous ◆ quiet 吵闹的 ◆ 安静的
(同)vociferous, blatant, clamorous
(记)boister(吵闹的)+ ous → 吵闹的

bolster [] 支持(a structural part designed to eliminate friction or provide support)
(类)bolster·support=tackle·hoist 支撑物用来支撑=吊索用来提升(事物及其作用)
(反)thwart ◆ foment foster bolster 阻挠 ◆ 煽动鼓励支持
bolster ◆ decrease support of 支持 ◆ 减少支持
bolster ◆ undermine 支持 ◆ 破坏
(同)support, brace, buttress, prop, uphold

bombast [] n. 夸大的言辞(pretentious inflated speech or writing)
(类)nonsensical·drivel=pompous·bombast 荒谬的·胡言乱语=夸大的·夸大的言辞
bombast·pompous=tirade·critical 夸大的话·夸大的=长篇攻击性的演说·批评的
(反)bombast ◆ down to earth language 夸大的言辞 ◆ 实事求是的话
bombastic ◆ understated 夸大的 ◆ 不夸张的,朴素的
bombastic ◆ unpretentious 夸大的 ◆ 谦逊的
(同)fustian, rodomontade, rant, rhapsody, rhetoric
(记)bomb+ast→说话像炸弹,很夸张

bonhomie [] n.温和,和蔼(good-natured easy friendliness)
(类)genial·bonhomie=diplomatic·tact 温和的·温和 =老练的·老练(形名同义)
(记)bon(好的)→ 温和的

bonus [] n. 奖金,红利
(类)bonus·employee=decoration·soldier 奖金·雇员=勋章·战士(奖励关系)

boo [] v. 嘘(表示不满或嘲笑)(express contempt, scorn, or disapproval of by booing)
(反)snare ◆ boo 诱捕,诱惑 ◆ 嘘,轰赶
【注:诱惑是往里面拉;嘘是往外头赶】

boon [] n. 恩惠, 福利(benefit,favor)
(反)boon ◆ misfortune 恩惠 ◆ 灾祸
(同)gift, benevolence, largess

boor [] n.迟钝的人, 粗野的人(a rude or insensitive person)
(类)insensitive·boor=mischievous·imp 迟钝的·迟钝的人=淘气的·顽童
(反)boor ◆ civil person 粗人 ◆ 有修养的人
(记)boo(被嘲笑)→ 迟钝的人被嘲笑

boost [  ] v. 推动,提高,增加
(例)We need to boost our spirits. 我们需要鼓舞士气。

bootless [] adj. 无用的 (useless,unprofitable)
(类)bootless·futility=effulgent·resplendence 无用的·无用的=辉煌的· 辉煌的
interesting·intriguing=bootless·futile 有趣的·有趣的=无用的·无用的
bootless·futility=void·empty 无用的·无用的=空的·空的
(记)参考:boot(靴子)
(同)futile, ineffective, useless, vain

bore [] vt.钻孔,厌倦 (to make a hole by or as if by boring)
(类)die · shaping=drill · boring 冲模用来整形=钻孔机用来打洞
food · hunger=stimulation · boredom 食物消除饥饿=刺激物消除厌倦
(反)entrance ◆ disappoint disgust repel repulse bore
使人入神的 ◆ 使失望使厌恶抵制憎恶使烦扰
(同)ennui, pall, tire, weary

bound [] n. 限制(to confine, restrain, or restrict as if with bonds)
(类)boundless·limit=impeccable·flaw 无限制的·限制=没缺点的·缺点
boundless·extensive=interminable·lengthy 无限的·宽广的=无限的·冗长的(程度)
(反)boundless ◆ limited 没有限制的 ◆ 有限制的
boundary ◆ unrestrainedness 界限 ◆ 无限制

bouquet [] n. 花束
(类)bouquet·flowers=woodpile·logs 花束·花=木料堆·圆木 (组成)
bouquet·flowers=constellation·star 花束·花=星座·星星 (组成)

boycott [] vt. 联合抵制
(反)boycott ◆ patronize 抵制 ◆ 资助

bracing [] n.支持;adj.令人振奋的(giving strength, vigor, or freshness)
(反)bracing ◆ vapid 令人振奋的 ◆ 乏味的
denounce ◆ bracing 指责 ◆ 支持
(记)brace(支撑)+ing → 支持
(同)exhilarating, stimulating,tonic, vitalizing, animating

bracket [] n. 支架, 托架
(类)buttress·wall=bracket·shelf 扶壁用来支持墙壁=支架用来支撑架子

braid [breId] v.编织(made by intertwining three or more strands)
(类)grooved·striated=braided·stranded 开槽的·有条纹的=编织成的·梳成辫子的(同
义)

brake [] n.刹车(to retard or stop by a brake)
(类)divert·shunt=retard·brake 转移·使转轨=减速·刹车(行为及其特定目的)
brake·decelerate=clamp·compression 刹车·减速=夹钳·压缩(行为及其后果)
【注:clamp :Any of various devices used to join, grip, support, or compress mechanical or
structural parts. 某种设备用来连接、抓住、支持或压缩结构性的部件】
(同)hinder, bar, block, impede, obstruct

brash [] adj 轻率的,仓促的(done in haste without regard for consequences)
(类)frivolous·gravity=brash·discretion 琐碎的·重大=轻率的·慎重周到
candor·subterfuge=brash·deliberate 坦白·托词=仓促的·深思熟虑的
(同)rash, hasty, incautious, inconsiderate, reckless, thoughtless

brassy [] adj. 厚脸皮的 ,不知羞耻的(being shamelessly bold)
(反)diffident 羞怯的 furtive 秘密的 humble 谦逊的unassertive 谦逊的
(记)brass(铜的)+y → 铜的皮很厚→ 厚脸皮
(同)shameless, barefaced, brazen, brazenfaced, impudent, unabashed

brattish [] adj. 小孩被宠坏的;淘气的,无礼的(ill-mannered annoying)
(类)tigh tfisted·parsimonious=brattish·mischievous
吝啬的·吝啬的=宠坏的·恶作剧的(同义)
(记)brat(小孩,顽童)+tish → 小朋友比较淘气

bravado [  ] n, 假装勇敢,虚张声势
(类)courageous·bravado=compl imentary·fulsomeness
勇敢的·虚张声势=称赞的·不真诚的称赞(褒贬)
【注:fulsome:offensively flattering or insincere. 令人不快地恭维的或不真诚的
例:He was too fulsome in his praise. 他的赞美太虚假。】

bravura [] n. 出色的表演(a show of daring or brilliance)
(类)bravura·performance=resplendent·appearance 出色的表演·表演=华丽的外表·外


brazen [] adj.厚颜无耻的(marked by contemptuous boldness)
(类)impudence·brazen=deadpan·impassive 厚颜无耻·厚颜无耻的=无表情的脸·冷漠的
(反)brazen ◆ modest 厚颜无耻的 ◆ 谦虚的
brazen ◆ self effacing 厚颜无耻的 ◆ 害羞的
brazen ◆ diffident 厚颜无耻的 ◆ 缺乏自信的
(记)brass(厚脸皮的)+en → 厚颜无耻的
(同)shameless, barefaced,brazenfaced, impudent, unabashed

breach [] v. 使破裂, 破坏(to make a breach in)
(类)breach·continuity=disturb·repose 破坏连续性 =扰乱休息(动宾关系)
(反)breach ◆ solder 破裂 ◆ 焊合
(同)break, fissure, fracture, rupture

breezeway [] n. 有屋顶的通路
(类)breezeway·building=stairway·floor 有屋顶的通路·建筑物=楼梯·楼层(事物及相关
对象)

brevity [] n.简短,简洁(shortness or conciseness of expression)
(类)brevity·aphorism=distortion·caricature 格言比较简短=滑稽模仿比较歪曲
exaggeration·caricature=brevity·epigram 讽刺画通常比较夸张=箴言通常比较简短
(反)brevity ◆ lengthiness 简短 ◆ 冗长
(记)bret(短的)+ ity → 简短
(同)conciseness, shortness
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[] v. & n. 贿赂,收买(to induce or influence by or as if by bribery)
(类)bribe·incorruptible=affect·insensible 不腐败的的不会行贿=无知觉的的不会感动

bridle [] v. 限制(to restrain, check, or control with or as if with a bridle)
(类)bridled ◆ without restraint 受限制的 ◆ 没有限制的

brisk [] adj. 活泼的(keenly alert)
(反)brisk ◆ ponderous 活泼的 ◆ 沉闷的
【注:ponderous :lacking grace or fluency 缺乏优雅和连贯,沉闷的】
(记)b+risk(冒险)→ 敢冒险的比较活泼
(同)agile, active, lively, sprightly, spry

bristle [] v.怒发冲冠(to take on an aggressive attitude or appearance)
(类)bristle·anger=vacillate·unresolution 怒发冲冠·愤怒=忧郁不定·不坚决(动名同义)
干扰:(condone·mercy)(condemn·warning)
(反)bristle ◆ cower 怒发冲冠 ◆ 畏缩
(同)anger, boil, burn, fume, rage, seethe
(记)bristle 原义鬃毛,因发怒鬃毛直立,被称作怒发冲冠。

brittle [] adj. 易碎的,脆弱的,易坏的(easily broken, cracked, or snapped)
(类)manifest·perceive=brittle·break 明显的容易认识到=易碎的容易破碎
(同)crisp, crumbly, crunchy, friable
(记)与bottle(瓶子)一起记,瓶子是容易碎的。

broach [] v.开启;开矿;论文开题(open up)
(反)broach ◆ close off 开启 ◆ 关闭
(记)与breach(缺口;突破)一起记,打开缺口。

bromide [] n.陈腐的意见(a commonplace or hackneyed statement or notion)
(类)equivocation·misleading=bromide·hackneyed
模棱两可的话·易引起误解的=陈腐的意见·陈腐的(正面特征)
(反)bromide ◆ unhackneyed 陈腐的 ◆ 新奇的
(同)commonplace, banality, platitude, tag

brook [] v. (只用于否定句)忍受,容许;(to stand for ;tolerate)n. 小河
(反)brook ◆ refuse to tolerate 容忍 ◆ 拒绝忍受
(例)He would brook no interruptions. 他不容许别人打岔。

browbeat [] vt. 威吓(to intimidate by a stern manner or arrogant speech)
(类)instigator·incite=bully·browbeat 煽动者善于煽动=欺凌弱小者善于威吓
(记)brow(眉毛)+beat(打架)→ 皱起眉毛进行恐吓
(同)intimidate, bluster, bully, cow

bruit [] vt. 散播(to noise abroad)
(反)bruit ◆ keep secret 散播 ◆ 保持秘密
(同)declare, announce, annunciate, broadcast, proclaim, promulgate

buck [] v. 反对(to refuse assent;balk)
(反)buck ◆ assent to 反对 ◆ 赞成
(同)oppose, resist, dispute, repel, traverse

bucolic [] adj. 乡村的,田园的(relating to or typical of rural life)
(类)hovel·palatial=city·bucolic 小屋·宏伟的=城市·乡村的
palatial·hovel=bucolic·metropolis 宏伟的·小屋=乡村的·大都市
(反)bucolic ◆ urban 乡村的 ◆ 都市的
bucolic ◆ sophisticated 乡土的 ◆ 世故的
(记)buc(牛)+olic(养)→ 养牛的→乡村
(同)rural, countrified, outland, pastoral, rustic

budge [] vi. 移动(move;shift)退让 (to give way;yield)
(类)palter·candor=diehard·budge 敷衍不会坦白=顽固分子不会退让
vagary·predict=diehard·budge 奇特行为是难以预知的=顽固的人是难以退让的

buffoon [] n.小丑(a ludicrous figure;clown)
(类)ludicrous·bu ffoon=dissolute·libertine=humorous·wag
滑稽的·小丑=放纵的·放荡的人=幽默的·搞笑者
inexperience·neophyte=ludicrous·buffoon 缺乏经验·新手 =滑稽·小丑
(记)谐音“布冯” 意大利守门员,这次世界杯的表演象小丑一样。

bulge [] n. 凸出部分(a protuberant or swollen part or place)
(反)bulge ◆ depressed region 凸出部分 ◆ 凹陷部分

bulk [ ] n.(巨大)体积,容量;主体,绝大部分
(记)The great bulk of necessary work can never be anything but painful
大量必须做的工作真令人痛苦

bully [] n. 欺凌弱小者(one habitually cruel to others who are weaker)
(类)instigator·incite=bully·browbeat 煽动者善于煽动=欺凌弱小者善于威吓
bully·intimidate=stupid·gullibility 欺凌弱小者善于威吓=笨人容易上当
sabotage·subvertness=bull·intimidation 破坏·颠覆=暴力·威吓(前是后的手段)
【注:bull n.公牛 v.暴力行事(to act on with violence)】
(反)underdog ◆ bully 被欺负的人 ◆ 欺凌弱小者
(同)browbeater, harrier, hector, intimidator
v.碰(伤), 撞(破), 颠簸

bump [  ] v. 碰撞,冲撞 (bumper汽车保险杠)
bumptious [] adj. 傲慢的,自夸的(presumptuously, noisily self-assertive)
(类)impetuous·vacillation=dour ·geniality=bumptious·humbleness
冲动的人不会犹豫=严厉的人不亲切=傲慢的人不谦逊
bumptious·ass ertive=garish·colourful自大的·非常自信的=炫耀的·华丽的(褒贬程
度)
干扰:(compendious·succinct)(exuberant·happy)

bungle [] . 办糟,失败(to act or work clumsily and awkwardly)
(反)bungle ◆ bring off 失败 ◆ 成功
(记)谐音:笨狗→把事情办糟

buoy [] vt.支撑 (support;uplift)
bribe
(反)buoyed ◆ unsupported 支撑的 ◆ 没有支持的
(同)support, bolster, prop, sustain, uphold

buoyant [] adj.有浮力的(capable of floating),快乐的(cheerful,gay)
(类)bend·rigid=submerge·buoyant 坚硬的不会弯曲=有浮力的不会沉
buoyant·sink=insoluble·dissolve 有浮力的不会下沉=不溶的不会溶解
buoyant·float=heavy·drop 有浮力的·漂浮=重的·落下(前者容易实现后者)
(反)buoyant ◆ hangdog aggrieved 快乐的 ◆ 垂头丧气的 痛苦的
buoyant ◆ leaden 轻快的 ◆ 沉重的
(同)bouncy, effervescent, resilient, volatile

burgeon [] v. 萌芽(to send forth new growth);迅速成长(to grow rapidly)
(类)grow·burgeon=beat·palpitate 成长·生长=跳动·跳动(同义)
(反)wither,subside,subdue,wane,waste away 衰退
(同)increase, augment, expand, heighten, multiply,
(记)bur(谐音:播)+ geon(=germ 种子,萌芽,细菌)→播种子→萌芽,迅速生长
参考:the germ of a project. 计划的雏形

burlesque [] n. 讽刺的嘲笑(mockery usually by caricature)滑稽戏
(类)diatribe·abuse=burlesque·mockery 恶骂·辱骂=讽刺的嘲笑·嘲笑(同义)
doggerel·verse=burlesque·play 打油诗·诗=滑稽的戏剧·戏剧(种属)
burra[ wool ] 源自 burra[ 模糊的

burnish [] v. 擦亮,磨光(to make shiny or lustrous especially by rubbing)
(类)numb·insensible=burnish·lustrous 失去知觉·无知觉的=磨光·有光泽的
burnish·dull=mar·flawless 磨光·暗淡的=损坏·无缺点的(前者消除后者)
(记)burn(烧)+ish → 烧热了会发亮
(同)polish, furbish, gloss, rub, shine

burrow [] n. 动物所掘的洞(hole)
(类)ditch·canyon=burrow·cavern 沟·峡谷=地洞·大洞(程度)
(记)bu(谐音:扒)+ row(排)→一排一排的扒→兔子扒的洞

bust [] v. 使破产或资金短缺(run out of money)n. 半身像,妇女胸部
(例)often, the promise of a high-tech design leads to a weapon that busts the budget
一项高技术设计方案的承诺常是导致预算短缺的元凶

butter [] n. 黄油
(类)butter·margarine=sugar·saccharin 黄油·人造黄油=糖·糖精(天然·人造)

buttress [] n. 扶墙 vt. 支持
(类)strut·wing=buttress·wall 支杆用来支持机翼=扶墙用来支持墙壁
buttress·edifice=splint·limb 扶墙用来支持大厦=夹板用来支持四肢
(反)contravene ◆ buttress 反对 ◆ 支持
challenge ◆ buttress 质疑 ◆ 支持
【注:challenge :to take exception to; call into question; dispute:表示异议;质疑;争
议】
(同)support, bolster, brace, prop, sustain, uphold
(记)butt=bout 原义抵抗。后发展为两个方向 1、bout较量,回合 2、支持,支撑

bygone adj. 过去的 n. 过去的事
(例)Let bygones be bygones! 过去的事就让它过去吧!

byline [] n. 标题下的署名
(类)article·byline=movie·credits 文章·作者署名=电影·演员署名
【注:credits:recognition by name of a person contributing to a performance as a film】
(记)by(=bi 第二)+line(行)→ 第二行写人名

byzantine [] n. 诡计多端的(characterized by a devious manner of operation)
(反)byzantine ◆ straightforward 诡计多端的 ◆ 坦率的
(记)byzantine(拜占庭)→拜占庭人诡计多端

list 5 cabal-------- chagrin
cabal [] n. 阴谋小集团(small group secretly united to promote their own interests)
(类)cast·actor=cabal·conspirator 剧团·演员=阴谋集团·阴谋家(组成)
cabal·association=plot·plan 阴谋小集团·协会=阴谋·计划(秘密与正常)
cabal·association=spat·quarrel 阴谋小集团·协会=小争吵·吵架(小与正常)
(同)plot , conspiracy, intrigue, machination, scheme

cabinet [  ] n. 橱柜;内阁

cache [] n.隐藏处所(a hiding place used especially for storing provisions)
(类)cache·hoard=summit·inaccessible 隐藏处·储藏=顶峰·难以接近(后者是前者的特
点)
(记)cache(电脑缓存)电脑缓存专门储藏信息

cacophony [] n. 刺耳的声音(harsh or discordant sound)
(类)cacophony·sound=malodor·scent 刺耳的声音·声音=恶臭·气味
cacophony·voice=gaucherie·skill 刺耳的声音·语音=笨拙的·技能
cacophony·sound=glare·light 刺耳的声音·声音=耀眼的光·光
(反)cacophonous ◆ dulcet euphonious 刺耳的 ◆ 悦耳的悦耳的
(记)caco(坏)+phony(声音)→声音不好

cadge [] v.行乞,乞求(beg,sponge)
(反)cadge ◆ earn 乞求 ◆ 赚得

cajole [] v.哄骗(to persuade with flattery especially when reluctance)
(类)blandishment·cajole=obstacle·impede 甜言蜜语·哄骗=障碍·阻止(同义)
wheedle·cajolery=extort·coercion 用甜言蜜语骗·诱骗=敲诈·强迫 (同义)
(同)coax, blandish, blarney, wheedle

calcify [] vi. 钙化(to make inflexible or unchangeable)
(类)calcium·mineral=sugar·carbohydrate 钙·矿物质=糖·碳水化合物 (种属)
calcify ◆ make malleable make pliant make more flexible 使钙化 ◆ 使柔顺,灵活
(记)calc(钙)+ify(化)→钙化

calibrate [] vt. 测量,校准(to rectify,mark the graduations of)
(类)measure·dimensions·calibrat e·diameter量·尺寸=确定口径·直径
(反)calibrated ◆ unstandardized 校准的 ◆ 不标准的
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calibrated ◆ unsubstantialized 校准的 ◆ 不标准的

calligraphy
lettering)
[] n. 书法(artistic, stylized, or elegant handwriting or
capricious·whim=objective·fact 善变·善变的=客观的·事实的(同义)
caprice·whimsical=insight·discerning 善变·善变的=洞察力·有洞察力的 (同义)
caprice·whimsical=insightforesight·prudent 任性·反复无常的=洞察力·明智的
(反)caprice ◆ confirmation 善变 ◆ 确认
(反)steadfast constant 固定不变的 pertinacious 固执的 resolute 坚决的
(同)crank, freak, vagary, whim, whimsy
(记)根据price联想,价格的变化是反复无常的。

captivate [] vt.着迷(to influence by special charm with an irresistible appeal)
(反)captivate ◆ repulse 着迷 ◆ 厌恶
(记)captive(俘虏)+ate →被俘虏了→着迷
(同)attract, allure, charm, enchant, fascinate, magnetize

caress [ ] vt.抚爱;珍视
caret [] n. 插字符号^(文章中插字使用)
(类)caret·insertion=comma·pause 插字符号代表插入=逗号代表停顿(符号代表意义)

careworn [] adj. 伤心的(showing the effect of grief or anxiety;worn)
(反)careworn ◆ lighthearted 伤心的 ◆ 心情愉快的
(记)care(心)+worn(疲倦)→心都疲倦了→ 伤心

cardinal [] adj. 主要的(of basic importance · main, chief, primary)
(反)cardinal ◆ minor 主要的 ◆ 次要的
(记)card(心脏)→心脏是最主要的。参考:cardiologist(心脏病专家)

caricature [] n.漫画,滑稽模仿(exaggeration by means of ludicrous
distortion)
(类)brevity·aphorism=distortion·caricature 格言比较简短=滑稽模仿比较歪曲
aphorism · pithiness= caricature· exaggeration 格言比较精炼=讽刺画比较夸张
caricaturist·illustrator=satirist·essayist 漫画家属于插图家=讽刺作家属于评论家
(同)mockery, farce, mock,burlesque, parody

carnal [] adj. 肉体的,物质的(bodily, corporeal)
(反)carnal ◆ spiritual 物质的 ◆ 精神的
(同)corporal, fleshly, physical, somatic
(记)carn(肉) 参考:carnivore 食肉动物 carnation 肉色康乃馨

carouse [] vi. 畅饮,狂欢作乐(to drink liquor deeply or freely )
(类)roisterer·carouse=recluse·withdraw 喝酒喧哗者·畅饮=隐士·隐退
(记)中间加h变成car+house;车房俱备,值得狂欢庆祝一下。

carp [] n.鲤鱼 vi. 吹毛求疵,挑剔(to find fault or complain querulously)
(类)caviler·carping=libertine·licentious 吹毛求疵者·吹毛求疵的=浪荡者·放肆的
complain·carp=drink·guzzle 抱怨·吹毛求疵=喝·狂饮 (程度对比)
(同)nag, fuss, henpeck
(记)carp原义鲤鱼。鲤鱼刺多,吃的时候要多多挑刺。引申为挑剔。

cartographer [] n. 地图绘制者(one that makes maps)
(类)cartographer·map=tailor·cl othing=lexicographer·dictionary
绘制地图者·地图=裁缝·衣服=词典编纂者·词典 (后者是前者的工作对象)
(记)cart(图表)+graph(写)+er(人)→画地图的人

carve [] v. 切(to cut into pieces or slices)雕刻(to shape by cutting)
(类)carve·turkey=slice·cake 切火鸡=切蛋糕

cast [] n. 演员,演员阵容 vt. 选派(演员)
(类)appoint·official=cast·actor 任命·官员=选派·演员(动作及其相关对象)
letter·signature=playbill·cast 信·签名=节目单·演员阵容(后者是前者的一部分)

castigate [] v.强烈反对,苛责(to subject to severe punishment, reproof)
(类)castigation·disapprova l=crime·misbehave=blasphemy·irreverence
强烈反对·反对=犯罪·举止不当=亵渎:不敬(程度)
castigation·repr oof=loathing·dislike(干扰:denunciation·denial指责·否定)
强烈谴责·谴责=嫌恶·不喜欢(程度)
peccadillo·sin=admonishment·castigation
小过失·罪过=警告·强烈谴责(程度)
(反)castigation ◆ approbation认可accolade 称赞extol赞美
(同)lambaste, excoriate, scathe, scorch, scourge, slash

catalyze [] vt. 促进,催化(bring about, inspire)
(类)supervisor·oversight=catalyst·init iate管理者·监督=催化剂·催化
【注:catalyst:agent that brings about a chemical change while it remains unchanged】
enzyme·catalyst=bacterium·microbe 酶属于催化剂=细菌属于微生物
(反)catalyze ◆ retard 阻挠 prevent 阻止 inhibit抑制
(反)inhibitor ◆ catalyst 抑制剂 ◆ 催化剂
(同)goad, incentive, incitement, motivation, spur, stimulant

catastrophe [] n. 大灾难(a momentous tragic event)
(类)catastrophe·mishap=humiliatio n·embarrassment 大灾难·不幸=羞耻·尴尬
(程度)
oxymoron·contradictory=mishap·catastrophic 矛盾修饰法·矛盾的=不幸·灾难的
(同)disaster, calamity, cataclysm, misadventure

categorical [] adj. 无条件的,绝对的 (absolute, unqualified)
(类)categorical·qualifiedconditional 受限制的 有条件的
(同)ultimate, explicit, definite, unambiguous

catholic [] adj.普遍的(comprehensive)包容的(broad in sympathies, interests)
(反)catholic ◆ narrow 包容的 ◆ 狭隘的
(记)Catholic(天主教)→ 范围广泛
(同)universal, cosmic, cosmopolitan, ecumenical, global, worldwide

caustic [] adj.腐蚀性的,刻薄的(marked by incisive sarcasm)
(类)barb·caustic=pan·harsh 尖刻的言论·刻薄的=严厉的批评·严厉的
caustic·eat away=desiccant·dry 腐蚀的·腐蚀=干燥剂的·干燥
caustic·burn=solvent·dissolve 腐蚀性的·灼烧=可溶解的·溶解(因果关系)
(反)palliating 减缓的 genial 亲切的 smooth 安详的 kind 仁慈的 innocuous亲切

(同)sarcastic, acerb, acerbic, corrosive
(类)calligraphy·scribble=sonnet·doggerel 书法·乱写=十四行诗·打油诗 (正常·乱)
(记)cali(=kalli 美丽)+graphy

callous [] adj.无情的, 冷漠的(feeling no sympathy for others)
(类)callous·impassive=dupe·duplicity 冷漠的·冷漠的=欺骗·不诚实 (同义)
(反)callous ◆ sympathetic 无情的 ◆ 有同情心的
(同)coldhearted, heartless, obdurate, stony, uncompassionate, unemotional,
(记)callo 谐音“开了”+us 联想:老板动不动就开了我们→冷酷的,无情的

callow [] adj.未成熟的(lacking adult sophistication)
(类)frank·secretiveness=callow·maturity 坦白的·隐匿=未成熟的·成熟
apoplectic·calm=callow·mature 狂怒的·平静的=未成熟的·成熟
callow ◆ behaving with adult sophistication 年轻而无经验的 ◆ 行为富于经验的
(同)inexperienced, fresh, green, raw, unversed, young

callus [] n. 皮肤的硬结,老茧(a thickening of area on skin)
(类)gully·erosion=callus·friction 小峡谷由冲蚀产生=老茧由摩擦产生
(记)call 传呼+us 联想:呼我们已经非常老土了,现在都用手机了→老土→老茧

calorie [] n. 卡路里,热量单位
(类)watt·power =calorie·heat=decibel·sound=volt·electricity
瓦·功率=卡路里·热量=分贝·声音=伏·电流(事物及其度量单位)
heat·calories=liquid·gallons=distance·odometer
热量·卡路里=液体·加仑=距离·里程表

calumniate [] v. 诽谤,中伤 (to utter maliciously false statements about)
(类)corroborate·evidence=calumniate·falsehood 用证据证明=用谎言诽谤
calumny·representation=perjury·testimony 中伤·陈述 =伪证·证词(假·正常)
(反)calumniate ◆ vindicate 诽谤 ◆ 辩护
calumnious ◆ flattering 中伤的 ◆ 谄媚的
calumny ◆ approbation 诽谤 ◆ 嘉许
(同)malign, defame, denigrate, slander, vilify

camaraderie [] n. 友情(a spirit of friendly good-fellowship)
(反)camaraderie ◆ enmity 友情 ◆ 敌意
(记)来自camarade 同志

cameo [] n. 小雕塑,特写
(类)peccadillo·offense=cameo·sculpture 轻罪·犯罪=小雕塑·雕塑(小·正常)

camouflage [] n. 伪装(behavior or artifice designed to deceive or hide)
(类)camouflage·deception=flattery·ingratiating 伪装为了欺骗=奉承为了逢迎
malinger·duty=camouflage·detection 装病以逃避工作责任=伪装防止被发现
(记)ca+mou+flag+e→开始+蒙上+旗子,为了伪装

canard [  ] n. 谣传,误传
(类)aspersion·discredit=canard·deceive 诽谤·玷辱=谣言·欺骗(行为与目的)
(记)can+nard(能拿)联想:GRE考1600分“能拿”奖学金是“谣言”

candor [] n. 坦白,直率,诚挚(unreserved, honest, or sincere expression)
(类)palter·candor=diehard·budge 敷衍不会坦白=顽固分子不会退让
candor·subterfuge=brash·deliberate 坦白·托词=仓促·深思熟虑
(反)artifice ◆ candor计谋 ◆ 直率
mendacity ◆ candor谎言 ◆ 诚挚的话
(记)cand(白)+or(状态)→ 白的状态→坦白 参考:candid adj. 坦率的;公正的

canny [  ] adj. 谨慎的,精明的,节约的(clever,shrewd;prudent)

canon [] n. 圣典(a regulation or dogma decreed by a church council)
(类)religion·devoutness=canon·orthodoxy 信仰要求虔诚=圣典要求正统
(反)canonical ◆ heterodox nontraditional 正统的 ◆ 非正统的非传统的
canon ◆ apocrypha 正典 ◆ 伪经
canonical ◆ nontraditional 传统的 ◆ 不符合传统的
(同)law, decree, ordinance, precept, regulation, rule, statute
(记)日本佳能公司的商标名。与cannon 大炮区别。

canopy [] n.蚊帐, 遮篷(a protective covering;awning, marquee)
(类)canopy·cover=tag·identify 遮篷用以遮盖=标签用以识别
(记)由cannon(大炮)联想歇后语:大炮打蚊子——大材小用。

cant n 隐语,黑话,行话
(记)联想can’t 不能;不能听懂的话→隐语,黑话

cantata [  ] n.清唱剧, 大合唱
canvas [] n. 帆布,画布(a piece of cloth framed as a surface for a painting)
(类)canvas·painter=marble·sculptor 画布·油画家=大理石·雕塑家(前是后的工作
用具)
easel·canvas=tripod·camera 画架支撑画布=三角架支撑照相机(前者支撑后者)

canvass [] v. 细查;民意调查(to conduct a survey of (public opinion))
(类)pollster·canvass=exponent·advocate 民意测验者·民意调查=倡导者·提倡(正面特
征)

canyon [] n. 峡谷(a deep narrow valley with steep sides)
(类)ditch·canyon=burrow·cavern 沟渠·峡谷=小山洞·大山洞 (小和大)

capitulate [] v. 投降(surrender) 不再抵制(to cease resisting·acquiesce)
(反)capitulate ◆ resist oppose 不再抵制 ◆ 抵制 反对
(同)yield, cave, defer, submit, succumb

caprice [] n.反复无常,善变(a sudden, impulsive notion or action)
(类)caprice·whimsic al=stealth·furtive=discontent·unsatisfied
反复无常· 反复无常的=秘密行动·偷偷摸摸的=不满·不满意的(名形同义)
impro mptu·rehearsal=apophasis·claim=caprice·deliberate
即席演出·排练=故抑其词·断言=反复无常·深思熟虑 (反义)
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cautionary [] adj. 劝人谨慎的;警戒的
(例)cautionary advice. 忠告

caveat [] n.警告; 告诫(a warning enjoining one from certain acts)
(类)overturepreamble·introductory =caveat·warning cautionary
序曲·介绍性的=告诫·警告的
(同)warning, caution, forewarning, monition

cavern [] n. 大洞,洞窟 (one cave of large or indefinite extent)
(类)cavern·spelunker=star·astronomer 洞穴· 探洞者=星·天文学家(后研究前)
(同)cave, grotto, subterranean (记)来自cave

cavil [] v.挑剔,吹毛求疵(to raise trivial and frivolous objection)
(类)cavil·criticize=probe·investigate 吹毛求疵·批评=仔细探察·调查(程度)
nitpick·criticize=cavil·object 吹毛求疵·批评=吹毛求疵·反对(程度)
caviler·carping=libertine·licentious 吹毛求疵者·吹毛求疵的=浪荡子·放肆的
faultfinding·criticize=quibble·cavil 挑毛病:批评=挑剔:吹毛求疵(同义)
encomiast·eulogize=nitpicke r·criticize=preacher·sermon=quibbler·cavil
赞美者·赞颂=吹毛求疵的人·批评=传教士·传道=挑剔者·吹毛求疵
【注:quibble:v. evade the point of an argument by caviling about words ,carp】

cavort [] vi. 欢跃(to walk or move in a spirited manner)
(类)dodder·unsteady=cavort·sprightly 摇摆的不稳定=欢跃的很轻快
(反)cavort ◆ trudge 欢跃 ◆ 艰苦跋涉
(同)gambol, caper, frisk, frolic, rollick

cede [] vt. 放弃,割让(to yield or grant typically by treaty)n
(反)cede ◆ possess 放弃 ◆ 拥有
(同)relinquish, abandon, resign, surrender, waive, yield

celebrity [] n. 名人(a celebrated person)
(反)celebrity ◆ obscurity 名人 ◆ 无名小辈(one that is obscure)
(记)celeb(名人)参考:celebrated 著名的

cement [] n.水泥 v. 巩固(to unite or make firm by or as if by cement)
(反)cement ◆ fracture 巩固 ◆ 破裂
(记)水泥过去被称为音译为水门汀。

censor [] vt. 审查(to examine to suppress anything considered objectionable)
(类)censorship·communicationinfo rmation=preservative·decay=sanitation·disease
审查·信息 =防腐剂·腐烂=公共卫生·疾病 (前者防止后者)
vendor·purvey=censor·expurgate 卖主·供应=审查员·删除(人物的典型动作)
(同)expurgate, screen

censorious [] adj. 挑剔的(critical)
(类)pliable·influence=ticklish·offend annoy 易受影响的·影响 =易触怒的·冒犯骚扰
【干扰:censorious·condemn 挑剔的容易去谴责别人,是正面主动非被动】
(反)censorious ◆ eulogistic 挑剔的 ◆ 赞美的
(同)carping, caviling, hypercritical, overcritical,faultfinding
(例)censorious people delight in casting blame. 挑剔之人乐于责备。

censure [] v. 责难,谴责(to find fault with and criticize as blameworthy)
(类)lamentable·pity=reprehensible·censure 可悲的·可怜=应该谴责的·谴责
remonstrance·dissuade= reprehension·censure 反对·劝阻=斥责·责难(同义)
censure·blameless=approbation·reprehensible 责难·无可指责的=认可·应斥责

(反)exonerate 免除责备 extol赞美 commend赞美
(同)criticize, blame, condemn, denounce, denunciate, reprobate

census [] n. 户口普查 (a count of the population)
(类)census·population=inventory·mer chandise=inventory·stock
户口普查·人口=存货清单·商品=存货清单·存货 (前者为后者的清单)

ceremonious adj. 礼仪的,隆重的,过分讲究礼节的,拘泥的(punctilious)

cessation [  ] n. 终止,暂停(a temporary or final ceasing;stop)
(反)cessation ◆ commencement 开始 start 开始 continuation 继续

chaff [] n. 谷壳,糠
(类)winnow·chaff=filter·impurities 扬谷为了去除糠=过滤为了去除杂质
chaff·wheat=shell·pecan 谷壳·小麦=果壳·核桃 (果子及其壳)
dross·metal=chaff·grain 金属屑·金属=谷糠·谷物

chagrin [] n . 懊恼(distress of mind caused by humiliation, disappointment, or failure)
(类)chagrin·mind=grimace·face 懊恼·情绪=痛苦的表情·脸(行为及其产生部位)
(反)elated 兴高采烈的 cheerful 高兴的 proud satisfaction 非常满足 delight 快乐

list 6 chameleon ------complaisance
chameleon [] n. 变色龙,善变的人
(类)sal mon·ichthyologist=chameleon·herpetologist 鲑鱼·鱼类学家=变色龙·爬虫学家

champion [] vt. 拥护,保卫(to act as militant supporter of)
(反)disparage 蔑视 impugn 打击 oppose 反对
(同)support, advocate, backstop, uphold

chaotic [] adj.混乱的, 无序的(in utter disorder)
(类)chaos·predictability=pallor·color 无序的不可预言=苍白没有颜色
(反)strictly structured 构造严谨的 strictly featured 特征严谨的

charade [] n. 看手势猜字谜游戏;装模作样
(类)charade·word=mime·story 用手势表示的字谜·字=哑剧·故事(前者用后者来表达)
charade·dissimulate=void·emptiness 装模作样·假装=空洞·空(同义)

charlatan [] n. 江湖郎中(pretender to knowledge)骗子(quack)
(类)juggernaut·crush=charlatan·deceive 压倒一切的力量·压服=骗子·行骗
(例)the medical establishment called him a charlatan 医疗界把他叫做江湖郎中。
(记)谐音:杀了他。联想:对骗子恨不得杀了他。

chary [] adj. 谨慎的(discreetly cautious)
(类)chary·caution=imperturbable·composure 谨慎的:谨慎=冷静的:沉着
(反)rash卤莽的 bold大胆的
(同)cautious, circumspect, considerate, discreet, gingerly, wary
(记)char 谐音—察。联想:明察秋毫—>谨慎的

chase [  ] n.追赶, 追击 vt.追赶, 雕镂
chasm [] n. 深渊,断裂带(a deep cleft in the surface of a planet)
(类)cleft·chasm=cut·gash 裂缝· 断裂带=小切口·大伤口

chastise [  ] v. 严责,惩戒(to punish, as by beating)
(记)来自chaste贞洁的;使贞节,纯洁所以要用严厉惩罚。

chauvinistic [] adj. 沙文主义的,爱国主义的
(类)patriotic·chauvinistic=receptive·gullible
爱国主义的·沙文主义的=乐于接受的·易受骗的(褒贬程度)

check [] n. 阻止(to block the progress of)
(类)jolt·move=check·stop 晃动·移动=阻止·停止(同义)
(反)propagate 传播 goad 唆使 hasten 促进
(同)arrest, buck, foil, thwart, frustrate

chef [] n. 厨师(a skilled cook who manages the kitchen)
(类)author·novel=sculptor·marble (干扰:chef·banquet 厨师·宴会)
作家·小说=雕塑家·雕刻品(人物及其创作工作对象)
【注】chef·banquet(厨师·宴会) 是干扰选项。厨师的直接工作对象当然是食
物,宴
会与厨师有关但并非厨师是主角。marble :a sculpture made from this rock雕刻品
chef·kitchen=chemist·laboratory 厨师·厨房=化学家·实验室(后者是前者的工
作场所)
(记)chef 谐音车夫。联想:车夫和厨师都是有技术的劳动人民。

cherubic [ ] adj. 天使的,可爱的(innocent-looking usually chubby and
rosy)
(反)cherubic ◆ somber 天使般可爱的 ◆ 阴郁的
(记)cherub(小天使)+ic→天使的,可爱的

chevron [] n. v形臂章
(类)chevron·badge=caisson·cart v形臂章·徽章=载炮车·大车(种属)

chiaroscuro [] n. 明暗对照法
(类)chiaroscuro·contrast=filigree·delicacy 明暗对照法特点是对照=金银丝工艺特点是精


chicanery [] n.诡计多端,欺骗 (deception by artful subterfuge)
(类)chicanery·clever=tactlessness·truthful 诡计多端的·机灵的=不圆滑的·真诚的
(反)aboveboard action正大光明的honest dealing诚实forthrightness坦白
(记)chic(聪明)→ 耍聪明→ 诡计多端
(同)deception, chicane, dishonesty, fraud, highbinding, trickery

chide [] v. 责备 (to reproach in a usually mild and constructive manner)
(类)chide·pillory=humor·mollycoddle 责备·示众=迁就·纵容(程度)
(反)chide ◆ praise 责备 ◆ 称赞
(同)reprove, admonish, monish, rebuke, reprimand, reproach

chimera [  ] n. 吐火怪物,妖怪,狂想
(记)谐音:痴梦→狂想

chivalry [] n.骑士精神, 骑士制度

choleric [] adj. 易怒的,暴躁的(hot-tempered)
(类)cowardice·intimidate=choler·antagonize 懦弱会被胁迫=愤怒会产生敌对
choleric·rile=volatile·rouse(干扰:partial·bias 偏爱的·偏爱)
易怒的容易被惹怒=易变化的容易被激起(rouse :to excite,as to anger or action;stir up)
(反)choleric ◆ difficult to provoke 难以被激怒的pacific平静的
(同)choleric, crabbed, cranky, irascible, irritable

choir [] n. 唱诗班(an organized company of singers)
(类)choir·singer=cast·actor=bouquet ·flower
唱诗班·唱诗者=演员表·演员=花束·花(组成)

chord [] n.和弦(three or more musical tones sounded simultaneously)
(类)constellation·star=chord·note=grove·tree (干扰:queue·person 行列·人)
星座·星星=和弦·音符=小树林·树木
参考:colonnade·pillar=queue·person 强调整齐一致而且形似

choreography [] n. 舞蹈编排(the arrangement of dances),舞蹈(art of dancing)
(类)choreography·dance=plot·story 舞蹈编排·舞蹈=小说情节·小说
choreographer·movement=architect·building 舞蹈编排者·舞蹈动作=建筑师·建筑
【注:sculptor·statue 雕塑家·雕像为干扰选项;舞蹈编排者和建筑师管设计不管施工,
雕塑家既设计又施工】

chorus [] n. 合唱队(a body of singers who perform choral compositions)
(类)troupe·perform=chorus·sing 剧团·表演=合唱队·演唱 (团体及其典型行为)

chromatic [] adj. 彩色的
(反)chromatic ◆ colorless 色的 ◆ 无色的

chronic [] adj. 长期的,慢性的(long established, as a disease)
(反)chronic ◆ sporadic 长期的 ◆ 偶然的
(记)chron(时间)参考:chronologi cal(按年代顺序的)chronicle(编年史)
(同)usual, accustomed, habitual, routine, wonted

chuckle [] n. 轻声笑(to laugh inwardly or quietly)
(类)chuckle·laughing=whisper·speaking 轻声笑·笑=耳语·说话 (小·正常)

churlish [] adj. 粗野的 (lack of civility or graciousness;boorish; rude)
(类)uncouth·churl=conspiratorial·conniver 粗俗的·粗野的人=阴谋的·阴谋家
cacophony·melody=genteel·churl 刺耳的音调·悦耳的音调=文雅的·粗野的人
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(反)complaisance ◆ churlishness 彬彬有礼的 ◆ 粗野的
genteel ◆ churlish 文雅的 ◆ 粗野的
(同)surly, clownish, coarse, loutish, uncultured, unpolished

cineast [] n. 电影迷(a film or movie enthusiast)
(类)cineast·film=gourmand·food 电影迷·电影=美食家·食物(前者追求后者)
(干扰:sharpshooter·target 射手·目标)
(记)和cinema(电影)一起记。

cipher [] n. 密码(a method of transforming a text to conceal its meaning)
(类)cipher·cryptic=precis·concise 密码·秘密的=大纲·简要的
(记)参考:decipher 破译

circuitous [] adj. 迂回的(not being forthright or direct in language or action)
(类)immaterial·relevance=circuitous·directness 不重要的·重要=迂回的·直接(反义)
circuitous·directness=irresolute·decision 迂回的·直接=犹豫不决的·决定(反义)
(反)circuity ◆ straightforwardness 迂回 ◆ 坦率
(同)indirect, circular, oblique, roundabout

circular [] adj. 圆形的(having the form of a circle;round)
(类)circular·asymmetrical=protean·rigid 圆形的·不对称的=变化多端的·僵硬死板的(反
义)

circumference [] n. 圆周(the perimeter of a circle)
(类)circumference·circle=perimeter·rectangle 圆周·圆=周界·矩形 (图形及其边界)
border·country=circumference·circle 国界·国家=圆周·圆(事物及其边界)

circumlocution [] n. 说话绕圈子;迂回(indirect or roundabout
expression)
(反)circumlocution ◆ pithy utters straightforword utter 绕圈子 ◆ 简练直接的话
circumlocution ◆ direct encounter 绕圈子 ◆ 直接面对
circumlocutory ◆ straightforward 迂回的 ◆ 直接的
circumlocution ◆ express succinctly 说话绕圈子 ◆ 表达简练

circumscribe [] vt. 限制(limit; confine)
(反)circumscribed ◆ unlimited 限制的 ◆ 无限的
(同)limit, confine, delimitate, prelimit, restrict
(例)our activities were often circumscribed. 我们的行为经常被限制。

circumspect [] adj.慎重的;小心的(careful to consider all circumstances
(类)rash·circumspective=imperious·servile 轻率的· 慎重的=专横的·卑屈的(反义)
circumspect·prudency=urbane·polish 慎重的:慎重=彬彬有礼的:优雅 (同义)
(反)circumspect ◆ audacious reckless 小心的 ◆ 大胆的鲁莽的
temerity ◆ circumspection 蛮勇 ◆ 慎重
rash ◆ circumspective 鲁莽的 ◆ 谨慎的
(同)prudent, chary, considerate, discreet, gingerly,
(例)We should be circumspect and always investigate before acting,.
我们应该仔细慎重,做事之前要调查一番。
(记)circum 四周+spect 看→四周看看→谨慎的 参考:spectator 观众

circumvent [] vt. 绕行,智取(to manage to get around especially by stratagem)
(反)circumvent ◆ confront direct encounter 绕行 ◆ 直接面对
(同)skirt, bypass, circumnavigate, detour
(记)circum周围+vent(=vend) 走→沿着周围走→绕行,智取 vendor 沿街走的小贩

cistern [] n. 贮水器,水箱
(类)cistern·liquids=landfill·refuse 水箱·液体=垃圾填埋场·垃圾(放置场所)
(记)音近字:system 联想:水箱是一种处理水的系统

civility [] n. 礼貌(courtesy, politeness)
(反)civility ◆ rudeness 礼貌 ◆ 无礼

claim [] n. v. 要求 n. 权利(a right to something)
(类)claim·legitimated=hypothesis·confirmed 要求是需要合法化的=假设是需要证实的
lien·claim=subpoena·command 扣押权是一项权利=传票是一种命令
(反)claim ◆ renounce 要求 ◆ 放弃

clairvoyant [] adj. 透视的, 有洞察力的(unusually perceptive;discerning)
(类)dexterous·manipulate=prescient·predict 灵巧的·熟练操作=预见性的·预言
(记)clair(清楚)+voy(看)→看的清楚→有洞察力的

clam [  ] n. 蛤,沉默寡言的人
(类)She clammed up whenever I mentioned her husband.
每当提到他丈夫,她就不说话了。
(记)蛤(拼音:ge 2声)的形状象嘴紧紧闭着→沉默寡言

clamor [  ] v. 吵闹,喧嚷
(例)The representatives clamored their disapproval. 代表们吵嚷着不赞同

clandestine [] adj. 秘密的(secret ;surreptitious)
(类)clandestine·secretly=overt·openly 秘密的·秘密地=公开的·公开地
clandestine·secrecy=harmony·congruity 秘密的·秘密=一致的·一致
(反)clandestine ◆ open 秘密的 ◆ 公开的
(同)secret, covert, furtive, stealthy, surreptitious
(记)clan 部落,小集团+ destine 命运→→秘密的

clannish [] adj. 氏族的, 宗族排外的

clarion [  ] adj. 清澈响亮的(loud and clear)
(反)clarion ◆ soft and undistinct 清澈响亮的 ◆ 低声不可辨的

clarity [] n. 清楚, 透明 (the quality or state of being clear;lucidity)
(类)ambiguous·clarity=mendacious·truth 不明确的不清楚=虚假的不真实
consensus·factionalism=clarity·confusion 一致同意·党派争执=清楚·混淆(反义)
equivocation·clarity=prevarication·truth 含糊的话·清楚=搪塞的话·真实(反义)
misunderstood·clarify=erroneous·retract 误会的·澄清=错误的·撤消(后者消除
前者)
ramshackle·soundness=garbled·clarity 摇摇欲坠的·坚固=混淆的·清楚(反义)
(反)equivocation 模棱两可 muddy 浑浊的 opaque 不透明的
(同)clearness, limpidity, lucidity, perspicuity, plainness

clasp [] n. 扣子(a device for holding objects or parts together)
(类)lathe·shape=clasp·fasten 车床用来成形=扣子用来扣紧

cleft [] n. 裂缝 (a usually V-shaped indented formation)
(类)cleft·chasm=cut·gash 裂缝· 断裂带=小切口·大伤口(程度)
(同)arroyo, chasm, clove, gap, gulch

clement [] adj.仁慈的,温和的(inclined to be merciful;lenient)
(反)clement ◆ pitiless 仁慈的 ◆ 无情的
clemency ◆ ruthlessness 仁慈的 ◆ 无情的
(同)forbearing, charitable, merciful, tolerant

cliche [] adj. 陈腐的 a trite phrase or expression
(类)hodgepodge·uniformity=cliche·original 混合物·一致=陈腐的·原创(反义)
equivocate·misleading=clich ed·hackneyed模棱两可的:易误解的=陈腐的:陈腐的(同
义)
(例)compositions are often marred by such cliches as
文章经常被诸如“强壮如牛”这样的陈腐的表达方式破坏。

clique [] n. 小团体(a narrow exclusive circle or group of persons)
(类)clique·intimates=flock·sheep 小团体·密友=羊群·羊(组成)
(同)cabal, camp, clan, coterie, mafia

clog [] n. 障碍, 阻塞 something that shackles or impedes
(类)clog·drainage=stalemate·negotiations 阻塞·排泄=僵局·谈判 (后者消除前者)
(同)encumbrance, hindrance, impedance, impediment

clot [] n. 凝块,群 v.(使)凝结(a coagulated mass produced by clotting of blood)
(类)clot·dissolved=crowd·dispersed 凝块·溶解的=人群·散开的 (后者由前者
发生)
solvent·dissolve=coagulant·clot 溶剂·溶解=凝结剂·凝结 (物品作用)
freeze·water=clot·blood 使结冰·水=使凝结·血 (后者为前者动作对象)

cloture [] n. 表决程序(一项议会程序,辩论结束后立即就所辩问题进行投票表决)
(类)voting·roll call=termination·cloture
选举·点名程序=结果·表决程序(点名程序后可以选举=表决程序后可以出结果)
【注:termination:结果(outcome, result)】
(记)来自closure 关闭,使终止

cloudburst [] n. 倾盆大雨 a sudden copious rainfall
(类)gust·wind=cloudburst·rainfall 狂风·风=倾盆大雨·雨
(记)cloud(云)+burst(爆炸)→要下大雨了

clout [] n. 权力,影响力(great influence,especially political or social)
(反)impuissance 无权,无能 impotence 无力,衰弱
(记)来自cloth;工业革命时期,布匹的生产中心具有最高的影响力,如曼彻斯特
(例)All the evidence showed that Russia does not have that kind of clout in the Far East any more
所有证据都表明在远东地区俄罗斯不再具有那样的影响

cloying [] adj. 甜得发腻的(excessively sweet or sentimental )
(类)garrulous·talkative=cloying·sweet 饶舌的·健谈的=甜得发腻的·甜的(过度·正常)

clumsy [] adj. 笨拙的(lacking dexterity, nimbleness, or grace)
(反)clumsy ◆ adept 笨拙的 ◆ 灵巧的
(同)awkward, gawky, lumbering, ungainly

coagulant [] n. 凝结剂(something that produces coagulation)

(类)astringent·pucker=coagulant·congeal 收缩剂使收缩=凝结剂使凝结(药剂作用)
(反)coagulate 凝结 ◆ liquefy溶解 dissolve溶解 thin变稀薄

coalesce [] v.合并,融合(to unite into a whole;fuse)
(反)disaggregate 分解 polarize 两极分化 break apart 分开
(同)join, bracket, combine,relate, unite, wed

coax [] vt. 用巧言诱哄(to influence or persuade by artful ingratiation)
(类)equivocation·coax=explanation·enlighten=threat ·intimidate
含糊的话为了诱哄=解释为了开导=威胁为了胁迫
(类)blandishment·coax =medal·honor=prevarication·deceive
哄诱的话用来诱哄=奖章用来给以荣誉=搪塞的话用来欺骗
(同)blandish, cajole, wheedle

coda [] n. 终结句,乐章结尾(a concluding musical section)
(类)dessert·meal=epilogue·play=coda·sonata
餐后甜点·餐食 =收场白·戏剧=乐章结尾·奏鸣曲 (事物及其尾部)
(反)overture前奏 prelude序曲
(记)与coma 昏睡一起记。听交响乐时,许多人到乐章结尾时早已昏睡过去。

coerce [] vt. 强制, 强迫(to bring about by force or threat)
(类)wheedle·cajolery=extort·coercion 用甜言蜜语骗·诱骗=强取·强迫 (同义)
squander·expend=coercion·intimidate 浪费·花费=威压·胁迫(过分与正常)
(反)voluntary ◆ coercion 自愿的 ◆ 强迫的 (use of force to get someone to object)
(同)force, compel, concuss, constrain, oblige
(记)co 共同 erce 谐音:饿死→共同饿死→因为被强制

coeval [] adj. 同时代的(of the same or equal age, antiquity, or duration)
(类)congruent·dimension=coeval·age 全等的·尺寸=同时代的·时代
(记)co(共同)+eval(时代)→ 同时代

cogent [] adj. 使人信服的(appealing forcibly to the mind or reason)
(类)cogent·convince=repugnant·repel
有说服力的·令人信服=让人讨厌的·令人厌恶(形动同义)
(反)cogent ◆ unconvincing 有说服力的 ◆ 不令人信服的
(同)valid, convincing, satisfying, sound

cogitate [  ] v.思考, 考虑
cognizant [] adj. 知道的(knowledgeable of something through personal
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experience)
(类)incognizance·knowledgeable=penury·wealthy 不知道的·知道的=穷困·富裕的
(反)cognizant ◆ oblivious unaware 知道的 ◆ 遗忘的
(记)cogn(知道)+izant→认知的
(同)aware, apprehensive, conscious, sensible, sentient

coincide [  ] vi.一致, 符合
colander [] n. 滤器(a perforated utensil for washing or draining food)
(类)centrifuge·separate=colander·drain 离心分离机·分离=漏勺·排水(物品及其作用)

collapse [] vi. 倒塌(to fall or shrink together abruptly and completely)
(类)collapse·implode=divide·sunder 倒塌·向内倒塌=分开·切开(因果关系)
collapse·volume=attenuate·thickness 减弱音量=削薄厚度
(记)col(全部)+lapse(倒)→倒塌
(同)break, cave, crumple, yield

collude [] v. 串通,勾结(conspire,plot)
(类)collude·cooperate=smuggle·convey 串通·合作=走私·运送(非法和正常)
collude·cooperate=stalk·follow 串通·合作=暗中追踪·跟随 (非法和正常)
collude·cooperate=eavesdrop·listen 串通·合作=偷听·听(非法和正常)
collusion·conspirators=cooperation·partners 勾结·同谋=合作·合作者
(记)col(共同)+lude(引诱)→勾结
(同)plot, cogitate, connive, conspire, contrive, intrigue

colonnade [] n. 柱廊(a series of columns set at regular intervals)
(类)colonnade·pillar=queue·person 柱廊·柱子=队列·人(组成关系:整齐而且形似)
(记)colon=(column支柱)

colossal [] adj. 巨大的(of a bulk, extent, power, or effect approaching or suggesting the
stupendous or incredible)
(类)antediluvian·age=colossal·size 古老的·年龄=巨大的·尺寸 (事物及其修饰)
colossus·figurine=boulder·pebble 巨像·小雕像=大石头·小石头(大·小)
(同)huge, elephantine, gargantuan, gigantic, titanic, vast

coltish [] adj. 不守纪律的(not subjected to discipline)
(类)coltish·discipline=loutish·grace 不守纪律的缺乏纪律=粗野的缺乏优雅性
(记)colt 小马,无经验的年轻人

coma [] n. 昏迷(a state of profound unconsciousness)
(类)coma·unconsciousness=delirium·confusion 昏迷·无意识=精神错乱·混乱(种属)

combustible [] adj. 易燃的(capable of combustion)
(类)impervious·friable=nonflammable·combustible
不会受损害的·脆弱的=不可燃的·易燃的
(记)com+bust(烧)→易燃的

comely [] n. 美丽的(having a pleasing appearance:not homely or plain)
(反)comeliness ◆ unattractiveness 美丽的 ◆ 不吸引人的
(同)beautiful, attractive, bonny, pretty, pulchritudinous
(记)与homely比较 联想:媳妇都是别人的好:家里的人是平凡的;外来的是美丽的

comity [] n. 礼让, 礼仪(friendly social atmosphere·social harmony)
(反)comity ◆ enmity 礼仪 ◆ 敌意
(同)goodwill, amity, benevolence, friendliness, kindliness

commencement [] n. 开始 (an act, instance, or time of beginning)
(反)cessation ◆ commencement 停止 ◆ 开始
cease ◆ inauguratecommencement 停止 ◆ 开辟开始
(同)beginning, alpha, dawning, genesis, outset,

commencement [] n. 开始,毕业典礼(the ceremonies for conferring degrees)
(反)commencement ◆ matriculation 毕业典礼 ◆ 入学考试
(记)美国人认为毕业典礼是一个人即将开始新的人生,与我们的思维“学业结束”不一样

commend [] vt. 委托给,推荐(to mention with approbation)嘉奖(praise)
(反)berate 严厉指责 deplore 指责
(反)execrable ◆ commendablelaudable 可憎恨的 ◆ 值得表扬的值得称赞的
(记)com(都)+mend(相信)→值得嘉奖的

commensurate [] adj. 同样大小的,相当的(equal in measure or extent;
coextensive)
(反)preponderant ◆ commensurate 占有优势的 ◆ 相当的
tantamount ◆ incommensurate 等价的 ◆ 不相称的
parity ◆ uncommensurateness 平等 ◆ 不平衡
(记)com(共同)+mensure(尺寸)→尺寸相同的

commercial [] n. 商业广告(an advertisement broadcast on radio or television)
(类)advertising·commercial=publishing·journal
广告的·广告=出版的·定期出版物(种属)

commingle [] v. 混合(to combine into a common fund or stock)
(反)commingle ◆ separate 混合 ◆ 分离
(同)mix, commix, compound, intermingle, mingle

commitment [] n. 许诺,义务(an engagement to assume a financial obligation)
( 类)crime·misdemeanor=commitment·decision罪行·轻罪=许诺·决定 (程度)
disaffected·contentment=dubious·commitment conviction
不满的·满意=不确定的·义务 确信(反义)
(反)ambivalent ◆ commitment 不定的 ◆ 确定的
noncommittal ◆ confirm 不定的 ◆ 确定

committed [] adj. 受约束的,负有责任的(obligate, bind)
(类)profligate·solvent=mercurial·committed
挥霍的·有偿付能力的=多变的·受束缚的(反义)

commodious [  ] adj. 宽敞的(comfortably or conveniently spacious;roomy)
(类)taut·commodious=extraordinary·purlieu 紧张的不宽敞=非凡的不常有(反义)
(反)commodious ◆ constrictedcramped 宽敞的 ◆ 压缩的狭促的
commodious ◆ constringed 宽敞的 ◆ 压缩的
(记)比较accommodate 留宿,容纳 联想:什么条件下能留宿——当然是房子宽敞的时候
(同)spacious, ample, capacious, roomy, wide

commonsense adj.具有常识的(sound and prudent but often unsophisticated judgment)
(反)preposterous ◆ commonsensical 荒谬的 ◆ 符合常识的
(记)common(共同)+sense(认知)→常识

commotion [] n. 骚乱(an agitated disturbance)
(类)squall·commotion=flash·illumination 小骚乱·骚动=闪光·照明(程度关系)
(反)commotion ◆ tranquility 骚动 ◆ 宁静
(记)com(一起)+mot(动)→一起动→乱了 参考:motile 能动的

commute [  ] v. 通勤,交换
(例)She, as a consultant, commutes from Cambridge to London every day.
她作为顾问每天乘火车上下班来往于剑桥和伦敦之间。

compartmentalize [] vt. 划分(to separate into distinct parts)
compatible [ ] adj.谐调的, 一致的, 兼容的
compelling [ ] a. 强制性的;迫切需要引起注意的;令人信服的
(例)a host of compelling socioeconomic problems.
许多迫切需要引起注意的社会经济问题

compendium [] n. 纲要(a brief summary of a larger work)
(类)compendium·summary=anthology·collection
纲要·摘要=文选·选集(同义)
encyclopedia·compendious=abstract·concise
百科全书·摘要的=摘要·简短的(正面特征)
【注:干扰选项:assay·objective 化验·客观的】
(同)digest, pandect, sketch, survey, syllabus

complacency [] n. 满足(self- satisfaction)
(反)complacency ◆ anxiety 满足 ◆ 渴望(但无法满足)
(记)com(自己)+ place(满意)→满足了
(同)conceitedness, consequence, narcissism, pride

complaisance [] n. 彬彬有礼,柔顺(disposition to please or comply;affability)
(类)complaisance·intractable =adeptness·maladroit 柔顺·难处理的=熟练·笨拙的(反义)
(反)complaisance ◆ obstinacy 柔顺 ◆ 固执
complaisance ◆ churlishness 彬彬有礼 ◆ 粗野
list 7 compliant -------corona
compliant [] adj. 顺从的(ready or disposed to comply;submissive)
(类)compliant·servile=trusting·gullible 顺从的·奴性的=信赖的·轻信的(褒贬程度)

compliment [] vt. 称赞expressing or containing a compliment
(类)apologize·contrite=compliment·impressed 因为后悔而道歉=因为有好印象而
称赞
compliment·flattery=deference·subservience 赞美·谄媚=顺从·屈从(褒贬)
(反)vituperative ◆ complimentary 责骂的 ◆ 称赞的
(同)complacence, conceitedness, consequence, narcissism, pride

comply [] vi. 顺从,答应(to conform or adapt one's actions to another's wishes, to a rule,
or to necessity)
(类)mandatory·comply=forbidden·abstain 强制的·答应=禁止的·禁绝(主被动关系)
(同)obey, conform, follow, keep, mind, observe

composed [] adj. 镇静的,使安定 freefrom agitation;calm
(反)composed ◆ distraught 镇静的 ◆ 发狂的
discombobulate ◆ compose 使混乱 ◆ 使安定
restless ◆ composure 不平静的 ◆ 镇静

comport [] vt, vi 表现,举止
(例)Comport yourself with dignity. 举止要庄重

compound [] v.混和 adj.复合的
(类)soldier·army=element·compound 士兵·军队=元素·混合物(前者组成后者)
(反)compound ◆ separate 混和 ◆ 分开
compound ◆ elemental 复合的 ◆ 基础的

compress [] vt. 压缩(to reduce in size or volume as if by squeezing)
(类)constrict·diameter=compress·size 收缩·直径 = 压缩 ·尺寸(减少关系)
(反)increase in volume 数量增加 distention 膨胀

compromise [] n. 妥协,折衷(to come to agreement by mutual concession)
(类)mediation·compromise=prosecution·conviction 调停·折衷=起诉·定罪(目的关系)
implacable·compromise=honest·swindle 不缓和的·妥协=诚实的·诈骗
(反)intransigent ◆ open to compromise 顽固的 ◆ 乐于妥协
polemical ◆ compromising 好争论的 ◆ 妥协的
temporize ◆ unwilling to compromise 见风使舵 ◆ 不愿意妥协
(记)com(互相)+promise(承诺)→互相承诺→妥协

compromise 2 v. 危及,损害
(例)Such conduct will compromise your reputation. 如此举动将会损害你的名誉。

compulsive [ ]adj. 强迫症的,被强迫的,压抑不住的
compulsory [  ] adj. 必需做的, 必修的, 被强迫的
compunction [] n. 后悔(anxiety arising from awareness of guilt)

(反)compunction ◆ absence of misgiving 后悔 ◆ 没有疑虑
(记)com+punc(刺)→不断被刺痛→后悔

concatenate [] v. 连结(to link together in a series or chain;articulate)
(反)concatenate ◆ separate 连结 ◆ 分开

concave adj. 凹的(hollowed or rounded inward like the inside of a bowl)v. 凹陷
(记)cave n. 洞穴
SCOOP: CONCAVE 勺:凹的
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17 蓝宝GRE笔考词汇突破核心词汇 蓝宝GRE笔考词汇突破核心词汇
17
(类)confluence·streams=junction·roads 汇合·溪流=交叉·道路(事
物及其相关对象)
(反)confluence ◆ divergence 汇合 ◆ 分歧
(记)con(共同)+flu(流)→流到一起→汇合
(同)concourse, concursion, gathering, junction
conceal v. 隐藏
(to prevent confront [] vt. 使面对,对抗 (to face especially
disclosure or in challenge;oppose)
recognition of) (类)craven·confront=honest·deceive 怯懦的·对抗=诚实的·欺骗(反
(反)面特征)
unearth ◆ conceal 挖出 ◆ 隐藏 (反)circumvent ◆ confront 包围 ◆ 正面对抗
(同)hide,bury, cache, cover (记)con+front(面对)→对抗
(同)affront, encounter, face, meet
concede [] v. 承认(to grant as a right or privilege),让步
(反)concede ◆ refuse to grant 承认 ◆ 拒绝承认 confound [] v. 混淆(to fail to discern differences between)
concession ◆ aggress 让步 ◆ 侵犯 (反)confound ◆ discriminate between 混淆 ◆ 区分
(同)admit, acknowledge, avow, confess, grant (例)confound fiction and fact. 把事实与假设混为一谈

concentrate [] v. 集中(focus),浓缩(to make less dilute) congeal [] v. 凝固(to make viscid or curdled;coagulate)
(反)concentrate ◆ dilute solution 浓缩 ◆ 稀释溶液 (反)congeal ◆ meltdisintegrate 凝固 ◆ 熔化分解
deploy ◆ concentrate 展开 ◆ 集中 congeal ◆ fail to solidify 凝固 ◆ 不能凝固
(记)con(共同)+centra(中心)→一起到中心来→集中 (记)con+geal(冻结)→凝固 参考:gel胶
(同)coagulate, clot, gel, gelate
concerted [] adj. 商议定的(mutually agreed on)共同完成的(performed in
unison) congenial [] adj. 温和的(sociable,genial)
(反)concerted ◆ meant to obstruct 商定的,同意的 ◆ 意图阻碍的 (反)dour ◆ congenialgenial 严厉的 ◆ 温和的
concerted ◆ individually devised 共同完成的 ◆ 个人设计的
congest [ ]vt. 使充满, 使拥塞, 使充血
concession [ ] n.让步 (记)gest管道。参考:ingest咽下digest消化
conciliate [] v. 安抚,调和(to overcome the distrust or animosity of;
appease) congruent [] adj.和谐一致的,全等的(being in agreement, harmony, or
(类)sop·conciliatory=subsidy·supportive 安抚物·安抚的=补助金·支援性的 correspondence)
(反)conciliate安抚 ◆ vex 使恼怒 nettle 激怒 rile 激怒 (类)congruent·dimension=coeval·age 全等的·尺寸=同时代的·时代(前者修饰后者)
discontent ◆ conciliate 不满 ◆ 调和 incongruent·conform=recalcitrant·obey 不协调的难以使一致=反抗的难以服从
contentious ◆ conciliatory 好争吵的 ◆ 调和的 clandestine·secrecy=harmony·congruity 秘密的·秘密=一致的·一致 (同义)
belligerent ◆ conciliatory 好战的 ◆ 调和的 (反)variance ◆ congruity 不一致 ◆ 一致
(同)appease, assuage, mollify, placate, propitiate congruent ◆ disagreeable 和谐一致的 ◆ 不合意的
(同)harmonious , corresponding
concise [] adj. 简洁的(brief and compact)
(类)synopsis·conciseness=distillate·purity 大纲通常比较简明=蒸馏物通常比较纯净 conjecture [] n. v.推测,猜测(inference from defective or presumptive evidence)
conciseness·aphorism=exaggeration·caricature 简明·格言=夸张·漫画(正面特征) (反)conjecture ◆ restrain from the speculation 推测 ◆ 不准猜测
(记)con+sice(切)→把多余的部分切除→简洁 conjecture ◆ fact 猜测 ◆ 事实
(同)brief, compendious, curt, laconic, succinct, terse (记)con+ject(推,抛)→全部推测 参考:project设计,方案,作业;发射
(同)guess, presume, pretend, suppose, surmise, think
concord [] n.一致,和睦 (a state of agreement;harmony)
(类)inconsonant·concord=scatter·overlap 不一致的·一致=分散·重叠(反义) conjure [ ] v. 祈求;用咒语祈求神奇力量;变魔术
(反)dissension纠纷 dissonance不一致 schism分裂 enmity敌意 rancor怨恨 (例)I conjure you not to betray me. 我恳求你不要背弃我。
(记)con+cord(绑在一起)→一致
connive [] vi. 暗中合作, 密谋(to cooperate secretly or have a secret understanding)
concur [] vi. 意见相同,一致(to act together to a common end or single effect) (类)connive·cooperate=pry·watch 暗中合作·合作=窥探·注视(秘密与正常)
(反)naysay 反对 dissent 不同意 uncouth·churl=conspiratorial·conniver 粗俗的·粗野的人=阴谋的·阴谋家(正面特
(同)coincide, concert, concur, harmonize 征)
(同)plot, cogitate, collude, conspire, machinate,
condescending [] adj. 谦逊的,故意屈尊的,叫人领情似的
(类)condescending·patronize=obsequious·fawn 叫人领情的·以恩人自居=奉承的·奉承 connoisseur [] n. 鉴赏家 (expert who is competent to act as a critical judge)
patronize·condescension=deride·mockery 以恩人自居·叫人领情的=嘲笑·嘲弄的 (类)connoisseur·art=gourmet·cuisine
patronizing·condescending=peeved·annoyed 资助的·使领情的=气恼的·恼怒的 鉴识家·艺术=美食家·烹饪(人及其鉴赏对象)
【注】以上三组都是同义关系 selflessness·altruist=expertise·connoisseur
无私·利他主义者=专门技术·鉴赏家(正面特征)
condign [] adj. 应得的,恰当的(deserved, appropriate) 【注】expertise :skill or knowledge in a particular area
(反)condign ◆ undeservedunmerited 应得的 ◆ 不应得的 不配的 (同)aesthete, cognoscente, dilettante
(同)just, appropriate, deserved, merited, requisite
(记)con(加强)+dign(= dignity尊严,高贵)→做事情非常有尊严的→恰当的 conquest [] n. 征服(the act or process of conquering)
(类)inexorable·dissuasion=indomitable·conquest 不为所动的无法劝阻=不屈服的无法征服
condole [] vi. 表达同情或悲伤(to express sympathetic sorrow) 【注】inexorable :not capable of being persuaded by entreaty
(类)condolence·sympathycompassion=gibe·derision 表示同情·同情=嘲笑·嘲笑
(记)con(一样)+dole(悲哀)→一样悲哀→表达同情 参考:doleful dolesome悲哀的 conscientious [] adj. 本着良心的;负责的,谨慎的(thorough and assiduous)
区别:condole 不及物:表达慰问之情 I condoled with him in his loss. 我对他的损失表示同情 (反)conscientious ◆ careless 负责的 ◆ 粗心的
console 及物:安慰,慰问某人console a friend in grief 安慰一个正处悲伤的朋友 conscientious ◆ remiss 负责的 ◆ 疏忽的
(同)honorable, just, right, scrupulous, true
condone [] vt. 宽恕(to pardon or overlook voluntarily) (例)a conscientious decision to speak out about injustice. 本着良心决定说出不义之事
(类)bristle·anger=vacillate·unresolution 发怒·愤怒=忧郁不定·不坚决(动名同义)
干扰:(condone·mercy)(condemn·warning) conscript [ 5kCnskript ] n. 被强迫征招入伍的士兵 vt. 征募
(反)denounce 谴责exact 强求 consensus [] n. 一致,团结(group solidarity in sentiment and belief)
(同)excuse, pardon, forgive (类)law·criminality=consensus·factionalism 法律·犯罪=团结·党派之争 (防止关系)
(干扰:lesson·falsehood 教训·谎言)
conducive [] adj. 有益的,有促进的(tending to promote or assist) consensus·factionalism=clarity·confusion 团结·党派之争=清晰·混乱 (反
(类)conducive·foment=tonic·invigorate 促进的·促进=激励的·鼓舞(形动同义) 义)
【注】foment :to promote the growth of; incite. 促进„的发展;激励 expedition·foot dragging=consensus·factionalism 迅速·缓慢=团结·党派之争(反
义)
conductor [  ] n. 领导者,指挥(one who directs an orchestra or other such group) schism·consensus=interruption·continuity 分裂的没有一致意 见=中断的不具有连续
(类)conductor·instrumentalist=directo r·actor 指挥·演奏者=导演·演员(前者指挥后者) 性
(记)con+sens(感觉)→感觉一样→一致
confident [] adj. 有信心的,自信的(self-reliant)
(类)confident·timid=open·shy 有信心的·胆小的=外向的·害羞的 (反义) c o n s equence n. 结果,结局;重要性,价值(moment)
(类)dilettante·commitment=nonentity·consequence
confidence·arrogant=inquiry·interrogatory 自信·傲慢的=询问·质问的 (褒贬) 业余爱好者·致力=无足轻重者·重要性(缺乏)
(记)con(加强)+fide(相信)→完全相信→有信心
参考:perfidious背信弃义的;confidentiality n. 秘密,机密;信任 conservative [] adj. 保守的 n.保守的人(tradiyional)
(类)contumacious·authority=reactionary·change 顽固的·权威=反动的·变化(事物反面
confine [] vt. 禁闭 (something that restrains) 特征)
(类)loose·confinement=disabuse·misconception 解放解除禁闭=使省悟消除错误观念 bigoted·advice=conservative·change 固执己见的:忠告=保守的:变化(前
(记)con+fine(限制)→禁闭 finite有限的 者拒绝后者) hidebound·conservative=manic·excited 死板的·保守的=
(同)limit, ircumscribe,delimitate, prelimit, restrict confiscate 疯狂的·激动的(程度)
【注】peeved·annoyed 是干扰选项,这两个词是同义不是程度关系
confiscate [ ] vt.没收, 充公 (反)conserve ◆ exhaust 保存(能量) ◆ 耗尽
(同)orthodox, reactionary, tory, traditionalistic
confluence [] n.汇合(a coming or flowing together, meeting, or gathering at one
point) conservatory [] n.温室,音乐学院(a school specializing in one of the fine arts)
tongs: hollow
spatula: flat
beater: tined
cleaver: indented
skewer: rounded

钳子:空的
抹刀:平的
搅拌器:尖齿状的
切肉刀:锯齿状的
串肉杆:圆的




答案:(B)


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(类)conservatory·music=seminary·theology= observatory·astronomy
音乐学院·音乐=神学院·神学=天文台·天文学 (场所及其研究学科)

conserve [] vt. 保存,保全 (to keep in a safe or sound state)
(反)conserve ◆ wastesquanderexhaust 保存 ◆ 浪费 挥霍 耗尽
(同)preserve , save ,maintain

considerable [] adj. 值得考虑的,重要的(worth consideration;significant)

(类)restive·calmness=piddling·considerable 不安静的·平静=琐屑的·重要的 (反
义)
(反)consider ◆ table考虑 ◆ 搁置
(同)important,consequential,material,momentous
(记)区别:considerate考虑周到的 记法:considerable有able→有能力的当然是重要的

consign [  ] v. 委托,托管(to give over to the care of another; entrust)
(例)to consign money in a bank在银行存款 to consign goods by rail 由铁路托运货物

console [] vt. 安慰,藉慰(to alleviate the grief, sense of loss, or trouble of)
(类)embarrass·shame=console·comfort 使困窘·使羞愧=藉慰·安慰(同义)
disturb·serenity = console·grief扰乱·平静=安慰·悲伤(消除关系)
alleviate·intensity=console·grief 减轻强度=安抚悲痛
(反)console ◆ aggravate grief 安慰 ◆ 加重伤心
(同)comfort, solace, upraise

consolidate [] vt. 使联合,统一,巩固 (to join together into one whole;unite)
(反)consolidation ◆ fragmentation 统一 ◆ 分裂
consolidate ◆ dissolve 使联合 ◆ 解散
(记)con+solid(结实)→统一,巩固
(同)compact, concentrate, integrate

consonance [] n. 一致,调和(harmony or agreement among components)
(类)inconsonant·concord=scatter·overlap 不协调的·一致=分散的·重叠(反义)
(反)consonant ◆ dissonant调和 ◆ 不协调
consonant ◆ discrepant一致 ◆ 不一致的
inconsonant ◆ in agreement 不一致 ◆ 一致
(同)harmony, agreement, chime, concord, tune

conspicuous [] adj.显著的,显而易见的(obvious to the eye or mind)
(类)conspicuous·see=transparent·understand 明显的容易被看到=显然的容易被了解
hermitage·secluded=landmark·conspicuous 隐居处·隐蔽的=路标·明显的
(反)blatant ◆ inconspicuous 明显的 ◆ 不明显的
nondescript ◆ conspicuous 莫可名状的 ◆ 显而易见的
salient ◆ unconspicuous 显著的 ◆ 不显著的
prominent ◆ inconspicuous 卓越的 ◆ 不显眼的
(记)con(都)+spic(看)→都看的到的→显著
(同)noticeable, arresting, prominent, remarkable, salient, striking

conspiracy [] n. 共谋, 阴谋(treacherous plot)
(类)uncouth·churl=conspiratorial·conniver 粗俗的·粗野的人=阴谋的·阴谋家
infiltrate·enter=conspire·plan 秘密潜入·进入=阴谋·计划
spy·watch=conspire·cooperate 侦察·观看=阴谋·合作
(记)con+spire(呼吸)→共同呼吸→搞阴谋
(同)plot, cabal, intrigue, machination, scheme

consternation [] n. 惊愕,呆若木鸡(a state of paralyzing dismay)
(记)来自stern严格的,僵硬的;呆若木鸡就是因为震惊而表情僵硬。

constitute [] vt. 构成,任命(to appoint to an office, function, or dignity)
(反)abdicate ◆ constitute 退位 ◆ 任命
(记)con(一起)+stitute(建立)→组成;constitution 宪法;体格,体质
(同)create, establish, institute, organize

constitutional a.素质上的,本质的;章程的,法规的
(例)a constitutional inability to tell the truth. 生来爱撒谎的毛病

constrained [] adj. 束缚的,节制的
(反)constrain ◆ release 束缚 ◆ 释放
intemperate ◆ constrained 不节制的 ◆ 节制的
(记)con+strain(拉紧)→束缚的
(同)reserved, noncommittal, restrained

constringe [] vt. 压缩(to cause to contract; constrict)
(反)commodious ◆ constringed 宽敞的 ◆ 压缩的

construct [] v. 建造(to make or form by combining or arranging parts or
elements)
(类)construct·remodel=compose·edit 建造·改造=创作·修改(原创和修改)
(记)con+struct(建立)→建造

consummate [] adj. 完美的(complete in every detail; of the highest degree)
(反)consummate ◆ amateurish 完善的 ◆ 业余的,不专业的
(同)accomplished, finished, perfected, ripe, virtuosic

contagious [] adj. 传染性的,会传播的(communicable by contact;catching)

(类)sprain·injure=cold·contagion 扭伤·伤=感冒·传染病 (种属)
(反)contagious ◆ incommunicable 会传播的 ◆ 不能传达的
(记)con(互相)+tag(接触)→互相接触→传染 参考:contact接触intact完整无缺的
(同) infectious, catching, communicable

contaminate [] vt. 染污(to soil, stain, corrupt, or infect by contact)
(类)hedge·loss=quarantine·co ntamination=safeguard·accident
两面下注以减小损失=检疫以防止污染=安全措施防止事故发生(防止关系)
(反)contaminate ◆ purify 污染 ◆ 净化
(同)defile, pollute, soil, taint

contemplate [  ] v. 沉思(meditate on or ponder)
(例)The surgeon contemplated the difficult operation.
外科医生为这一棘手的手术苦思冥想。

content [] adj. 满足的(manifesting satisfaction with one's possessions)
(类)disaffected·contentment= dubious·commitmentconviction
不满的·满足=可疑的·负责确信
gripe·discontent=praise·admiration
抱怨·不满=赞美·钦佩 (动作及表示情感)
disaffected·contentment=anxious·serenity
不满意的·满意=担忧的·平静
(反)disaffected ◆ content 不满 ◆ 满足
restiveness ◆ contentment 难以驾御 ◆ 容易满足
contented ◆ avaricious 满足 ◆ 贪婪
(同)satisfied , pleased, contented, complacent
(记)比较:contend contentious contention attentive abstention contented tentative

contentious [] adj.好辩的,喜争吵的(exhibiting an often perverse tendency to
quarrels)
(类)meddlesome·pry=contentious·argue 多管闲事的·探察=好争吵的·争吵
(反)contentious ◆ conciliatory 喜争吵的 ◆ 安抚的
contention ◆ agreement 争论 ◆ 同意
(记)con+tent(拉)→互相拉→争论
(同)belligerent, bellicose, combative, gladiatorial, militant, truculent

contiguous [] adj. 紧邻的,接壤的(being in actual contact)
(类)contiguous·abut=simultaneous·coincide
紧邻的·毗邻=同时发生的·同时发生(形名同义)
【注】coincide :to happen at the same time or during the same period. 同时发生

contingent [  ] adj.可能发生的,依条件而定的,偶然的
(例)Arms sales are contingent on the approval of Congress. 武器销售取决于议会的批准

contort [] v. 扭弯,曲解(to twist into a strained shape or expression)
(类)contortion·body=grimace·face 扭弯·身体=面部扭曲·脸部(行为及其相关部位)
(同)deform, distort, misshape, torture, warp
(记)参考:tortuous 蜿蜒的distort 歪曲torture 折磨

contract [] v. 收缩(to reduce to smaller size by squeezing or forcing together)
(类)contract·implode=descend·plummet 收缩·内爆=下降·快速下落(程度)
(记)con(互相)+tract(拉)→收缩

contravene [] v. 违反,反驳,反对(to oppose in argument:CONTRADICT)

(反)contravene ◆ support 支持 buttress 支持
(记)contra(反)→vene(走)→反着走→违反 参考:convene召集,集合
(同)violate, break, infringe, offend, transgress

contrite [] adj. 后悔的,痛悔的(grieving and penitent for sin or shortcoming)
(类)apologize·contrite=compliment·impressed
道歉·后悔的=称赞·被打动的(动作表示感情)
(反)impenitent ◆ contrite 不悔悟的 ◆ 后悔的
(同)remorseful, apologetic, compunctious, penitent, regretful

contrive [ ] v. 发明, 设计, 图谋(devise)
(派)contrivance n. 发明,发明的才能,想出的办法;contrived 人为的,做作的

contumacious [] adj. 不服从的(stubbornly disobedient·REBELLIOUS)

(类)contumacious·authority=hidebound·novelty 不服从的·权威=死板的·革新(反义)
(反)contumacious ◆ obedient 不服从的 ◆ 服从的
(同)insubordinate, insurgent, mutinous, rebellious

conundrum [] n.难题,迷(a riddle whose answer is or involves a pun)
(类)conundrum·solve=tangle·unravel 解决难题=解开纠缠(消除关系)

convalesce [] vi. 渐渐康复,渐愈(to recover health gradually after sickness)
(类)recidivism·relapse=rehabilitation ·convalesce 累犯·故态复萌=复原·渐愈(同义)
(同)recuperate, ameliorate, gain, mend,

convenience [] n.便利的(something conducive to comfort or ease)
(类)opportune·con venience=impermanent·transience 适当的·方便=暂时的·暂时(同
义)
(反)opportune ◆ inconvenient 适当的 ◆ 不便的
(同)amenity, comfort, facility

convention [] n. 大会,惯例(usage or custom especially in social matters)
(类)indiscretion·convention=overdose· prescription
行为不检点·规矩习俗=过量用药·药方(前者违背后者)
【注】indiscretion:an act at variance with the accepted morality of a society 行为不检点
(反)ossify ◆ transcend conventions 死板 ◆ 超越常规
(同)contract, agreement, compact, covenant, transaction

convergent [] adj. 收敛的,聚合(tending to move toward one point;confluent)
(反)convergent ◆ moving apart 收敛的 ◆ 散开
discrepancy ◆ convergence 分散 ◆ 聚合
converge ◆ spread out 聚合 ◆ 展开

conversant [] adj. 熟悉的,亲近的(having frequent or familiar association)
(反)conversant ◆ unfamiliarity 熟悉的 ◆ 不熟悉
conversance ◆ lack of familiarity 熟悉的 ◆ 不熟悉
conversant ◆ ignorant 熟悉的 ◆ 不知道的
(同)familiar, versant

convert [] vt. 使改变信仰(to persuade or induce to adopt a particular religion, faith, or
belief)
(类)veer·direction=convert·belief
转向·方向=使改变信仰·信仰(行为及其相关对象)
hunter·quarry=proselytizer·convert
猎人·狩猎=劝服改宗者·使改变信仰(正面特征)
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proselytizer·convert=mediator·reconcile(干扰:edu cator·promote)
劝服改宗· 使改变信仰=调停者·调停(行为及其目的)
【注:mediate :interpose between parties in order to reconcile them】
four- poster·bed=convertible·automobile 四足床·床=敞篷车·车(种属)
(同)ransform, change, metamorphose, transmute
(例)Many Africans were converted to Christianity. 许多非洲人都改信基督教。

convex [] adj. 凸起的,凸面的(curving outward)
(类)convex ◆ dent 凸起 ◆ 凹陷
(记)参考:concave 凹的,凹面的

convey [] vt. 传达(to communicate;impart)运输,转移
(类)smuggle·convey=collude·cooperate 走私·运输=串通·合作(正常与非法)
duct·convey=splint·immobilize 管道·运输=夹板·使固定(物品及其功能)

conviction [] n. 深信,确信(a strong belief) n. 定罪
(类)dubious·conviction=disaffected·contentment 可疑的·确信=不满足的·满足
prosecution·conviction=mediation·compromise 起诉·定罪=调解·和解(目的)
(反)cogent ◆ unconvincing 有说服力的 ◆ 不令人信服的
(记)vict(征服);与victory一同记,深信自己一定胜利。参考:invincible
(例)Nothing could shake his conviction that she was innocent.
他深信她是无辜的,没有什么能够动摇他的这一看法。

convoke [] v. 召集会议(to call together to a meeting;assemble)

(反)convoke ◆ adjourn 召集会议 ◆ 休会
(记)voke(叫喊) 参考:provoke(激起),invoke(唤起)
(例)Congress was convoked at the outbreak of the emergency.
危机出现的时候,议会立刻召集开会。

convoluted [] adj.复杂的,费解的(complicated; intricately)
(类)convoluted·complexity=ephemera l·transience=transient·evanescence
费解的·复杂=短暂的·顷刻=短暂的·瞬息(形名同义)
(反)convoluted ◆ straightforward 复杂费解的 ◆ 直截了当的
(同)complex , winding , intricate, complicated
(记)volut(旋转)。联想:转的太多,令人费解的。参考:revolutionary

convulsion [] n. 痉挛(violent, involuntary muscular contractions)骚乱
(类)convulsion·contraction=frenzy·emotion 痉挛是猛烈的收缩=狂暴是猛烈的情感

coop [] n. 小屋,鸡笼(a cage or small enclosure for poultry)
(类)corral·horses=coop·chickens 畜栏·马=鸡笼·小鸡 (动物及其饲养场所)

cope [  ] vi. 应付,对付(to deal with)
(例)coping with child rearing and a full-time job. 一面抚养孩子一面做份全职工作

copious []adj.丰富的(abundant; plentiful)
(反)sparse稀少的 dearth贫乏的
(记)由copy联想,不断的非法copy,令盗版软件很丰富。

coquette [ ] n.风骚的女人,玩弄男人的女人(a woman who flirt insincerely)
(类)supplicant·beseechin g=coquette·flirtatious恳求者·恳求的=风骚女人·轻浮的

cord [] n.木料计量单位;绳索,束缚
(类)cord·wood = ream·paper 木料计量单位·木材=令·纸
(记)木料是圆形的,过去都是用绳子绕一周来丈量。

cordon [] n. 警戒线(extended line of police to prevent access or egress)
(类)levee·river=cordon·crowd 大堤·河=警戒线·群众
(记)cord(绳子) 联想:用绳子隔离出警戒线。

cornucopia [] n.象征丰收的羊角(羊角装饰器内装满瓜果、谷物代表丰收)
(类)cornucopia·abundance=mace·authority 羊角象征丰收=权杖象征权威
(反)lack缺乏pittance 少量,微薄
(记)corn(角)+copia(丰饶)参考:copious 丰富的

corona [] n. 冠壮物,光环,日冕
(类)corona·sun=atmosphere·planet 日冕环绕太阳=大气环绕行星
(记)可能来自crown(王冠),发音很相似。
list 8 coronation-------deference
coronation [] n. 加冕,加冕礼(the act or occasion of crowning)
(类)coronation·reign=wedding·marriage 加冕礼·执政=婚礼·结婚 (前者是后者的仪
式)
(记)参考 corona

corporeal [] adj. 肉体的,有形的,物质的,非精神的
(反)intangible无形的disembodied无形的 spiritual 精神的immaterial非实质的
(记)corp(身体)参考:corporation 公司,法人,实体 corpulent 肥胖的

corroborate [] vt. 使坚固,确证(confirm)
(类)corroborate·evidence=calumniate·falsehood 确证依靠证据=诽谤依靠谎言
(反)lessening of certainty可信度降低 controvert 辩驳 deny否认
(记)robor(强壮) 谐音:萝卜使人强壮。

corrosive [] adj. 腐蚀的,侵蚀的 n.腐蚀剂
(类)etch·corrosive=glue·adhesive 蚀刻·腐蚀剂=粘贴·粘合剂(前者靠后者实现)
【注】etch :to cut into the surface of (glass, for example) by the action of acid
(记)参考 erosive 腐蚀性的

corrugated adj. 满是皱纹的(wrinkled; ridged)
(反)corrugated ◆ smooth 满是皱纹的 ◆ 光滑的
(记)参考:ruga 本身是一个词:皱纹。
(例)She wished she could smooth away the wrinkles from his corrugated brow.
她希望将皱纹从额头上除掉。

cosmopolitan [] adj. 世界性的(pertinent or common to the whole world)

(类)provincial·cosmopolit an=【bigot·tolerant】地方的·世界性的=狭隘者·宽容的
【注】对应不整齐,前者是反义关系,后者是反面特征
(反)insular ◆ cosmopolitan 狭隘的,孤立的 ◆ 世界性的
insularity ◆ cosmopolitanism 偏狭,孤立 ◆ 世界大同主义
(同)catholic, cosmic, ecumenical, global, planetary, worldwide
(记)参考:cosmos 宇宙

cosset [] v. 宠爱,娇养(to treat as a pet:coddle; pamper)
(反)cosset ◆ slight 宠爱 ◆ 轻蔑
cosseted ◆ unspoiled 宠爱的 ◆ 未宠坏的

costume [ ] n.装束, 服装
coterminous adj. 有共同边界的,邻接的
(记)co(共同)+ termi(边界)

coterie [] n.小团体,小圈子(group that meets socially;select circle)
(同)clique, cabal, circle, clan, mob, ring
(记)参考:cottage 小屋

countenance [] v.赞成,容忍(approve; tolerate) n. 面容,表情
(类)countenance·toleration= demur·objection 赞成·容忍=抗议·反对(同义)
(反)countenance ◆ condemn支持 ◆ 谴责
countenance ◆ regard with disfavor支持 ◆ 不感兴趣
(记)与下面的countermand一同记。 counter 反对

counterbalance v. 使平衡(counterpoise);抵消,补偿(offset)

counterpart n. 副本,对等的人或物(a thing that completes another)
(例)The foreign minister is the counterpart of the secretary of state.
外交部长是和国务秘书对等的人

counterfeit [] n. 赝品,伪造品(something counterfeit:forgery)
(类)counterfeit·money=sophism·reasoning 赝品假钱·钱=诡辩·推理(假与正常)
(同)imposture, deceit, deception, fake, fraud, hoax

countermand vt. 取消,撤销(cancel; revoke)
(类)countermand·order=revoke·license 撤销·命令=撤销·执照
(例)The general countermand the orders issued in his absence.
将军撤销了他不在时所发布的命令。

counterpoise nvt. 平均,平衡(an equivalent power or force acting in opposition),使平衡
(例)be in counterpoise保持平衡均衡

coup [  ] n. 突然而巧妙的行动,成功之举,政变
(例)make a great coup 极大成功, 一鸣惊人

court [] nvt. 追求;求爱;献殷勤;招致 n.法院;庭院
(反)court ◆ aversion 追求 ◆ 厌恶 spurn 摒弃 repel intentionally 故意抵制
court ◆ snub 献殷勤 ◆ 冷落怠慢
(记)谐音“夸她”。联想夸她为了献殷勤。
参考:courtesy n. 礼貌,谦恭 courteous adj. 谦恭有礼的,殷勤的
(例)courts disaster by taking drugs. 因吸毒而招致灾祸

coven [] n. (尤指十三个)女巫的集会(an assembly or band of usually 13 witches)
(类)witch·coven=retainer·retinue 女巫·女巫的集会=家臣·随行人员(组成关系)

covert [] adj.隐蔽的,偷偷摸摸的 n.掩蔽处, 隐藏处
(反)covert ◆ open 隐蔽的 ◆ 公开的
(同)surreptitious ,secret,clandestine,furtive,stealthy
(记)来自cover 覆盖 参考:overt明显的

covetous [] adj. 贪婪的,渴求的(marked by extreme desire to acquire or possess)
(类)covetous·desire=prodigal·spend 贪求的·要求=浪费的·花费
paltry·covet=despicable·admire 无价值的·贪求=卑劣的·钦佩
covetous·rapacious=troubled·dis traught=enthusiastic ·mania
贪心的·强夺贪婪的=不平静的·心烦意乱发狂的=热情的·极端狂热的(程度)
(同)acquisitive, desirous, grabby, grasping, greedy
(例)the covetous eye of an avid collector.一个狂热收藏家渴求的目光

cow [] v. 恐吓,威胁(to destroy the resolve or courage of)
(反)cow ◆ embolden 威胁 ◆ 使大胆
cowed ◆ undaunted 被吓倒的 ◆ 大无畏的
(同)intimidate,bluster, bully, strong-arm

cowardice [] n. 懦弱(lack of courage or resolution)
(类)cowardice·intimidate=choler·antagonize 懦弱易遭胁迫=愤怒易遭敌对
(反)cowardice ◆ pluck懦弱 ◆ 勇气
(例)A treacherous coward who betrayed his friends to save his own skin
一个背信弃义的懦夫为了自己的利益背叛了他的朋友。

cower [] vi. 畏缩,退缩(to shrink away or crouch from something that menaces)
(类)cower·fear=rant·anger 畏缩·害怕=咆哮·愤怒(动作表达情感)
(反)brazenly confront 勇敢地面对 bristle发怒
(同)fawn, cringe, grovel, toady

cozen [] v. 欺骗,瞒(to cheat; deceive)
(类)credulous·cozen=tractable·control 轻信的易被欺骗=驯良的易被控制
(反)cozen ◆ deal with forthrightly 欺骗 ◆ 直率的处理
(同)cheat, defraud, swindle

cramped [] n. 狭促的(confined, incommodious)
(反)commodious 宽敞的

crass [] adj. 粗俗的;粗厚的;愚钝的(without refinement or sensitivity)
(反)refined 精细的
(同)coarse, crude, gross, uncouth, vulgar

crave [] v. 渴望(to yearn for)恳求(to ask for earnestly)(反)spurn摒弃
(类)craving·desire=terror·fear 渴望·愿望=恐怖·害怕(程度)
crave·longing=exult·satisfaction 非常渴望·渴望=得意洋洋·满意(程度)

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20 蓝宝GRE笔考词汇突破核心词汇 蓝宝GRE笔考词汇突破核心词汇
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craven [] adj. 懦弱的(timid)n.懦夫 (coward, dastard)
(类)craven·admirable=【deft·awkward】疑为干扰选项
怯懦的不令人钦佩的(反面特征)灵巧的·笨拙的(反义关系)
craven·confront=honest·deceive 懦弱的·对抗=诚实的·欺骗(反面特征)
craven·hero=parsimonious·spendthrift 懦弱的·英雄=节俭的·挥霍者(反面特征)
【注】parsimonious :excessively sparing or frugal. 不仅有吝啬的意思,还有节俭的意

craven·heroic=volatile·constant 懦弱的·英勇的=不稳定的·稳定的
(反)valorous 勇敢的 记法:谐音:沃勒尔—德国足球队教练,以勇猛著称。
(记)和brave一起记。b倒下变成c,勇士变懦夫。

crease [] n. 折痕(a line or ridge made by folding a pliable substance)v. 折,弄皱
(类)crease·folding=hole·perforating 折痕·折叠的=洞·穿孔的(前者由后者造成)

credence [] n.信任(belief,credit,faith)
(反)skeptic怀疑 doubt 怀疑
(记)cred(相信) 参考:credit信用 credible 可靠的 creed 信条,教义

credulous [] adj. 轻信的,易受骗的(willing to believe or trust too readily)
(类)credulous·cozen=tractable·control 轻信的·欺骗=驯良的·控制
skeptic·credulous=penitent·obdurate 怀疑者·轻信的=悔过者·顽固的
(反)credulity ◆ skepticism轻信 ◆ 怀疑
(同)unsuspecting, unsuspicious, unwary
(例)deceiving the credulous young girls 欺骗这个轻信的女孩

creek [] n. 小溪,小河
(类)creek·river=hill·mountain=pebble·rock 小溪·河流=小山·山脉=小石块·石头(小
和正常)

creep [] vi. 爬,缓慢地行进(to move slowly on hands and knees)
(反)creep ◆ move swiftlyquick movement 缓慢地行进 ◆ 快速移动

crescendo [] n&v.(声音)渐强(a gradual increase in volume of a musical
passage)
(类)crescendo·sound=acceleration·tempo 声音渐强·声音=速度加快·速率
(反)crescendo ◆ decrease in volume 声音渐强 ◆ 声音减弱
(记)和下面crest一起记 向顶峰进发→渐强

crest [] n.鸡冠,顶部,顶峰(the highest or culminating point; the peak)
(类)crest·wave=(acmesummitpeak)·mountain 波峰·波=山顶·山(事物及其顶点)
(同)apex, crown, peak,summit, vertex, acme, apogee, climax, culmination, pinnacle

crestfallen [] adj.垂头丧气的,挫败的,失望的(dejected; discouraged)
(反)crestfallen ◆ exultant 垂头丧气的 ◆ 欢悦的

critical [ ] adj. 危急的,严重的
(例)a critical shortage of food. 严重短缺食物

cronyism [ ] n. 任人唯亲,对好朋友的偏袒
(类)cronyism·friend=nepotism·relative 对好朋友的偏袒·朋友=裙带关系·亲戚

crook [] n.(弯柄)手杖;牧羊人的牧杖;拐弯处;骗子
(类)lariat·wrangler=crook·shepherd 套索·牧马者=牧杖·牧羊者(职业及其工具)
(记)大家都熟悉crooked 弯曲的,不老实的,拐骗的

croon [] v. 低声歌唱 ,低吟(to sing or hum in a soft ,soothing voice)
(类)croon·sing=murmur·speak 低声歌唱·歌唱=低语·说
(记)联想 crown 丢了皇冠,只能低唱。

crouch [] v. 蹲伏、弯腰(to stoop, especially with the knees bent)
(类)crouch·spring= hover·plunge 蹲伏·跳起=翱翔·俯冲(反义)

crucial [] adj. 严重的;极重要的 (of vital importance)
(类)relevant·crucial=perceptible·obvious 相关的·重要的=看的见的·明显的(程度)
(反)crucial ◆ inconsequential 重要的 ◆ 不重要的
(同)decisive,significant,acute,critical, desperate, dire
(记)cru十字 联想:到了十字路口,这时的选择很重要。参考:crux 中心,关键

crumple [] v. 弄皱;崩溃,垮台
(类)fold·crumple=defeat·overwhelm 折叠·弄皱=击败·征服(前者导致后者)
(例)crumple a piece of paper 弄皱了一张纸。

crutch [] n. 拐杖,支撑(a support to assist a lame person in walking)
(类)crutch·walk=glasses·see 拐杖·行走=眼镜·看(前者辅助后者)

crux [] n. 中心,关键(the central or pivotal point);难题
(类)crux ◆ peripheral element 关键 ◆ 周边因素

cryptic [] adj. 秘密的,神秘的(mysterious);含义模糊的(puzzling)
(类)cipher·cryptic=précis·concise 暗号·秘密的=摘要·简洁的
(反)cryptic ◆ self explainself explanatory 含义模糊的 ◆ 能自我解释的
(同)hidden, secret,dark, enigmatic
(记)来自crypt 秘密的,隐藏的

cuisine [] n. 烹调法,烹饪(a characteristic manner or style of preparing food)
(类)gourmet·cuisine=connoisseur·art 美食家·烹调=鉴赏家·艺术(前者鉴定后者)


culinary [  ] adj. 厨房的, 烹调用的
culminate [ ] v.达到顶点
culpable [] adj. 该受谴责的(deserving blame or censure);有罪的
(类)culpable·blame=exemplary·imitation 该受谴责的·谴责=可模仿的·模仿
confession·culpability=testim onial·appreciation 招供因有罪=推荐信因欣赏
(反)culpable ◆ innocentabove reproach 有罪的 ◆ 无罪的
(同)amiss,blamable,censurable,guilty, reprehensible, sinful
(记)culp 罪。参考:exculpate无罪释放 inculpate 使有罪,控告

cult [ ] n. 狂热崇拜;秘密团体
(例)a cult figure崇拜偶像;cult films 风靡一时的电影

cultivate [] v.培养,栽培(to foster the growth of)
(反)cultivate ◆ cause to wither 栽植 ◆ 使枯萎
cultivated ◆ feral 栽植的 ◆ 野生的
(记)cult(培养) 参考:culture 文化 cultured 有修养的

cumbersome [] adj. 笨拙的,累赘的(unwieldy because of heaviness and bulk)
(反)cumbersome ◆ easy to handle 笨拙的 ◆ 容易对付的
(记)cumber (躺,障碍)recumbent 靠着的,斜倚的

cunning [] adj. 狡猾的(characterized by wiliness and trickery)
(类)cunning·gulled=watchful·waylaid 狡猾的·被骗=警惕的·伏击(前者防范后者)
(反)artless朴实的 ingenuous纯真的
(同)sly, artful, astute, crafty, foxy, guileful, insidious, tricky, wily

curator [] n. (博物馆、图书馆等的) 馆长,主持
(类)curator·art=archivist·documents 馆长·艺术品=案卷保管人·档案
curator·museum=ranger·forest 馆长·博物馆=护林员·森林
curators·paintings=librarians·bo oks馆长·绘画=图书馆员·图书
(记)来自care 关心 馆长关心图书。

curmudgeon [] n. 脾气坏的(老)人(a crusty, ill-tempered, and usually old man)
(反)curmudgeon ◆ agreeable person 脾气坏的人 ◆ 令人愉快的人
(记)谐音出麻疹。联想出麻疹让人脾气变得很坏。

curriculum [] n.课程表(a set of courses constituting an area of
specialization)
(类)curriculum·course=menu·dish 课程表·课程=菜单·盘装菜
【注】manifest:cargo, agenda:meeting为干扰选项

cursory [] adj.匆忙的,草率的(rapidly and often superficially performed or produced)
(反)fastidious苛求的painstakingly thorough认真的slow and thorough慢而仔细的
exam cursorily ◆ pinpoint 粗略地检查 ◆ 精确查明
(同)superficial, shallow, sketchy, uncritical
(记)cur (跑) 参考:cursive 草书的

curt [] adj. 简略的(rudely brief in speech or abrupt in manner)
(类)curt·words=parsimonious·resource 简略的·言词=节省的·资源
(同)brief, compendiary, compendious, laconic, succinct, summary

curtail [] vt.截短,缩短;削减(to cut short;reduce)
(类)curtail·duration=abase·strength 缩减·持续时间=降低·力量
curtail·period=enervate·energy 缩短·周期=使衰弱·活力
(反)protract prolong延长
(记)cur+tail谐音割尾巴;联想截短,缩短

custody [  ] n. 监管,保管
cynic [] n. 犬儒主义者(a person who believes all people are motivated by selfishness)
(类)ingenue·sophistic ation=cynic·trustfulness清纯少女·世故=愤世嫉俗者·相信
【注:犬儒主义者认为人们行为的出发点是自私,因此他们对人采取怀疑的态度。】

dabbler [] vi. 涉猎者,浅尝辙止者(one not deeply engaged in something)
(类)dabbler·dedication=martinet·leniency 浅尝辙止者·致力=严格的人·宽大
(反)dabbler ◆ specialist 浅尝辙止者 ◆ 专家
dabble ◆ dedicatedevotespecialize 浅尝辙止 ◆ 致力投入专门研究
(记)参考double(双);联想三心二意。三心二意的人容易浅尝辄止。

daft [] adj. 傻的,愚蠢的(silly, foolish)
(反)daft ◆ judicious 傻的 ◆ 明智的
(记)由deft转意而来

daguerreotype [] n.早期银板照相法
(类)daguerreotype·photograph=musket·firearm 早期银板照相法·照相=早期火枪·火


dais [ ] n. 讲台,主席台(a raised platform, as in a lecture hall, for speakers or honored
guests)
(类)dais·honor=stadium·compete 主席台能够给客人礼遇=运动场能够竞赛
【注:honor:to regard or treat with honor or respect 礼遇;给予客人礼遇】

dally [] vi. 闲逛,虚度时光(to waste time loiter)
(类)dally·times=squander·money 虚度·时间=浪费·金钱(前者浪费后者)
(记)谐音大理。联想在旅游胜地云南大理闲逛。

damper [] n.抑制因素,泼冷水(a dulling or deadening influence)
(反)damper ◆ ameliorator 抑制因素 ◆ 改进物
(记)来自damp(打湿,抑制)

dandy [] n.纨绔子弟,好打扮的人(a man who affects extreme elegance in clothes; a fop)

(类)dandy·preen=miser·hoard 纨绔子弟·打扮=吝啬鬼·储藏

dank [] adj. 阴湿的(unpleasantly moist or wet)
(类)dank·moisture=dappled·spot 阴湿的·潮湿=有斑点的·斑点(同义)
(记)与sank一起记,沉入水中把自己弄湿了。

dapper [] adj. 衣冠楚楚的;干净的(neat ,trim or smart in dress or demeanor)
(类)slovenly·dapper =indulgent·adherent
不修边幅的·衣冠楚楚的=放纵的·信徒的(反面特征)
(反)dapper ◆ frowsyunkemptslovenly 干净的 ◆ 肮脏的不整洁的邋遢的

dappled [] adj. 有斑点的,花的
(类)dappled·spot=striated·groove有斑点的·小点=有条纹的·刻痕

daredevil [] n. 大胆的人,鲁莽的人(a recklessly bold person)
(类)daredevil·audacity =malcontent·dissatisfaction 大胆的人·大胆=不满者·不满意
prudence·daredevil=sagacity·simpleton 审慎·鲁莽的人=聪慧·笨蛋
(记)dare+devil(恶人) 大胆的恶人。

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21 蓝宝GRE笔考词汇突破核心词汇 蓝宝GRE笔考词汇突破核心词汇
21
dart [] vi. 疾驰,飞奔 n.标枪
(类)dart·missile=skiff·boat 标枪·发射物=小划艇·船(种属)
move·dart=descend·plummet 移动·疾驰=下降·飞速下坠
(记)谐音打他;联想用标枪打他。

dastard n. 懦夫(=craven)

daunt [] vt. 使胆怯,使畏缩 (to overcome with fear; intimidate)
(类)fearless·daunt=impassive·perturb 无畏的不会胆怯=冷漠的不会被打扰
dauntless·intimidate=irrepressible·restrain 大胆的·使害怕=抑制不住的·抑制
dauntless·trepidation=footloose·attachment 大胆的·害怕=自由的·附着 (反义)
(反)daunt ◆ emboldenmake resolutehearten 使胆怯 ◆ 使大胆使坚定鼓舞
dauntless ◆ craveneasily discouragedpusillanimousmeektrepidtimorous
大胆的 ◆ 胆小的容易气馁的胆怯的温和的惊恐的胆小的
undaunted ◆ cowed 无畏的 ◆ 胆怯的
(同)dismay, appall, horrify, shake

dawdle [] v.n. 游手好闲,虚度光阴(to waste by trifling;idle)
(反)hie ◆ dawdle 匆忙 ◆ 游手好闲
(同)lazy, loaf, loiter, loll, lounge

deactivate [  ] vt.解除动员, 使无效
deadpan [] adj.无表情的,冷漠的(wooden; impassive)
(类)deadpan·impassive=impudent·braze n=insightful·discerning
无表情的·冷漠的=厚颜无耻的·厚颜无耻的=富有洞察力的·有鉴别力的(同义)
(同)blank, empty, inexpressive, unexpressive, vacant

dearth [] n. 缺乏,粮食不足,饥谨(an inadequate supply)
(反)dearth ◆ plethoraspatecopiousness 缺乏 ◆ 过剩大量丰富

debacle [ ] n.崩溃,溃败(breaking up; downfall)
(反)debacle ◆ complete successéclat 溃败 ◆ 大成功

debark [] vt.使下船登陆, 卸载(to unload, as from a ship or an airplane)
(类)debark·ship=unload·truck 从船上卸载=从卡车上卸货

debase [] v.贬低,贬损(to reduce in quality value, or dignity)
(类)debase·status=chill·temperature 降低·地位=使变冷·温度
debase·value=constrict·diameter 贬低·价值=压缩·直径
(反)debased ◆ ennobled 出身低微的 ◆ 出身高贵的
debasement ◆ deification 贬低 ◆ 神化
(例)Vulgarly outrageous movies debase the taste of the people
庸俗的暴力电影,降低了人们的欣赏品位。

debilitate [] vt. 使衰弱(to make weak;enfeeble)
(类)debilitate·strength=attenuate·thickness 使衰弱·力量=拉薄·厚度
(反)debilitate ◆ invigoratefortify 使衰弱 ◆ 鼓舞加强
(同)weaken, attenuate, blunt, cripple, disable, sap
(记)bility(能力) 参考:ability 能力

debris [] n.碎片,残骸(the remains of something broken down or destroyed)
(类)debris·destroy=ash·burn残骸·破坏=灰烬·烧(前者由后者造成)

debunk [] v. 揭穿真面目,暴露(to expose the sham or falseness of)
(反)debunk ◆ perpetuate to shamunexposure 揭穿真面目 ◆ 永远的伪装隐藏
(记)bunk=bank 联想:使银行的真相暴露出来。

debut [] n.初次登场亮相 (a first public appearance)
(类)debut·career=embark·journey 初次登场是职业生涯的开始=上船是旅行的开始
(反)debut ◆ farewell performance 初次登场 ◆ 告别演出

decadence [] n. 衰落,颓废(the act or process of falling into decay)
(反)decadence ◆ wholesomeness 衰落 ◆ 健康
(记)参考decade 十年;联想经济规律经济增长十年就会进入衰退。

decant [] vt. 轻轻倒出(to pour liquor gently so as not to disturb the sediment)
(类)decantation·pour=subterfuge·deceive 倾注·灌注=托词·欺骗(后者程度强)
(记)can 罐头盒 联想由罐头盒中轻轻倒出。

decent [  ] adj. 象样的,得体的;高雅严肃的,正派的
(例)a decent salary. 一份相当不错的薪水

decentralize [] vt. 使分散,排除集中,使地方分权
(例)a decentralized state实施地方分权的国家

decibel [] n. 分贝(音量单位)
(类)decibel·loudness=light- year·distance 分贝·响度=光年·距离(事物及其衡量单位)

decipher [] vt.破解,解释(to decode ,as something written in cipher)
(类)decipher·hiero glyph=break·code(干扰:separate·component 分离·成分)
破解·象形文字=破解·密码(动宾关系)

decode [] vt. 解码,译解
(类)indecipherable·decoded =unmanageable·controlled 不可解的·破解的=难管的·可
控的
encoded·decode=tacit·infer 加密的需解码=暗示的需推断
(同)break, crack, cryptanalyze, decipher, decrypt

decorum [] n.礼仪(propriety and good taste in conduct or appearance)
(类)gaffe·decorum=miscalculation·judgment 失态·礼仪=错误的判断·裁判
(反)decorum ◆ impropriety 礼仪 ◆ 不适当
decorous ◆ mangyunseemly 有礼貌的 ◆ 低贱的不体面的
indecorous ◆ proper 不合礼节的 ◆ 适当的
(记)谐音:待客人 联想:待客人当然要有礼貌。

decrepit [] adj. 衰老的,破旧的(weakened by old age; worn out by long use)

(反)vigorous健壮的sturdy健壮的s ound健康的robust健壮的hale强壮的
(同)weak, feeble, fragile, frail, infirm, insubstantial, unsound

default [] n. & v. 拖欠(failure to act in meeting financial obligations)
(类)default·pay=yield·resist 拖欠·支付=屈服·坚持(反义)
(反)default ◆ fullfill an obligationpay one's debt 违约拖欠 ◆ 履行义务偿还债务

defer v.推迟,延期;听从
(类)arrogance·defer=lassitude·stir 傲慢·听从=疲乏·激起(难以关系)
(反)exigent ◆ deferrable 紧急的 ◆ 可延期的

deference [] n. 敬意,尊重(respectful regard)
(类)deference·authority=emulation·exemplar 尊重·权威=效法·榜样
reverent·deference=exemplary·imitation 虔诚的·尊重=可仿效的·模仿(因果)
defer·leader=admire·hero 尊重·领导=赞美·英雄(动宾)
deferential·offend=scornful·respect 恭敬的不会冒犯=轻蔑的不会尊敬
deferential·sycophant=frugal·penurious 恭敬的·奉承的=节俭的·吝啬的(褒贬)
(反)deferential ◆ imperiousimpudent 恭敬的 ◆ 专横的无礼的
deference ◆ contempt 尊重 ◆ 轻视
(同)honor, homage, obeisance, reverence
list 9 deficiency --------dilute
deficiency [] n. 缺乏,不足(insufficiency, an amount that is lacking or
inadequate)
(反)deficiency ◆ surfeit 缺乏 ◆ 过度
(同)deficit, inadequacy, insufficience, insufficiency, scantiness, shortage

defile [] n.(山间)小道 v. 弄污,弄脏
(类)defile·narrowness=precipice·steepness 小道·狭窄=悬崖·陡峭(正面特征)

definitive [  ] adj. 决定性的,最后的,确定的(most reliable or complete)

defoliant [] n. 脱叶剂, 落叶剂
(类)defoliants·leave=insecticide·insect 落叶剂·树叶=杀虫剂·虫
(记)参考foliage 树叶,植物

deforest [] vt.采伐森林,清除树林
(类)deforestation·tree=insecticide·insect 采伐森林·树木=除虫·虫

deft [] adj. 灵巧的,熟练的,敏捷的(skillful ,nimble ,facile)
(类)maladroit·deft=voluble·terse 笨拙的·灵巧的=滔滔不绝的·简短的
(反)deft ◆ awkwardmaladroitham-handed 灵巧的 ◆ 笨拙的笨拙的笨手笨脚的
(同)dexterous, adroit, clever, handy, neat- handed
(记)daft“愚蠢的” 变体。

defuse [] vt.抚慰,减轻(to make less dangerous or tense);去掉„的雷管
(反)defuse ◆ foment 抚慰 ◆ 煽动
(记)fuse 雷管,保险丝。De+fuse 去掉雷管

defy [] vt.公然反抗,违抗to resist boldly or openly
(反)defy ◆ acquiesceobey 违抗 ◆ 勉强同意尊从
(同)brave, challenge, dare, front, venture

degenerate [ ] adj.退化的v.退化
dehydrate [] vt. (使)脱水,(使)干燥(to remove water from)
(类)desiccated·dehydration=abraded·friction 脱水的·脱水=摩擦的·摩擦
dehydrate·water=fade·brightening= detoxify·poison
脱水·水=褪色·明亮=解毒·毒性(消除关系)
deh ydration·moisture=descent·altitude=desertification ·vegetation
脱水·潮湿=降落·高度=沙漠化·植被(消除关系)
(反)dehydrate ◆ reconstitutesature with water 脱水 ◆ 复原饱和水
(同)dry, desiccate, exsiccate, parch, sear

deify [] v.神化(to worship or revere as a god)
(反)deification ◆ debasement 神化 ◆ 贬低
deify ◆ watch with contempt 神化 ◆ 蔑视

deject [] vt. 使沮丧,使灰心(to make gloomy in spirits)adj.沮丧的
(类)hearten·dejection=mollify·anger 振作·沮丧=平息·生气(消除关系)
(反)deject ◆ gladden 使沮丧 ◆ 使高兴
dejected ◆ exultant 沮丧的 ◆ 欢跃的
(同)demoralize, dishearten, disparage, dispirit

deleterious [] adj.有害的,有毒的(injurious to healthy harmful)
(反)beneficial salutary salubrious wholesome有益的有益健康的
(同)damaging, injurious, mischievous, prejudicious
(记)来自delete 联想要被删除的当然是有害的。

deliberate [] adj.深思熟虑的(to think about decisions carefully)
(类)brash·deliberation=candor·subterfuge 仓促·深思熟虑=直率·托词(反义)
caprice·deliberation=impromptu·rehearsal 善变·深思熟虑=即席演出·排练(反义)
(反)hasty ◆ characterized by deliberation草率的 ◆ 深思熟虑的
impetuous ◆ deliberate冲动的 ◆ 审慎的
(同)advised, considered, designed, premeditated, studied, studious

delicacy [] n.精致(fineness);令人愉悦的事情(something delightful or
pleasing)
(类)chiaroscuro·contrast=filigree·delicacy 明暗配合·对比=复杂金银细丝工艺品·精致
(反)delicacy ◆ crudity 精致 ◆ 粗制
husky ◆ delicate 粗糙的 ◆ 精致的

delinquent [ ] n.失职者adj.失职的, 有过失的
delirium [] n.精神错乱,发狂(a mental disturbance)
(类)delirium·confusion=coma·unconsciousness 精神错乱·混乱=昏迷·无意识(同义)
(例)in a delirium of patriotic feeling 处于一种狂热的爱国激情

delusion [] n.错觉(an abnormal mental state)
(类)delusion·thought=hallucination·perception 错觉·想法=幻觉·感觉(前者是后者的
异常)
(反)transparent ◆ delusive 容易理解的 ◆ 迷惑的

deluge [] n.大洪水;豪雨(a great flood, inundation)
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(类)droplet·deluge=pebble·landslide 小水滴·大洪水=小圆石·山崩
rain·deluge=wind·hurricane 雨·豪雨=风·飓风
(反)deluge ◆ drizzle 豪雨 ◆ 毛毛雨
(记)参考:dilute 稀释,变淡

delve [] vt.&vi. 探究,查考(to make a careful or detailed search for information)
(类)delve·skim=scrutinize·gloss=quaff·sip 探究·浏览=细看·简短注释=痛饮·啜吸(程
度)

demagogue [] n. 煽动者,蛊惑民心的政客
(类)demagogue·instruct=shirk·malinger 煽动者·指示=逃避者·逃避工作(正面特征)
(记)dem 人民 参考:democracy 民主 demography 人口统计学demotic 大众的

demanding [] adj. 过分要求的,苛求的(making difficult or excessive demands)
(类)demanding·satisfactory= closed-mind·sway【干扰:adulterate·pristine掺杂的不纯净】
苛求的·满意=死心塌地的·动摇(难以关系)
(同)burdensome, exacting, exigent, grievous, oppressive, taxing

demean [  ] vt. 贬低身份
demise [ ] n. 死亡(death)
(例)Upon the demise of the dictator,a bitter dispute about succession to power developed.

demolition [] n. 破坏,毁坏(destruction by explosives)
(类)rehabilitate·demolition=recycle·disposal 复原·破坏=再利用·处理(反义)
(记)moli谐音毛利;联想毛利人的文明被殖民者所破坏。

demonstrate [] v.论证,证明(to prove or make clear by reasoning or evidence)
(反)demonstrable ◆ unable to prove 可论证的 ◆ 不能证明的

demoralize [] vt. 使道德颓废;使堕落;挫折锐气
(反)demoralize ◆ invigorate cheer 士气受挫 ◆ 鼓舞(干扰:ameliorate 改善)
(记)moral 道德
(同)chill, deject, dishearten, disparage, dispirit

demotic [] adj.通俗的,大众化的(popular)
(反)demotic ◆ profound 通俗的 ◆ 深刻的

demur [] v.表示异议,反对(to make objection ,esp. on the grounds of scruples)
(类)demur·objection=praise·approbation 提出异议·反对=赞美·嘉许
demur·qualms=waver·irresoluteness 表示异议·疑虑=踌躇·犹豫不决
(反)demur ◆ acceptaccede 表示异议 ◆ 接受同意
(同)balk, boggle, scruple,stickle, stumble

denigrate [] vt.玷污,诋毁(to cast aspersions on·disparage)
(反)denigrate ◆ honor 诋毁 ◆ 尊敬
(记)nigr(黑)参考:Nigro 黑人
(同)malign, asperse, calumniate, defame, slander, vilify

denouement [] n.(小说的)结尾,结局
(类)joke·punch line=plot·denouement 笑话·妙语=情节·结局
【注:punch line·the statement (as in a joke) that makes the point.
就是相声或笑话中抖响包袱的那句话,和小说结局一样使悬念解开。】

denounce [] v. 公开指责,揭发(to condemn or censure openly or publicly)
(类)admonish·denounce=punish·pillory 警告·公开指责=惩罚·公开嘲弄(正常·公开)
denunciation·denial=castigation·reproof 驳斥·否定=苛责·谴责
(反)denounce ◆ bracecondone 指责 ◆ 支持宽恕
denunciation ◆ accoladeeulogypanegyric 谴责 ◆ 赞扬赞词赞扬
(同)criticize, blame, censure, condemn, denunciate, reprehend, reprobate

dent [] n.凹,凹痕 (a depression made by pressure)
(反)dent ◆ convex 凹陷 ◆ 凸起

denture [] n.假牙
(类)denture·teeth=toupee·hair 假牙·牙齿=假发·头发

denude [] v.脱去,剥蚀,剥夺(to strip of all covering or surface layers; bare)

(反)denude ◆ cover 脱去 ◆ 遮蔽
(同)strip, disrobe, unclothe, undress

depict [  ] vt. 图示,描述,描写
deplete [] vt. 耗尽,使衰竭(to lessen markedly in content, power, or value)

(反)enrich ◆ deplete 使富有 ◆ 耗尽
(记)plete 满 参考:complete 完成 replete 充满的
(同)bankrupt, drain, draw, exhaust, impoverish, use up
(例)an epidemic which depletes an army of manpower一场流行病耗尽了军队的有生力量。

deplore [] vt.深表遗憾(regret);反对(to consider deserving of deprecation)
(反)accoladeextollaudcommendapplaud赞美
(例)Although I deplore the vulgarity of your language, I defend your right to express yourself
freely.虽然我对你粗俗的言语深表遗憾,但是我维护你说话的权利。
(记)参考 Implore 恳求,哀求

deploy []v.展开(有策略性的);调度(to spread out strategically)
(反)deploy ◆ concentrate 展开 ◆ 集中
(记)ploy 用 参考:employ 雇用

deportation [] n. 驱逐,放逐(the removal from a country of an alien)
(类)deporta tion·country=eviction·dwelling=expel·school
驱逐·国家=逐出·住处=开除·学校
(记)port 运 参考:import 进口 portable便携的 deport comport举止,风度

depose [] vt.作证(to testify to under oath or by affidavit);免职
(反)perjure ◆ depose 作伪证 ◆ 作证
(同)affirm, aver, constate, declare, predicate, protest

deposit [] vt.沉淀 n.沉淀,押金(to put or set down; place)
(反)deposit ◆ process of eroding 沉淀 ◆ 腐蚀过程

depravity [] n. 堕落,腐败,邪恶(a corrupt act or practice)
(类)doldrums·energy=depravity·virtue 消沉·精力=堕落·品德(前者缺乏后者)
(同)vice, corruption, immorality, wickedness

deprecate [] vt. 不赞成,贬低(to express earnest disapproval of)
(类)deprecate·value=restrict·diameter 贬低·价值=限定·直径
(反)extol 赞美vaunt 自夸endorse 赞成
(同)disaprove, discommend, discountenance, disesteem, disfavor, object

depreciate [] v. 贬低,贬值(to lower the price or estimated value of)

(类)self depreciate·swagger=fawn·hauteur(imperiousness) 自贬·吹嘘=奉承·傲慢
depreciation·valuable=ossification·flexible 贬值·有价值的=僵化·灵活的
(同)cheapen, devalorize, devaluate;decry,belittle, discount

depressant [] adj. 有镇静作用的n. 镇静剂
(类)depressant·mood 镇静剂·不好的情绪(消除)

depressed adj. 沮丧的(low in spirits:sad;especially:affected by psychological depression)
(类)despondent· depressed=expert· skilled 意气消沉的·沮丧的 = 熟练的·熟练的(同义)

deprivation n. 剥夺(the state of being deprived)损失,匮乏(privation)
(反)deprivation ◆ fecundity 损失,匮乏 ◆ 丰饶(干扰:surfeit过量)
(记)de(使失去)+ privat(=private私有的)→使私有财产失去→剥夺

deracinate [] vt. 根除,灭绝 (uproot)
(反)deracinate ◆ plant 根除 ◆ 种植
(记)de(使„离开)+race(=root根)→根除 参考:radical 根本的

derangement n. 精神错乱, 发狂
derelict [] adj. 玩忽职守的 n.被遗弃的人
(类)stickler·d erelict=poseur·unaffected一丝不苟者·玩忽职守的=装模做样者·自然的
(反)derelict ◆ extremely careful 玩忽职守的 ◆ 特别仔细的
derelict ◆ pillar of society 被遗弃的人 ◆ 国之栋梁
(记)de(使)+ relict(残余物)→使成残余物→遗弃→被遗弃的人;另外→弃之不管→玩忽职

参考:relic 残迹 relinquish放弃

deride [] vt. 嘲弄,嘲笑(to laugh at in scorn or contempt; mock)
(类)deride·mockery=patronize·condescension 嘲笑·嘲笑=屈尊俯就·屈尊俯就(同义)
sneer·derision=smirk·smugness 讥笑·嘲笑=假笑·装模做样(前者表达后者)
gibe·derision=condolence ·sympathy(compassion)=apologize·regret
嘲笑·嘲笑=哀悼·同情=道歉·忏悔(前者表达后者)
(反)deride ◆ praise 嘲笑 ◆ 赞美
derision ◆ veneration 嘲笑 ◆ 尊敬
(同)ridicule, lout, mock, razz, scout, taunt

derivative [] adj. 派生的,无创意的(lacking originality·banal)
(反)derivative ◆ originalprecursoryinnovative 无创意的 ◆ 原创的先驱的创新的

derogate [  ] v. 贬损,毁损,诽谤
descend [] v. 降落 (to pass from a higher place or level to a lower one)
(类)descend·altitude=dehydrate·moisture 降落·高度=脱水·潮湿 (前者消除后者)

descendant [] n.后代,后裔(one deriving directly from a precursor or prototype)

(反)descendants ◆ forbears 后代 ◆ 祖先
(同)offspring, brood, children, posterity, progeny, scions

descry [ ] vt.察看, 发现, 远远看到
deseam vt. 除去表面上之缺陷
(记)seam 除了有缝合,焊接的意思,还有缝合后留下伤痕的意思。

desecrate [] vt.亵渎,污辱(to treat with sacrilege;profane)
(反)desecrate ◆ sanctifyreverehallow 亵渎 ◆ 尊敬尊敬视为神圣

desiccate [] vt. 使干,干贮(to preserve(a food)by drying·dehydrate)
(类)desiccant·dry=caustic·eat away 使干燥的·干燥=腐蚀性的·侵蚀
desiccant·moisture=cleanser·d irt=deceleration·velocity
干燥剂·潮湿=清洁剂·脏=减速·速度(前者消除后者)
(反)desiccate ◆ add water to加水drench湿透 hydrate与水化合

designate [] vt.任命,命名(entitle)
(类)appellation·designate= foreword·introductory 称呼用来命名=前言用来介绍

desperate [ ] adj. 绝望的;危急的;极严重的;极强烈的

despicable [] adj. 可鄙的,卑劣的
(类)despicable·contempt=reprehensible·censure 可鄙的·鄙视=应受斥责的·斥责
despicable·scorn=venerable·reverence 可鄙的·轻视=值得尊敬的·尊敬
despicable·valuable=mulish·flexible 卑劣的·有价值的=顽固的·灵活的(反义)
(同)contemptible, cheap, despisable, mean, pitiable, scurvy, shabby

despise [] vt.轻视(to regard with contempt or aversion;scorn)厌恶(to hate)
(反)despise ◆ venerate 蔑视 ◆ 尊敬
(同)abhor, contemn, disdain, scorn, scout

despotic [] adj.专制的,暴虐的(arbitrary, autocratic, monocratic, tyrannical)
(类)despotic·tyranny=generous·liberality 暴虐的·暴政=慷慨的·慷慨大方
(派)despot暴君 despotism专制

dessert [] n. 餐后甜点
(类)dess ert·meal=epilogue·play=coda·sonata餐后甜点·一餐=收场白·戏剧=尾 声·奏
鸣曲

desuetude [  ] n. 废止, 不用(cessation of use; disuse)
desultory [] adj.散漫的,不连贯的,断断续续的(lacking in consistency or
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order)
(类)desultory·plan=languid·energy=fa cile·profundity
散漫的·计划=疲倦的·精力=容易的·深刻(前者缺乏后者)
(反)carefully planned 精心计划的 strictly methodical 有系统的assiduous 勤勉的
(同)random, aimless, casual, haphazard, indiscriminate, unconsidered, unplanned

detach [] vt. 分离(unfasten or separate);派遣(to sent on a special mission)
(反)tether ◆ detach 束缚 ◆ 分离

detachment n. 超然公正,不偏不倚
detain [] v. 拘留(to keep under restraint);阻止(to keep from processing)
(反)detain ◆ manumit 拘留 ◆ 释放

deter vt. 制止,威慑
(类)intrepid·deter=rapt·distract 无畏的难以威慑=全神贯注的难以分心
(反)deter ◆ spur 制止 ◆ 激励
deterrent ◆ inducementincentive 制止 ◆ 引诱刺激

detergent [  ] n.清洁剂, 去污剂

deterioration [] n.恶化;堕落
(类)deterioration ◆ improvementamelioration 恶化 ◆ 改进改善

detour [] vi.绕路而行(to avoid by going around bypass)
(类)detour·route=digress·topic 绕路而行·路线=偏题·主题

detoxification [] n. 解毒
(类)detoxification·poison=neutralization·acid 解毒·毒性=中和·酸性

detract [] v. 减去,贬低(to take away a part ,as from value or reputation)
(反)detract ◆ extol 谴责 ◆ 赞美
(同)decry, belittle, depreciate, diminish, discount, disparage, dispraise

detrimental [ ] adj. 有害的,不利的(obviously harmful)
detritus [] n. 废品(a product of disintegration, destruction);废墟
(反)detritus ◆ valuable product 废品 ◆ 有用的物品

devastate [ ] v. 破坏,蹂躏;压倒,使垮掉
devoid [  ] adj. 毫无的,没有的(与of连用)
(例)a criminal utterly devoid of conscience丧近天良的罪犯
A well devoid of water is useless. 无水的井没有用途。

devoted [] adj. 投入的,深爱的,忠诚的
(类)devoted·zealous=careful·fastidious 深爱的·热情的=细心的·仔细注意的 ()
fanatic·devoted=prude·proper 极端的狂热者·投入的=过分正经的·合乎礼教(程度)
devotional·reverence=elegiac·sorrow 虔诚的·尊敬=挽歌的·悲痛(同义)

devout [] adj. 虔诚的(devoted to religion)
(类)religion·devout=canon·orthodoxy 宗教·虔诚的=正典·正统的(后者尊崇前者)
(反)impiety ◆ devoutness 不虔诚 ◆ 虔诚
(同)godly, holy, pious, prayerful, religious

dew [] n. 露水
(类)dew·condensation=rust·corrosion 露水·冷凝=锈·腐蚀(前者由后者形成)

dexterous [] adj.心灵手巧的(skillful and competent with the hands)
(类)dexterous·manipulate=prescient·predict 灵巧的·灵巧的操作=预见性的·预言
(同)adroit, clever, deft, handy, neat-handed, nimble

diabolic [] adj.恶魔一般的(devilish; fiendish)
(反)diabolic ◆ benefic 魔鬼一般的 ◆ 慈善的
diabolical ◆ seraphic 魔鬼一般的 ◆ 天使一般的

diaphanous [] adj.精致的,几乎透明的;模糊的,非实在的(vague or insubstantial)
(反)diaphanous ◆ opaque impermeable of light 几乎透明的 ◆ 不透明的实质的不透光的
diaphanous ◆ substantial 非实在的 ◆ 物质的,实在的
(同)filmy, gauzy, gossamer, sheer, transparent

diatribe [] n.抨击性演说 (a abusive denunciation ,criticism or writing )
(类)diatribe·abuse= declamation·grandiloquence 抨击·辱骂=雄辨·豪言壮语(种属)
diatribe·discourse=lullaby·song 抨击性演说·演说=摇篮曲·歌曲(种属)
(反)diatribe ◆ encomium laudatory piece of writing 抨击 ◆ 赞美赞赏作品

dichotomy [ ] n. 两分, 二分法, 分裂
(记)dicho(二)+tom(切割)

dictate [  ] v. 口述;支配,命令(dictator独裁者)

didactic [] adj.教诲的、说教的(intended for instruction moralizing or preaching)
(类)didac tic·teach=hortatory·urge=comic·amuse=fantastic·ama ze(干扰:
generous·liberality)
教诲的·教育=激励的·激励=喜剧的·使发笑=奇异古怪的·使惊异(目的)
(同)moral, moralizing, preachy, schoolmasterish, teachy
(例)His speech to the new freshmen was painfully didactic.
他的演说对于新人来说是一种痛苦的说教。

die [] v.模具
(类)die·shaping=drill·boring =reel·winding 模具·成形=钻子·钻孔=线轴·缠绕

diehard [] n.死硬分子(person who vigorously resists change)
(类)diehard·budge=vagary·predict 死硬分子·动摇=奇特行为·预知(难以关系)

diffident [] adj. 不自信的,羞怯的(hesitant through lack of self-confidence)
(反)brassy brazen 厚颜无耻的nervy 勇敢的bold 大胆的 expansive健谈的
(同)shy, bashful, coy, demure, modest, self-effacing, timid, unassertive, unassured
(记)dif(表否定)+ fid (相信)→不相信自己的,羞怯的 参考:confidence 自信,秘密

diffuse [] adj.罗嗦的,冗长的(being at once verbose and ill- organized)
(类)aphorism·diffuse=euphemism·offensive 箴言·罗嗦的=委婉·冒犯性的
(反)diffuse ◆ succinct 罗嗦的 ◆ 简洁的
(同)redundant, verbose, windy , wordy,long- winded, prolix

digit [] n. 手指或脚趾(a human finger or toe)数字
(类)finger·digit=fang·tooth 手指·手指或脚趾=尖牙·牙(前者属于后者)
(记)美国人数学差,掰着手指和脚趾数数字

digress [] v. 离题(to turn aside especially from the main subject)
(类)digress·excursive=reiterate·redundant 离题·离题的=重申·累赘的
digressive·topic=stray·group=random·pattern =aberrant·standardt=circuitous·route
离题的·主题=迷路的·人群=随机的·样式=异常的·标准=迂回的·路线(前者偏离后
者)
aside·digression=summary·excerpt 偏离·离题=摘要·摘录(同义)
(同)depart, divagate, diverge, excurse, ramble, stray, wander
(记)di+gress 走→走到一边去 离题 参考:congress 议会(记:走到一起开会)

dilapidate [] v. (使)毁坏(to fallen into of decay or partial ruin)
(反)dilapidated ◆ still in use restored 荒废的 ◆ 还在使用 恢复使用的
(同)ruin, bankrupt, shipwreck, wreck
(记)di(=dis 分开)+lapid 石头→石头被分开→使毁坏 参考:lapidary 宝石商

dilate [] vt. 使膨胀,使扩大 (to enlarge or expand in bulk or extent)
(反)dilate ◆ contract narrow 使膨胀 ◆ 收缩使变狭窄
(记)di(=dis 分开)+late(=wide 放大)→放大,膨胀

dilatory [] adj. 拖拉的,不慌不忙的(tending to delay or procrastination)
(类)dilatory·procrastinate=malcontent·complain 拖延的·拖拉=不满的·抱怨(同义)
(反)dilatory ◆ precipitate 拖拉的 ◆ 轻率的
dilatoriness ◆ alacrity 拖拉 ◆ 敏捷

(同)leisurely, unhasty, unhurried, slow, deliberate, laggard

dilemma [  ] n.进退两难的局面
dilettante [] n. 业余爱好者(dabbler)
(类)dilettante·superficiality=partisan·bias 业余爱好者·肤浅=党派支持者·偏见(正面特征)
(同)nonprofessional, smatterer, tyro, uninitiate
(记)dilet=(delight 高兴)联想:凭兴趣做事的人→业余爱好者

diligent [] adj. 勤勉的,辛勤的(constant and earnest in effort and application)
(类)diligent·effort=malign·ill will 勤勉的·努力=有害的·恶意(正面特征)
diligence·effort=satire·lampoon 勤奋·努力=讽刺·讽刺文(正面特征)
(反)procrastination ◆ diligence 拖拉 ◆ 勤勉
(同)asiduous, industrious, sedulous

dilute [] v. 稀释(to diminish the strength, flavor, or brilliance of by admixture)
(类)dilute·concentration=slacken·tautness 稀释·浓度=松弛·紧张(动宾关系)
(记)di(=dis 分开)+lute(=wash冲洗)→冲洗达到稀释
list 10 dim -----dolt
dim v. 使暗淡,使模糊,使失去光泽
dimension [] n. 尺寸;维度
(类)congruent ·dimension=coeval·age全等的·尺寸=同时代的·时代(形容词及其相关对
象)
measure·dimensions=calibrate·diameter量·尺寸=确定口径 ·直径(动词及其作用对
象)

diminish [] v. 减少(to make or become smaller ,less, or less important)
(反)diminish ◆ increaseescalate 减少 ◆ 增加增大

din [] n. 喧闹声,嘈杂声(a loud continued noise)
(类)din·ear =stench·nose 嘈杂声·耳朵=恶臭·鼻子
(反)din ◆ hush silence 喧闹声 ◆ 安静安静
(同)hubbub, pandemonium, tumult, uproar

dingy [] adj. 肮脏的,暗黑褪色的(a dark, dull ,or dirty color)
(类)dingy·glisten=slippery·adhere 暗黑的不反光=滑溜的不粘附
【注:coarse·polish 为错误选项。粗糙的·磨光 不是反面特征关系,如果换成光滑或者精致
就对
了粗糙的不光滑,不精致】

diocesan [] adj. 主教管区的(a bishop having jurisdiction over a diocese)
(反)diocesan ◆ ecumenical 教区的 ◆ 全世界的

diplomatic [] adj.外交的(of or engaged in diplomacy);老练的(tactful or suave)
(类)diplomatic·tact=genial·bonhomie 有策略的·机智=温和的·温和
diplomat·tact=inventor·ingenuity 外交家·机智=发明家·独创性

dire [] adj.悲惨的,阴惨的(dismal,oppressive);可怕的
(反)dire ◆ pleasant悲惨的 ◆ 快乐的

dirge [] n. 挽歌(a song or hymn of grief or lamentation)
(类)dirge·music=elegy·poetry 挽歌·音乐=悲歌·诗情(种属)
dirge·grief=paean·praise 挽歌·忧伤=赞美歌·赞美

disabuse [] v.使省悟,纠正 (to free from error, fallacy, or misconception)
(类)disabuse· fallacy=cure·disease=rehabilitate·addiction=loose· confinement
纠正·错误=治疗·疾病=使复原·沉溺=放松·限制(前者消除后者)
(反)disabuse ◆ lead into error mislead 纠正 ◆ 导致错误误导

disaffected [] adj.不满的,叛离的(discontented especially against authority)
(类)disaffected·contentment=dubi ous·commitment(conviction) =anxious·serenity
不满的·满足=可疑的·托付(确信)=担忧的·平静(形名反义)
disaffected·rebel=officious·meddle 叛离的·造反=多管闲事的·干涉(正面特征)
(反)disaffected ◆ contented win over beloved 不满的 ◆ 满足的争取过来的
disaffected ◆ beloved 叛离的 ◆ 深爱的
disaffect ◆ mollify 使敌对 ◆ 平息

disarm [] vi.解除武装,缓和,消除敌意(to deprive of reason to be hostile)
(反)disarm ◆ put on guard 解除武装 ◆ 全副武装
bait ◆ disarm 使恼火 ◆ 消除疑虑敌意
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disarray [] . 杂乱,混乱(to throw into disorder, confusion)
(类)shipshape·disarray=squalid·cleanliness 井然有序的·杂乱=肮脏的·干净

disavow [] vt. 否认,抵赖,不想承担责任(to disclaim responsibility for)
(反)disavow ◆ affirm 否认 ◆ 承认
disavowal ◆ admissionacknowledgement 否认 ◆ 允许承认
(同)disclaim, deny, disallow, repudiate

discern []v.辨别(to recognize or identify as separate and distinct ,discriminate) < br>(类)discern·acute=believe·gullible辨别·敏锐的=相信·过分相信 的(后者过分前者)
insight·discerning=caprice·whimsical 洞察力·有洞察力的=任性·反复无常的(同义)
perspicacious·discernin g=ravishing·attractive敏锐的·辨别的=销魂的·吸引人的(程
度)
discernable·obvious(manifest)=audible·stentorian =palatable·savory
可辨别的·明显的=可听见的·洪亮的=可口的·风味极佳的(程度)
(反)discernment ◆ lack of insight 识别力 ◆ 缺乏洞察力
acumen ◆ unable to discern 敏锐的 ◆ 不能辨别的
myopic ◆ discerning 短视,缺乏辨别力 ◆ 有辨别力的

discharge [] vt.解雇(to dismiss from employment)
(反)discharge ◆ hire 解雇 ◆ 雇佣

disciple [] n.信徒,门徒
(类)disciple·follow=apologist·defend 信徒·追随=辩护者·辩护(正面特征)

discombobulate [] v.使混乱,使仓惶失措(to confuse or disconcert)
(类)discombobulated·order=erratic·consistency 混乱的·秩序=游移的·连续(前缺乏
后)
(反)discombobulate ◆ compose 使混乱 ◆ 使安定

discomfit [] v. 使窘迫;使沮丧 (to confuse and deject)
(类)discomfit·blush=contempt·sneer 使窘迫·脸红=鄙视·讥笑(后者体现前者)
(反)discomfit ◆ mollify 使窘迫 ◆ 平息

discommode [] v. 使不便;打扰(to cause inconvenience to;trouble )
(反)convenience方便 pacificate easemollify 安抚assist帮助oblige施恩惠

discompose [] vt. 使不安,使烦乱(to destroy the composure of)
(类)discompose·pacific=fabricate· authentic=engage·tedious
使不安·平静的=捏造·真实的=使忙碌·单调乏味的(消除关系)
discompose·placid=fabricate·ingenuous 使不安·平静的=编造·坦白的(消除关系)
(反)discompose ◆ pacificate 使不安 ◆ 使镇静
(同)agitate, bother, discombobulate, dismay, disquiet, disturb, upset
(例)discomposed by the rudeness of his friend他被朋友的粗鲁弄的心烦意乱。

disconcert [] vt. 使困惑,使不安(to disturb the self- possession of ,perturb)
(反)disconcert ◆ placate 使仓皇失措 ◆ 安抚
(同)embarrass, abash, confound, confuse, discomfit, discountenance, faze

discord [] n. 不和谐(lack of agreement or harmony)
(类)discordant·sound=anachronistic·time 声音不和谐的·声音=时代错误的·时代
(反)discord ◆ harmony 声音不和谐的 ◆ 和谐的
(同)conflict, contention, difference, disharmony, dissension, dissent
(例)a household full of turmoil and discord 充满混乱和不和谐的家庭

discredit [] v. 羞辱(to injure the reputation)
(类)invective·discredit=exhortation·motivate 辱骂·羞辱=劝诫性的讲话·推动(行为及目
的)
discredit·reputation=injure·well-being 羞辱·名誉=损害·健康(前者破坏后者)

discreet [  ] adj.小心的, 慎重的, 贤明的(circumspect)
discrepancy [] n.差异,矛盾(divergence or disagreement)
(反)discrepancy ◆ converge concord 差异 ◆ 汇聚和睦
discrepant ◆ consonant 不一致的 ◆ 协调一致的

discrete [] adj. 分离的,不连续的(apart or detached from others)
(类)discrete·overlap=infinite·exhaust 离散的不会重叠=无穷无尽的不会彻底耗尽
(反)discrete ◆ continuous 不连续的 ◆ 连续的
(同)distinct, different, diverse, separate

discretion []n.慎重(circumspection);判断力(ability to make responsible
decisions)
(类)brash·discretion=frivolous·gravity 轻率鲁莽的·慎重=无关紧要的·重大
foolish·discretion=impecunious·money 愚蠢的·判断力=没钱的·钱(前者缺乏后者)
indiscretion·convention=overdose·prescription
行为不检点·规矩习俗=过量用药·药方(前者违背后者)

discretionary [] adj.随意的,自主决定的(exercised at one's own discretion)
(反)obligatory mandatory强制性的 preordain命中注定的

discriminate [] v. 区别,差别对待(to note a difference)
(类)epicure·discr iminating=spectator·watching=sentinel·watchful
讲究饮食的人·有鉴赏力的=旁观者·观察的=哨兵·警惕的
discriminate·difference=liken·similarity 区别·不同=比拟·相似之处(前者寻找后者)
(反)equitable ◆ discriminatory 公平的 ◆ 差别对待的
(同)difference, differentiate, discern, distinguish

discursive [] adj. 散漫的,无主题的(moving from topic to topic without aim)
(反)keen on title关注主题的 succinct简明扼要的concentrated集中的

disdain [] v. 轻视,鄙视(treat with scorn or contempt)
(类)snub·disdain=double- cross·disloyalty 冷落·鄙视=叛变·不忠诚(前者体现后者)
(反)disdain ◆ treat favorablyadulation 轻视 ◆ 亲切地对待谄媚
(同)dispise, abhor, contemn, look down, scorn, scout

disengage [] vt. 解开,分开(uncouple; separate; disconnect)
(反)disengage ◆ mesh 分开 ◆ 啮合 【注:engage=mesh 都是机械用语,啮合。】
(同)unbind, undo, unfasten, unfix, unloosen
(派) disengaged 自由的,闲散的

disgorge [] v. 吐出(surrender something),呕出(vomit)
(反)disgorge ◆ swallow 吞下ingest咽下
(例)Unwilling to disgorge the cash he had stolen , the embezzler tried to run away.
不愿吐出窃来的钱,这个贪污犯想逃走。

disgruntle [] vt. 使不满意(make discontented)
(反)disgruntle ◆ refresh 使不满意 ◆ 使精神振奋
disgruntled ◆ contented 不满意的 ◆ 满足的

disguise [] v.伪装,掩饰(to furnish with a false appearance or an assumed identity)
(类)di sguise·identification=camouflage·detection 假装·鉴定=伪装·察觉(防止)
disguise·recognition=padding·damage 假扮·认出=垫料·损害(前者防止后者)
(同)camouflage, dissemble, dissimulate, mask
(例)disguised herself with a wig 用假发伪装自己。

disillusion [  ] n. 梦想破灭,醒悟(to free or deprive of illusion)
(例)He disillusioned his fans by his sloppy play.
他草率的表演使他的崇拜者大失所望。

disinclination [] n. 不起劲,不感兴趣,厌恶(slight aversion)
(类)aversion·disi nclination=adulation·admiration 强烈的厌恶·厌恶=谄媚·赞美(前者
过分)
(反)disinclination ◆ leaningproclivity bent 厌恶 ◆ 爱好倾向
loquacity ◆ disinclination to speak 多舌 ◆ 不愿说话
(同)dislike, aversion, disfavor, displeasure, dissatisfaction, indisposition

disinfect [] vt. 消毒(to free from infection)
(类)antiseptic·disinfect=oil·lubricate 抗菌剂·杀菌=油·润滑
aseptic·disinfection=anesthetic·numbness 防腐剂·消毒=麻醉剂·麻木
(记)infect 感染,传染

disjointed [] adj.脱节的;杂乱的
(类)disjointed·coherence=banal·originality 杂乱的·一致=陈腐的·新颖(缺乏关系)
(反)disjointed ◆ orderly 杂乱的 ◆ 整齐的
(同)incoherent, disconnected, discontinuous, disordered, inchoate, incohesive

disinter [ ] v.掘出
(反)disinter ◆ bury 掘出 ◆ 埋葬
(同)exhume, disinhume, exhumate, unbury

disinterested [] adj. 无偏见的(free from selfish motive or interest;unbiased)
(类)disinterested·partisanship=venal·probity 公平的·党派偏见=贪污的·正直
(反)factional ◆ disinterested 派系的 ◆ 无偏见的
iniquity ◆ disinterestedness 极不公正 ◆ 无偏见

disjunctive [] adj.可分的,分离性的,分隔的(marked by breaks or disunity)
(类)disjunctive·unity=nominal·significance 分离的不统一=有名无实的不重要

dismantle [] vt. 拆除...的设备,分解(to take to pieces)
(类)dismantle·unity=adulterate·pristine 拆除·整体=掺假·纯净(前者消除后者)

dismay [ ] n.沮丧,惊慌v.使沮丧,使惊慌
(反)dismay ◆ hearten 沮丧 ◆ 振作鼓舞
(同)discompose , agitate, bother, disquiet, disturb,fluster, perturb, upset
(例)dismayed by the task that lay ahead 被摆在面前的工作弄得很沮丧。

disparage [] v. 贬低,轻视(belittle)
(类)disparage·ignore=scorn·reject 轻视·忽视=轻蔑·拒绝(褒贬)
(反)aggrandize夸大champion拥护extol 赞扬kudos荣誉revere尊敬adulate奉承
(例)Do not disparage anyone's contribution. 不要贬低任何人的贡献。
(记)parage 来自 peer(贵族,同辈)dis 表示去除→取消贵族资格→贬低,轻视

disparate [] adj. 迥然不同的(basically different);不相关的(unrelated)
(反)disparate ◆ analogous like similar 不同的 ◆ 类似的相似的相似的
diaparate ◆ homogeneous 不相关的 ◆ 同类的
(记)parate 来自pare 准备,预备,如prepare;dis 分开→分开准备的→不相关的,全异的

dispassionate [] adj.冷静的(calm);公正的(impartial)
(反)dispassionate ◆ responsive 冷静的 ◆ 反应迅速的
dispassionate ◆ partial biased 公正的 ◆ 偏袒的偏袒的
(同)neutral, colorless, detached, disinterested, impersonal, unpassioned
(记)passion 激情,热情 参考:compassion 同情,怜悯

dispatch [] n. 迅捷(speedy action) v. 派遣,一下做完
(反)dispatch ◆ leisureliness 迅速 ◆ 悠然
(记)这个词与patch 碎片没有任何关系;记时与package 包裹一起联想:快速分发包裹,快
件。

dispose [] vt. 使倾向(incline)vi.处理掉(与of连用)
(类)recycle·disposal=rehabilitate·demolition 重复利用·处理掉=修复·摧毁破坏(反义)
(反)disposed ◆ disinclined 有倾向的 ◆ 无倾向的
(记)pose 词义摆姿势;作为词根的意思是安排,布置→dispose 处置
(例)The low salary did not dispose him to accept the position. 低薪使他不想接受这项工作。
Man proposes. God disposes. 谋事在人,成事在天。(这里dispose是处理、安排的意思)
(派)disposed 愿意的,倾向干的;disposal n. 清除,处理

disregard [] v.不重视,漠视
(类)flout·disregard=taunt·challenge 愚弄嘲笑·漠视=嘲弄·公然挑战(前者表达后者)
(反)disregard ◆ nurture 漠视 ◆ 培育
(同)neglect, discount, forget, ignore, overlook, overpass, slight
(记)regard 重视,尊敬

disrupt [] vt. 使分裂(to break apart);扰乱,打断(to disturb or interrupt)
(类)saboteur·disrupt=apologist·defend 蓄意破坏者·打断破坏=辩解者·辩护
(记)rupt 断裂 参考:rupture 破裂

dissect [] . 解剖,切成碎片(to cut apart to examine the structure)
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(类)specimen·dissect=sentence·parse 样本·仔细剖析=句 子·语法分析(后者分析前(类)rapt·distract=intrepid·deter 全心投入的·分心=无畏的·威吓
者) (反)rapt ◆ distracted 全心投入的 ◆ 分心的
(记)sect 宗派,部分,段 与sequ(跟随)同源;dis(分开)+ sect(部分)→解剖,切碎 (记)tract 拉 参考:contract 合同 tractor 拖拉机 retract 缩回

dissemble [] v. 用假象隐藏真相、掩饰;假装(to put on a false appearance) distraught [] adj. 心神狂乱的,极其烦恼的(bewildered)
(类)dissemble·honesty=snub·politeness 掩饰·诚实=冷落怠慢·礼貌(前者缺乏后者) (类)troubled·distraught=covetous·rapacious 扰乱的·极其烦恼的=渴望的·贪婪的(程
dissemble·information=masquerade·feeling 隐藏·信息事实=伪装·感情 度)
ingenuous·dissemble=raffish·preen=polite·snub (反)distraught ◆ composed 心神狂乱的 ◆ 镇静的
坦白的不掩饰=粗俗的不打扮=有礼貌的不怠慢 (同)distracted, distrait, distressed, harassed, troubled, worried
(反)dissemble ◆ behave honestly 隐藏 ◆ 诚实 (记)distract 的过去分词
dissembling ◆ candid 隐藏的 ◆ 坦白的
(同)camouflage, cloak, dissimulate, dress up, mask ditty [] n. 小调,小曲(an especially simple and unaffected song)
(记)semble 相像,真相 与simulate(模仿,假装)同源;dis 消除→使不象→隐藏真相,假(类)fable·tale=ditty·song 寓言(通常短小的故事)·故事=小曲·歌曲(种属)
装 ditty·oratorio=anecdote·novel 小曲·清唱剧=轶事·小说(种属)
(记)来自dict 说,口头 联想:口头流传的→小调 参考:dictator 独裁者
disseminate [] vt. 广泛散播、传播(to scatter or spread widely)
( 类)disseminate·information=foment·discontentment 散步·信息=煽动·不满(动宾) diurnal [] adj. 白昼的,白天的(occurring in the daytime; daily)
(反)disseminate ◆ garner nucleate 散播 ◆ 储存聚集成核【注:garner v. 储存 n. 谷仓】 (类)diurnal ◆ nocturnal chiefly active at night 白昼的 ◆ 夜晚的在夜间活动的
(同)circulate, diffuse, disperse, distribute, propagate, radiate (记)di=day
(记)dis 分散+ seminate 播种→广泛散播 参考:seminal 种子的semen 精子,种子 
diverge [] vi. 分歧;岔开(vary; go in different directionsfrom the same point )
dissension [  ] n. 意见不合,纠纷,倾轧(strong disagreement or discord) (类)diverge·apart=traverse·across 分岔·分开地=横越·交叉(同义)
(反)concord ◆ dissension 一致和谐 ◆ 意见不合 ad-lib·impromptu=aside·divergent 即兴地·即席的=在旁边·分岔的(副词形容词同
(同)conflict, contention, difference, disaccord, dissidence 义)
(记)参考:dissent 不同意 assent 赞成,同意 consent 同意,赞成 (反)diverge ◆ come together 分歧 ◆ 一致
divergence ◆ unification confluence 分歧 ◆ 统一汇合
dissent [] vi. 持异议,不同意,不墨守成规(to differ in opinion or sentiment) (同)digress , depart, ramble, stray, wander;differ, disagree
(类)dissenter·orthodox=maverick·group 持异议者不正统=独来独往者不合群
(反)dissent ◆ conform 不同意 ◆ 使顺从 diversity [] n.差异;多样性
(同)disaccord, disagree, discord, divide, vary (反)diversity ◆ uniformity 多样性 ◆ 一致性
(记)sent 感觉→感觉不同,当然意见不一。参考:sentiment 感情 sensation 感觉,感情 (同)variety, diverseness, multiformity, multiplicity, variousness

dissident n.有不同意见者,持不同政见者(one who disagrees; a dissenter) divert [] vt.使转向(to turn from one course or use to another,deflect)
dissipate [] vt. 驱散(dispel);浪费(squander);放纵(to be dissolute) (类)divert·shunt=retard·brake 使转向·使车转向=减速·刹车(行为及其交通上的行为)
(类)husbandry·dissipate=alacrity·procrastinate 节约·浪费=敏捷·拖拉(反义)
dissipation·temperation=fecundity·sterility 放荡·自我节制=多产·不肥沃(反义) divestiture [] n. 剥夺,脱衣 (the act of divesting)
(反)dissipate ◆ accumulate gatheramass 驱散 ◆ 积累积聚积聚 (反)divestiture ◆ acquisition 剥夺 ◆ 获得
(记)同disperse驱散,疏散一起记 divest ◆ endow 剥夺 ◆ 捐赠,

dissolute [] adj.放荡的(indifferent to moral restrains) divulge [] vt.泄漏秘密(to make known as a secret)
(类)libertine·dissolute=wag·humorous 放荡不羁的人·放荡的=风趣的人·幽默风趣的 (反)divulge ◆ keep secret 泄漏秘密 ◆ 保密
(同)abandonde, licentious, profligate, reprobate, self-abandoned, unprincipled (同)reveal , betray, disclose, discover, unclose
(记)solute 溶解;不要看成salute 敬礼;不过可以拿过来助记→不敬礼→不遵礼节→放荡的
dodder [] vi. 摇摆,蹒跚(to progress feebly and unsteadily)
dissolve [] v. 溶解(to cause to pass into solution);解散(disintegrate) (类)dodder·unsteady=cavort·sprightly 摇摆蹒跚·不平稳的=雀跃·活泼的
(类)dissolve·insoluble=bend·ri gid=submerge·buoyant
溶解·不溶的=弯曲·坚硬不可弯曲的=浸没·有浮力的 dodge [] v.避开,躲避(to evade by a sudden or repeated shift of position)
solvent·dissolve=coagulant·thicken=c austic·burn (类)dodge·blow=escape·capture 躲避·打击=逃避·捕获
溶剂·溶解=凝结剂·变浓厚=腐蚀剂·灼烧(药剂功用) (同)duck, fence, parry, shirk, sidestep; equivocate
clot·dissolved=crowd·dispersed 凝块·溶解的=人群·被驱散的 (例)The child dodged through the crowd. 那小孩在人群中躲躲闪闪
(反)consolidate ◆ dissolve 使联合 ◆ 解散 (记)谐音:“躲之”→避开,躲避
dissolve ◆ coagulate 溶解 ◆ 凝结
doff [] vt. 脱(to take off);丢弃;废除
dissonance [] n.不和谐(lack of agreement, harmony) (反)doff ◆ don 脱下 ◆ 穿上
(反)dissonance ◆ concord 不和谐 ◆ 和谐 (记)d+off
(同)discord, difference, disaccord, disharmony
(记)son 表示声音sound dogged [] adj. 顽固的,顽强的(marked by stubborn determination)
(反)dogged ◆ easily discouraged yielded 顽固的 ◆ 容易气馁的屈服的
dissuade [] vt. 劝阻(to deter by advice or persuasion) (同)obstinate,inflexible,adamant,persisitent
(类)protest·dissuade=supplicate·entreaty 提出异议反对·劝阻=恳求·请求(同义)
remonstrance·dissuade=reprehension·censure 抗议·劝阻=斥责·指责(同义) doggerel [] adj. 歪诗的n.打油诗(crude or trivial poetry)
resolute·dissuade=obstreperous·control 坚决的难以劝阻=任性的难以控制 (类)doggerel·poem=sketch·draw 打油诗·诗=草图·图(种属)
inexorable·dissuasion=indomitable·conquest 无动于衷的·劝阻=不可征服的·征服 doggerel·verse=potboiler·article 打油诗·诗=蹩脚文章·文章(种属)
(反)dissuade ◆ abet enhance 劝阻 ◆ 怂恿并帮助促进 【注:potboiler:蹩脚文章,蹩脚作家】
(同)deter, disadvise, discourage, divert
(记)参考:persuade 说服 dogma [] n. 教条(something held as an established opinion)
(类)dogma·iconoclast=convention·maverick
distain [] v. 贬损,伤害名誉 教条·提倡打破旧习的人=习俗·特立独行者
(类)contemptible·distain=hilarious·laugh 可鄙的·贬损=欢闹的·笑(形容词与其相关对(反)dogma ◆ heresy 教条 ◆ 异端学说
象) (派)dogmatist n. 教条主义者,武断者
(记)stain 污点→贬损 参考: taint 污点 tain锡箔
doldrums [] n. 情绪低落(a dull, depressed mood)
distal [] adj远离中心的,(神经)末梢的(situated away from the point of attachment or origin (类)doldrums·energy=depravity·virtue 情绪低落·精力=堕落·美德(前者缺乏后者)
or (同)tedium, boredom, ennui, yawn
a central point especially of the body) (记)doldr(=dole悲哀)参考:dolorous悲哀的dolefu l悲哀的,忧愁的indolent懒惰的
(反)distal ◆ proximal 远离中心的 ◆ 接近中心的,最接近的
【注】proximal:next to or nearest the point of attachment or origin, a central point, or the dolorous [] adj. 悲哀的,忧愁的(full of or cause pain or sorrow)
point of view;especially:located toward the center of the body 最接近的 (反)dolorous ◆ jubilant happy jovial 悲哀忧愁的 ◆ 欢腾的高兴的
(记)与 distant 遥远的 一起记 (同)woeful, afflicted, doleful, dolent, miserable, rueful, sorrowful, wretched

distend [] n. 膨胀(expand;swell out) dolt [] n. 呆子,笨蛋,傻瓜(a blockhead dunce)
(反)distend ◆ constrict 膨胀 ◆ 压缩 (类)dolt·stupid=wag·humorous 傻瓜·愚蠢的=小丑·滑稽的
distention ◆ compression 膨胀 ◆ 压缩 (同)dunce, chump, dolthead, fathead, lunkhead, oaf
(记)tend=tent(满足)联想:人自满的时候容易膨胀 参考:distent a.膨胀的 content 满足的 (记)谐音:逗他。这是很多人对傻瓜的态度。

distill [] v. 蒸馏 list 11 domicile --------encomium
(类)distill·pure=liquefy·fluid 蒸馏·纯净的=使液化·流动的(前者造成后者) domicile [] n.住所,住宅(a dwelling place·place of residence)
distill·purity=leaven·volume 蒸馏提高纯度=发酵扩大体积 (类)nomad·domicile=freelancer·employer 游牧民·住所=自由作家·老板(前者没有后
distillate·purity=synopsis·conciseness 馏出物·纯=大纲·简明 【注:distillate n.者)
馏出物】 (记)dom家 参考:dome 圆屋顶 domestic 家庭的
(记)still=(drop 滴)参考:instill 滴注,慢慢灌输
domination [] n. 支配,控制(supremacy or preeminence over another)
distinction [ ] n. 区别,不同;特色 (类)servile·domination=gullible·chicanery 卑屈的·支配=易受骗的·欺骗(容易被)
distort [] vt. 扭曲,歪曲(to reproduce or amplify inaccurately) (反)dominant ◆ recessive [生]显性的 ◆ [生]隐性的
(类)distortion·caricature=brevity·aphorism 歪曲·滑稽模仿=简短·箴言(前者是后者
特征) don [] vt. 穿上(to put on or dress in an article of clothing)
(记)tort=torq 扭曲 参考:torque 扭矩 torture 拷问,曲解 contort 扭曲 (反)doff ◆ don 脱 ◆ 穿

distract [] vt. 转移,分心(to divert in the mind);使发狂(to disturb or trouble greatly) donor [] n. 捐赠人(one that gives, donates, or presents something)
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(类)gift·donor=legacy·predecessor 礼物·捐赠人=遗产·先辈(前者来自后者)

doodle [] n. v. 乱写,乱画(to draw or scribble idly)
(类)draw·doodle=travel·ramble 画·乱画=旅行·漫步

dormant [] adj.休眠的,静止的,不活跃的(lying asleep or as if asleep; inactive)
(类)dormant·inactivity=malleable·plasticity 不活跃的·不活跃=可塑的·可塑性(形名同义)
(反)dormancy ◆ activity 休眠 ◆ 活跃
(同)latent, abeyant, lurking, potential, prepatent, quiescent

dour [] adj.严肃的,严厉的(sullen; gloomy; severe stern)
(类)dour·geniality=bumptious·humbleness 严厉的·温和=傲慢的·谦逊
(反)dour ◆ congenialgenial jocund 严厉的 ◆ 温和的欢乐的

douse [ daus ] vt. 把„浸入水中, 弄湿
(反)ignite点燃

dowdy [  ] adj. 衣衫褴褛的, 寒酸的
downplay [] vt. 低估,轻描淡写(to minimize the significance of);贬低(play down)
(反)underscore强调 vaunt自夸

downpour [] n. 暴雨,倾盆大雨(a heavy , drenching rain)
(类)downpour·flooding=wind·erosion 暴雨·泛滥=风·侵蚀(因果)

doyen [] n. 老资格,首席(the senior member of a body or group)
(类)eccentric·conventional=doyen·initiated 行为古怪者·常规的=老前辈·刚入门的(反面
特征)
(记)谐音“导爷”;中国最早一批下海者→老资格的

doze [] vi.瞌睡;假寐(to fall into a light sleep; nap)
(类)doze·sleep=nudge·prod 瞌睡·睡觉=轻推·推动(程度)

drab [  ] adj. 土褐色的, 单调的
draconian [] adj. 严峻的,苛刻的(cruel; severe)
(类)draconian·inclemency=fretted·vexation 严峻的·严酷=烦恼的·烦恼(形名同义)
draconian·severity=palmy·prosperity 严峻的·严格=繁荣的·繁荣(形名同义)
(反)indulgent放纵的 mild温柔的genial亲切的 lenient宽大仁慈的
(同)rigid, ironhanded, rigorist, rigorous, strict, stringent, unpermissive

drawl [] v. 懒洋洋地说,慢慢地说(to utter in a slow lengthened tone)
(类)drawl·speak=inch·move=lope·run 慢慢说·说=慢慢移动·移动=大步子慢跑·跑
(记)draw拉 拉着长音说话→懒洋洋地说,慢慢地说

dreary [] adj. 沉闷的 (having nothing likely to provide cheer)
(反)dreary ◆ jocund 沉闷的 ◆ 欢乐的
(同)gloomy, depressive, dismal, dispiriting, oppressive, somber

drench [] v.湿透,浸透(to wet thoroughly)
(类)drenched·wet=antithetic·different 湿透的·湿的=对立的·不同的(程度)
(同)soak , impregnate, saturate, seethe, sodden, sop, souse, steep

drivel [] vi.说傻话n.胡言乱语,傻话(silly or meaningless talk)
(类)nonsensical·drivel=pompous·bombast 无意义的·傻话=夸大的·夸大言辞
(记)谐音(追我)mm对gg说,“就凭你也敢追我——简直是胡说八道”

drizzle [] n.v. 下毛毛雨,毛毛雨(a very light rain)
(反)drizzle ◆ deluge 毛毛雨 ◆ 大洪水
(记)来自drop滴

droll [] adj. 古怪的,滑稽的,好笑的(having a humorous, whimsical, or odd quality)
(类)droll·laugh=grisly·flinch 好笑的·笑=可怕的·退缩
(反)droll ◆ grave serious 严肃的 somber 忧郁的
(记)参考:doll 洋娃娃,玩偶

drone [] vt.嗡嗡地说出,单调而低沉地说(to make a continued ,low, monotonous sound)
(类)drone·mon otonous=stammer·halting=hiss·sibilant
单调低沉地说·单调的=结巴地说·结结巴巴的=嘘声·咝咝声的
(反)drone ◆ speak animatedly 单调低沉地说 ◆ 有活力地说

drudgery [] n. 苦差,苦工(dull, irksome, and fatiguing work)
(反)drudgery ◆ rewarding work 苦差 ◆ 美差
(记)drudge 做苦工的人 比较:trudge 跋涉 dredge 挖泥船

dubious [] adj. 可疑的;不确定的(inclined to doubt questionable)
(类)disaffected·contentment=dubious·commitment 不满的·满足=可疑的·确信
(反)dubious ◆ certain 不确定的 ◆ 确定的
indubitable ◆ questionable 不容置疑的 ◆ 值得怀疑的
(同)doubtful, dubitable, equivocal, problematic, suspect, uncertain, unclear, undecided

ductile [] n.有延展性的(capable of being drawn out or hammered thin)
(类)ductility·malleable=toxicity·poisonous 延展性·延展性的=毒性·有毒的(同义)
(同)plastic, adaptable, malleable, moldable, pliable, pliant, supple

dulcet [] adj.(声音)悦耳的(pleasing to the ear; melodious)
(反)dulcet ◆ cacophonous 悦耳的 ◆ 刺耳的
(同)euphonic, euphonious, mellisonant, melodic, sweet, tuneful

dullard [] n.愚人,笨蛋(a stupid or insensitive person)
(反)dullard ◆ wit 愚人 ◆ 机智的人
(同)dunce, dullhead, dumbbell, dummy, idiot, ignoramus, moron, simpleton, stupid

dune [] n.沙丘(a hill or ridge of sand piled up by the wind)
(类)sand·dune=word·sentence 沙·沙丘=词语·句子(组成关系)

dupe [] n. 傻瓜,易受骗的人v.欺骗(to delude by underhand methods)
(类)credulous·dupe=insensitive·boor 轻信的·易受骗的人=感觉迟钝的·粗人
trusting·dupe=reverent·idolater 容易相信的·易受骗的人=恭敬的·崇拜者

duplicity [] n. 两面派,伪善(double-dealing; hypocrisy)
(类)dupe·duplicity=callous·impassive 欺骗·伪善=无情的·冷漠(同义)

dwindle [ ] v.逐渐缩小;衰落(to become gradually less until little remains)
(类)dwindle·decrease=crawl·proceed 逐渐缩小·减少=爬行·前进(逐渐·正常)
(反)dwindle ◆ increase 缩小 ◆ 增加
(同)abate, bate, diminish, drain (away), lessen, reduce, taper

dyspeptic [] adj. 消化不良的;阴郁的;脾气坏的(of or displaying a morose
disposition)
(反)dyspeptic ◆ genial 脾气坏的 ◆ 和蔼的
(同)bad-tempered,hot- tempered,ill-humored, ill-natured, tempersome
(记)dys(病)+ peptic 胃蛋白酶的→消化不良;参考:pepsy 百事可乐的商标

dyslexia [] n.[医] 阅读障碍
(类)dyslexia·read= insomnia·sleep 阅读障碍症·阅读=失眠症·睡觉
(记)dys(病)+lex 词语+ ia 病后缀

dyspeptic
eaglet [] n.小鹰;小雕(a young eagle)
(类)eaglet·bird=fawn·mammal 小鹰·鸟类=小羊·哺乳动物
(记)let(表示小的后缀)

earnest [] adj.认真的;诚恳的(proceeding from an serious state of mind)
(反)earnest ◆ facetious 认真的 ◆ 轻浮的
(同)grave,sedate,so ber,solemn,somber,staid,weighty
(例)If you work in earnest,you will succeed. 认真工作就会成功。

earplug [] n.耳塞(an ornament inserted in the lobe of the ear to distend it)
(类)earplug·noise=shield·impact 耳塞防止噪音=盾防止冲击

earshot [] n.听力所及的范围(the range within which the voice may be heard)
(类)earshot·hear=ken·see 听力范围·听=视野范围·看(行为及其范围)
(记)shot→射程

earsplitting adj.震耳欲聋的(distressingly loud or shrill)
(类)earsplitting·loud=heartrending·sad 震耳欲聋·响亮的=心碎的·伤心的(程度)
(同)loud, blaring, piercing, roaring, stentorian
(记)声音大得把ear都split(撕裂)

easel [ ] n. 画架(An upright frame for supporting something, such as an artist's canvas)
(类)easel·canvas=tripod·camera 画架·画布=三角架·照相机(事物及其支持物)
【注】frame·photograph 绝对错误;本题强调支撑,而不是frame
(记)ease(容易,不费力)+ l 联想:画架让画画不费力更容易了。

eavesdrop [] v.偷听(to listen secretly to what is said in private)
(类)eavesdrop·conversation=trespass·property 偷听谈话=擅闯领地
eavesdrop·hear=shadow·follow 偷听·听到=尾随·跟随 (偷偷·正常)
eavesdrop·listen=collude·cooperate 偷听·听=阴谋·合作 (偷偷·正常)
listener·eavesdropper=observer·spy 听者·偷听者=观察者·间谍(种属)
(记)在drop(滴着)檐水的eaves(屋檐)下偷听

ebullient [] adj.热情奔放的(showing excitement)
(反)ebullient ◆ tepid 热情奔放的 ◆ 不热烈的
ebullience ◆ lifelessness 无生气 impassiveness 无感情 torpor 无精打采
ebullient ◆ torpid 热情奔放的 ◆ 无精打采的(干扰:insensitive迟钝的)
【注】ebullient和torpid主要强调一种心理状态,情绪。是可以变化的。
而insensitive指的是一种性格或生理特点,是难以变化的。
(同)exuberant,brash, effervescent, vivacious
(记)e+bull(公牛)→一群公牛;联想:象公牛一样热情奔放

eccentric [] adj.古怪的(odd;whimsical;irregular)n.行为古怪者
(类)eccentric·conventional=doyen·initiated 行为古怪者·常规的=老前辈·刚入门的(反面
特征)
eccentric·unconve ntional=hero·admirable行为古怪者不符常规=英雄令人钦佩(正面
特征)
(反)eccentric ◆ ordinary 古怪的 ◆ 常规的
(同)erratic, idiosyncratic, peculiar, queer, singular, weird
(记)ec(反)+centric(中心)→偏离中心的,偏离常规的,古怪的
(例)One of his eccentricities is sleeping under the bed instead of in it.
他的怪癖之一是睡在床底下,而不睡在床上。

echelon [  ] n. 梯队(军队的一种队形);等级
(记)谐音:“一车人”联想:一车人组成一个梯队

eclat [] n.辉煌成就(a notable success)
(反)eclat ◆ fiasco 大成功 ◆ 大失败
(记)谐音:一克拉的(钻石)联想:钻石级的——代表辉煌成就。

eclipse [] n.v.日月蚀;使黯然失色(darken;extinguish)
(类)eclipse·prestige=enfeeble·vigor 使声望黯淡=使精力衰弱
(反)make distinctive 使与众不同 make more prominent 使更加卓越
(记)真难记,因为ellipse(椭圆)捣乱。仔细观察:e+clips夹子+e 联想:两个e被几个
夹子夹住手脚,不能发挥优势,因此逐渐黯然失色,泯然众人矣。

ecstasy [] n.v.狂喜(a state of being overwhelming emotion)
(类)pleasure·ecstasy=surprise·astonishment 高兴·狂喜=奇怪·震惊(程度)
(反)ecstasy ◆ self-control 狂喜 ◆ 自制
(同)rapture, exultant, exhilaration
(记)ec(反)+stat(平静)=不平静→狂喜的

ecumenical [] adj.世界范围的;一般性的;特指世界范围基督教的
(类)ecumenical·generality=entire·integrity 一般性的·一般性=完全的·完整(形名同义)
(反)ecumenical ◆ diocesan 世界范围基督教的 ◆ 主教管辖特定小教区的
ecumenical ◆ factionalprovincial 世界范围的 ◆ 派别的狭隘的
(同)universal, catholic, worldwide
(记)e(谐音:一)+cu(谐音:苦)+men(人)→一群苦命人 联想:一群苦命人组成这个世
界。

eddy [] n.v.漩涡(a current moving contrary to the direction of the main current)
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(类)eddy·stream=anomaly·trend 旋涡·溪流=异常·趋势 (异常·正常) elephantine [] adj.象的;巨大的having enormous size or strength
(记)相关词ebb:退潮(to fall back from the flood stage) (反)elephantine ◆ microscopic 巨大的 ◆ 微细的
(记)来自 elephant 大象
edible [] adj.可食用的(fit to be eaten:)
(类)edible·eat=potable·drink 可食用的能吃=可饮用的能喝 elevate [] v.举起;提升(rank or status);振奋(moral,intellect,culture,spirits)
(同)comestible, eatable, esculent (反)elevation ◆ debasement 提升 ◆ 降低
(记)lev(向上举起)参考:levity 轻浮
edifice [] n.大厦;大建筑物(an elaborate conceptual structure)
(类)edifice·buttress=limb·splint 扶壁支撑大厦=夹板固定肢体 elicit [] vt. 引出;引起(draw out by discussion)
edifice·tower=barrier·rampart 塔楼是一种大建筑物=壁垒是一种障碍物 (反)evoke ◆ fail to elicit 唤起 ◆ 不能引起
blueprint·edifice=syllabus·course 蓝图·大厦=课程提纲·课程(前者规划后者) (同)educe, evince, evoke, extort, extract, milk
(记)来自edify:启发。大厦(edifice)是经启发后精心建构的 (记)e(=ex向外)+licit(合法的;准许的)→准许出来→引出,引起

eerie [] a. 怪诞的,可怕的,奇异的,不安的(strange and frightening) ellipsis [] n.省略;省略号(marks indicating an omission or a pause)
(例)It's eerier in a dark wood. 在黑暗的树林里令人恐怖不安。 (类)apostrophes·word=ellipsis·sentence 撇号省略字=省略号省略句子

efface [] v. 擦掉;抹去;磨灭(rub out) elliptical [] adj.椭圆的;省略的;朦胧含糊的
(反)aggrandize夸大blazonemboss装饰bring to preeminent卓越institute建立 (反)elliptical ◆ palpable 朦胧含糊的 ◆ 明显的
(记)ef(否定,去掉)+face(脸上)=(从脸上)抹去 (记)分别作为ellipse(椭 圆);ellipsis(省略);eclipse(日月蚀)的adj.形式
(例)Efface unpleasant memories of the past. 忘却过去不愉快的回忆。 观察这三个词,eclipse的特征是中间有个clip(夹子),想象日月被夹子夹住形成日
月蚀。ellipsis
effervesce [] vi.冒泡(bubble)欢腾(show liveliness or exhilaration) 特征是后面的sis,联想她是sister 被省略了ter。参考:elapse时光流逝
(类)effervescence·feeling=fury·anger 欢腾·情绪=狂怒·怒 (程度)
(反)effervescence ◆ be flat lassitude 欢腾 ◆ 平淡 疲乏倦怠 elucidate [] v. 阐明;说明(explain;enlighten)
effervesce ◆ droop 欢腾 ◆ 消沉 (类)elucidate·clarity=abet·encouragement 阐明使清晰=教唆使鼓励
effervescent ◆ still 欢腾的 ◆ 平静的 (反)elucidate ◆ garbleobfuscateobscure 阐明 ◆ 混淆混乱晦涩
(同)ebullience, buoyancy, exuberance, exuberancy (同)clarify, clear up, explain, illuminate, illustrate
(记)ef(强调)+fervid(热的;热情的)+ esce→热情,欢腾 (记)参考:lucid 明晰的

effete [] adj.衰老的;疲惫的(no longer fertile) elude [  ] v. 逃避,躲避
(反)effete ◆ hale sound 衰老的 ◆ 强壮的 (例)The fox succeeded in eluding the hunters.
(记)ef(不)+fete(=fetus新生儿)联想:不再象新生儿一样:走向衰老的。 狐狸成功地逃脱了猎人的追捕。

effluvium [] n. 臭气(noxious smell);没用的副产品(ia) elusive [  ] adj. .难懂的,令人困惑的
(反)effluvia ◆ desired products 无用之副产品 ◆ 有用的产品
(记)flu 流出→流出的东西→废物,废气→无用的副产品 参考:effluent 流出物,污水 emaciate [] v .使憔悴(to make feeble);减肥
(类)emaciated·thin=apoplectic·angry
effrontery [] n.厚颜无耻;冒犯胆大(brazen boldness; presumptuousness) 憔悴的·瘦=易怒的·生气(褒贬)【注:非程度】
(反)effrontery ◆ decorum 厚颜无耻 ◆ 正派得体 (反)emaciate ◆ invigoratefatten 使憔悴 ◆ 鼓舞变胖
effrontery ◆ timidity 冒犯胆大 ◆ 胆小 (例)She was emaciated by long illness. 由于长期生病她变得消瘦了。

effulgence [] adj.光辉,灿烂(radiant splendor;brilliance) emancipate [] v.解放(to free from bondage)
(类)effulgent·resplendence=bootless·futility 光辉的·辉煌=无用的·无用(名形同义) (反)emancipate ◆ shackle 解放 ◆ 束缚
(记)fulgent 本身是一个词:灿烂的 emancipation ◆ bondage 解放 ◆ 束缚
(同)discharge, liberate, manumit
effusive [] adj. 感情横溢的;喷发的(pouring forth;gushing) (记)man(手)把手解放出来—>解放。参考:manuscript 手稿
(类)gush·effusive=rage·irate 涌出·喷发的=大怒·发怒的(名形同义)
(反)effusive ◆ lack of emotion reticent 感情横溢的 ◆ 缺乏感情的 沉默寡言的 embargo [] n.(贸易)禁运令;封港令(ban on commerce)
effusive ◆ torpid 感情横溢的 ◆ 麻木的,麻木不仁的(干扰:insensitive不敏感的) (类)embargo·commerce=quarantine·contact 禁运阻止贸易=隔离阻止接触
(记)fuse(导火线)→爆发 (记)bar(酒吧)+go 联想:酒吧搬走了,因为禁港令。
(例)effusive in one’s gratitude. 感激之情溢于言表
embark [] vi.上船;开始从事(commence)
egalitarian [] .平等主义(的) (类)embarkment·journey=debut·career 上船开始旅行=初次登场开始职业生涯
(类)egalitarian·equity=meliorism·progress 平等主义追求平等=改良论追求改进 (反)conclude ◆ embark on 结束 ◆ 开始从事
(记)来自equal 平等的 (记)bark(树皮)联想:用树皮做成独木舟—>上船

egoism [] n. 利己主义(a doctrine that self-interest is the valid end) embarrass [] vt.使困窘(to cause to feel self-conscious or ill at ease);妨碍(impede)
(反)egoism ◆ altruism 利己主义 ◆ 利他主义 (类)blush·embarrassment=yawn·sleepiness 脸红表示困窘=打呵欠表示想睡
(记)ego(自我)参考:egocentric 自我中心的 egotist 自私自利的人 catastrophe·mishap=humiliation·embarrassment 大灾难·不幸=耻辱·困窘 (程度)
embarrass·shame=console·comfort 使困窘·羞愧=安慰·舒心(后者是前者的结果)
elaborate [] v.详述 adj.精细的;详尽的(full of detail) embarrass·mortify=indulge·mollycoddle 使困窘·使苦恼=纵容·溺爱 (同义)
(类)elaborate·sketch=fawn·imperiousness 详述·概述=奉承·专横(反义) disembarrass·entanglement 使摆脱困扰·困扰(前者消除后者)
(反)elaborate ◆ abstract simplify 详述 ◆ 摘要 简化 (同)abash, confuse, discomfit, disconcert, discountenance, faze, rattle
(同)complex,complicated, intricate, knotty, labyrinthine, sophisticated (记)bar(栅栏;障碍)使受到阻碍→妨碍,使困窘
(记)花很多labor(操劳)和心思在上面→详述
embed [] vt. 嵌入,放入(enclose;place in something)
elastic [] adj.有弹性的;能伸展的(easily resuming original shape after being (反)embed ◆ extract 放入 ◆ 取出
stretched) (记)bed 本身除床外,做动词时也有嵌入的的义项
(类)elastic·expand=viable·live 能伸展的·伸展=能活的·活
ephemeral·endure=inelastic·stretch 短暂的无法持久=无弹性的无法伸展 embellish [  ] v. 修饰,装饰;渲染(decorate)
(反)inelastic ◆ extended 无弹性的 ◆ 延伸的 (记)Bell美 参考:Belle美女,美妇
(同)flexible,resilient,stretch,supple
(记)last有持久延展的意思 例如:The war lasted four years. 战争持续了四年 embezzle [] vt.盗用;挪用(to appropriate fraudulently to one's own use)
(类)embezzle·funds=usurp·power 盗用款项=篡夺权力
elate [] adj. 兴高采烈的(elated) v.使兴奋(to fill with joy) embezzlement·fraud=forgery·counterfeit 盗用·诈骗=伪造·假冒(前者为后者手段)
(反)elate ◆ depress 使兴奋 ◆ 使沮丧 (同)misappropriate, peculate
elated ◆ despondent 兴高采烈的 ◆ 沮丧的 (记)bezzant(拜占庭帝国时银币名)
elated ◆ hangdog 兴高采烈的 ◆ 垂头丧气的(downcast)
elation ◆ dejection wretchedness 高兴 ◆ 沮丧 可怜,悲惨 embolden [] v.壮胆;鼓励(to instill with boldness or courage)
(同)excite, exhilarate, inspire, spirit(up), stimulate (反)embolden ◆ abash appall boggle cow daunt faze thwart
(记)e(=ex向外)+late(=wide 放大)→心情好自然情绪向外释放。参考:dilate 扩大,膨 使大胆 ◆ 使不安使胆寒使惊奇犹豫吓唬使胆怯使狼狈扰乱阻挠
胀 (记)en(使)+bold(大胆的)

elbow [] n.肘(the joint of the human arm) emboss [] vt.饰以浮饰;使凸出来;浮雕装饰(to ornament with raised work)
(类)elbow·joint=heart·organ 肘属于关节=心脏属于器官 (反)emboss ◆ flatten out 使凸出来 ◆ 使平坦
(记)谐音:埃尔伯(拜仁慕尼黑球星),联想:埃尔伯是拜仁的左膀右臂 (记)boss 原义:a protuberant part or body 将军肚 联想:因老板肚子常常凸起后引申为老板。

eleemosynary [] adj.施舍的;慈善的(supported by charity) embrace [] n.v.拥抱;乐于接受(to take up especially readily or gladly)
(类)philanthropist·eleemosynary 慈善家特点是慈善的 (类)embrace·affection=blush·embarrassment拥抱表示爱=脸红表示 困窘
(同)charitable,altruistic,benevolent, humane, humanitarian, philanthropic (反)embrace ◆ abjure abrogate eschew ostracize renounce spurn
(记)e+lee+m(谐音:一粒米)+mosy(=mercy)→一粒米表达同情→施舍,慈善 乐于接受 ◆ 誓绝废除避免放逐放弃摒弃
(记)brace:支持 参考:bracket 支架,括弧
elegy [] n.哀歌(诗);挽歌(诗)(poem or song expressing lamentation)
(类)elegy·poem=paean·song=tango·dance 挽诗·诗=赞歌·歌=探戈·舞(种属) e m b r o i d e r [ ] v.刺绣(to ornament with needlework)
elegy·sorrow=hymn·praise=satire·ridicule =eulogy·admiration (类)embroider·cloth=chase·metal 在布料上刺绣=在金属上雕琢
哀歌表达悲伤=赞歌表达赞美=讽刺文学表达嘲弄=颂词表达钦佩 (记)em(加强)+broid(= braid 编织)→编织,刺绣
elegiac·sorrow=devotional·reverence 哀悼的·悲伤=虔诚的·尊敬(形名同
义) emigrate [] v.(使)移居;(使)移民
(类)repatriate·emigration=repeal·ratification 移民了又被遣返=批准了又被撤消
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28 蓝宝GRE笔考词汇突破核心词汇 蓝宝GRE笔考词汇突破核心词汇
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emigrate·exile=enlist·conscript移民·驱逐=从军·强制入伍(后者强制)
(记)来自migrate 反义词: immigrate 移居入境 ennui [] n.v.倦怠;厌倦(a feeling of weariness and dissatisfaction)
(类)ennui·enthusiastic=fervo r·apathetic=somnolence·alert
eminence [] n.显赫地位;出众(a position of prominence or superiority) 倦怠不热情=热情不冷漠=嗜睡不警惕(名形反义)
(类)luminary·eminence=master(maven)·experience 杰出人物有显赫地位=专家有经验 (反)ennui ◆ energyenthusiasmexuberancekeen interest
(反)eminent ◆ undistinguished 显赫的 ◆ 平凡的 倦怠 ◆ 活力热情生气盎然强烈的兴趣
(记)参考:prominence 卓越 imminent 逼近的 (同)tedium, boredom, doldrums , yawn
(记)谐音“安慰”联想:安慰一颗倦怠的心。
emollient [] adj.使柔软的n. 润滑剂,安慰剂
(类)emollient·soothe=dynamo·generate 润滑药使安慰减轻=发电机使发电 e n o r m o u s [  ] adj.巨大的, 庞大的;非常邪恶的
emollient·suppleness=desiccant·dryness 润滑药使柔软=干燥剂使干燥 ensemble [] n. 合奏曲(a work for two or more vocalists or instrumentalists)
(记)moll(软)参考:mollify 平息 (反)ensemble ◆ solo 合奏曲 ◆ 独奏曲
(记)semble(相同) 联想:共同弹奏相同的曲子→合奏曲
emulate [] vt. 努力赶上;仿效 (to strive to equal or excel) 参考:dissemble 掩饰resemble 象,类似 assemble集合,装配
(类)emulation·exemplar=deference·authority 仿效榜样=遵从权威
emulate·exemplary=obviate·unnecessary 仿效典范的=除去不必要的
【注】obviate :to anticipate and prevent or make unnecessary
(记)e+mul(骡子,执拗)+ate→一头骡子 联想:象骡子一样的努力工作,追赶
参考:mulish 骡子似的,执拗的 emulous 好胜心强的 emulable adj.可仿效的, 可超越的

enact [] vt.制定颁布法律(to cause to be by legal and authoritative act)
(反)enact ◆ repeal rescind 颁布 ◆ 废除
enactment ◆ rescission 颁布 ◆ 废除
(记)act:法令;扮演

enamel [] n.珐琅;瓷釉;搪瓷(a usually opaque vitreous composition)
(类)enamel·tooth=bark·tree 牙的表面是珐琅质=树的表面是树皮

encomium [] n.高度赞扬(glowing and warmly enthusiastic praise)
(类)encomium·eulogize=disc ontent·complain=quibble·cavil
赞扬·颂扬=不满·抱怨=吹毛求疵·挑剔(名词和动词同义)
(反)encomium ◆ harsh criticism 高度赞扬 ◆ 猛烈批评
(同)citation, eulogy, panegyric, salutation, tribute

list 12 encompass ------exhaust
encompass [] v.环绕(surround);包含(include)
(反)encompass ◆ exclude 包含 ◆ 排除
(记)compass n. 罗盘,圆规v. 包围

encumber [] v. 阻碍;妨碍
(反)encumber ◆ remove impediment 阻碍 ◆ 去除阻碍
(记)cumber(躺)参考:cumbersome:讨厌的;笨重的

endemic [] n.地方病 adj.地方性的(epidemic)
(类)endemic·region=inborn·individual 地方性的是就地域而言=天性的是就个体而言
(反)endemic ◆ exoticforeign 地方性的 ◆ 外来的外国的
(记)dem(人民)。参考:epidemic 流行病(的)

endorse [] vt. 背书,签署;支持(to approve openly)
(类)endorse·approval=endow·income 【注:endow :to furnish with an income】
签署·批准=资助·收入(批准后签署意见=有收入后进行资助)
endorsement·policy=rider·bill
签署·政策=法案附文(类似盖公章)·法案(后者经由前者生效)
(反)endorse ◆ deprecateimpugnoppose publicly 支持 ◆ 抗议指责公然反对
(同)approve, accredit, certify, sanction
(例)His driving licence hase been endorsed,a record of a motoring offence has been
entered in it. 他的驾驶执照上曾有违规的纪录。

enervate [] vt.使衰弱(to weaken or destroy the strength or vitality of)
(类)enervate·energy=curtail·period 使精力衰弱=缩减周期
enervate·strength=dispirit·morale 使力量衰弱=使士气泄气
enervate·vigor=eclipse·prestige 使精力衰弱=使声望黯淡
enervate·vitality=debase·value=hamstring·effective ness
使衰弱:活力=贬低:价值=使残废:效力(前者使后者失效或衰弱)
(反)enervate ◆ fortifyinvigoratestrengthen 使衰弱 ◆ 使增强使精力充沛变强
enervation ◆ vitality 虚弱 ◆ 生命力
(记)e(出)+nerve(精力)释放出精力→使衰弱。完全等价 enfeeble

enfranchise [] vt. 给予选举权;解放(to endow with the right to vote)
(类)enfranchise·vote=license·practice=illuminate·s ee
给予选举权可以投票=给予许可证可以实行=照亮使可以看见
(反)enfranchise ◆ enfetterresubjectsubjugate 解放 ◆ 束缚使再臣服使屈从
enfranchise ◆ disempowe 给予选举权 ◆ 使失去权力或影响
disempowe :To deprive of power or influence. 使失去权力或影响
(记)en(加强)+franch(=frank自由的,免费的,率直的)→使自由→解放

engender [] vt. 产生;导致(cause; produce)
(反)engender ◆ quasheradicate 产生 ◆ 撤销根除
(记)由gender(性)联想:通过性来生产。

engross [] vt.使全神贯注(occupy fully)
(类)engrossed·absorbed=intimate·close 全神贯注的·极感兴趣的=亲密的·紧密的
(记)gross = whole总的,所有的,毛重的→将所有的注意力都集中起来→全神贯注

enigma [] n.谜语;费解的事物(puzzle)
(类)enigma·impenetrable=juggernaut·unstoppable
谜的特点是难以弄懂的=摧毁一切的强大力量特点是无法阻碍的
(反)enigmatic ◆ broadly knownfree of ambiguityreadily understood
令人费解的 ◆ 广为人知的不含糊的浅显易懂的

enlighten [] vt. 启发;教导;照耀(to give spiritual or intellectual insight to)
(类)explanation·enlighten=equivocation·coax 解释为了启发=含糊话为了哄骗

enmity [] n.敌意(ill will; hatred)
(反)enmity ◆ camaraderiecomityconcord 敌意 ◆ 同志情谊团结和睦

ennoble [] vt.授予爵位;使尊贵(to make noble)
(反)debase ◆ ennoble贬低 ◆ 使尊贵
(记)en(使)+ noble 贵族→使成为贵族→使尊贵
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ensconce [] vt. 安置(to establish or place firmly, comfortably, or snugly)
(反)ensconce ◆ dislodge displace unsettle 安置 ◆ 驱逐取代位置使紊乱
【注:unsettle :to displace from a settled condition】
(记)en + sconce n. 烛台→使象烛台一样→安置

ensue [] vi. 随之而来(follow)
(反)ensuing ◆ anterior 后来的 ◆ 先前的
(记)由sue(诉讼)联想:治安状况不好,诉讼接连发生。
(例)the trouble that ensued from this misunderstanding. 由误会而产生的麻烦。

entangle [] vt. 使纠缠;卷入(to twist together or entwine into a confusing mass;snarl)
(类)exonerate·blame=disentangle·snarl 免除责任·指责=松开·纠缠(反义)
entangle·involve=grill·question 纠缠·涉及=拷问·提问(程度)
(反)disentangle ◆ snarl 松开 ◆ 使缠结
(记)源自tangle 纠缠 参考:untangle解开disentangle解开
(例)My fishing line got entangled in weeds. 我的钓鱼线和杂草缠在一起了。

enthralling [] adj. 迷人的,吸引人的

enthusiasm [] n.狂热;热心
(类)enthusiasm·mania =covet·rapacity=suspicion·paranoia
热心·狂热=渴望·贪婪的=怀疑·偏执狂(多疑症)(褒贬程度)
reverence·respect=avidity·enthusiasm 尊敬·尊敬=热望·热心(同义)
(反)halfhearted ◆ enthusiastic 半心半意的 ◆ 狂热的

entice [] vt. 诱使(lure; attract; tempt)
(类)goad·enticement=command·entreaty 驱使·诱使=命令·恳求 (主被动关系)
enticement·tempt=affection·love 引诱·引诱=喜爱·爱(名动同义)
(反)enticing ◆ formidable 诱人的 ◆ 可怕的
(记)谐音:安第斯→安第斯山,美洲旅游胜地→联想:安第斯山对游客充满了诱惑

entitle [  ] vt.给„权利(或资格)(to furnish with a right)

entity [ ] n.实体,存在(being)
(例)Persons and corporations are equivalent entities under the law.
个人和企业是依法存在的对等的独立实体

entrance [] vt.使狂喜;使入迷(carry away with emotion)n.入口
(反)entrance ◆ bore disappoint disgust repel repulse
使入迷 ◆ 使厌烦使失望使作呕令人但反感使拒绝
entrance ◆ egress 入口 ◆ 出口
entrancing ◆ unprepossessing 使人欣喜的 ◆ 不讨人喜欢的
(例)She stood entranced at the sight. 她站在那里望着那景色出神。

entrap [] vt.诱骗(to lure into a compromising statement or act)
(类)vigilant·entrapped=exacting·satisfied 警醒的·被诱骗的=苛求的·满足的(难以关
系)
(同)allure, bait, decoy, entice, inveigle, lead on, seduce, tempt, toll
(记)en + trap 圈套,陷阱 →使进入圈套→诱骗

entreat [] v. 恳求(to make an earnest request)
(类)protest·dissuade=supplicate·entreat 抗议·劝阻=低三下四地恳求·恳求(同义)
goad·enticement=command·entreaty 驱使·诱使=命令·恳求(主被动关系)
(同)appeal, beseech, crave, implore, importune, invoke, plead, supplicate
(记)en(使)+ treat(托福听力的一个重要义项:请客)→使请客(对小气的人当然得恳求了)

entrenched adj. 确立的,不容易改的(风俗习惯)
entrust [ ] v. 委托,托付
enunciate [] v.清晰发音(articulate);阐明
(类)waffle·enunciate=embed·disinter 胡扯· 阐明=嵌入· 掘出 (反义)
enunciate·mumbling=clarify·confusing 清晰发音·喃喃而语=使清晰·混淆(反义)
enunciate·words=limn·lines 清晰地表达言语=清晰地描绘线条
(记)e(出)+ nunci(发音)→清晰发音 参考:pronunciation 发音

envious [ ] adj. 嫉妒的, 羡慕的
(记)来自envy嫉妒,羡慕 (例)She was envious of her sister's beauty. 她妒嫉妹妹的美貌。

epaulet [] n.肩章;肩饰(something that ornaments the shoulder)
(类)epaulet·shoulder=ring·finger 肩章戴在肩上=戒指戴在手指上

ephemeral [] adj.朝生暮死的;极短暂的(lasting a very short time)
(类)e phemeral·endure=inanimate·live=repellent·attract
短暂的无法持久=无生命的无法生存=相斥的无法吸引
ephem eral·transience=convoluted·complexity=perpetual·pe rmanence
朝生暮死的·短暂=盘绕费解的·复杂=永久的·永恒(形名同义)
ephemeral·abide=intransigent·yield 短暂的·坚持=不妥协的·屈服
(反)enduring 持久的 everlasting 永恒的 eternal permanent perpetual 永久的

epic [] n.史诗 adj.史诗的;英勇的;超出正常范围的
(反)epic ◆ modest 超出正常范围的 ◆ 一般的

epicure [] n.美食家 (one with sensitive tastes especially in food or wine)
(类)epicure·discriminating=spectator·watching 美食家·识别的=观众·观看的(正面特
征)
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(反)epicure ◆ a person indifferent to food 美食家 ◆ 厌食者 eschew [] v.避开;戒绝(to avoid habitually especially on moral or practical grounds)
(同)gastronome, gourmand, gourmet (反)eschew ◆ embracegreethabitually indulge inseekwelcome
(记)来自Epicurus古希腊哲学家伊壁鸠鲁 主张享乐和美食 避开 ◆ 接受问候习惯地沉溺寻觅欢迎
(记)eschew的东西不值得你去chew(咀嚼)
epidermis [] n.表皮;上皮 (同)escape, avoid, bilk, double, duck, elude, evade, shun, shy
(类)epidermis·mammal=bark·conifer 表皮·哺乳动物=树皮·松柏
(记)epi(在外)+ derm 皮肤→表皮 esoteric [] adj.秘传的 (understood by the specially initiated alone)
(反)common accepted普遍接受的generally known广泛知道的
epigram [] n.警句(a terse, sage, or witty and often paradoxical saying) (记)将oter看作other 不让其他人知道:秘传的。
(类)brevity·epigram=exaggeration·caricature (同)recondite, abstruse, acroamatic, hermetic, occult, orphic, profound, secret
警句特点是简明扼要=讽刺画特点是夸张(正面特征)
epigram·wise=paradox·contradictory espouse [] vt.支持;拥护(adopt; support)参加婚礼,结婚(to take in marriage;marry)
警句特点是英明的=自相矛盾的话特点是矛盾的(正面特征) (类)espouse·marriage=lurk·concealment 结婚·婚姻=潜伏·隐藏(动名同义)
(记)epic(史诗中的)+gram(句子)联想:史诗中的句子多为警句 (反)espouse ◆ abjurerepudiate 拥护 ◆ 誓绝拒绝
(同)adage,aphorism,epigram,maxim,proverb (记)spouse 配偶

epilogue [] n.收场白;尾声 esteem [] n.v.尊重(repect;value)
(类)epilogue·novel=coda·symphony 小说的结尾=交响乐的尾声 (类)obeisant·esteem=embrace·affection 鞠躬表示尊敬=拥抱表示爱
epilogue·play=coda·sonatadessert·meal 戏剧的收场白=奏鸣曲的尾音=饭后甜点 esteem·idolatrize=favor·bribe=desire·covet 尊敬·盲目崇拜=赠助·行贿=渴望·贪
epilogue·prose=finale·music 散文的收场白=音乐的终曲 求
epilogue·story=terminus·stop 故事的收场白=下车站的终点站(事物及其结尾) infuriate·rage=commend·esteem 激怒引起愤怒=赞美引起尊重(行为及其影响)
(反)preface ◆ epilogue 序文 ◆ 结尾 (反)stigma ◆ mark of esteem 耻辱 ◆ 尊重的标志
(记)epi(在后)+ logue 说→在后面说的→收场白 参考:dialogue 对话 esteem ◆ odium 尊重 ◆ 憎恶

epistle [  ] n.书信(a letter, especially a formal one) estimable [] adj.值得尊敬的(worthy of esteem);可估计的;有价值的
episode [] n.一段情节(one event in a chain of events) (反)estimable ◆ contemptible 可尊敬的 ◆ 可鄙的
(类)episode·series=issue·periodical 一段情节·连续系列=出版一期·期刊 estimable ◆ infamous 令人尊重的 ◆ 声名狼藉的
(记)epi(在„之间)+ sode(=soda 肥皂剧)→在肥皂剧之间的→一段情节
estrange [] vt.使疏远;使隔离(separate; alienate)
epistemology [] n.认识论(a theory of the nature and grounds of knowledge) (反)estrangement ◆ reconciliationrapprochement 疏远 ◆ 和好
(类)epistemology·knowledge=aesthetics·beauty 认识论研究知识=美学研究美
(记)一点背景知识:认识论的核心问题是:什么是知识?什么是真理?人类的知识来自何处? etch [] n.腐蚀剂 v.蚀刻
(类)etch·corrosive=glue·adhesive
epitaph [] n. 墓志铭;碑文 腐蚀剂特点是腐蚀性的=粘合剂特点是带粘性的(正面特征)
(类)epitaph·tombstone=motto·shield 墓志铭刻在墓碑上=座右铭刻在盾牌上
(记)epi(在„之前)+taph(= tomb 坟墓) eternal [] adj.永恒的
(反)eternal ◆ ephemeral 永恒的 ◆ 朝生暮死的
epithet [] n.绰号;脏话(a disparaging or abusive word or phrase)
(类)epithet·disparage=alias·mislead 脏话贬低人=化名误导人 ethereal [] adj. 轻飘的;空气的;太空的(light; heavenly)
(记)epi(在„下)+ thet(=set放)→放在下面说的话→脏话 (反)ethereal ◆ materialponderous 轻飘的 ◆ 物质的沉重的
(记)最常见的网络就是以太网 ether net, ether 以太
epitome [] n.摘要(summary);典型(a typical or ideal example)
(类)epitomize·brevity=embellish·ornamentation 摘要·缩写=装饰·装饰(同义) e t h ic s [ ] n. 伦理学
(类)ethics·behavior=logic·reasoning伦 理学研究行为=逻辑学研究推理过程
equable [] adj. 稳定的(unvarying; steady);心态平和的(not easily disturbed; serene) (记)区别:ethnic 人种的,种族的 ethical adj. 道德的,伦理的
(反)equable ◆ intemperate 心态平和的 ◆ 放纵的
equanimity ◆ agitation excitability 平和 ◆ 激动 etiquette [  ] n. 礼节,礼仪,道德规范
(记)equ(平等) 参考:equator赤道
eulogize [] vt.称赞;颂扬
equanimity [] n. 镇定(composure) (类)eulogy·praise=elegy·lament 颂词表扬=挽歌哀悼
equipoise [] n.v.平衡 encomiast·eulogize=quibbler·cavil 赞美者称赞=吹毛求疵者挑剔
(反)equipoise ◆ vacillate 平衡 ◆ 摇摆 encomium·eulogy=discontent·complain 赞美·赞辞=不满·抱怨(同义)
panegyric·eulogize=lampoon·satirize 颂词称赞=讽刺文讽刺
equity [] n.公平(freedom from bias or favoritism) (反)eulogize ◆ defamationpanstricture 称赞 ◆ 诬蔑批评指责
(类)illiter acy·education=inequity·redistribution 教育消除文盲=重新分配消除不公平 (记)eu(谐音:优→好)+log(说)→说好话→称赞 参考:eugenic优生的
equivalent·interchange= indistinguishable·confound 相等的可以交换=难辨别的
易混淆 euphemism [] n.婉言(mild expression in place of an unpleasant one)
(反)equitable ◆ biased discriminatory 公平的 ◆ 偏袒的 差别对待的 (类)euphemi sm·offense=aphorism·diffuseness=invulnerableness·i njure
婉言不会冒犯=格言不会冗长=无懈可击不会受伤
equivocate [] vi. 模棱两可地说(to avoid making an explicit statement)
(类)equivo cation·ambiguous=platitude·banal=oxymoron·incongru ous euphonious [] adj.悦耳的(pleasing or agreeable to the ear)
模棱两可的话是含糊的=陈词滥调特点是陈腐的=矛盾修饰法是不调和的 (类)euphonious·sound=graceful·movement悦耳的声音=优美的动作
equivocate·commitment=procrastinate·action 模棱两可逃避承诺=拖延逃避行动 (反)euphonious ◆ cacophonous 悦耳的 ◆ 刺耳的
equivocate·deceive=grandstand·impress 模棱两可为欺骗=炫耀为留下印象 (同)melodious, dulcet , sweet, tuneful
equivocal·meaning=amorphous·shape 模棱两可的缺乏意义=无定形的缺乏形状
equivocation·truth=euphemism·offense 模棱两可逃避事实=委婉语避免冒犯 euphoria [] n.精神欢快;欣快症(a feeling of well-being or elation)
equivocation·truth=obfuscation·clarity 模棱两可的话不正确=困惑不明晰 (类)satisfaction·euphoria欣快症表现为过分满意
(反)waffle ◆ speak unequivocally 胡扯 ◆ 说话不模棱两可
equivocation ◆ clarity 模棱两可 ◆ 清楚 euthanasia [  ] n. 安乐死(easy and painless death)
equivocate ◆ communicate straightforwardly 模棱两可地说 ◆ 直率的说 evacuate [] v.疏散;撤离
(同)lie, falsify, palter, prevaricate (反)evacuate ◆ conquerfill upoccupy 撤退 ◆ 占领填满
(记)vacuate:在„中造成真空
erode [] v. 使腐蚀;使侵蚀(to eat into;corrode)
(类 )erode·destruction=accrete·growth=incinerate·singe evanescent [] adj.短暂的;逐渐消失的(fleeting; vanishing)
腐蚀使受到破坏=依附生长使生长=焚毁使烧焦(因果关系) (类)evanescent·disappear(vanish)=periodic·recur短暂的容 易消失=周期性的容易重现
gully·erosion=callus·friction 溪谷是饱经风水侵蚀而成=老茧是饱经摩擦而成 evanescent·permanent=archaic·current 短暂的·永恒的=过时的·流行的
wind·erosion=downpour·flooding 风造成侵蚀=倾盆大雨水使泛滥(因果关系) evanescence·transient=complexity·convoluted
转瞬即逝·短暂的=复杂事物·费解的(正面特征)
errant [] adj.漫游的(moving about aimlessly or irregularly);犯错误的(fallible) (反)evanescent ◆ abidinglastingperpetual 短暂的 ◆ 持久的永久的
(类)erra nt·course=amorphous·shape=heretical·doctrine (记)e+van(谐音:完)+escent(后缀:表示开始)联想:一开始就完了→短暂的。
漫游的没有固定路线=无定型的没有固定形状=异教的不遵从固定教条
errant·standard=digress·topic 犯错误的偏离标准=离题的偏离主题 e v a s ion [] n.逃避,借口(the act or an instance of evading)
(同)erratic,devious,stray ,wandering,aberrant,devious,fallible, errable (类)inclemency·evasion 险恶·逃避

erratic [] adj.不稳定的;古怪的;游移的(having no fixed course) everlasting [] adj.永恒的,无止境的(lasting forever;eternal) n. 永久
(类)erratic·permanent=heroic·craven 游移的不是持久的=英勇的不是懦弱的 (类)everlasting·duration=countless·number 无止境的持续时间=数不清的数目
exemplary·criticized=erratic·predicted 模范的不能批评=游移不定的不能预测 (反)everlasting ◆ ephemeral 永恒的 ◆ 短暂的
(记)以上两个单词都来自error(错误,误差)
evict [] vt.赶出;驱逐(expel)
erudite [] adj. 博学的 n.博学之士 (类)evict·residence=banish·country 逐出住所=驱逐出境
(类)erudite·fathom=oblivious·neglect 博学的能看穿=健忘的易忽略 eviction·dwelling=deportation·country 逐出住所=驱逐出境
(反)ignorant无知的smattering of knowledge知识贫乏的 unlettered未受教育的 (反)evict ◆ harbor 逐出 ◆ 收容
erudition ◆ illiteracy 博学 ◆ 文盲 (记)vict (征服) 参考:victory胜利,战胜
(记)e(去除)+rudite(=rude粗鲁)联想:去除粗鲁当然是博学之士了。
evince [] vt. 表明;表示(show clearly)
escalate [] v.(战争等)升级,上升(to increase in amount, intensity, or scope) (反)evince ◆ conceal keep hidden 表明 ◆ 隐藏
(反)escalate ◆ diminishwane 升级上升 ◆ 减弱 (记)vince(战胜,证明)参考:invincible不可征服的 convince使确信,使信服
(记)esca(=escape逃离)联想:逃离战火 参考:escalator自动扶梯 elevator升降梯
evoke [] vt. 唤起,引发(call forth)
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(反)evoke ◆ fail to elicit 引起 ◆ 不能引出
(例)evoke laughter; 引发笑声 songs that evoke old memories. 唤起往日回忆的歌曲
(记)e(向外)+voke(=voc呼唤)→唤起 参考:convoke 召集revoke撤回 provoke激怒

ewe [  ] n.母羊(ram公羊)
(类)sheep·ewe=swan·pen 羊·母羊=天鹅·雌天鹅(种属)

exacerbate [] vt.激怒;使加剧(worsen;embitter)
(反)exacerbate ◆ allay assuage palliate 加剧 ◆ 缓和
(记)ex(加强)+acerb(苦涩,尖酸)+ate=激怒 参考:acerbic酸的,尖刻的

exacting [] adj.苛求的;吃力的(extremely demanding)
(类)exacting·s atisfied=indomitable·controlled=vigilant·entrapped =wary·gulled
苛求的难以满足=不屈的难以控制=警惕的难以落入陷阱=机警的难以上当
(反)exact ◆ condone forgive 强求 ◆ 宽恕
exactitude ◆ imprecision 正确,严格 ◆ 不精确

exalt [] v. 提升;赞扬(raise in rank or dignity; praise)
(反)exaltation ◆ condemnation 赞扬 ◆ 谴责
exalt ◆ humblelower in status 提升 ◆ 贬抑降低身份
(记)alt(高)参考:altitude(海拔)高度

exasperate [] vt. 激怒,使加剧 adj.激怒的
(反)exasperate ◆ mitigatemollify 激怒 ◆ 缓和
(同)irritate, aggravate, gall, nettle, rile, roil
(记)ex(加强)+ asper(= rough粗暴的)+ate →非常粗鲁的容易激怒别人→激怒
(例)It is exasperating to lose a train by half a minute. 因半分钟之差而误了火车是恼火的。

excavate [] v.挖掘,挖空(to make a hole in;hollow out)
(反)excavate ◆ fill in 挖空 ◆ 填满
(记)ex(加强)+cav(=cave洞)+ate→挖掘

exceptionable adj. 引起反感的,会引起反抗的
(派)unexceptionable adj. 无懈可击的

exceptional [] adj.例外的,异常的,特别的(being an exception; uncommon)
(反)exceptional ◆ commonplaceprosaic 特别的 ◆ 平凡的
(记)exception有两个重要义项1、例外2、异议,反对 分别有两个重要的派生词
exceptional和exceptionable adj.可反对的, 可抗议的, 要不得的;两者意思无任何交插

excerpt [] v. 做摘录n.摘录(selected passage)
(类)summary·excerpt=aside·digression 摘要·摘录=偏离·离题(同义)
(记)比较except除了 联想:除去多余的东西→摘录

excoriate [] v. 严厉批评(to censure strongly;denounce)
(反)excoriate ◆ accoladeextolflatterpraise lavishly
严厉批评 ◆ 推崇备至赞扬过分赞扬高度赞扬
(同)lambaste,castigate, flay, lash, scarify, scathe, scorch, scourge, slash
(记)ex+cori(=core核心)+ate→使黑心露出来→严厉批评;注:原义“擦破皮”。
exclusive [  ] adj. 排外的,独占的,完备的
excoriate [  ] v. 强烈谴责
excrete [] vt. 分泌,排泄(to separate and discharge (waste matter) from the
organs)
(反)excrete ◆ absorb ingest排泄 ◆ 吸收摄入
(记)ex+crete(分离)→分泌,排泄 参考:discrete分离的,不连续的

excruciate [] vt. 施酷刑;折磨(afflict)
(反)excruciate ◆ exult 施酷刑 ◆ 使欢跃
(同)afflict, agonize, crucify, torment, torture
(记)ex(强调)+cruc(=cross十字架)联想:钉在十字架上是一种酷刑→施酷刑,折磨
参考:crusade十字军东征 cruciform十字形的

exculpate [] vt. 声明无罪;开脱(clear from blame)
(类)exculpatory·absolve=hortative· encouragemotivational·stir
辩明无罪的·释放=劝告的·鼓励激发动机的·激励
alibi·exculpatory=warning·admonitory
借口特点是辩解的=警告特点是警告的(正面特征)
(反)exculpate ◆ attribute guilt inculpate indict 开脱罪责 ◆ 归罪 控告
(同)absolve, acquit, disculpate, exonerate, vindicate
(记)ex(否定前缀)+ culpate(罪过) 参考:inculpate 治罪,控告

excursive [] adj. 离题的;散漫的(having the nature of digression)
(类)digress·excursive=reiterate·redundant 离题·离题的=反复重申·多余的
(记)cursive(潦草马虎的)→离题的

execrate [] v.憎恶;咒骂(curse; express abhorrence for)
(反)execrate ◆ laud 咒骂 ◆ 赞美
execrable ◆ commendable 憎恶的 ◆ 值得表扬的
execration ◆ approbation 咒骂 ◆ 嘉许
(同)curse, objurgate, abhor, abominate, detest, loathe,swear, imprecate
(记)ex+secrate(=sacred神的,宗教的)→背离神圣→憎恶,咒骂 参考:sacrifice牺牲,供


exemplary [] adj.可仿效的;模范的(worthy of imitation; commendable)
(类)exemplary·imitation=culpable·b lame=notable·attention
模范的·模仿=有罪的·怪罪=著名的·注意(因果关系)
emulate·exemplary=obviate·unnecessary 仿效典范的=除去不需要的
exemplify·paradigm=amends·corrective
例示用范例=修正用改正物(corrective :an agent that corrects)

exempt [] adj. 免除的 vt. 使免除(to free from an obligation to which others are
subject)
(类)exempt·liability=pardon·penalty 免除债务=宽恕罪过(消除关系)
(记)联想:exemple榜样,模范→模范乘车可以免票→免除

exhaust [] vt. 耗尽(deplete, drain);使精疲力尽(to wear out completely)
(类)infinite·exhaust=discrete·overlap 无穷的不会耗尽=分离的不会重叠
exhausted·rest=thirsty·imbibe 精疲力尽的需要休息=口渴的需要喝水
exhaustive·careful=mesmerized·interesting 详尽的·仔细的=着迷的·有趣的(程度)
【注】exhaustive :treating all parts or aspects without omission;thorough
(反)exhaustive ◆ incompletepartial 彻底的 ◆ 不完全的部分的
(记)ex(加强)+ haust(谐音:耗死它)→耗尽;使精疲力尽
list 13 exhilarate --------finicky
exhilarate [] vt. 使振奋;使兴奋(To cause to feel happily refreshed and
energetic;elate)
(反)exhilarate ◆ sadden 使兴奋 ◆ 使悲哀
soporific ◆ exhilarating 昏昏欲睡的 ◆ 令人兴奋的
(同)elate, inspire, spirit (up), stimulate
(记)ex(表强调)+hilar(= cheerful高兴的)→非常高兴 参考:hilarious高兴的,欢闹的

exhort [] v. 劝告;规劝(urge)
(类)exhort·suggest=goad·direct 规劝·建议=(像赶牛棒)驱赶·指导
exhortation·encourage=hurl·insult 劝告使鼓励=愤慨地说使侮辱
exhortation·motivate=invec tive·discreditobloquy·discredit=persiflage·incite
劝告使有动机=谩骂使丢脸指责使耻辱=戏弄挖苦使刺激
exhortative·urge=didactic·teach 劝告的·驱策=说教的·教导
(同)urge, goad, prick, prod, prompt, propel, spur
(记)ex(加强)+hort(鼓舞)→鼓劲→劝其向上 参考:hortation n. 劝告,鼓励

exigent [ ] adj.紧急的, 迫切的
(反)deferrable 可延期的,可暂缓的

exodus [] vt.大批离去(departure)
(反)exodus ◆ influx 大批离去 ◆ 流入
(记)将dus看成bus;联想:一群人乘坐大巴离去。

exonerate [] v. 免除责任;确定无罪(acquit; exculpate)
(类)exonerate·blame=disentangleextricate·snarl 免除责任·责备=解开摆脱·纠缠
(反)exonerate ◆ censure incriminate inculpate prove guilty
免罪 ◆ 责难控告证明有罪
(记)ex+oner(= burden负担,责任)→免除责任 参考:onerous费力的,负有法律责任的

exorbitant [] adj. 过度的(excessive)
(类)exorbitant·moderation=perfidious·loyalty 过度的·适度=背信弃义的·忠诚(形名反
义)
(记)ex(偏离)+orbit(轨道)→偏离轨道的→过度的

exotic [] adj.外来的,奇异的(not native; strange)n.外国人
(反)exotic ◆ indigenous 外来的 ◆ 本地的

expansive [] adj. 易膨胀的;广阔的;健谈的,外向的;自大狂的
(类)expand·volume=proliferate·number 体积膨胀=数量增加(增加关系)
(反)expansive ◆ limited reservedtaciturnwithdrawn
广阔的,健谈的 ◆ 有限的冷漠的沉默寡言的性格内向的
(反)expansive ◆ diffident 自大狂的 ◆ 无自信的
【注:diffident 与malicious(恶毒的)同时出现选择diffident】
(例)expansive delusion 自大狂

expediency [] n. 适合;权宜之计
expedite [] vt.加快(hasten)adj.无阻碍的;迅速的
(类)expedite·process=accelerate·pace 加快进程=加速步伐
(反)expedite ◆ retard 加速 ◆ 减速

expedition [] n.远征;探险队;迅速
(类)expedition·foot dragging=consensus·factionalism
迅速·拖拉=一致同意·党派之争(反义)
(反)expedition ◆ foot dragging 迅速 ◆ 脚步拖沓

expendable adj. 可消费(耗)的,不值得保存的,可牺牲的
(例)expendable civilian targets. 可牺牲的平民目标
expendable rocket boosters. 不能再用的助推火箭
expendable personnel 冗员 an expendable source. 可消费的资源

expiate [] vt.补偿 vi.赎罪make amends for (a sin)
(类)expiate·guilt=correct·error=repose·fatigue
赎罪·罪行=改正·错误=休息·疲劳(前者消除后者)

expire [] v.期满;终止;断气
(反)expire ◆ come to life断气 ◆ 出生

explicate [ ] 详细说明;详细解释
(记)区别:implicate暗示;牵连 complicate使复杂,使纠缠

explicit [] adj.外在的;清楚的;直率的;结尾的(totally clear; definite)
(反)explicit ◆ immanent 外在的 ◆ 内在的
explicit ◆ inchoate 结尾的 ◆ 开始的
explicit ◆ obscure 清晰的 ◆ 模糊的
(记)参考implicit:暗示的,含蓄的

exploit n. 英雄事迹(a notable or heroic act)v. 开发(develop);剥削(use selfishly)
(类)exploit·heroic=gaffe·tactless 英雄事迹是英勇的=社交失态是不老练的

exponent [] n.倡导者;阐述者(one that champions, practices, or exemplifies)
(类)pollster·canvass=exponent·advocate 民意测验者·民意调查=倡导者·提倡(正面特
征)
(记)ex(强调)+ponent(同类) 参考:opponent对手

expostulate [  ] v. 规劝,告诫(argue earnestly to dissuade, correct, or protest)
expunge [  ] v. 擦去(To erase or strike out)完全消除(to eliminate completely)
(记)punge刺→刺要完全消除 参考:pungent辛辣的,刺鼻的

expurgate [] v.净化;删去不当处(clean; remove offensive parts of a book)
(类)censor·expurgate=vendor·purvey 检察员·删除=卖主·供应(正面特征)
(反)inexpurgate ◆ obliterate 无法除去 ◆ 除去
(记)purge:泄药,净化

exscind [ ek5sind ] vt.割开, 切除, 切断(to cut out, cut away)
exsert [  ] vt.使突出, 使伸出(thrust out, push forth)
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exquisite [] adj.高雅的;精致的(characterized by intricate and beautiful design)
(反)exquisite ◆ tawdry 高雅的 ◆ 俗丽的
(记)来自quis奎斯(欧洲的一种丘鹬)·这种鸟非常高雅

extant [] adj.现存的;传世的(still in existence)
(反)extant ◆ destroyedextinctlostmissing 现存的 ◆ 被毁的灭绝的丢失的

extemporize [] v.即席演说
(类)e xtemporization·rehearsal=honesty·guilt即兴演出·排演=诚实·狡 猾(反义)
extemporization·spontaneous=juggernaut·u nstoppable
即席演说特点是自发的=摧毁一切的强大力量特点是无法阻止的
(反)extemporize ◆ follow a script 即席演说 ◆ 参考草稿
extemporaneous ◆ planned 即席的 ◆ 有计划的

extenuate [] vt.减轻;使人原谅(weaken; mitigate)
(类)extenuate·ser iousness=moderate·intensity减轻·严重性=缓和·强度
(反)extenuating ◆ aggravating 减轻的 ◆ 加剧的
(记)ex(加强)+ tenuate(变薄,减弱)

extinct [] adj.绝种的;熄灭了的(no longer existing or living)
(反)extinct ◆ extant resuscitated 灭绝的 ◆ 现存的使复苏的
extinction ◆ perpetuation 灭绝 ◆ 永存

extinguish [] vt.熄灭;消灭(to put out (a fire, for example); quench)
(反)extinguish ◆ ignite rekindle 熄灭 ◆ 点燃重新点燃

extirpate [  ] vt.消灭, 根除, 毁灭(to destroy, exterminate, cut out, exscind)
extol [] v. 颂扬;吹捧(praise; glorify)
(反)censure deprecate detract excoriate impugn malign rail vilify

extort [] v.敲诈;强占(wring from; get money by threats, etc.)
(类)extortionist·in timidation=sycophant·flattery勒索者·胁迫=谄媚者·谄媚
extortion·retribution=kidnap·detainment=extort·obt ain
强求·报偿=绑架·拘留=敲诈·获得(不正常·正常)

extract [] n.榨出物;摘录 vt.榨取;摘录
(反)extract ◆ embed 取出 ◆ 嵌入
extraction n. 血统,出身(origin; lineage);提取, 摘要
(反)hybrid ◆ of unmixed extraction 杂种,混血儿 ◆ 纯正血统

extraneous [] adj.外来的;无关的;体外的
(类)extraneous·essence=achromatic·hue无关的不是本质=无色 的没有色调
(反)extraneous ◆ appositeessentialrelevant 无关的 ◆ 恰当的本质的相关的
extraneous ◆ intuitive 体外的 ◆ 直觉的
extrinsic ◆ immanentinherent ingrained 外在的 ◆ 内在的根深蒂固的

extravagant [] adj.奢侈的;无节制的
(类)extravagance·expenditure=loqu aciousness·talk奢侈是开支多=啰嗦是话多
(反)frugality ◆ extravagancy 节省 ◆ 挥霍

extricate [] vt.使解脱,救出(free; disentangle)
(反)extricate ◆ enmeshentangle 使解脱 ◆ 缠住

exuberant [] adj.繁茂的;丰富的;非常高兴的(abundant; effusive; lavish)
(类)exuberant·happy=soaking·wetfrigid·cool 非常高兴·高兴=湿透的·湿严寒·冷(程
度)
(反)exuberance ◆ ennui 高兴的 ◆ 倦怠的
(同)brash, ebullient, effervescent, vivacious
(记)uber(生育力)→繁茂

exude [] .(使)流出;(使)渗出(discharge; give forth)
(反)exude ◆ absorb 流出 ◆ 吸收

exult [] v.狂喜(rejoice)
(类)exult·satisfaction=crave·longing 狂喜·满意=热望·渴望(程度)
(反)exultant ◆ abjectcrestfallendejected 狂喜的 ◆ 极可怜的沮丧的
exultation ◆ lamentation 狂喜 ◆ 悲伤

fable [] n.寓言
(类)fable·tale=ditty·song 寓言是一种故事=小曲是一种歌(种属)

fabricate [] vt.制造(manufacture);捏造(build; lie)
(类)fabricate·authentic=discompose·pacific 捏造不真实的=不安不平静的
fabricate·ingenuous=discompose·placid 捏造不坦白的=不安不宁静的

facetious [] adj. 轻浮的;好开玩笑的(humorous;jocular;witty)
(类)facetious·speech=antic·behavior 好开玩笑的·讲话=滑稽的·行为
(反)facetious ◆ earnestingenuouslugubrious 轻浮的 ◆ 认真的坦率的悲哀的
(记)face脸上+ious轻浮的(表情)

facilitate [] vt.帮助;使容易;促进(make less difficult)
(反)facilitate ◆ hamper impede obstruct thwart 促进 ◆ 阻碍;妨碍
facile ◆ arduous profound 易做到的 ◆ 艰巨的 深邃的

faction [] n.派别;派系斗争(party; clique; dissension) (类)consensus·factionalism=clarity·confusion=expe dition·foot dragging
一致同意·派系分裂=清晰·混淆=迅速·拖沓(反义)
(反)factional ◆ disinterested ecumenical 派系的 ◆ 无私的世界范围的
faction ◆ unity 内讧 ◆ 团结
factious ◆ cooperative 派系斗争的 ◆ 合作的
factorable ◆ irreducible 可因子分解的 ◆ 不可分解的

factitious [] adj. 人工的,做作的,虚假的
fallacy [] n.谬论
(类)disabuse·fallacy=cure·disea se打消错误观念=治愈疾病(消除关系)
(反)fallacious ◆ soundvalidveritableverifiableveracious 错误的 ◆ 合理的正确的
fallacy ◆ valid argument 谬论 ◆ 正确论点
fallibility ◆ inerrancy 易错 ◆ 无错误

fallow [] adj.休耕的;闲置的(plowed but sowed; uncultivated)
(反)fallow ◆ in use 闲置的 ◆ 使用中的

fail-safe [] n.自动防故障装置
(类)fail-safe·malfunction 自动防故障装置·故障(阻止关系)

falsehood [] n.谎言;虚假
(类)falsehood·calumniate=evidence·corroborate 用谎言诽谤=用证据证实

falter [] n.v. 蹒跚;颤抖;动摇(hesitate)支吾说话
(类)falter·act=stammer·speak 蹒跚是动作不灵活=结巴是说话不灵活
(同)lurch,stagger,stumble, wobble,hesitate,vacillate,waver, wiggle-waggle

fanatic [] n.狂热者;盲信者 adj.狂热的;盲信的
(类)fanatic·admirer=zealot·adherent 盲信者·爱慕者=狂热者·追随者(程度)
fanatic·devoted=prude·proper 狂热者是献身的=守礼者是适宜的
fanatical·belief=frenetic·movement 狂热的信念=极度激动的动作

fang [] n.(犬狼等的)犬牙;(毒蛇的)毒牙
(类)fang·tooth=finger·digit 犬牙·牙齿=手指尤指大拇指以外的·手指(种属)

fantasy [] n.v.幻想
(类)grotesque·fantasy=imperial·significance 怪诞的·幻想=帝王的·重要
illusion·fantasy=nicety·precision 幻觉·幻想=精密·精确(同义)
(记)Final Fantasy系列,Square公司的大作 参考:fantasia幻想曲

farce [] n.闹剧(broad comedy; mockery)
(类)farce·performance=limerick·poem 闹剧·演出=5行打油诗·诗(种属)
(同)mockery, burlesque, caricature, travesty

fascinate [] vt.强烈吸引;使着迷
(类)fascination·interest=adoration·fondness 着迷·感兴趣=崇拜·喜爱(程度)

fast [] n. 绝食;斋戒 adv. 快地;稳固地
(类)fast·eat=moratorium·actrespite·labor 斋戒·吃=暂停·行动暂停·劳动
clasp·fasten=lathe·shape 扣子·扣紧固定=车床·成形(工具及其作用)
(反)fast ◆ loosely attach 稳固地 ◆ 松散地连接
fastness ◆ unsecured palace 要塞 ◆ 没有防卫的地方
secure ◆ unfasten 使牢固 ◆ 使松开
(记)(fast)绝食不是靠(fast)速成的,需要忍耐

fastidious [] adj.难取悦的;挑剔的
(类)fastidious·careful=zealous·devoted
挑剔的是极其细心的=狂热的是极其忠诚的(程度)
dapper·fastidious衣冠楚楚的是挑剔的(正面特征)
(反)fastidious ◆ coarse cursory easygoing indiscriminate uncritical
挑剔的 ◆ 粗糙的草率的懒散的混杂的不加批判的
(记)动不动就fast 绝食的人难以取悦 fastidious
(例)She is fastidious about her clothesfood,etc. 她对于衣服食物很苛求。

fateful [] adj.命中注定的;重大的;致命性的(vitally affecting subsequent events;
momentous)
(反)fateful ◆ inconsequential 重大的 ◆ 不重要的

fathom [] v. 理解,调查,测量(comprehend; investigate)
(类)erudite·fathom=oblivious·neglect博学的容易理解=健忘的容易忽略
(反)measurable ◆ unfathomable 可测量的 ◆ 无法测量的,深不可测的
occult ◆ readily fathomable 秘密的 ◆ 已理解透的

fatigue [] n.v.疲惫 adj.疲惫的
(类)fatigue·reposerest=dehydration·wate r=guilt·expiation
疲劳·休息=脱水·水=内疚·赎罪,补偿(消除关系)
(反)indefatigable ◆ soon tired 不知疲倦的 ◆ 很快疲倦的

fatuous []adj.愚昧的;痴呆的;虚幻的(foolish;inane)
(反)fatuous ◆ astutesagacioussensible 愚笨的 ◆ 机敏的聪慧的敏感的
(同)asinine, foolish, silly, unwitty

faultfinder n.找岔,喜欢挑剔的人(one who is given to petty criticism and constant complaint)
(类)faultfinder·criticize=arbitrator·mediate 喜欢挑剔的人批评=仲裁人调解

favorable []adj. 有利的(helpful);顺利的(propitious)
(反)untoward 不利的,麻烦不顺利的

fawn [] n.未满周岁的小鹿;巴结 v.阿谀奉承(grovel, toady)adj.奉承的
(类)fawn·adulate=adorn·woo 奉承为了谄媚=装饰打扮为了求爱
fawn·attentive=garish·colorful奉承的是过分殷勤的= 俗丽的是过分色彩艳丽的
fawn·hauteur=elaborate·sketchy=swagger·self depreciatory
阿谀·倨傲专横=详细阐述·粗略的=摆架子·自卑(反义)
fawn·obsequious=patronize·condescending=yield· compliant
奉承·奉承的=屈尊·屈尊的=屈服·顺从的(动形同义)
sycophant·fawn=miser·hoard =reprobate·misbehave
马屁精爱拍马=守财奴爱贮藏=堕落者爱行为不端(正面特征)
【注】reprobate有两个意思V. 责备N. 堕落放纵的人

faze [] vt. 打扰,折磨,使狼狈(disconcert; dismay)
(反)embolden ◆ faze 使大胆 ◆ 使狼狈
fazed ◆ undisturbed 打扰的 ◆ 未被打扰的
(同)embarrass,abash, discomfit,disconcert, discountenance, rattle

feasible [  ] adj.可行的, 切实可行的
feckless [] adj. 无效的;无力气的;粗心不负责任的(careless and irresponsible)
(反)feckless ◆ responsible 粗心的 ◆ 负责任的
(同)fustian, meaningless, purposeless, worthless

fecund [] adj. 多产的;丰饶的;肥沃的(capable of producing offspring or vegetation)
(反)fecundity ◆ deprivation 多产 ◆ 丧失
(同)fertile, fruitful, productive, prolific, rich, spawning
(记)谐音“肥垦的” 联想:肥沃能够开垦的
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32 蓝宝GRE笔考词汇突破核心词汇 蓝宝GRE笔考词汇突破核心词汇
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(类)filter·impurities=winnow·chaff 过滤除去杂质=扬谷除去谷壳
feeble [] adj.衰弱的;无效的(lacking strength;weak.) mosquito·netting = impurity·filter 蚊子·网=杂质·过滤(后者消除前者)
(类)feeble·strength=disquiet·composure 无力的·力气=不安的·镇静(缺乏关系)
(反)feeble ◆ hardy 衰弱的 ◆ 强壮的 finale [] n.终场;结尾;终曲
(反)finale ◆ opening scene 收尾 ◆ 开场
feign [ ] v. 假装 捏造,伪造,虚构(feigned adj. 假装的,虚假的)
(类)genuine ◆ feigned 真正的 ◆ 假装的 finch [] n.雀类鸣鸟(如燕雀,金丝雀)
(类)finch·bird=aspen·tree=lizard·reptile=eagle·bird
fender [] n.挡泥板;防御物 雀·鸟=杨树·树=蜥蜴·爬行动物=鹰·鸟(种属)
(类)fender·collision 挡板防止碰撞(防止关系)
finesse [] n.技巧;计谋;手段(delicate skill)
feral [] adj.野生的;凶猛的(of or suggestive of a wild animal;savage) (反)finesse ◆ heavy-handedness ineptitude 技巧 ◆ 愚笨 无能
(反)feral ◆ cultivated 野生的 ◆ 栽培的
finicky [] adj. 过分讲究的(extremely nice, exacting, or meticulous in taste or standards)
ferocity [  ] n. 凶恶,凶猛,猛烈,强烈 (类)meticulous·finicky=fluent·glib 仔细的·挑剔的=流利的·油腔滑调(褒贬)
ferret [  ] v. 用雪貂猎取,追逐 搜出,查获(to search about) (同)dainty, fastidious, finical, fussy, pernickety
ferrous [] adj.铁的;含铁的
(反)ferrous ◆ containing no iron 含铁的 ◆ 不含铁的 list 14 flaccid --------galvanize
flaccid [] adj.软弱无力的(flabby)
fertilize [] vt.施肥;使丰饶;使受精(to make (soil, for example) fertile) (反)flaccidity ◆ firmness 软弱 ◆ 坚固
(类)fertilize·grow=immunize·resist 施肥目的是使生长=免疫目的是使抵抗(疾病) (同)limp, flabby, flimsy, floppy
【注:干扰选项是nourish·enrich 滋养·滋养 这两个词是同义关系不是目的
enrich :to add nutrients to 给„添加营养物质】 flag [] n.旗;标记 v.标记;变弱衰退(droop; grow feeble)
glue·seal=manure·fertilize 胶水·封口=肥料·使肥沃(事物及其功能) (类)flag·country=trademark·company 国家的标志是旗帜=公司的标志是商标
flag·vigor=waver·resolution 衰弱·精力=犹豫·果断(消除关系)
fervid [] adj.热情的(marked by great passion or zeal) (反)flag ◆ wax 衰弱 ◆ 增加
(反)fervid ◆ restrained 热情的 ◆ 克制的 flagging ◆ thriving vibrant 衰弱的 ◆ 兴旺的活跃的
unflagging ◆ fading 恒定的不衰减的 ◆ 消逝的
fervor [] n.热情(great warmth and intensity of emotion)
(类)fervor·apathetic=ennui·enthusiastic 热心·无动于衷的=倦怠·狂热的 flamboyant [] adj. 辉耀华丽的;火焰似的;浮夸的
fervor·zealot=doubt·skept ic=improvidence·spendthrift (类)flamboyant·reserved=furtive·open 炫耀的·保留的=秘密的·公开的
热心·狂热的=疑惑·怀疑的=浪费·浪费的(名形同义) (反)flamboyant ◆ natural subdued understated 辉耀浮夸的 ◆ 自然的 柔和的 朴素的
(反)zealotry ◆ lack of fervor 狂热行为 ◆ 缺乏热心 (同)baroque, florid, luscious,showy,ostentatious,pretentious,splashy
fervor ◆ apathyindifference 热情 ◆ 冷漠
(同)passion, ardor, calenture, enthusiasm, zeal flatter [] vt.过分夸赞;奉承(to compliment excessively and often insincerely, especially in
order to win favor)
fester [] n.脓疮 v.溃烂;感染(to infect, inflame, or corrupt.);烦恼 (类)flatter·praise=loquacious·talkative 奉承·赞扬=多嘴的·喜欢说话的(褒贬)
(反)fester ◆ heal 溃烂 ◆ 愈合 sabbatical·leave=flattering·infatuation
休假是属于周期性休息的=令人痴迷之物是讨人喜欢的
fetid [] adj.有恶臭的(malodorous) disparage·ignore = scorn·reject (干扰:adulate·flatter奉承·奉承(程度))
(类) fetid·smell=cacophonous(grating)·soundugly·appeara nce 蔑视·忽视 =轻蔑·拒绝(褒贬)
恶臭的气味=刺耳的声音丑陋的外表 toady·flatter=extortionist·intimidation=querulous person·complain
(反)fetid ◆ having a pleasant smell 恶臭的 ◆ 有愉快芳香的 谄媚者·奉承=勒索者·恐吓=发牢骚的人·抱怨(正面特征)
(反)flatter ◆ excoriate invective 奉承 ◆ 严厉批评谩骂的
fetter [] n.脚镣 v.束缚(s hackle)
(反)fetter ◆ loosereleaseset free 束缚 ◆ 松弛解放 flaunting adj. 炫耀卖弄的(show off complacently)
enfetter ◆ enfranchiseliberate 束缚 ◆ 释放 flaw [] n. 瑕疵;缺点 v. 生裂缝
management ◆ unfettered liberty 管理 ◆ 没有约束的自由 (类)glitch·flaw=peccadillo·error(sin,offense) 小故障·缺点=小错误·错误
impeccable·flaw=ingenuous·guile 无暇的·瑕癖=真诚的·狡猾(反面特征)
fiasco [] n.大失败;惨败(total failure)
(反)fiasco ◆ a notable success eclat unalloyed success 大失败 ◆ 显著的成功 巨大成flax [] n.亚麻
就 (类)flax·linen=clay·porcelain 亚麻·亚麻织品=粘土·瓷器(原料产品关系)

fickle [] adj.(感情等)易变的(capricious);薄情的 fledge [] v.长羽毛(to grow the plumage necessary for flight)
(类)fickle·constancy=naive·sophistication 感情易变的·专一=天真的·老于世故 (反)fledge ◆ molt 长羽毛 ◆ 脱毛
(同)capricious, lubricious, mercurial, temperamental, ticklish, volatile fledgling ◆ experienced practitioner 刚开始的人 ◆ 有经验的从业者

fictitious [] adj.虚构的;小说的(imaginary) fleet [] adj.快速的 vt.消磨 vi.疾驰;飞逝;掠过
(反)fictitious ◆ factual 虚构的 ◆ 事实的 (类)fleeting·pass=meteoric·rise 疾驰的·通过=流星似的·升起(快速对行为)

fidelity [] n.忠诚;尽职(loyalty) flexible [] adj. 有弹性的;柔韧的;灵活的
(反)apostasy ◆ fidelity 背叛 ◆ 忠实 (类)limber·flexibility=spindly·frailty 易弯曲的·柔韧性=细长的·脆弱
static·moving=pliable·inflexible 静止的·移动的=易弯的·不可弯曲的
fidget [] vi.n.坐立不安;烦躁 flexibility·spinelessness=courage·dar edevilry=courage·foolhardiness
(类)fidget·nervousness=cringe·dread 坐立不安·紧张=畏缩·畏惧(行为表现心理) 柔韧性·没骨气=勇气·冒失(正常和过分关系)
(反)flexible ◆ mulish 灵活的 ◆ 和骡子一样固执的
figment [  ] n. 臆造的事物,虚构的事(something made up or contrived) flexibility ◆ calcification 柔韧 ◆ 僵化

figurative [] adj.比喻的;字意引申的(not literal, but metaphorical) flight [  ] n. 逃跑,溃退(an act or instance of running away)
(反)figurative ◆ literal 比喻的 ◆ 照字面上的
flinch [] n.v.畏缩;退缩(to recoil, as from something unpleasant or difficult;shrink)
figurehead n 傀儡(名义上为领袖但无实权的人) (类)grisly·flinch=droll·laugh 恐怖的·畏缩·好笑的·笑 (动作及其引发原因)
(类)absolute·autocrat= nominal·figurehead绝对的·独裁=有名无实的·傀儡(正面特征) flinch·fear=grimace·pain 畏缩·害怕=痛苦的表情·疼痛(动作表达心理)
(记)区别:filch 偷窃;filth 污秽;finch 雀类
filch [  ] vt.偷窃(没有什么价值的东西),窃取
flippancy [] n. 轻率,无礼
figurine [] n.小雕像 (类)flip·respect=nonchalant·concern 无礼的·尊重=冷漠的·关心(反面特征)
(类)figurine·statue=twig·branch 小雕像·雕像=小树枝·树枝(小·正常) (反)flippancy ◆ earnestgravityseriousnesssobriety 轻率 ◆ 认真,庄重,冷静

filial [] adj.子女的 flirt [] v.调情(to make playfully romantic or sexual overtures) n.调情者
(记)fili儿子→子女的;参考:affiliation 加入;联系 (类)supplicant·beseeching=coquette·flirtatious 哀求者·哀求的=风骚女人·调情的

filibuster [] n.v. 妨碍议事;阻挠(block legislation by making long speeches) flit [] n.v.掠过;迁徙(fly; dart lightly; pass swiftly by)
(类)filibuster·delay=hoax·deceive 妨碍议事·拖延=骗局·欺骗(正面特征) (类)flit·move=blurt·utter迅速飞过·移动·突然说出·出声(迅速对正常)
filibuster·legislation=blockade·commerce 妨碍议事阻挠立法=封锁阻挠商业交往 (反) flit ◆ plod 迅速飞过 ◆ 沉重缓慢地走
(记)fili(谐音“费力”)+buster(破坏者)费力破坏→阻挠
flock [] n.一群;大量 v.聚结
filigree [] n.金银丝做的工艺品(ornamental openwork of delicate design) (类)clique·intimates=flock·sheep 私党·熟友=羊群·绵羊(组成关系)
(类)chiaroscuro·contrast=fili gree·delicacy(干扰:tapestry·intricacy 挂毯·复杂) herd·animals=flock·birds 兽群·动物=鸟群·鸟(组成关系)
明暗配合法特点是对比=金银丝工艺品特点是精致(正面特征) (反)flock ◆ segregate 聚集 ◆ 隔离
filigree·wire=lace·thread金银丝做的工艺品·金属丝=饰带·线(材料关系)
florid adj.华丽的(very flowery in style)
filing [] n.锉屑(a particle or shaving removed by a file) (反)florid ◆ inane 华丽的 ◆ 空洞的(EMPTY, INSUBSTANTIAL)(需进一步讨论)
(类)filing·metal=shaving·wood 锉屑由锉金属产生=刨屑由刨木头产生
flounder [] n.v.挣扎;犯错;困难地往前走
filly [] n.小雌马 (类)flounder·process 困难地往前走·前行
(类)filly·horse=pullet·chicken 小母马·马=小母鸡·鸡(小雌性对总称) (反)flounder ◆ act gracefully 挣扎 ◆ 优美地行动
flounder ◆ slide 困难地往前走 ◆ 滑动
filter [] v.过滤(to remove by passing through a filter) n. 滤器 (同)blunder, lurch, stumble
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33

flourish [] vi.繁荣;茂盛;炫耀(grow well; prosper; make sweeping gestures)
(反)flourish ◆ waste awaywither 繁荣 ◆ 衰弱凋谢
flourish ◆ lack of embellishment 炫耀 ◆ 缺乏装饰

flout [] n.v.蔑视(reject; mock)
(类)flout·disregard=taunt·challenge 蔑视·忽视=嘲弄·挑战(程度)
(同)scoff, fleer, gibe, gird, jeer, jest, sneer

fluctuate [] vi.波动;动摇(wave)
(类)pristine·decay=stable·fluctuation 纯洁的·腐败=稳定的·动摇(反面特征)
(反)fluctuate ◆ remain steady 波动 ◆ 保持稳定
fluctuation ◆ invariance 波动性 ◆ 不变性

fluent [] adj.流利的;流畅的
(类)fluent·glib=humorous·wry [meticulous·finickynitpick]
流利的·油腔滑调的=幽默的·讽刺性幽默的(褒贬)
【注:编者认为如果两组搭配同时出现优先选前 者;因为无论是glib还是wry都是对对应词的一
种歪
曲。流利走上歪路变成了圆滑,而 幽默走上了歪路变成了讽刺。而后者仔细的和过分仔细的即使
有褒
贬的含义这种褒贬关系也不 是歪曲的感觉,而是一种正向的关系“过度”;有程度的意味在里面。
你能
说过度仔细的达到 了挑剔的程度;但你不能说过度流利的到了圆滑的程度;或者过度幽默的到了
讽刺
的程度。】
(反)fluent ◆ halting 流利的 ◆ 犹豫的

fluke [] n.侥幸(unlikely occurrence; stroke of fortune)
(反)fluke ◆ expected occurrence 侥幸 ◆ 预期发生

flush [] vi.脸红;冲洗(to be emptied or cleaned by a rapid flow of water, as a toilet.)
(类)galvanize·stimulate=irrigate·flush 刺激·刺激=冲洗(伤口)·冲洗(同义)

fluster [] v. 慌乱(confuse)
(反)flustered ◆ calm 慌乱的 ◆ 冷静的
(同)discompose, agitate, bother, disquiet, disturb, perturb

fluvial [] adj. 河流的
(类)fluvial·river=sidereal·star 河流的·河流=恒星的·恒星

foible [] n.小缺点 (类)foible·failing=squabble·dispute(tiff,quarrel) 小缺点·缺点=小争吵·争吵
foible·fault(flaw)=quibble·objection 小缺点·缺点=小反对·反对

foil [] v.挫败 n.金属薄片
(类)foil·metal=veneer·wood 金属薄片·金属=饰面薄板·木材
(反)foil ◆ implement 挫败 ◆ 生效帮助

foliage [] n.树叶;一簇叶子(masses of leaves)
(类)foliage·bush=plumage·bird 一簇叶子·树丛=羽毛束·鸟(事物及其所属物)

foment [] vt.引发;煽动(stir up; instigate)
(类)conducive·foment=tonic·invigorate 有助于的·煽动=滋补的·使健壮(因果)
foment·discontentment=disseminate·information 煽动不满=传播信息
(反)foment ◆ allaydefuseimpedeinhibit placatequashquellsquelchstiflethwart
煽动 ◆ 缓和阻碍禁止安抚镇压扼杀阻挠
(同)incite, abet, instigate, provoke, raise,stir(up)

foolproof [] adj.连傻子都懂的;十分简单的
(类)foolproof·fail=airtight·leak
连傻子都懂的难以失败=密封的难以泄漏(难以关系)

footloose [] adj.自由自在的
(类)footloose·attachment=d auntless·trepidationunversed·familiarity
自由自在的·附着=无所畏惧的·恐惧不熟练的·熟悉(行为及其反面特征)
(反)footloose ◆ attached 无拘束的 ◆ 附着的
(记)foot+loose松开脚=自由的

forage [  ] n. 饲料,粮草; v. 搜寻,翻寻
(例)foraged a chicken for the feast 为宴会搜寻一只鸡。

forebear [] n.祖先
(反)forebears ◆ descendants 祖先 ◆ 后代

forbearance [] n.克制;忍耐;宽容
(反)forbearance ◆ impatience 克制 ◆ 无耐心

ford [] n.浅滩 v.涉水place where a river can be crossed on foot
(类)ford·river=pass·mountain
渡水过河=通过隘口过山(穿越关系【山·水二层对应】)
(记)联想:Ford 福特汽车

forfeit [  ] vt. 被罚没收,丧失(to lose or lose the right to by some error)
(例)You have forfeited your chance of getting your money back. 你失去了取回钱的机会。

forestall [] vt.预先阻止;先发制人prevent by taking action in advance
(反)forestall ◆ abetprecipitate 预先阻止 ◆ 教唆促成

foreword [] n.前言
(类)foreword·introductory=appellation·designate
前言·引导的=指派;命名·已受委派而尚未上任的(正面特征)

forgery [] n.伪造;伪造品
(类)forgery·documents=plagiarism·ideas 伪造文件=剽窃思想
forger·metal=miller·grain
锻造工·金属=磨坊工·谷物(职业及其工作对象【二层对应·碾磨】)

forgo [  ] 弃绝;放弃(to abstain from; relinquish)

formidable [] adj.可怕的;艰难的(menacing; threatening);令人钦佩的,优秀的
(反)formidable ◆ comfortingenticinggenialreassuring
可怕的 ◆ 安慰的引诱的和蔼可亲的安慰的
formidable ◆ simple 艰难的 ◆ 简单的
(同)appalling,awful,dreadful, terrible, arduous, labored, strenuous

forthright [] adj.直率的;立即的(straightforward; direct; frank)
(类)forthright·guile=acrid·gentleness 直率的·欺骗=刻薄的·和蔼(反面特征)
(反)forthright ◆ furtive 直率的 ◆ 偷偷摸摸的

fortify [] vt.增强
(反)fortify ◆ enervatevitiate 增强 ◆ 使衰弱削弱
fortified ◆ debilitated 增强的 ◆ 削弱的

fortuitous [  ] adj.偶然的, 幸运的
foster [] vt. 养育培养;鼓励(to promote the growth and development of)
(反)foster ◆ stifle 养育 ◆ 扼杀
foster ◆ thwart 鼓励 ◆ 阻挠【注:干扰选项retract 撤回】

founder [] vt. 完败(fail completely)沉没(sink) n.奠基者
(反)founder ◆ afloatstay aloft 沉没 ◆ 漂浮在高处
founder ◆ succeed 完败 ◆ 成功

fracas [] n.喧闹的吵架(brawl; melee)
(反)fracas ◆ peaceful discussion 喧闹的吵架 ◆ 平和的讨论

fracture [] n.破裂;骨折
(反)fracture ◆ cement 破裂 ◆ 像水泥结合巩固

fragile [] adj.易碎的;脆弱的;纤巧的
(类) fragile·break=porous·penetrateflammable·burn
易碎的·破碎=多孔的·渗透易燃的·燃烧(容易关系)

frail []adj.虚弱的;脆弱的;(意志)薄弱的
(类)spindly·frailty=limber·flexibility 细长的·脆弱=易弯曲的·柔韧性
(反)frailty ◆ hardnessstamina 脆弱 ◆ 坚硬毅力精力

fraternal [  ] adj.兄弟的, 兄弟般的, 友爱的
fraudulent [] adj.欺诈的(cheating; deceitful)
(类)authenticity·f raudulent=sincerity·hypocritical 真实·欺诈的=真诚·伪善的
hoax·fraudulent=paragon·excellent 骗局特点是欺骗的=模范特点是优秀的

fraught [  ] adj.充满„的(filled with a specified element or elements; charged)
(反)idyll ◆ experience fraught with tension 田园休闲生活 ◆充满紧张的经历

freelancer [] n.自由作家
(类)freelancer·employer=nomad·domicile 自由作家没有老板=游牧民流浪者没有住所

freight [ ] n. 货物,货运;vt. 装货,运送
frenzy [] n. 疯狂(delirium, furor)v. 使发狂
(类)frenzy·emotion=convulsion·contraction 疯狂是反常感情=痉挛反常收缩
energetic·frenetic frenzied =firm·obdurateobstinate
精力充沛的·狂热的=坚定的·顽固的(褒贬)
frenzy·calm=abandon·prohibitinhibit 使发狂·使平静=放任·禁止抑制

frequent [] v. 时常出入出现,常往;adj.经常的
(类)frequency·pitch=wavele ngth·color频率决定音品=波长决定颜色
(反)frequent ◆ visit rarely 时常出入出现 ◆ 很少访问
frequency ◆ rarity 频繁 ◆ 稀罕

fresco [] n.壁画
(类)fresco·wall=parquetry·floor 壁画·墙=画在地板上的装饰画;镶木细工·地板

fret [] n.苦恼;侵蚀 v.使苦恼;侵蚀;烦恼
(类)fret·vexation=draconian·inclement 烦恼·烦恼=严峻的·严酷的(同义)
(同)worry, fuss, pother, annoy, chafe, gall, irk, provoke, ruffle, vex

friable [] adj.易碎的;脆的(readily crumbled; brittle)
(类)friable·crumble=malleabl e·alter=lucid·comprehend
易碎的·弄碎=易变的·改变=清晰的·理解(容易关系)
impervious·friable=nonflammable·combustible
不能透过的;坚固的·易碎的=不可燃的·易燃的(反义)
(反)friable ◆ unable to crumbresistance to be pulverizedsubstantial
易碎的 ◆ 难以压碎的难以粉碎坚固的

friction [] n.摩擦;不和
(类)abraded ·friction=desiccated·dehydration=vaporized·heat
摩擦的·摩擦=脱水的·脱水=蒸发的·热(后者造成前者)

frieze [] n.在墙顶与天花板间起装饰作用的横条饰带
(类)frieze·building=illumination·manuscript
饰带·建筑物=文中装饰性图画·手稿(事物及其装饰对象)
frieze·ornament=pillar·support 饰带·装饰=柱子·支撑(事物及其功能)

frigid [] adj.酷寒的(intensely cold)
(类)frigid·cool=soaking·damp 严寒的·凉的=湿透的·潮湿的(程度)
(反)sweltering ◆ frigid 炎热的 ◆ 寒冷的

fringe [] n.边缘(a marginal, peripheral, or secondary part)
(反)fringe ◆ center 边缘 ◆ 中心
(记)观察fringe中间的ring (环,包围)联想:由边缘开始包围。

frivolous [] adj.轻浮的,琐屑的(lacking in seriousness;relatively unimportant)
(类)frivolous·gravity=brash·discretion 轻佻的·严肃=仓促的·慎重(反面特征)
(反)frivolous ◆ sober 轻佻的 ◆ 冷静严肃的
frivolousness ◆ grandeurtemperance 轻薄 ◆ 壮丽节制
(同)giddy, flighty

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34
frond [] n.蕨类叶子;庞大的叶子(fern leaf; palm or banana leaf)
(类)frond·fern=needle·pine蕨类叶子·蕨类植物=针叶·松树
frond·leaf=boulder·rock 庞大的叶子·叶子=巨砾·石头(大对正常)

frothy [] adj. 泡沫的;浅薄的(playfully frivolous in character or content)
(反)frothy ◆ weighty 浅薄的 ◆ 重的
(例)A glass of beer with a lot of froth on it. 有许多泡沫的一杯啤酒。

frowsy [] adj.肮脏的;难闻的(sordid)
(反)frowsy ◆ dapper 肮脏的 ◆ 整洁的

frugal [] adj.节约的(practicing by economy, as in the expenditure of money)
(类)frugal·miserly=confident·arrogant 节约的·守财奴的=自信的·傲慢无礼的(褒贬)
frugal·parsimonious=attentive·obsequious
节约的·极度节俭的=殷勤的·过分殷勤的(褒贬)
frugality·parsim ony=pride·hubris节约·极度节俭=骄傲·极度傲慢(褒贬)
frug al·penurious=deference·sycophant=firm·obdurate=com pliant·obsequious
节约的·吝啬的=敬重·奉承的=坚定的·顽固的=顺从的·巴结的(褒贬)
(反)frugal ◆ prodigalsumptuous 节俭的 ◆ 浪费的奢侈的
frugality ◆ extravagancy 节俭 ◆ 奢侈

frustrate [] adj. 失败的 v.挫败;使泄气灰心(to cause feelings of discouragement in)
(反)frustrate ◆ abet 使泄气灰心 ◆ 教唆

full-bodied [] adj.躯体大的;味道浓烈的
(类)full-bodied·flavor=resonant·sound 味道浓烈的·味道=洪亮的·声音

fulminate [] v. 大声斥责(to issue a thunderous verbal attack or denunciation)
(类)fulminate·criticize=adulate·flatter 大声斥责·批评=奉承·谄媚(程度)
(反)fulmination ◆ praise 大声斥责 ◆ 赞美

fumble [] n.v.摸索;乱摸(to grope awkwardly to find or to accomplish something)
(反)fumble ◆ handle adroitly 摸索 ◆ 灵巧地处理
(同)grope, grabble
(记)谐音:翻宝—>搜索

fungi [] n.真菌类;蘑菇[pl.]
(类)fungi·ecologist=motivation·psychologist 真菌·生态学者=动机·心理学家

furnace [] n.火炉
(类)furnace·heat=generator·electricity 火炉产生热=发电机产生电

furor [] n.喧闹;狂怒;狂热(a general commotion; public disorder or uproar)
(反)furor ◆ serenity 喧闹 ◆ 平静

furtive [] adj.偷偷摸摸的;秘密的(stealthy; sneaky)
(类)furtive·open=flamboyant·reserved 秘密的·公开的=浮夸的·保留的(反义)
stealth·furtive=caprice·whimsical
秘密行动特点是偷偷摸摸=反复无常特点是多怪念头的
(反)furtive ◆ above boardbrassycandidforthrightopensublimeshamelessly bold
偷偷摸摸的 ◆ 光明正大的厚颜无耻的坦率的庄严的

fury [] n.暴怒;狂怒;狂暴(violent anger; rage)
(类)fury·anger=effervescence·feeling 狂怒·恼火=兴奋欢腾·情绪佳(程度)

fussy [] adj. 过分注重细节的;挑剔的(requiring great attention to sometimes trivial details)
(类)fussy·careful=garrulous·talkative
过分注重细节的·仔细的=啰嗦的·健谈的(过分与正常)
tend·fuss=assert·be labor注意·过分注重细节=断言·唠叨地讲(正常与过分)
【注】fuss :to be excessively careful or solicitous

fusty [] adj. 发霉味的(smelling of mildew or decay;musty);守旧的(antique)
(反)fusty ◆ fresh发霉味的 ◆ 新鲜的
(记)fust 原义木头,啤酒桶 联想:啤酒桶是发霉味的 参考:fustian 棉布,夸大的话

futile [] adj.白费力气的;无益的;无用的(ineffective; fruitless)
(类)bootless·futile=interesting·intriguing 无用的·无用的=有趣的·有趣的(同义)
bootless·futility=ef fulgent·resplendence=void·empty
无益的·无益=光辉灿烂的·灿烂=空洞的·空的(形名同义)
(反)futile ◆ efficacious 无用的 ◆ 有效的
futility ◆ effectiveness 无用 ◆ 效力
(同)abortive, bootless, fruitless, ineffective, vain

gadfly [] n.牛虻;讨厌的人(any of various flies)
(类)gadfly·goad=humorist·amuse 刺激物,牛虻·刺激=幽默者·逗乐(正面特征)
(记)gad尖头棒+ fly苍蝇 带刺的苍蝇→牛虻

gadget [] n.小玩意(a contrivance)
(类)gadgets·tools=trinkets·jewelry 小玩意·工具=小装饰物·珠宝(小对正常)
(记)gad 尖头棒+get 表示小的后缀→小玩意

gaffe [] n.社交上失言;失态(a social or diplomatic blunder)
(类)gaffe·decorum=miscalculation·judgment 失礼·礼仪=错误的计算·判断(错误对正
常)
gaffe·judgment=illusion·perception 失礼·判断=错觉·感知(错误对正常)
gaffe·tactless=exploit·heroic 失态·不圆通的=开拓·英雄的(正面特征)
gaffe·social=malapropism·verbal 失态是社交上的失误=用词错误是言辞上的失误

gainsay [] v.否认(deny)
(反)gainsay ◆ affirmconcurspeak in support of 否认 ◆ 证实同意支持

gait [] n.步态;步法(manner of walking or running)
(类)gait·walk=parlance·speak=mnemonic·remember
法·走=语法·说=记忆法·记忆(行为及其规范)

galaxy [] n.银河;星系(the Milky Way)
(类)galaxy·star=archipelago·island 星系·恒星=群岛·岛屿(组成关系)

gall [] n.v.(使)烦恼;(使)焦躁;难堪(annoy; chafe)
(反)gall ◆ appease assuage calmlull placate 使焦躁 ◆ 使平静,抚慰

gallant [] adj.华丽的;英勇的
(反)gallant ◆ craven 英勇的 ◆ 胆小的
(同)gracious, brave, dauntless,heroic, lionhearted, stouthearted
(记)gall(胆汁)*英勇的

galley [] n.船上厨房
(类)galley·ship=kitchen·house 船上厨房·船=家中厨房·家

galvanize [] v.电镀;激励(to arouse to awareness or action; spur)
(反)galvanize ◆ allay lull 激励 ◆ 减轻使平静
list 15 gamble -------half-baked
gamble [] v.赌博;孤注一掷(to engage in reckless or hazardous behavior)
(类)cautious·gamble=adamant·yield 谨慎的不孤注一掷冒险=坚强的不屈服

gambol [] .欢跳;雀跃(to leap about playfully; frolic)
(反)gambol ◆ plod 欢跳雀跃 ◆ 沉重缓慢地走
(记)gamble(赌博) 获胜后gambol(雀跃)庆祝

gangly [] adj.身材瘦长的(gangling.)
(反)gangly ◆ stalwart 身材瘦长的 ◆ 强壮的
(记)谐音:杠铃。联想:身材跟杠铃似的—>瘦长。

gangway [] n.过道;通路;跳板
(类)gangway·ship=drawbridge·castle 跳板是上船之路=吊桥是进城堡之路
(记)gang(ly)瘦长的+way路=跳板

garble [] v.曲解;篡改;混淆(mix up; jumble; distort)
(类)garbled·clarity=ramshackle·soundness 曲解的不清楚=摇摇欲坠的不稳固
garbled·comprehend=obscured·recognize 篡改的难以理解=晦涩的难以认出
garble·unintelligible=correct·accurate 篡改使其不可理解的=校正使其准确的
(反)garble ◆ elucidatereport accurately 曲解 ◆ 阐明精确地报告

gargantuan [] adj.巨大的(huge; enormous)
(类)gargantuan·large=excruciating·painful 巨大的·大的=极痛苦的·痛苦的
(反)gargantuan ◆ minuscule 巨大的 ◆ 微小的

garish [] adj.俗丽的;过分装饰的(gaudy)
(类)garish·colorful=fawn·a ttentive=prying·inquisitive
过分装饰的·色彩艳丽的=阿谀奉承的·殷勤的=窥探的·好问的(褒贬程度)

garment [] n.衣服;外观
(类)hem·garment=molding·cabinet=ruffle·shirt
衣服褶边·衣服=装饰嵌线壁带·橱柜=织物褶边·衬衫(前者特定装饰后者)
raincoat(lint)·garment=tarpaulin·covering
雨衣(皮棉)·衣服=防水油布·覆盖物(种属)

garrulous [] adj.唠叨的;啰嗦的(tiresomely talkative)
( 类)garrulous·talkative=cloying·sweet=fussy·careful
啰嗦的·健谈的=过分甜腻的·甜的=过分注重细节的·仔细的(褒贬程度)
garrulous·words=prodigal·money唠叨的多废话=浪费钱的浪费钱
(反)garrulity ◆ taciturnity 饶舌多话 ◆ 沉默寡言
(同)babblative, chatty, gabby, loquacious

gash [] n.砍得很深的伤口;很深的裂缝(a long, deep cut)
(类)cut·gash=cleft·chasm 伤口·很深的伤口=裂缝·很深的裂缝(程度)

gasification [] n.气化
(反)gasificationvaporization ◆ solidification 气化汽化 ◆ 固化

gauche [] adj.笨拙的;粗鲁无礼的;缺乏社交经验的(lacking social polish; tactless)
(类)gaucherie·skill=cacophony·voice笨拙 ·技术=不和谐音·语音
(反)gaucheness ◆ polish 缺乏社交经验 ◆ 有修养

gaudy [] adj.俗丽的(ostentatiously or tastelessly ornamented)
(类)gaudy·apparel=grandiloquent·speak 华丽而俗气的·衣服=大言不惭的·言语

gauge [] n.度量规格;测量器具 vt.度量;估计
(类)gauge·pressure=measure ·dimensions=plumb·depth
计压器·压力=度量器·尺寸=铅锤·深度(工具及其测量对象)
scale·weight = yardstick·length = gauge·pressure
天秤·重量 = 码尺·长度 = 气压计·压力
gauge·pressure=calibrate·diameter 度量压力=校准直径
(记)谐音:稿纸。联想:稿纸都有格子→规格

gear [] n.齿轮;工具
(类)gear·tooth=screw·thread 齿轮·齿牙=螺钉·螺线(组成关系且特定对应部分)

generic [  ] adj. 属的, 类的(of a genus);一般的, 非特殊的(general)
(记)genus类;属 genre类型,流派

genetic [ ] adj. 遗传的,基因的,起源的
(派)gene基因 genetics遗传学geneticist遗传学家genesis起源(the origin)

genial [] adj.和蔼的;亲切的(having a pleasant or friendly disposition or manner)
(类)genial·bonhomie=diplomatic·tact 亲切的·温和=有外交策略的·机智(名形同义)
philanthropic·geniality=resourceful·inventiveness
博爱慈爱的·亲切=足智多谋的·发明(正面特征)
(反)genial ◆ causticdourdyspepticmordanttruculent
和蔼的 ◆ 刻薄的严厉的阴郁的尖酸的好战凶猛的

genteel [] adj.上流社会有教养的;文雅的;时髦的(well-bred; elegant)
(类)genteel·vulgarity=intrepid·fear 有教养的·庸俗=勇敢的·害怕(反面特征)
truculent·gentleness=unregenerate·remorse 凶猛的·文雅=不改悔的·痛悔
(反)genteel ◆ churlishloutish 有教养的 ◆ 粗暴的蠢笨的
(记)来自gentle 文雅的 参考gentleman绅士

germane [] adj. 有密切关系的(being at once relevant and appropriate:fitting)
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(类)germane ◆ irrelevantinappropriate 有密切关系的 ◆ 无关的不适当的
(记)germ(幼芽)参考:germinate发展,发芽germinal幼芽的,独创性的
(例)omit details that are not germane to the discussion 忽略与讨论无关的细节

germinate [  ] v. 使发芽,使发生,使发展

gerrymander vt. 不公正划分选区(to divide an area into political units to give special advantages to
one group)
(类)gerrymander·district=rig·contest不公正划分选区·地区=用欺骗手 段操纵·竞争(动宾)
【注:rig· to manipulate or control usually by deceptive or dishonest means】

geyser [] n. 间歇泉;(英)(洗澡用)燃气热水器
(类)geyser·water= volcano·lava 间歇泉喷发出水=火山喷发出熔岩

gibe [] v. 嘲笑,奚落(to deride or tease with taunting words)
(类)gibe·derision=apologize·regret=condolence·(symp athycompassion)
奚落·嘲笑=道歉·遗憾 =哀悼·同情(前者程度较重)
(记)和jibe等同,谐音:讥鄙;联想因为鄙视而讥讽。
(同)scoff, fleer, flout, jeer, jest, sneer

giddy [] adj. 轻率的(lightheartedly silly:frivolous)
(反)giddy ◆ serious 轻率的 ◆ 严肃的
giddiness ◆ grave 轻率 ◆ 严肃
(记)god-神圣,而gid(dy)-轻率
(同)dizzy, fribble, frivolous, skittish

gild [  ] v. 镀金, 虚饰
(反)represent accurately精确地表达

girder n. 大梁(a horizontal main structural member that supports vertical loads)
(类)girder·support=ballast·stab ility大梁·支撑=压舱物·稳定
(记)谐音·歌德 联想:歌德是德国文学的大梁。

gist [] n.要点, 要旨(the main point or part essence)
(类)gist ◆ tangential point 要点 ◆ 无关紧要的点
(记)谐音”记死他”;联想:对于要点,一定要记死他

given adj. 有倾向的,喜爱„的(prone,disposed)
given 2 prep.考虑到,鉴于,由于

glacier [] n.冰川(a large body of ice moving slowly down a slope)
(类)glacier·ice=sea·water冰川·冰=海洋·水(组成关系)
glacial·cold=profound·deep冰冷的·寒冷的=深刻的·深(程度)
(记)与glaze (釉)一起记 联想:釉和冰的共同特点都是光滑的。

glade [] n.林间空地(an open space surrounded by woods)
(类)glade·wood=oasis·deser t(干扰:archipelago·ocean群岛·海)
林间空地·树林=绿洲·沙漠(强调一种大片中一点空的感觉)
(记)与gladiator一起记 联想:古代角斗士一般在林中空地中决斗。

gladiator [] n.角斗士
(类)gladiator·arena=lawyer·courtroom 角斗士·竟技场=律师·法庭

glaze [] n.釉v.使表面光滑(a smooth slippery coating of thin ice)
(类)glaze·porcelain=varnish·wood=veneer·furnitu re
釉·瓷器=清漆·木头=饰面·家具(事物及其表面装饰物)
(反)glaze ◆ rumple 使表面光滑 ◆ 弄皱
(记)与glade一起记glaze a glade

glib [] adj. 流利圆滑的,善辩的(marked by fluency in speaking or writing)
(类)fluent·glib=humorous·wry 流利的·油腔滑调的=幽默的·讽刺性的幽默(褒贬程度)
glib·profundity = maladroit·skill 口齿伶俐的·深刻=不灵巧的·技巧(缺乏关系)
(反)labored不自然的taciturn沉默寡言的 awkward笨拙的
(记)a glib tongue三寸不烂之舌

glisten [] v. 闪光 (to give off a sparkling or lustrous reflection)
(类)dingy·glisten=slippery·adhere 暗黑的不反光=滑溜的不粘附(反面特征)
(同)flash, gleam, glimmer, glint, glitter

glitch [] n. 小故障(a usually minor malfunction)
(类)glitch·flaw=peccadillo·error 小故障·错误=小错误·错误(小和正常)
(记)g+litch(=litchi 荔枝)联想:割荔枝出现了小故障。

gloat [] vi. 满足的看(有幸灾乐祸的味道)
(类)gloat·smug = primp·vain 满足的看·自以为是的=打扮·虚荣的(目的)
(记)与float一起记

gloomy [] adj. 阴沉的,昏暗的;忧郁的(low in spirits·melancholy)
(类)saturnine·gloomy=despon dent·depressed=masterful·skilled
忧郁的·忧郁的=沮丧的·沮丧的=熟练的·熟练的 (同义)
(反)gloomy ◆ forthy 忧郁的 ◆ 性格开朗的
(同)sullen, dour, glum, morose, saturnine

gloss [] n. 简短解释(a brief explanation of a difficult;annotate);v. 使有光泽
(类)blurb·notice=gl oss·explanation=cameo·appearance
简短公告·公告=简短解释·解释=简短表演·表演(前者是后者的简化版)
(反)gloss-over ◆ scrutinize 敷衍潦草做事 ◆ 细察

glossary [] n.术语表(a collection of textual glosses)
(类)glossary·text=legend·map
术语表·正文=地图上的说明文字·地图(前者说明补充后者)

glossy [] adj. 平滑的,有光泽的(having a surface luster or brightness)
(类)varnish·glossy=sand·smooth上漆·光滑 的=砂磨·平滑的(前者造成后者)

glut [] n. 大量,充斥,吃饱(an excessive quantity·oversupply)
(类)glut ◆ dearth 充斥 ◆ 缺乏
(记)与贪吃者glutton一起记忆
(同)satiate, gorge, sate, stodge, surfeit

glutinous [] adj. 粘的,胶状的(having the quality of glue·gummy)
(类)glue·adhesive = etch·corrosiv胶·粘的=蚀刻·腐蚀的(正面特征)
(反)glutinous ◆ non viscous 粘的 ◆ 不粘的
(记)源自glue(胶水)

glutton [] n. 贪吃者(one given habitually to greedy and voracious eating)
(类)gluttony·food = avarice·money贪食·食物=贪财·钱(后者是前者对象)
glutton·overindulge=ascetic·self denial贪吃者·放纵=禁欲者·克制
(反)gluttonous ◆ abstentious 贪吃的 ◆ 节制的
(记)glut(充斥)+ton(吨)能吃一吨的自然是贪吃者

goad [] vt. 驱使,唆使(to incite or rouse as if with a goad)
(类)goad·enticement=command·entreaty 驱使·诱使=命令·恳求 (主被动关系)
gadfly·goad=humorist·amuse 刺激物,牛虻·刺激=幽默者·逗乐(正面特征)
【注】gadfly :one that acts as a provocative stimulus; a goad.
(反)goad ◆ checkcurb lull 唆使 ◆ 阻止阻止使安静
(记)原义赶牲口的棒子;引申刺激;与goal一起记忆,goad sb. to achieve a goal

gobble [] vt. 狼吞虎咽(to swallow or eat greedily)
(类)gobble·nibble = quaffswill·sip 狼吞虎咽·细咬=痛饮·小嘬(过度与正常)
gobble·eat=guzzle·drink 狼吞虎咽·吃=狂饮·喝(过度与正常)
(记)谐音“管饱”;联想:不用狼吞虎咽,这里管你吃饱。
(同)gulp, bolt, cram, englut, guzzle, ingurgitate

goggle [] n. 护目镜
(类)goggles·eyes=earmuff·ears 护目镜·眼睛=御寒耳罩·耳朵

goldbrick [] vi. 逃避工作和责任(to shirk duty or responsibility)
(类)goldbrick·work = evade·answer 逃避·工作=逃避·回答(前者逃避后者)
(记)gold + brick原意是假金砖

gorge [] n. 峡谷vi. 狼吞虎咽(to eat greedily or to repletion)
(类)abstemious·gorge = reticent·talk 节制的·暴食=沉默·说话(反义)
river·gorge=wind·dune 河流冲刷形成峡谷=风刮形成沙丘(皆为V字形)
(同)satiate, cloy, glut, stodge, surfeit

gossamer [] n. 无实体东西(sth. light or insubstantial) adj. 轻而薄的(extremely light)
(反)substance实体 ponderous沉重的
(同)filmy, flimsy, gauzy, sheer, transparent

gouge [  ] v. 挖取,掘取;诈骗钱财,敲竹杠
gourmand [] n. 嗜食者(one who is excessively fond of eating and drinking)
(类)gourmand·appetite=skin flint·thrift嗜食者食欲过好=吝啬鬼节俭过度
(记)和gourmet(美食家)区分:一个是贪吃;另一个是在食物中寻求美感

gourmet [] n. 美食家(a connoisseur of food and drink; connoisseur)
(类)gourmet·food =cineast·film=bibliophile·books
美食家·食物=电影迷·电影=爱书者·书(前者爱后者之美感)
【注:bibliophile ·a lover of books especially for qualities of format】
(类)gourmet·cuisine = connoisseur·art 美食家·烹调=鉴赏家·艺术作品
gourmet·eat=bookworm·read 美食家·吃=书呆子·读(人物及其爱好)
gourmet·food=aesthete·art 美食家·食物=美学家·艺术(前者鉴赏后者)

grandeur [] n. 庄严,伟大(the quality or state of being grand)
(反)grandeur ◆ frivolous 庄严 ◆ 轻佻的
(记)源于grand(大)

grandiloquent [] adj(语言等)夸张的
(类)grandiloquent·speak = gaudy·apparel 夸张的·说话=俗丽的·服装
(反)grandiloquent ◆ secretive 夸张的 ◆ 秘密的
(记)grandi(大)+loquent(多嘴的)
(同)bombastic, declamatory, euphuistic, magniloquent

grandiose [] adj. 宏伟的,印象深的(imposing;impressive)
(类)grandiose·humility = ephemeral·longevity宏大的·谦卑=短命的·长寿
(反)grandiose ◆ trivial 宏伟的 ◆ 微不足道的
(同)grand, magnificent, majestic

grandstand [ ] v. 哗众取宠的表演(to play or act so as to impress onlookers)
(类)grandstand·impress=equivocate·deceive= proselytize·convert
哗众取宠的表演·打动=支支吾吾的说·欺骗=劝诱改宗的人·皈依(目的)
(记)grandstand本意大看台,主观众席。引申为取悦观众的表演

grate [] v.碾磨;发出刺耳声音;使烦恼(irritate,fret)
(类)grating·sound=acrid·odor=fetid·smell
刺耳的·声音=辛辣的·味道=恶臭的·气味(前者修饰后者)
(反)grate ◆ soothe 使烦恼 ◆ 使平静
(同)irritate, aggravate, gall, nettle, peeve, rile
(记)注意这个词中间的rat;联想:老鼠磨牙发出刺耳声音让人烦恼。

gratify [] vt. 使满足(give pleasure or satisfaction to;please)
(类)gratify·desire=s lake·thirsty使满足·欲望=解渴·渴(前者满足后者)
(反)aggrieve使痛苦irk使厌烦displease使不快

gratuitous [] adj. 无根据的(unwarranted);免费的(given freely)
(反)gratuitous ◆ merited warranted 无根据的 ◆ 应得的有正当理由的
gratuitous ◆ justified 无根据的 ◆ 证明„是正当的
(记)源于gratuity(赏钱,小费)联想:小费给多少是没有根据的,当然也是可以免的。
(同)free, chargeless, complimentary, costless, gratis(以上词义都是“免费的”)

gravel [l] n. 鹅卵石;卵石堆(a stratum or deposit of gravel)
(类)gravel·pebble=crowd·person 卵石堆·小鹅卵石=人群·人(组成关系)

green [] adj. 无经验的(deficient in training, knowledge, or experience)
(类)experience·green = pelf·impecunious 经验·无经验的=钱财·贫穷的
inexperience·green=pertinacity·refractory 无经验·无经验的=顽固·难控制的(同义)
(记)绿色象征青年,朝气,无经验 参考·greenhorn(初学者,容易受骗的人)
(同)inexperienced, callow, fresh, raw, young
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gregarious [] adj. 合群的,爱社交的(sociable)
(类)recluse·gregariousness=poseur·sincerity 遁世者·爱社交=装模作样的人·真诚
(反)gregarious ◆ aloof 爱社交的=疏远的
(记)greg(群)参考·egregious超出平常的,过分的,惊人的

grieve [] adj.使痛苦(to cause to suffer)
(类)grieve·sorrow=smart·pain (使)痛苦·悲伤=刺痛·痛(前者造成后者)
solace·grief=pacificatio n·anger安慰·悲伤=安抚·愤怒(前消除后)
(反)grievous ◆ slight 严重的 ◆ 轻微的
grievous ◆ joyous 令人痛苦的 ◆ 高兴的
【注:grievous三层意思:onerous(难以忍受的) afflictive(痛苦的)dire(可怕的)】
(记)注意与grievance(委屈,冤情)区别

grimace [] n. 面部扭曲,痛苦表情,鬼脸(a sharp contortion of the face expressive of pain)
(类)grimace·face=contortion·body 面部扭曲·脸部=扭弯·身体
chagrin·mind=grimace·face 懊恼是情绪异常=面部扭曲是脸部异常
grimace·pain=flinch·fear 痛苦的表情因为疼痛=畏缩因为害怕
(记)grim(严酷的,可怕的)+(f)ace可怕的脸

grin [] vi.咧着嘴笑(to draw back the lips to show the teeth in amusement)
(反)grin ◆ pout 咧着嘴笑 ◆ 噘嘴生气

gripe [] v. 抱怨,诉苦(to complain with grumbling)
(类)gripe·discontent=praise·admiration 抱怨因为不满=表扬因为喜爱
(同)fuss, squawk, yammer, yawp
(例)students griping about the cafeteria food学生抱怨食堂的饭

gripping adj. 抓人的,扣人心弦的
grisly [] adj. 恐怖的(inspiring horror or intense fear)
(类)grisly·flinch=droll·laugh恐 怖的·畏缩=滑稽的·笑(前者造成后者)
(例)Houses were dark and grisly under the blank, cold sky.
在空寂寒冷的天空下,房屋显得模糊而恐怖。

groove [] n. 槽(a long narrow channel or depression)
(类)grooved·striation =braided·strand 有槽的·条纹=编织的·绳索(后者特征是前者)
striated·groove=dappled·spot 有条纹的·槽=有斑点的· 斑点(同义)
【注:striation·a minute groove especially when one of a parallel series】
(记)注意和grove(树丛)区分

grotesque [] adj. 奇异的(fanciful, bizarre)
(类)grotesque·fantasy = imperial·significance 奇异的·幻想=帝王的·重要
(记)源于grotto(岩洞)+pieturesque(图画的)岩洞里奇异的画
(同)fantastic, antic, bizarre

grotto [] n.小洞穴, 岩穴, 人工洞室(a small cave or cavern)
(类)grotto·cavern=arroyo·channel小洞穴:巨洞=小河:海峡 (小与大)

grove [] n.小树林(a planting of fruit or nut trees)
(类)grove·trees=archipelago·islands小树林·树木=群岛·岛屿 (组成关系)

grovel [] vi.卑躬屈膝(crawl or creep on ground; remain prostrate)
(类)groveler·petitioner=minion·depe ndent卑躬屈膝·请愿者=奴才·依赖者(贬义特征)
imperious·grovel傲慢的·卑躬屈膝 (反面特征)
(记)区分gravel(沙砾),grove(小树林),groove(槽)
(同)fawn, cower, cringe, kowtow, toady, truckle

grueling adj.筋疲力尽的(trying to the point of exhaustion)
(反)grueling ◆ effortless 筋疲力尽的 ◆ 不费力气的
(记)联想cruel(残酷的)比赛很残酷,让人筋疲力尽。

guarantee [] vt. 保证,担保(undertake to do or secure)
(反)vouch ◆ refuse to guarantee 担保 ◆ 拒绝担保

guile [] n. 狡猾,狡诈(deceitful cunning·Duplicity)
(类)guile·artless = blemish·impeccable 狡猾·朴实的=弄脏·无瑕的(反义)
guile·naif=tardy·prompt 狡猾·天真的=迟缓的·迅速 (反义)
forthright·guile=acrid·gentleness 直率的·狡猾=刻薄的·柔和(反义)
ingenuous·guile = impeccable·flaw 直率的·狡诈=无瑕的·错误(反义)
(反)artless ◆ cunningguile 朴实的=狡猾的
manipulate ◆ guileless 假造 ◆ 不狡诈的
(同)deceit, cunning, dissemblance, duplicity

guilt [] n. 罪行;内疚,自责(feelings of culpability)
(类)guilt·blame = narcissism·love 自责·谴责=自恋·爱(种属)
guilt·expiation=fatigue·repose 罪行·赎罪=疲劳·休息(消除关系)
(反)innocence ◆ guilt 清白的 ◆ 有罪的
(同)blame, culpability, fault, onus

gullible [] adj.轻信的(easily duped or cheated)
(类)trusting·gullible=compliant·servile 信任的·轻信的=顺从的·奴性的(过分前者是后
者)
vigilant·entrapped=wary·gulled 警惕的不易被骗入圈套=机警的不易利用
【注】gull: to take advantage of (one who is foolish or unwary):deceive 利用,
欺骗
(同)easy, fleeceable, naive, susceptible

gully [] n.小峡谷(a small valley or gulch)
(类)gully·erosion=callus·friction 小峡谷·腐蚀=老茧·磨擦(后者形成前者)

gum [] n. 树胶;口香糖
(类)gum·rubber plant=resin·tree 树胶·橡胶树=树脂·树(前者由后者生成)

gush [] n. 涌出, 感情外溢(make an excessive display of feeling)
(类)gush·effusive=rage·irate 感情外溢·热情洋溢的=大怒·发怒的(同义)
gush·trickle=blast·whiff 涌出·滴流=爆炸·轻轻地吹(程度)
(派)gusher说话滔滔不绝的人,喷油井

gust [] n. 一阵狂风(a sudden brief rush of wind)
(类)gust·wind=cloudburst·rainfall 一阵狂风·风=倾盆大雨·降雨(程度)

guzzle [] v. 狂饮(to drink especially liquor greedily)
(类)drink·guzzle = complain·carp 喝酒·狂饮=抱怨·吹毛求疵(程度)
(记)和gobble(狼吞虎咽)一起记
(同)drink, booze, imbibe, swig, swill, swizzle

habitable [] adj. 可居住的(suitable for habitation)
(类)habitable·dwelling = potable·beverage 住处是可居住的=饮料是可食用的
(记)habit(住) 参考:habitant居民 habitat 产地,栖息地
(同)livable, inhabitable, lodgeable, tenantable

hack [] n. 出租用老马(a jade),雇佣文人v.切割(to cut or sever with repeated irregular blows)
(类)hack·carve=gouge·engrave 砍·切开=用圆凿子削除·雕刻 (后者由前者进行)
hack·writer = mercenary·soldier 雇佣文人·作家=雇佣兵·士兵(种属)
(记)hack=黑客 联想:黑客是一群“害群之马”→出租用老马(记词需要,对不起黑客兄弟了)
(同)drudge, grub, hireling, mercenary

hackneyed [] adj.平凡的;陈腐的(lacking in freshness or originality)
(类)bromide·hackneyed = equivocation·misleading平凡的人平凡=模棱两可的话使人误解
hackneyed·original = windy·concise 陈腐的·有创意的=吹牛的·简洁的(反义)
(反)hackneyed ◆ fresh 不新奇的 ◆ 新鲜的
hackneyed ◆ offbeat 不新奇的 ◆ 离奇的
hackneyed ◆ original 陈腐的 ◆ 创新的
unhackneyed person ◆ bromide 有创造性的人 ◆ 平庸的人
unhackneyed ◆ trite 有创造性的 ◆ 不陈腐的
(记)来源于hack(老马)
(同)trite, bathetic, cliche, stale, timeworn

halcyon [] adj. 宁静的(calm);繁荣的,丰富的(prosperous;affluent)
(反)halcyon ◆ tempestuous 宁静的 ◆ 暴乱的
halcyon ◆ stormy 宁静的 ◆ 风暴的
halcyon ◆ miserable 丰富的 ◆ 少的可怜的(wretchedly inadequate)
(记)来源于古代神话,(相传冬至时能使海平面平静的)翠鸟

hale [] adj. 强壮的,健壮的(free from defect;sound)
(反)effete衰弱的 labyrinth虚弱的blighted枯萎的anemic贫血的wan病态的
decrepid 衰老的 infirm弱的
(记)比较inhale吸气 exhale呼气 联想:经常深呼吸有利健康
(同)fit, sane, sound, wholesome

half-baked adj.考虑不成熟的(lacking adequate planning or forethought;lacking in judgment,
intelligence, or common sense)
(反)half-baked ◆ well thought of 考虑不成熟的 ◆ 详细计划的
list 16 hallmark --------hypnotic
hallmark [] n. 典型的特征,特点(a distinguishing trait, or feature)
(反)hallmark ◆ uncharacteristic feature 典型的特征 ◆ 不典型的特征
(例)the dramatic flourishes which are the hallmark of the trial lawyer

hallow [] vt. 视为神圣(to make holy or set apart for holy use)
(反)hallow ◆ desecrate 视为神圣 ◆ 亵渎
(记)和hollow(空的)区分
(同)bless, consecrate, sanctify

hallucination [] n. 幻觉,幻想
(类)delusion·thinking=hallucination·perception 错觉·思考=幻觉·感觉(行为特殊方式)
(同) delusion, illusion, mirage, phantasm

halting [] adj. 蹒跚的,犹豫的(marked by a lack of effectiveness)
(类)stammer·halting=drone·monotonous结巴的说·犹豫=单调而 低沉地说·单调的
(反)halting ◆ fluent 犹豫的 ◆ 流畅的
(记)源于halt(停止,踌伫)
(同)lumbering, maladroit

ham-handed adj. 笨手笨脚的(lacking dexterity or grace)
(反)ham-handed ◆ deftadroit 笨手笨脚的 ◆ 敏捷熟练的灵巧的
(记)ham(火腿,腿)+hand(手)
(同)awdward,clumsy, gauche, inept, maladroit

hammer n. 铁锤, 槌
(类)hammer·anvil=pestle·mortar 槌·砧=杵·臼(事物之间相互关系)
hammer·carpenter=knife·butcher 槌·木匠=刀·屠户(人物及其工具)

hamper [] vt.阻碍n.有盖的大篮子
(类)laundry·hamper=mail·mailbox 要洗的衣服放在篮子里=信放在信箱里
(反)hamper ◆ facilitate 阻碍 ◆ 促进
seminal ◆ hampering further development 发展的 ◆ 阻碍发展的
(同)clog, curb, fetter, shackle, tie, trammel
(例)the long dress hampered her escape

hamstring [] vt. 使残废,使无效(to make ineffective cripple)
(类)hamst ring·effectiveness=enervate·vitality使无效·效率=削弱·活力(行 为及其对象)
(记)ham(火腿,腿)+string(细绳,筋);原意是切断腿筋使成跛腿

hangdog [] adj. 忧愁的,悲哀的,沮丧的;低贱的(sad, dejected)
(反)buoyant 心情愉快的 elated 兴高采烈的 sprightly 轻快的
(记)原义是像狗一样被吊死的人

hankering [] n. 渴望(to have a strong or persistent desire)
(反)hankering ◆ odium lack of desire 渴望 ◆ 讨厌不寄希望

haphazard [] adj. 偶然的(marked by lack of plan, order, or direction)
(反)haphazard ◆ methodical systematic 偶然的 ◆ 系统的
(同)random, desultory, irregular, unconsidered, unplanned
(记)hap(运气)+ hazard(冒险)联想:运气和冒险都靠偶然 参考:hapless不幸的

harangue [] v. 长篇大论(to address in a ranting way)
(反)harangue ◆ speak temperately 长篇大论 ◆ 有节制地说话
(同)orate, bloviate, perorate
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harass [] v.烦扰(to annoy persistently)
(类)harass·irritating=haunt·familiar 使烦恼·使愤怒的=常到·熟悉的(同义)
(记)har + ass(驴子)
(同)raid, foray, harry, maraud

harbinger [] n. 先驱;预言者(one that presages or foreshadows what is to come)
(类)harbinger·presage=archetype·exemplify 预言者预言=范例例示
(同)announce , foreshow, herald, preindicate, presage

harbor [  ]n. 港,避难所v. 包庇,隐匿(to give shelter or refuge to)
(反)harbor ◆ evict 隐匿 ◆ 赶出
(同)chamber, haven, house, roof, shelter, shield

hard-bitten [] adj. 顽强的,坚韧不拔的,不屈的(seasoned or steeled)
(反)hard- bitten ◆ tender 顽强的 ◆ 软弱的
(记)硬咬紧(bitten)牙关

hardy adj. 勇敢的,鲁莽的;强健的(capable of withstanding adverse conditions)
(反)hardy ◆ tender 强健的 ◆ 柔弱的

harmonious [] adj. 和睦的,和谐的(marked by accord in sentiment or action )
(类)harmony·congruity = clandestine·secrecy 秘密的·秘密=协调·一致(同义)
harmonious ◆ acrimonious 和睦的 ◆ 严厉的
harmony ◆ discord 协调 ◆ 不调和
(记)源于harmonize;harmon谐音“和睦”是GRE最好记的一个词
(同)chiming, consonant, harmonic, symphonious
(例)a harmonious morning chorus of birds

harness [] n.马具 v.利用(UTILIZE)
(反)harness ◆ fail to utilize 利用 ◆ 失败利用
(例)harness the computer's potential 利用计算机的潜能
(记)原意是给马上马具

harp [] n. 竖琴(An instrument played by plucking with the fingers.)
(类)horn·blow=harp·pluck 角·吹=竖琴·拨(乐器及其动作)

harrow [] vt.折磨, 使苦恼(to inflict great distress or torment on);n.耙
(反)harrow ◆ assuage 使苦恼 ◆ 减轻(苦恼)
(同)afflict, agonize, excruciate, rack, torment, torture

harry [] v. 掠夺,骚扰(to torment by or as if by constant attack)
(反)harry ◆ comfortuntroubled mollify 骚扰 ◆ 安慰没烦恼安抚
(同)ravage, depredate, despoil, devastate

harsh [] adj. 粗糙的;刺耳的;严厉的(causing a painful sensory reaction)
(类)pan·harsh=barb·caustic 严厉的批评·刺耳的=讽刺的话·刻薄的(正面特征)
(反)harshen ◆ soften 使变粗糙 ◆ 软化
encomium ◆ harsh criticism 赞美 ◆ 严厉的批评
mollycoddle ◆ treat harshly 溺爱 ◆ 粗暴对待
paean ◆ harshly lampoon 赞美 ◆ 严厉地讽刺
(同)rough, rugged, scabrous, uneven, unsmooth

hasten [] vt.促进 vi.赶紧(to urge on)
(反)slow the progress of延缓过程 check阻碍 retard阻碍
(记)has+ten(十分紧要)得加快促进
(同)accelerate, hurry, quicken, swiften

hasty [] adj. 匆匆的,急忙的(done or made in a hurry);轻率的(fast&typically superficial)
(反)characterized by deliberation 深思熟虑地对待well considered deliberate 深思熟虑的
(记)和上面的hasten一起记忆
(同)expeditious, fleet, quick, rapid, swift

hatch [] n. 舱口,舱口盖(an opening, as in the deck of a ship)
(类)door·room=hatch·hold 门·房间=舱口·货舱

haunt [] vt. 常去(resort);(思想)萦扰(to come to mind continually)
(类)haunt·familiar=harass·irritating 常到·熟悉的=使烦恼·使愤怒的(前者造成后者)
(反)haunt ◆ shun 常到 ◆ 避开
(记)比较jaunt远足 taunt嘲弄daunt恐吓gaunt憔悴的

hauteur [] n.傲慢,高傲,自大(haughtiness in bearing and attitude; arrogance)
(类)fawn·hauteur=self depreciate·swagger 奉承·自大=自我轻视·狂妄自大(反面特征)
(反)humility谦虚humbleness谦逊
(记)来自法语haut(高)+eur 参考:haughty adj. 傲慢的
(同)pride, arrogance,haughtiness, loftiness, uperciliousness

haven [] n. 避难所,安全的地方(a place of safety)
(反)haven ◆ unsafe placedangerous place 避难所 ◆ 不安全的地方
(记)和天堂(heaven)一起记忆
(同)shelter , asylum, harbor, refuge, sanctuary

havoc [] n.大破坏,浩劫;大混乱(great confusion and disorder)
(反)havoc ◆ serenity 大混乱 ◆ 宁静
(同)ruin, destruction, devastation, ruination

headlong [] adj. 莽撞的,轻率的(lacking in calmness or restraint Impetuous)
(反)headlong ◆ deliberate 轻率的 ◆ 深思熟虑的
(记)分开记忆head+long头长---轻率
(同)precipitate, abrupt, hasty, impetuous, rushing

hearken [] vi.倾听(to give respectful attention)
(反)hearken ◆ ignore 倾听 ◆ 不理睬
(记)分开记忆hear+ken看→边听边看→倾听
(同)listen, attend, hark, hear, heed

hearten [] vt. 鼓起勇气,激励(to give heart to)
(类)hearten heart·dejection = mollify·anger激励·沮丧=平息·愤怒(消除关系)
(反)daunt使胆怯dismay沮丧
(记)源于heart
(同)encourage, cheer, embolden, inspirit, steel

heartrending [] adj.令人心碎的;悲惨的(causing intense sorrow or distress)
(类)heartrending·sad=earsplittingdeafening·loud 令人心碎的·伤心=震耳欲聋的·响亮
(记)heart(心)+rend撕开→撕心裂肺,悲惨的
(同)afflictive, heartbreaking, lamentable, regrettable, unfortunate

hedonism [] n.享乐主义(the doctrine that happiness is the sole good in life)
(类)hedonist·pleasure=re cluse·privacynarcissistic·self
快乐主义者·快乐=隐遁者·秘密自恋者·自己(人物及其追求对象)
(反)hedonist ◆ ascetic 享乐主义者 ◆ 禁欲者
(记)hedo谐音“海盗”联想:海盗中流行享乐主义。
(例)lead the life of a hedonist

hegemony [] n.霸权,统治权(preponderant influence or authority over others)
(反)hegemony ◆ lack of authority 霸权 ◆ 缺少权利

heinous [] adj.可憎的,十恶不赦的(hatefully or shockingly evil·abominable)
(反)heinous ◆ commendable 可憎的 ◆ 值得赞美的
(记)hei谐音“黑”+nous →心肠够黑,十恶不赦的
(同)atrocious, desperate, monstrous, shocking

heirloom [] n. 传家宝
(类)heirloom·ancestor=bequest·testator 祖先留下传家宝 =立遗嘱之人留下遗产

(记)源于heir(继承人)+loom织布机

helmet [] n.头盔
(类)helmet·injury =amulet·evil 头盔·伤害=护身符·邪恶 (避免关系)
(记)和舵(helm)一起记忆

hem [] n. (衣服或裙子的)褶边
(类)hem·garment=ruffle·shirt=molding·cabinet
褶边·衣服=皱褶·衬衫=装饰用嵌线·橱柜(事物及其特殊部分)
(记)谐音“痕” →折痕→(衣服或裙子的)褶边

hew [hju:] vt. 砍伐;vi. 遵守(hew to)
(反)comform to◆ not hew to

herald [] vt. 预告(to give notice of);n.传令官
(类)unheralded·announcement = unabashed·embarrassment
未预告的·公告=不害羞的·困窘(反义)
(反)unherald ◆ proclaim 未预告的 ◆ 宣布
(同)announce, foreshow, harbinger, preindicate, presage

herbicide [] n. 除草剂
(类)plant·herbicide = insect·pesticide植物·除草剂=害虫·杀虫剂(事物及其消除对象)
(记)her b(草)+cide(杀)参考:herbaceous草本植物的herbivorus食草的

heresy [] n. 异教(an opinion or doctrine contrary to church dogma)
(类)recantation·heresy = apostasy·faith改变信仰·异教=变节·忠实(反义)
(反)heresy ◆ dogma 异教 ◆ 教条
(同)dissent, heterodoxy, nonconformism, unorthodoxy

heretical [] adj. 异教的,异端的
(类)heretic·unconf ormity=apologist·defend=generous·liberality(干扰:aut hority·superiority)
异教徒·不顺从=辩护者·辩护=慷慨者·慷慨(正面特征)
doctrine·heret ical=course·errant教条·异教的=路线·错误的(事物及其反面特征)
(同)dissident, heterodox, sectarian, unorthodox,heretical beliefs

hermetic [] adj. 秘术的,深奥的(having to do with the occult sciences, especially
alchemy; magical)
(反)hermetic ◆ easily comprehended 深奥的 ◆ 容易理解的
(同)recondite, abstruse, deep, esoteric, occult, profound, secret

hermit [] n. 隐士,隐居者(recluse, solitary)
(类)hermit·society=vegetarian·meat 隐士·社会=素食者·肉(前者远离后者)
hermitage·secluded=landmark·conspicuous 隐居处·隐蔽的=路标·明显的(正面特征)
(记)her+MIT.她入麻省理工就要成为隐士了

herpetologist [st] n. 爬虫学家(dealing with reptiles and amphibians)
(类 )chameleon·herpetologist=salmon·ichthyologist 变色龙·爬虫学家=鲑鱼·鱼类研究


hesitance [] n. 踌躇,犹豫(the quality or state of being hesitant)
(类)impetuous·hesitance=parsimo nious·profligacy冲动的·犹豫=吝啬的·挥霍(反义)
impetuous·hesitate=irrepressible·servile 冲动的·犹豫=无法镇压的·卑屈的(反义)
hesitation·reluctance=hubris·pride 犹豫·勉强=狂妄自大·骄傲 (程度)
(反)hesitance ◆ alacrity impetuosity 犹豫 ◆ 敏捷性急

heterodox [] adj. 非正统的,异端的(not in agreement with accepted beliefs)
(类)doctrine·heterodoxy=spontaneous·studied 正统教义·异端=自发的·后天习得的(反
义)
(记)hetero(异)参考:heterogeneous异类的,不同种类的

hiatus [ ] n.裂口,空隙(a gap or an interruption in space, time, or continuity; a break)
hidebound [] adj. 顽固的(having an inflexible character)
(类)hidebo und·conservative=manic·interestedexcited(干扰:peeved ·annoyed)
顽固的·保守的=疯狂的·感兴趣的激动的(程度)
hidebound·flexibility=carefree·responsibility 死板的·灵活性=不负责任·责任(缺乏)
contumacious·authority=reactionary·change 不听令的的反对权威=反动的反对改变
(记)hide(皮)+bound(包起来)原意是一种驯服有很干燥的皮的动物
(同)illiberal, bigoted, intolerant, narrow

hideous [] adj. 丑陋的(exceedingly ugly)
(反)hideous ◆ pulchritudinous 丑陋的 ◆ 美丽的
affinity ◆ aversionhideousness 吸引力 ◆ 厌恶丑陋的
(记)hide(隐藏)+ous因为丑陋而隐藏起来
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38 蓝宝GRE笔考词汇突破核心词汇 蓝宝GRE笔考词汇突破核心词汇
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(同)ugly, unbeautiful, uncomely, unsightly (记)谐音:好窝。联想:我的好窝是小屋

hie [] v. 急忙;疾走;催促(to go quickly) hub [] n. 车轴,中心(a center of activity or interest; a focal point)
(反)hie ◆ dawdle 催促 ◆ 游手好闲,闲混 (类)spoke·hub=radius·center轮辐·中心=半径·中心(前者会聚于后者)
(同)fare, proceed, travel, wend
hubris [] n. 狂妄自大(exaggerated pride or self- confidencehubristic)
hierarchy [] n. 等级制度,僧侣统治,统治集团 (类)hubris·pride=flattery·praise= hesitation·reluctance
(记)hier(神)+arch(统治)→神的统治→僧侣统治 狂妄自大·骄傲=奉承·表扬 =犹豫·不愿意(程度)
hubris·prideself-confidenceproud = parsimony·frugal
hieroglyph [] n.象形文字,图画文字(a character used in a system of hieroglyphic 狂妄自大·自豪的=吝啬·节俭的(褒贬程度)
writing) hubris ◆ humility 狂妄自大 ◆ 谦逊
(类)decipher·hieroglyph=break·code 译解·象形文字=破解·密码(动宾关系) (记)hub 轴心 以自我为轴心→狂妄自大
(干扰separate·component分离·成分)
(记)hiero(神)+glyph(写)神写的象形文字 humble [] adj. 卑下的,谦逊的,粗陋的(ranking low in a hierarchy or scale)
(类)bumptious·humbleness =dour·geniality 傲慢的·谦逊=严厉的·亲切
hike [] v. 使高涨,拉起(to rise up)远足 bumptious·humbleness= impetuous·vacillation hesitation
(反)hike ◆ backset 使高涨 ◆ 倒退 傲慢的·谦逊=冲动的·犹豫(形名反义)
(反)humble ◆ bumptious supercilious 谦逊的 ◆ 傲慢的
hilarious [] adj. 热闹的(marked by or affording hilarity) (同)base, low,mean, plebeian
(类)hilarious·funny = hoary·old 欢闹的·有趣的=极老的·老的(程度)
hilarious·laughter=contemptible·distain 笑声是欢闹=贬损别人是可鄙的(修饰) humidity [  ] n. 湿气, 潮湿, 湿度
(记)hilar(高兴)+ious(形容词结尾) humiliate [  ] v. 羞辱,使丢脸(to reduce to a lower position in one's own eyes)
(同)glee, jocularity, jollity, joviality, merriment humility [  ] n. 谦恭,谦逊 (the quality or state of being humble)
(类)humility·supplicant=resistance·adversary 谦卑·恳请者=抵抗·敌手(正面特征)
histrionic [] adj.戏剧的(of or relating to actors, acting, or the theater) (反)humility ◆ hauteur panache 谦卑 ◆ 傲慢炫耀,摆架子
(类)histrionic·actor = pedantic·scholar 戏剧的·演员= 书生气的·学者(正面特征) (记)以上四词来自同一词根hum(地)实意方向发展→土地→泥→湿(humid);抽象方向发展→使
(记)注意和historic(历史)区分 接近地面→低→自认为很低(谦逊)和使别人低贱(羞辱)
(同)dramatic, theatral, theatric, thespian
humor [] v. 迁就(to soothe or content by indulgence)n. 幽默
hive [] n. 闹市(a place swarming with activity) (类)humor·mollycoddle = chide·pillory 迁就·溺爱=责骂·使示众(程度)
(类)active·hive = tumultuous·bedlam 活跃的·闹市=喧嚣的·喧嚣之地(正面特征) (同)coddle, cosset, indulge, mollycoddle, spoil
(记)原意是蜂房,引申为闹市
hunch [ ] n. 直觉的想法,预感(a strong intuitive feeling concerning)
hoard [] n.v. 贮藏,秘藏(to keep (as one’s thoughts) to oneself) (例)had a hunch that he would lose. 预感到他会输
(类)hoard·miser=shirk·malinger 储藏·守财奴=逃避·装病的人(正面特征)
miser·hoard=dandy·preen= sycophant·fawn=pundit·opine hurricane [] n. 飓风
守财奴·秘藏=花花公子·打扮=马屁精·奉承=博学者·发表意见(正面特征) (类)hurricane·cyclone=snow·precipitation 飓风·旋风=雪·降水(种属)
(反)hoard ◆ lavish 储藏 ◆ 浪费的 storm·hurricane=fire·inferno 暴风·飓风=火·大火(程度)
(记)注意和hoary(灰白的)区别 wind·hurricane=rain·deluge 风·狂风=雨·暴雨(程度)
(同)squirrel, stash (记)hurri(快)+cane快的风---飓风

hoary [] adj. 灰白的,久远的(extremely old) husbandry [] n.节俭;耕种;家政(the control or judicious use of resources)
(类)hoary·old=hilarious·funny 极老的·老的=欢闹的·有趣的(程度) (类)husbandry·dissipate=alacrity·procrastinate 节俭·浪费=敏捷·拖延(反义)
(同)ancient, aged, antediluvian, antique (反)husbandry ◆ prodigality waste 节俭 ◆ 浪费浪费
husband ◆ squander 节俭地使用 ◆ 浪费
hoax [] n. 愚弄,欺骗(an act intended to deceive or trick) (记)husband(大丈夫)+ry男耕(此词有耕种发意思)女织自然节俭
(类)hoax·deceive = filibuster·delay 阻挠·拖延=愚弄·欺骗(行为及其结果) (同) economy, frugality, prudence, thrift
hoax·fraudulent=paragon·excellent 愚弄·欺骗的=模范·优秀的(正面特征)
(记)注意和coax(哄骗)区别 husk [] n.(果类或谷物的)外壳(通常用复数);皮;无价值之物
(同)fake, fraud, gyp, humbug, spoof (类)seedcorn·husk=orange·rind种子谷物·外壳=橘子·外皮(事物及其外皮)
(反)husk ◆ core 外壳 ◆ 核
hodgepodge [] n. 大杂烩(a heterogeneous mixture) husk ◆ vital part 无价值之物 ◆ 主要部分
(类)hodgepodge·uniformity=cliche·originality 大杂烩·一致=陈词滥调·新颖(缺乏)
items·hodgepodge=people·rabble 物品·大杂烩=人·乌合之众(个体及其杂乱集体) husky [] adj. 声音沙哑的;粗糙的(hoarse or rough in quality)
(同)gallimaufry, hotchpotch, jumble, medley, potpourri (反)husky ◆ delicate 粗糙的 ◆ 细腻的
(记)来自husk 联想:植物的外壳一般是粗糙的。
homage [] n. 敬意,尊敬,效忠(expression of high regard) (同)hoarse, croaking, croaky, gruff
(类)laud·homage = counsel·advice称赞·敬意=劝告·劝告(同义)
(反)homage ◆ disrespect 敬意 ◆ 失礼 hybrid [] adj. 混合的;杂种的;混合语的n. 杂种(something heterogeneous)
(记)同根词homicide(杀人犯),hom(=hum)人 (反)hybrid ◆ of unmixed extraction purebred 杂种的 ◆ 纯血统的纯种的
(同)honor, reverence, deference (记)hybrid car(混合动力汽车,用发动机和电池作为动力来源)
(同)bastard, crossbreed, mongrel, mule
homely [] adj. 家常的, 朴素的;不漂亮的(not attractive or good-looking) (例)the mule is a hybrid of the ass and the horse
(反)pulchritude ◆ homeliness 美丽 ◆ 不漂亮
(记)home+ly(糟糠之妻)不漂亮 hymn [] n. 赞美诗,圣歌;赞歌(a song of praise or joy)
(类)hymn·praise=elegy·sorrow =dirge·grief
homily [] n. 说教,训诫(a lecture or discourse on or of a moral theme) 赞歌·赞美=挽歌·悲伤=挽歌·悲伤(事物及其表达的含义)
(类)homily·lecture = parable·story 说教·演讲=寓言·故事(种属) (同)song, aria, ditty
(记)和homely(不漂亮的)区别
hyperbole [] n. 夸张法(extravagant exaggeration)
homogenize [] v. 使均匀(to blend (diverse elements) into a uniform mixture) ( 类)exaggeration·hyperbole=anger·tiradepithiness·aph orismplayfulness·banter
(类)homogenize·uniform=putrefaction·rotten 使均匀·统一的=腐败·腐烂的 (同义) 夸张法夸张=激烈的长篇演说愤怒格言精辟玩笑顽皮
(反)homogenize ◆ stratify 使均匀 ◆ 使分层 exaggerating·hyperbole =malicious·ill will 夸张·夸张=恶毒的·恶意
(记)homo(相同的)+gen(类)参考:homogeneous 同类的 (反)hyperbole ◆ understatement 夸张 ◆ 保守的陈述
(记)hyper(高)+bole(树干)
hone []v. 用磨刀石磨(to make more acute;whet) n. 磨刀石,抱怨,想念 (同)exaggeration, embellishment, embroidering
(反)hone ◆ blunt 磨快 ◆ 弄钝
hypnotic [] adj. 催眠的,于催眠的(tending to produce sleep)
honorarium [] n.酬劳 (反)hypnotic ◆ consciousstimulant 催眠药 ◆ 有知觉的刺激物
(类)honorarium·grateful = amenity·comfortable 酬劳·感谢的=宜人·舒适的(正面特征) (记)hypno(睡眠)+tic
(记)honor(荣誉)+arium (同) soporific, narcotic, opiate, somnifacient
(例)medicine is an honorable profession list 17 hypocritical ---------indict
hypocritical [] adj. 伪善的(characterized by hypocrisy; also ·being a
hoodwink [] vt. 欺骗, 迷惑(to deceive by false appearance) hypocrite)
(反)hoodwink ◆ disabuse 迷惑 ◆ 解惑 (类)sincerity·hypocritical =authenticity·fraudulent 诚挚·伪善的=真实性·欺诈的
(同)dupe, bamboozle, befool, chicane, gull, hoax, trick hypocritical ◆ ingenuoushonest 伪善的 ◆ 真诚的诚实的
(记)hypo(不足的)+critical(批评)假装不轻轻的批评
hortative [] adj. 鼓励的(giving exhortation) (同)canting, pecksniffian, pharisaical, sanctimonious
(类)hortatory·urge=didactic·teach 鼓励的·力劝=说教的·教授(形容词与动词同义) (例)hypocritical compliments
hortative·encourage=exculpatory·ab solve鼓励的·鼓励=辨明无罪的·无罪赦免
(记)hort(敦促)+ative hypothesis [  ] n. 假设(an assumption made for the sake of argument)
ichthyologist [] n. 鱼类学者,鱼类研究者(one that deals with fishes)
horticulture [] n. 园艺 (类)salmon·ichthyologist=chameleon·herpetologist
(类)flower·horticulture = tree·forestry 花·园艺=树·林学(学科及其研究对象) 大麻哈鱼·鱼类学家=变色龙·爬虫学家(学者及其研究对象)
(记)horti(花园)+culture(培育)参考agriculture(农业)
iconoclast [] n. 偶像破坏者,打破旧习的人(one who attacks settled beliefs)
hovel [] n. 小屋(a small, wretched, and often dirty house) (类)iconoclast·attack=philosopher·cogitate 打破旧习的人·打破=哲人·思考
(类)palatial·hovel=bucolic·city= bucolic·metropolis
富丽堂皇的·小屋=田园风味的·城市=乡村的·大都市(反面特征) identical [ ] adj. 同一的,同样的(being the same:selfsame)
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(例)the identical place we stopped before我们以前停留过的同样的地方。

identify [  ] v. 辨认,识别,确认

idiosyncrasy n. 特质,特性(a peculiarity of constitution or temperament)
(记)idio个性,习性 参考:idiom习惯用语

idolatrize [] v.奉为偶像,盲目崇拜(admires intensely and often blindly)
(类)esteem·idolatrize=favor·bribe 尊敬·盲目崇拜=赐予·行贿 (程度褒贬类比)
reverent·idolater=trusting·dupe 虔诚的·偶像崇拜者=轻信的·易受骗的人(正面)
(记)idol(偶像)参考:idolatry 偶像崇拜

idyll [] n.田园诗,牧歌;田园生活(a carefree episode or experience)
(类)idyll·carefree=ordeal·difficult 田园生活·无忧无虑的=严酷的考验·困难的
(反)idyll ◆ experience fraught with tension 田园休闲生活 ◆充满紧张的经历
【注】fraught :filled with a specified element or elements; charged充满的

ignite [] v. 点燃(to set afire),使灼热;使兴奋(to arouse the passions of; excite)
(反)ignite ◆ extinguish 点燃 ◆ 熄灭
(同)light, enkindle, fire, inflame, kindle

ignominy [] n. 耻辱(deep personal humiliation and disgrace)
(反)ignominious ◆ lofty 可耻的 ◆ 崇高的
ignominy ◆ gloryhonoresteem respect 耻辱 ◆ 光荣
(记)ig+nomin(名声)
(同)discredit, disesteem, disrepute, infamy

illiteracy [] n. 文盲(the condition of being unable to read and write)
(类)illiteracy·education=inequity·redistribution 文盲·教育=不公·重新分配(消除)
erudition ◆ illiteracy 博学 ◆ 文盲
(记)il(不)+literacy(有文化,有读写能力)参考:literature 文学

illuminati [] n. 有睿智的人(persons who claim to be unusually enlightened)
(类)illuminati·instruct=interpreter·translate 有睿智的人·指导=翻译员·翻译(正面)
(同)intelligentsia , literati
(记)源于iluminate(照明,说明)

illumination [] n. 照明;阐明;启发;装饰图案
(类)transportation·automobile=illumination·lamp
运输·车=照明·灯(用途)
lamp·illumination=apron·protect=stylus·mark
灯·照明= 围裙·保护 =铁笔·刻痕(物品及其用途)
flash·illumination=squall·commotion
通过闪烁来照明=通过大叫来扰乱
illumination·manuscript =frieze·building
装饰图案·手稿=雕饰·建筑(装饰关系)
illuminate·darkness=educate·ignorance
照明·黑暗=教育·无知(前者消除后者)
(反)obfuscate ◆ elucidateilluminateexplain clearly 使迷乱 ◆ 阐明阐明解释清楚

illusory [] adj. 产生幻觉的,幻影的,幻想(based on or producing illusion)
(类)mirage·illusory =maelstrom·turbulent 海市蜃楼·幻影的=大旋涡·狂暴的(正面特征)
illusion·fantasy=nicety·precision 幻想·幻想=准确·精确(同义)
illusion·perception=cunning·truth =gaffe·judgment
幻想·感觉=狡诈·事实=过失·判断(错误与正常)
(记)源于illusion(幻想)
(同)ficitious, chimerical, fantastic, fictional, imaginary

imbibe [] v. 象喝一样地吸收或吸进(to absorb or take in as if by drinking)
(类)thirsty·imbibe=exhausted·rest 喝水解渴=休息消除疲惫
(记)im(=in)+bibe(=drink)

imbue [] v. 浸透,(用感情)充满(与with连用)
(例)People should be imbued with a sense of responsibility for the nation.
人们应该充满对国家的责任感

imbroglio [] n. 纷乱,纠葛,纷扰,一团糟(a violently confused altercation)
(反)imbroglio ◆ harmony 纷乱 ◆ 协调

imitation [] n. 模仿,效法;冒充,赝品
(类)exemplary·imit ation=culpable·blame可作模范的·模仿·该责备的·责备(同义)
exemp lary·imitation=reverent·deference可仿效的·模仿=虔诚的·尊重 (因果
关系)
paragonparadigm·imitate=reverence·r egard模范·效仿=值得尊敬的人·尊重
(记)源于imitate(模仿)
(同)artificial, mock, simulated, spurious, substitute

immaculate [] adj纯净的(having no stain or blemish)
(反)squalor ◆ immaculate 肮脏的 ◆ 纯净的
(记)im(无)+maculate(斑点的)
(同)chaste, decent, stainless, unblemished, undefiled

immanent [] adj. 普遍存在的,内在的
(类)immanent ◆ explicit extrinsic 内在的 ◆ 外在的外在的
(记)im(=in)+man(人的)+ent在人的―――内在的

immaterial [] adj. 非物质的,无形的,精神的(of no substantial consequence)
(类 )immaterial·relevance=peripheral·center=circuitous ·directness
不相关的·相关=外围的·中心=拐弯抹角的·率直(形名反义)
relevant ◆ immaterial 有关的 ◆ 无关的
(记)im(无)+material(实体的)
(同)incorporeal, insubstantial, nonphysical, spiritual, unmaterial

immature [] adj. 不成熟的, 未完全发展的
(类)immature·developed=incipient·realized 未完全发展的·发展好的=初始的·实现的
(记)im(不)+mature(成熟)

immemorial [] adj. 古老的(existing since beyond the reach of memory, record)
(反)immemorial ◆ recent 古老的 ◆ 近来的
(记)im(不能)+memorial(记忆)不能记住――古老的

imminent [  ] adj. 紧急的,马上要发生的;迫近的
(记)min(突出,威胁)参考:emminent杰出的;prominent 突出的,卓越的

immune [] adj. 免疫的,免除的,不受影响的
(类)vaccinating·immunity=soporific·sleep 接种的·免疫=催眠的·睡觉(因果关系)
immunize·resist=fertilize·grow 使免疫·抵抗=施肥·生长(因果关系)
(反)immune ◆ having no resistance 免疫 ◆ 无抵抗力
immunity ◆ susceptibility 免疫性 ◆ 易感性
(记)和immure(禁闭)一起记忆

immure [] v. 监禁,禁闭(to enclose within or as if within walls)
(反)immure ◆ release liberate 禁闭 ◆ 释放解放
(同)imprison, bastille, constrain, incarcerate, jail

immutable [] adj. 不可变的(not capable of or susceptible to change)
(类)immutable·altered=implacable·propitiated 不可变的·改变的=不听劝解的·劝解的
immutable·change =transitory·endure 不能变的·改变=短暂的·耐久 (反义)
(反)immutable ◆ variable 不可变的 ◆ 可变的
(记)im(不)+mutable(易变的)

imp [] n. 顽童(a mischievous child)
(类)mischievous·imp=insensitive·boor 淘气的·顽童=感觉迟钝的·粗人(正面特征)

impassioned [] adj. 热情洋溢的,感情充沛的
(记)im(进入)+passion(激情, 热情)→进入激情→热情洋溢的比较:impassive冷漠的

impassive [] adj. 冷漠的, 无感情的 ,平静的
(类)callous·impassive=dupe·duplicity 冷淡的·冷漠的=欺骗·不诚实 (同义)
mpassive·perturb=voracious·satisfy 冷漠的·打扰=贪婪的·满足(反面被动特征)
(反)impassive ◆ emotional perfervid excitable 冷漠的 ◆ 情感的非常热心的易兴奋的
(记)im(进入)+passive(被动的,消极的)→进入消极→冷漠
(同)apathetic, phlegmatic, stoic, stolid

impartial [] adj. 公平的,不偏不倚的(not partial or biased; unprejudiced)
impersonal [] adj. 客观的,无个人喜好的;没有感情的,冷淡的;没有人情味的
(例)an aloof, impersonal manner. 冷淡、疏远的态度;an impersonal remark 客观的评价
a large, impersonal corporation. 一个没有人情味的大公司

impersonate [  ] vt. 模仿,假扮; 体现(to embody)
impertinence n. 不适当,傲慢(insolence),无礼;不相干(irrelevance)
(反)impertinence ◆ respect 傲慢,无礼 ◆ 尊敬
impertinence ◆ relevance 不相干 ◆ 相关

impervious []不能渗透的,不受影响的
(类)i mpervious·friable=nonflammable·combustible不受影响的不脆弱 =不可燃烧的不燃烧

imperturbable adj. 沉着的,冷静的(unshakably calm and collected)
(反)ticklish 易发脾气的;restive不安的,不稳定的

impeccable [] a.没缺点的,正直的
(类)impeccable·flaw=ingenuous·guile 没缺点的·缺点=真诚的·狡诈(反面特征)
restive·calmness=impeccable·flaw=sterile·germ
不安静的·平静=没有缺点的·缺点=无菌的·细菌(缺乏关系)
(反)impeccable ◆ faulty 没缺点的 ◆ 有缺点的
(记)im(无)+peccable(易犯过失的)
(同)faultless, flawless, immaculate, irreproachable

impecunious [] adj. 不名一文的,贫困的(having very little or no money)
(类)impecunious·money=foolish·discretion 贫穷的缺乏钱=愚蠢的缺乏判断力
pelf·impecunious=experience·green 钱财·贫穷的=经验·无经验的(缺乏)
(反)impecunious ◆ wealthyprosperousaffluent 贫穷的 ◆ 富裕的繁荣的富裕的
impecunious ◆ lavishprosperous affluent 贫穷的 ◆ 过分丰富的繁荣的富裕

(记)im(无)+pecun (钱)+ ious→不名一文 参考:penurious吝啬的,贫困的
(同)poor, destitute, impoverished, indigent, penurious

impede [] v. 妨碍,阻碍(to interfere with or slow the progress of)
(类)blandishment·cajole=obstacle·impede 甜言蜜语·哄骗=障碍·阻止(目的关系)
(反)facilitate ◆ impeding 促进 ◆ 阻止
impede ◆ promotefoment abet nurture assist 阻碍 ◆ 促进煽动教唆支持
抚育帮助
encumber ◆ remove impediment 阻碍 ◆ 除去阻碍
cultivate ◆ impede 培养 ◆ 阻止
(同)hinder, block, brake, obstruct

impend [] vi. 即将发生(to be about to occur ;imminent, proximate)
(反)remote ◆ impending 遥远的 ◆ 即将发生的

impenetrable [] adj. 难以渗透的(incapable of being penetrated or pierced)
(类)enigma·impenetrable=juggernaut·unstoppable
迷一样的·难以理解的=压倒一切的力量·无法阻碍的(正面特征)
pierce·impe netrable=change·immutable=profane·inviolable
穿透·难以渗透的=改变·不可改变的=亵渎·不可亵渎的(动形反义)
(反)porous ◆ impenetrable多孔渗水的 ◆ 难以渗透的
(同)impassable, impermeable, impervious, unpierceable

impenitent [] adj. 不悔悟的(not feeling or expressing humble or regretful pain)
(反)impenitent ◆ remorseful rueful 不悔的 ◆ 悔改的悔恨的
(同)remorseless, regretless, unregretful, unrepentant

imperative [] adj. 命令式的,急需的,势在必行的,强制的(expressive of a command)
(类) order·imperative=question·interrogative 命令·命令的=怀疑·表示疑问的(同义)
(记) 源于imper=order(命令)
(同)domineering, imperial, imperious, overbearing, peremptory

imperial [] adj. 帝王的,至尊的;壮丽的,堂皇的
(类)imperial·significance=grotesque·fantasy 堂皇的·重大=奇异的·怪念头(同义)
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imperial·significant=spartan·austere 至尊的·重要的=非常简朴的·简朴的(程
度)
(反)imperial ◆ obedient 最高权力的 ◆ 服从的
(记)词根imper=order(命令) 联想:有资格指手画脚发布命令的当然是皇帝。

imperious [] adj. 傲慢的,专横的(marked by arrogant assurance)
(类)imperious·fawn=swagger·self depreciate专横的·奉承=自大的·自贬(反义)
rash·circumspectiv e=imperious·servile=bellicose·peaceable
轻率的·慎重的=专横的·卑屈的=好战的·和平的(反义)
fawn·imperious ness=equivocate·directness=elaborate·sketch
奉承·专横=支吾·率直=详细描述·梗概(动名反义)
imperiousness·fawn=self depreciatory·swagger 专横·奉承=自我贬低·大摇
大摆
elf·imperious恶人·专横的(正面特征)
(反)imperious ◆ servileobeisant obsequious humble deferential
专横的 ◆ 卑屈的服从的谄媚的谦逊的恭顺的
(记)词根imper和imperial, imperatorial(至尊的)一起记忆
(同)masterful, domineering, peremptory, imperative

impertinent [] adj. 鲁莽的,粗鲁的(characterized by insolent rudeness);不恰
当的
(类)impertinent·propriety=keen ·obtuseness 鲁莽的·适当=敏锐的·迟钝(反义)
perturb·serenity=impertinent·propriety 扰乱·平静=鲁莽的·适当(缺乏关系)
(反)impertinence ◆ obeisant respectrelevance 无礼 ◆ 尊敬
(记)im(否定)+pertinent(有关的,得体的)→不得体的→鲁莽的
(同)officious, meddlesome, intrusive, obtrusive

imperturbable [] adj. 冷静沉着的,泰然自若的,镇静的(marked by extreme
calm)
(反)imperturbable calm ◆ ticklish restive 冷静的 ◆ 不稳定的 吵闹的
imperturbability ◆ testiness volatility 冷静 ◆ 暴躁 易变
(记)im+perturb(打扰)+able不被打扰的→冷静的
(同)cool, composed, collected, unruffled, nonchalant

impervious [] adj. 密封的;不会被损害的(not capable of being damaged or
harmed)
(类)impervious·damaged=indefensibl e·excused=precarious·stable
不会被损害的·伤害的=无辩护余地的·申辩的=不稳定的·稳定的(反义)
impervious·damaged=indomitable·subdue
不会被损害的·伤害的=不屈服的·屈服的(反义)
impervious·friable=nonflammable·combustible
不会被损害的·易碎的=不燃烧的·易燃的
impervious·penetrate=ineluctable·avoid
不能渗透的·渗透=不可避免的·避免(反义)
(反)translucent ◆ impervious of light透明的 ◆ 不透光的
(记)im(否定)+pervious(渗透的)→不渗透的
(同)impenetrable,impermeable, imperviable, unpierceable

impetuous [] adj. 冲动的,急躁的(marked by impulsive vehemence or passion)
(类)impetuous·hesitate=irrepressible· servile冲动的·犹豫=镇压不住的·顺从的(反义)
impetuous·vacillation hesitation=bumptious·humbleness
冲动的·踌躇犹豫=傲慢的·谦逊(形名反义)
(反)impetuous ◆ deliberate 冲动的 ◆ 深思熟虑的
impetuosity ◆ hesitancevacillation 冲动 ◆ 犹豫踌躇
(记)词根impet(推动)
(同)precipitate, abrupt, hasty, precipitant, rushing

impiety [] n. 无信仰,不虔诚(the quality or state of being impious)
(反)impiety ◆ devoutness 不虔诚的 ◆ 虔诚的

implacable [] adj. 不能和解或平息的(Impossible to placate or appease)
(类)implacable·appease=indomitable·subdue 不能平息的不可平息=不能征服的不可征服
implacable·compromise=honest·swindle 不能和解的不会妥协=诚实的不会诈

implacable·propitiated =inalienable·surrendered=immutable·altered
不能和解的·和解的=不能让与的·放弃=不能变的·改变的(反面特征:不能)
(记)im+placable(易抚慰的)
(同)grim, merciless, ruthless, unappeasable

implement [] v. 实现,使生效,执行 n. 工具,器具
(反)implement ◆ foil 实现 ◆ 阻止

implicate v. 含有„意思,暗示;使某人牵连于(罪行)
(例)The police found a letter which implicated him in the robbery.
警察发现了一封信,这封信把他牵连到抢劫案中。
(记)explicate v. 阐明,说明 参考:implicit暗示的,含蓄的;explicit 明显的,外在清楚的

implode [] v. 内爆(to collapse inward as if from external pressure)
(类)collapse·implode=divide·sunder 倒塌·内爆=分开·切开(因果关系)
(反)implosion ◆ rapid outward movement 内爆 ◆ 快速向外运动

implore [  ] vt.恳求, 哀求(to appeal to in supplication; beseech)
(记)参考:deplore指责,谴责(尤其重要的义项);痛惜,遗憾

imposing [] adj. 使难忘的;壮丽的(impressive in size, dignity, or grandeur)
(反)imposing ◆ modest壮丽的 ◆ 适度的
(记)源于impose(强加)
(同)baronial, grandiose, magnificent, majestic

importune [  ] adj. 强求的, 胡搅蛮缠的(to beg persistently or troublesomely)
(类)accost·approach =importune·request 大胆靠近·接近=不断要求强求·要求
(前者是后者的特殊方式)干扰:(bequest·give)(glorify·praise)
importune·request=pry·inquiry 强求·要求=刺探·调查(特殊方式)

impostor [] n. 冒名顶替者(one that assumes false identity for deception)
(类)impostor·identity=usurper·authorization
冒名顶替者·身份=篡位者·权利(前者不正当得到后者)

impotent [] a. 无力的,虚弱的,无效的(lacking in power, strength)
(反)clout ◆ impotence权力 ◆ 无力虚弱
(同)weak , emasculate, forceless, ineffective, spineless

imprecise [ ] adj. 不严密的,不精确的
(反)nice ◆ imprecise 精密的 ◆ 不严密的

impresario [] n.(剧院、乐团等的)经理人
(类)impresario·entertainment=broker·trade 经理人投资娱乐业=经纪人协商交易

impromptu adj. 即席的,即兴的(composed without previous preparation;extemporaneous)
(类)ad- lib·impromptu=aside·divergent 即兴地·即席的=在旁边·分岔的(副词形容词同
义)
impromptu·performance=unheralded·announcement
即席演出·表演=没有预先通知的·公告(反义)
impromptu·rehearsal=honesty· duplicity=caprice·deliberate
即兴演出·排演=诚实·狡猾=反复无常·深思熟虑的(反义)
(反)impromptu ◆ carefully rehearsed 即席演出 ◆ 仔细排练
(记)im+prompt(即时的)+u不即时的-即席的

improvise [] v. 即兴而作(to compose, recite, play, or sing extemporaneously)
(类)score·improvise =text·extemporize 乐谱·即席而作=演讲稿·即席演讲
(反)rite ◆ improvised act 惯例 ◆ 即兴表演
(同)extemporary, improvised, offhand, sunrehearsed

imprudent [] adj. 轻率的,鲁莽的(not prudent:lacking discretion)
(反)imprudent ◆ judicious 轻率的 ◆ 审慎的
【注】judicious :having or exhibiting sound judgment;prudent. 有判断力的;审慎的

impudent [] adj. 放肆无礼的,厚颜无耻的(marked by contemptuous or boldness)
(类)impudence·brazen=deadpan·impassive 厚颜无耻·厚颜无耻=无表情·冷漠的(同
义)
(反)impudent ◆ deferential respectful obeisant reverence deference
放肆无礼的 ◆ 恭敬的 恭敬有礼貌的 恭敬的 尊重
(记)注意和imprudent(轻率的)区别
(同)unwise, impolitic, indiscreet, injudicious

impugn [] v. 指责,对„表示怀疑(to assail by words or arguments)
(反)impugn ◆ champion endorse extol vindicate uphold
指责 ◆ 支持 同意 赞美 辩护 赞同
(记)im+pugn(打斗)
(同)contradict, contravene, gainsay, negative, traverse

impuissance [] n. 无权;无力;虚弱
(反)clout ◆ impuissance 权势 ◆ 无权
(记)im(没有)+puissance(权力)→无权;puissance 谐音:溥仪三思;联想:当年溥仪皇帝
没有
任何权力,他再三思考的当然是权力。

inadvertent [] adj. 不注意的,疏忽的(not focusing the mind on a matter)
(反)advertent ◆ inattentive 留意的 ◆ 疏忽的
inadvertent ◆ intentional 疏忽的 ◆ 留意的
inadvertence ◆ careful attention 疏忽 ◆ 仔细注意
(同)careless, heedless, irreflective, thoughtless, unheeding

inalienable [] adj. 不能让与的,不能交出的(incapable of being alienated,
surrendered, or
transferred)
(类)inali enable·surrendered=implacable·propitiated 不能交出的·交出的=难平息的·平
息的
(记)alienate 除疏远的基本义项外,还有交出,让与的意思(to convey or transfer (as property
or a
right) usually by a specific act rather than the due course of law)这里所取的就是交出
的意思。
(例)inalienable rights 不能交出的权利

inane [] adj. 空洞的(lacking significance, meaning, or point)
(反)expressive 有表现力的 meaningful有意义的 pregnant富有意义的
significant有意义的 weighty有内容的 substantiated实体化的
(记)in+an+e 在一个e时代里,人们普遍感到空虚
(同)flat, innocuous, jejune, sapless, vapid

inanimate [] adj. 无生命的(not animated or lively)
(类)inanimate·living = ephemeral·enduring 无生命的·活的=短暂的·持久的(反义)
(记)in(无)+animate(生机勃勃的)无生命的
(同)dead, deceased, exanimate, extinct, lifeless

inaugurate [] v. 举行就职典礼(to induct into an office with suitable ceremonies)
(类)inauguration·official=matriculation·student 就职·公务员=入学·学生
inaugurate·president=install·offi cial=crown·king
举行就职典礼·总统=使就职·公务员=加冕·国王(行为及其对象)
(反)cease ◆ inaugurate commencement 终止 ◆ 开创 开始
(记)in(进入)+augur(预言)+ate(吃)中国的就职典礼免不了吃
(同)begin, commence, start, initiate

incandescent [] adj. 白炽的(strikingly bright, radiant, or clear)
(反)incandescent ◆ dull 白炽的 ◆ 阴暗的
(记)in+cand(白热)+escent(开始)
(同) bright, brilliant, effulgent luminous, radiant, refulgent

incantation n. 咒语
(类)incantation·utterance=talisman·object 咒语·话=护身符·东西(种属)

incarnate [] vt. 体现,使具体化,使成化身adj.人体的(invested with bodily and
especially
human nature and form)
(反)incarnate ◆ incorporeal 人体的 ◆ 灵魂的
(记)in+carn(肉体的)+ate
(同)embody, externalize, materialize, objectify, substantiate

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41 蓝宝GRE笔考词汇突破核心词汇 蓝宝GRE笔考词汇突破核心词汇
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incendiary [] adj. 放火的;煽动的,教唆的(involving a deliberate burning of
property)
(类)incendiary·agitate=insurgent·rebel 煽动的·煽动=叛乱的·叛乱 (形容词和名词同
义)
(记)in+cend(=cand放火)+iary原意是放火的,引申为煽风点火

incense [] v. 用香焚;激怒(to arouse the extreme anger or indignation of)
(反)propitiate ◆ incense 劝解 ◆ 激怒
(同)anger, enrage, infuriate, mad, umbrage

inception [] n.开端,开始,取得学位(an instance of beginning;commencement)
(类)inception·terminati on=matriculation·graduation 开始·终止=入学·毕业(反义)
(记)in+cept(词根·拿)+ion同根词·accept,concept
(同)origin, source, root

incessant [] adj. 不断的,不绝的,无尽的(continuing without interruption)
(反)incessant ◆ interrupted 不断的 ◆ 中断的
(记)in+cess(停止)ant 不停的,不断的
(同)continual, constant, perpetual,perennial

inch [] v. 慢慢前进,慢慢移动(to move by small degrees: progress slowly)
(类)inch·advance=accrete·grow 慢慢前进·前进=增长·生长(种属)
inch·move=drawl·speak 慢慢移动·移动=懒洋洋地说·说(程度) 缓慢
(记)一寸一寸的移动引申为慢慢前进

inchoate [] a.刚开始的,未完全发展的(being only partly in existence or operation)
(类)inchoateincipient·realized=immature· developed
未形成的初始的·形成的=未完全发展的·完全发展的(反义)
(反)inchoate ◆ explicit completely formed enduring fully formed fully realized
不完全的 ◆ 明确的 完全发展的 完全发展的 完全发展的 完全发展的
(记)in+cho(col)ate巧克力从凉的地方取出来-未完全(融化)的

incidence n.发生;影响范围,发生率
(例)a high incidence of malaria in the tropics. 热带地区疟疾的高发率
did not expect criticism and was surprised by its incidence. 受到未预料的批评而感到吃惊

incinerate [] vi. 烧成灰烬(to cause to burn to ashes)
(类)singe·incinerate=erode·destruction 烧的微焦·烧成灰烬=腐蚀·毁灭 (程度)
(记)in+ciner(灰)+ate

incipient [] adj. 开始的(beginning to come into being or to become apparent)
(类)incipient inchoate·realized=immature·developed
开始的·完成的=不成熟的·成熟的(反义)
incipient·realized=ta ngible·indefinite=hypothetical·proven(争议:
morib und·dead)
开始的·完成的=切实的·不确定的=假说的·被证明的(反义)
(反)incipient ◆ full-blown full realized plentiful 开始的 ◆ 成熟的完全实现的丰富的
(记)in+cip(零)ient刚是零的-开始的
(同) initial, inceptive, introductory, nascent

incisive [] adj. 深刻的, 尖锐的, 一针见血的
(记)来自incise v. 切,切割;incision切口

incite [] v 煽动,刺激(to move to action:stir up:spur on:urge on)
(类)instigator·incite=bully·browbeat 煽动者·煽动=侍强凌弱的人·恫吓(特征行为)
persiflage·incite=exhortation·motivate 恶意抨击·刺激=劝告·促进(动作及表现)
(反)incite ◆ pacify 煽动 ◆ 抚慰
incitant ◆ insensible 兴奋的 ◆ 无知觉的
(记)in+ cite(词根·)注意和excite(兴奋的)区别
(同)instigate, abet, foment

inclement [] a.(天气)严酷的,严厉的(lacking mildness)
(类)draconian·inclemency=fret·vexation 严峻的·严酷=(使)烦恼·烦恼(同义)
inclemency·evade 险恶,严酷·逃避(因果关系)
inclement ◆ balmy mild 险恶严酷的 ◆ 温和的
(同)severe, bitter, harsh, intemperate, rigorous

incogitant [] adj. 考虑不周的(thoughtless; inconsiderate)
(类)incogitant·thoughtful=restive·calm 考虑不周的·深思的=不安的·安静的(反义)
incogitant·thoughtfulness=restive·calmnes 考虑不周的·深思=不安的·安静(反面特
征)
(同)rash, brash, inconsiderate, reckless, thoughtless
(记)来自cogitate深思,慎重考虑

incongruent [] adj. 不协调的,不合适(not superposable to be coincident
throughout)
(类)incongruent·c onform=recalcitrant·obey=scatter·overlap
不协调的·顺从=反对的·顺从=分散的·重叠(反义)
(记)in+congruent(适合的;数学:全等的)
(同)inconsonant , discrepant, incompatible, incongruous, inconsistent

inconsequential [] adj. 不合逻辑的,不合理的;不重要(of no
significance)
(类)inconsequential·illogical =apocalyptic·prophetic
不合逻辑的·不合逻辑的=天启的·预言的(同义)
(反)crucial ◆ inconsequential 重要的 ◆ 不重要的
(记)in+consequential(因果的,重要的)
(同)inconsequent, inconsiderable, paltry, trifling, trivial

incontrovertible [] adj. 无可争议的(not open to question)
(类)incontrovertible·dispute=untenable·defend
无可争议的·争议=无法抵抗的·防卫(反面特征)
incontrovertible·disputed=matchless·equaled
无可争议的·争议的=无法比拟的·相等的(反义)
(反)controvert ◆ substantiate 争论 ◆ 证实
(记)in+controvertible(可辩论的)
(同)certain, incontestable, indisputable, indubitable

incorporate v. 包含,吸收(to blend or combine thoroughly) 体现(embody)
incorrigible [] adj. 无药可救的,固执的(incapable of being corrected or
amended)
(类)incorrigible·amend=irradicable·remove 固执的·改正=不能根除的·移动(难以)
incorrigible·reform=inscrutable·understood 固执的·革新=难以了解的·理解(难
以)
(反)incorrigible ◆ tractable 固执的 ◆ 温顺的
incorrigibility ◆ tractability 固执 ◆ 温顺
(记)in(不)+corrig(= correct改正)+ible→不能改正的→固执的

incriminate [] vt. 归罪,使负罪,控告(to proof of involvement in a crime or fault)
(反)incrimination ◆ exoneration 使负罪 ◆ 免罪
(记)in(加强)+criminate(使负罪)
(同)accuse, charge, criminate, impeach, inculpate

incubator [] n. 孵化器
(类)incubator·infant =greenhouse·plant 孵化器培育婴儿=温室培养植物
(记)cub幼兽,不动规矩的年轻人 联想:把幼兽放进去→孵化

inculcate [  ] v. 反复灌输,谆谆教诲
inculpate [] vt. 使„有罪(to incriminate)
(反)exonerate免罪 absolve赦免 exculpate使无罪
(同)accuse, arraign, criminate, impeach, incriminate

incumbent adj. 职责所在的,富有„义务的(imposed as a duty:obligatory)
incursion [] n.侵犯,入侵 (a hostile entrance into a territory)
(反)incursion ◆ retreat 入侵 ◆ 撤退
(记)in+curs(词根·跑)跑进来→入侵
indebted [] adj. 有义务的,感激的
indelible [] adj. 擦试不掉的,不可磨灭的(ineradicable, inerasable, inextrpable)
(类)indelible·forget=astounding·expect 不可磨灭的·忘记=令人吃惊的·预期(反义)
indelibility·erasure=impermeability·passage 不能消除·擦除=不渗透性·透过
(反)indelible ◆ erasable 去不掉的 ◆ 可抹去的
indelibility ◆ eras ability 擦试不掉 ◆ 擦掉
(记)in(不)+delible(删除)

indemnity [] n. 赔偿,补偿;保护(security against hurt, loss, or damage)
(类)mollification·soothe=indemnity·secure 减轻·缓和=保护·使安全(动作及其目的)
(记)in+demn(词根:损坏)+ity
(同)amends, compensation, recompense, redress, restitution

indicate [] vt. 指出, 显示, 象征
indicative [] adj. 象征的,显示的
(例)Is a high forehead indicative of great mental power? 前额高表示智慧高吗?

indict [] vt. 起诉,控告,指控(to accuse of wrongdoing; charge)
(类)indict·accused 起诉·被起诉的(反面特征)
(反)absolve ◆ indict 赦免 ◆ 控告
(记)in+dict(词根:说)参考: dictator独裁者
(同)accuse, charge, impeach, incriminate, inculpate
list 18 indifferent -------inveigle
indifferent [] adj. 漠不关心的(marked by a lack of interest)
(类)shrug·indifference=embrace·affection 耸肩·漠不关心=拥抱·爱(动作体现情感)
(反)indifferent ◆ avid fervor enraptured 漠不关心的 ◆ 热心的 热情的 狂喜的
zealot ◆ indifference 狂热 ◆ 不关心
(记)in(不)+different(不同) 与平时无两样的-漠不关心的
(同)arraign, charge, impeach, incriminate, inculpate
(例)was indifferent to suffering and poverty

indigenous [] adj.土产的,本地的;先天的,天生的(innate;inborn)
(反)indigenous ◆ exotic foreign nonnative 本地的 ◆ 异国的,外来的
indigenous ◆ acquired 先天的 ◆ 后来获取的
(记)注意和indigent(贫穷的) 区别
(同)innate , connatural, inherited, native, natural

indigent [] adj. 贫穷的(suffering from indigence)
(类)indigent·wealth=redundant·indispensability 贫穷的·富裕=多余的·不可缺少
(反)indigent ◆ affluent wealth 贫穷的 ◆ 富裕的
(同)poor, destitute, impecunious, impoverished, necessitous, penurious

indispensability n. 不可缺少(absolutely necessary)
(类)indigent·wealth=redundant·indispensability 贫乏的·富裕=多余的·不可缺少
(反)indispensable ◆ trivial 不可缺少的 ◆ 微不足道的
(记)in(不)+dispensability(不必要)→并非不必要→不可缺少

indisposed [ ] adj.身体不舒服的(mildly ill)不愿的,不喜欢的(averse; disinclined)
(例)He was clearly indisposed to grant their request. 他明显不想答应他们的要求
(记)disposed adj 愿意的;甘愿的;dispose布置,处理

indoctrinate [] v. 灌输思想(to instruct especially in fundamentals)
(类)stickler·exacting=pedagogue·indoctrinate 吹毛求疵者·苛求的=教育者·灌输
(记)in+doctrine(教条)+ate用教条去灌输

indolent [] adj. 懒惰的(averse to activity)
(类)indolent·shirk=miserly·hoard 懒惰的·逃避=吝啬的·密藏 (正面特征)
rectitude·transgress=keen·obtuse{ impeccable·flaw=indolent·stir}
正直·违法=锋利·钝的{无瑕的·缺点=懒惰·激动}{事物及其反义}
(同)lazy, faineant, slothful, slowgoing

inducement [] n.诱导,引诱(the act or process of inducing)
(反)inducement ◆ deterrent 引诱 ◆ 制止
(记)induce 诱导,引起

indulgent [] adj. 纵容的(lenient:);自我放纵的
(类)abs temious·indulge=【austere·decorate】(干扰:简朴的·修饰)
参考:timeworn·novelty=convolution·simplicity(干扰:aust ere·decorate)
indulge·ascetic=restrain·libertine 自我放纵·苦行的=抑制·放荡的
glutton·overindulgence=ascetic·self denial 暴食者·放纵=禁欲者·自我约束
(反)indulgent ◆ ascetic 放纵的 ◆ 苦行的
martinet ◆ indulgent person 严守纪律者 ◆ 放纵的人
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42 蓝宝GRE笔考词汇突破核心词汇 蓝宝GRE笔考词汇突破核心词汇
42
draconian ◆ indulgent mild 苛刻的 ◆ 纵容的 温和的
【注】放纵有两层意思:自我放纵和放纵别人。Indulgent包含这两层意思。
(同)forbearing, charitable, clement, lenient, merciful

indurate [] vt. 使坚固(to make hard ;concrete,solidify)
(反)indurate ◆ soften 使坚固 ◆ 使软化
(记)参考:endure坚持duration持续时间

industriousness [  ] adj. 勤勉的, 刻苦的(constantly, regularly, or habitually
occupied)
(类)industriousness·activity=fas tidiousness·selectivity 勤勉的·活动=严格·选择

ineffable [] adj.不能说的,不应说出的(incapable of being expressed in words)
(类)ineffable·description=irradicable·o bliterate 不能说的·描述=不能根除的·删除
(记)in(不)+effable(可以说的)参考:fable寓言

ineluctable [] adj.无法逃避的(not to be avoided,resisted)
(类)ineluctable·chance=serendipitous·effort
无法逃避的·偶然=善于挖宝(有发掘天赋的)·努力(事物及其反面特点)
ineluctable·avoid=irrevocable·repeal 不可避免的·避免=不可撤回的·撤回
impervious·penetrate=ineluctable·avoid =untenable·defend
密封的无法穿透=无法逃避的无法逃避=无法防卫的无法防卫
【注】untenable:being such that defense or maintenance is impossible
(同)incommunicable, indefinable

inept [] adj. 不适当的;无能的,笨拙的(generally incompetent)
(类)inept ◆ judicious proficient masterful愚笨的 ◆ 明智的 精通的 技术精湛的
finesse ◆ ineptitude 灵巧 ◆ 愚笨
(记)in(不)+ept(熟练的) 参考:eptitude能力
(同)awkward, gauche, lumbering, maladroit

inert [] adj. 惰性的,行动迟钝的(deficient in active properties)
(类)inertia·react=persistenc e·vacillate惯性·反应=坚持·犹豫 (反面特征)
ephemeral·endure=inert·react {ineffectual·proceed}
生命短暂的(事物)难以持久=惰性的(事物)难以反应
(反)inert ◆ active dynamic 惰性的 ◆ 充满活力
inertia ◆ activity tendency to change motion 惯性 ◆ 活力 改变方向的趋势
reactant ◆ inert material 反应物 ◆ 惰性物质
(记)inertia(物理中的惯性)
(同)inactive, idle, passive, quiet

inevitable [] adj. 不可避免的,必然的(incapable of being avoided or evaded)
(类)inevitable·chance=absolute·variability 必然的·偶然性=绝对的·可变性(反面)
impervious·penetrate=inetable·avoid =untenable·defend
密封的无法穿透=无法逃避的无法逃避=无法防卫的无法防卫
(记)in(不)+evitable(逃避)不可逃避的
(同) ineluctable, ineludible, inescapable, inevasible

inexorable [] adj. 无情的,无法说服的(not to be persuaded by entreaty)
(类)inexorable·dissuasion=indomitable·conquest 无法说服的·说服=无法征服的·征服
(反)inexorable ◆ relenting 无情的 ◆ 怜惜的
(记)ora(口,说)exorable可说服的 参考:oration演说
(同) adamant, obdurate, relentless, rigid, unyielding

infamy [] n. 声名狼藉(evil reputation)
(反)infamy ◆ good repute 声名狼藉 ◆ 好名声
(记)in(不好)+fame(名声)→不好的名声→声名狼藉 参考:famous著名的
(同)disesteem, disrepute, ignominy, obloquy, odium

infatuate [] vt. 使迷恋,使糊涂(to cause to be foolish)
(类)sabbatical·leave=flattering·infatuation
周期性休息的·休假=讨人喜欢的·令人痴迷之物(后者的正面特征是前者)
(反)odium ◆ infatuation憎恨 ◆ 迷恋
(记)in(使)+fatu(糊涂)ate人常说爱情使一个人糊涂 参考:fatuous愚昧的,糊涂的
(同)besotted, dotty, enamored

inferior [  ] adj. 低等的,下级的(lower);质次的,较差的
inferno [] n.火海,地狱般的场所(a place that resembles or suggests hell)
(类)fire·inferno=storm·hurricane 火·火海=暴风·飓风(程度)
(记) infer(低下)→低下的地方→地狱 参考:inferior下等的,次级的
(同)hell, blazes, netherworld, perdition

infiltrate [] v. 渗透;秘密潜入(to passsurreptitiously into enemy-held territory)
(类)infiltrate·enter =conspire·plan=insinuate·say=stalk·follow
秘密潜入·进入=阴谋·计划=含沙射影的说·说=暗中追踪·跟随(秘密·正常)
(记)filtr(滤器) 参考:filtrate渗透 filter 过滤,渗透;过滤器

infinite [] adj. 无穷的(immeasurably or inconceivably great or extensive)
(类)infinite·end =unique·precedent 无穷的没有结束=独一无二的没有前例
infinite·exhaust=discrete·overlap 无穷的无法用尽=离散的无法重叠
infinity ◆ bounded space 无限 ◆ 有限空间
(记)in+fini(限制)→无限制的→无穷的 参考:infinity无限时空infinitesimal无穷小的

infirm [] adj. 虚弱的(of poor or deteriorated vitality)
(反)hale ◆ infirm 强壮的 ◆ 柔弱的
(记)in(不)+firm(结实的,强壮的)→不强壮的→虚弱的
(同)weak, decrepit, feeble, flimsy, fragile

inflame [] v. 使燃烧,激怒(某人)(to excite to uncontrollable action or feeling)
(反)inflame ◆ assuage subdue 激怒 ◆ 缓和 减弱

(记)in(进入)+flame(燃烧)
(同)aggravate, provoke, rile, roil

infelicitous [] adj. 不幸的;不适当的(not appropriate in application)
(反)infelicity ◆ appropriateness 不合适 ◆ 合适
happy ◆ infelicitous 幸福的 ◆ 不幸的
(记)in+felicitous(幸福的)
(同)wkward, graceless, inept, unfortunate
(例)made a very infelicitous remark

influx [] n. 涌入(a coming in)
(反)exodus ◆ influx 大批的离去 ◆ 涌入
(同)inflow, influxion, inpour, inpouring, inrush

informed adj. 见多识广的,消息灵通的(based on possession of information)
infuse [] vt. 灌输,使„充满,鼓舞
(类)inspire·infuse=obliterate·remove 鼓舞·鼓舞=删除·除去(同义)
(反)infuse ◆ drain awayextract 注入 ◆ 排空 榨出,提取
(记)in+fuse(流)流进去→灌输

infuriate [] vt. 激怒(to make furious; enrage)
(类)infuriate·rage=commend·esteem 激怒引起愤怒=赞美引起尊重(行为及其影响)
infuriate·rage=nonplus·perplexity 激怒使人大怒=使困惑使人困惑(行为及其影响)
(干扰:scrounge·possession乞讨,搜寻·占有(目的关系))
(同)enrage, incense, umbrage
(记)in(使)+furi(=fury愤怒)→使愤怒→激怒

ingenuity [] n.机灵, 独创性(inventive skill or imagination)
(反)lack of inventiveness

ingenious [] adj. 聪明的,有独创性的(marked by originality, resourcefulness, and
cleverness in conception or execution)
(类)ingenious ◆ awkward 机灵的 ◆ 笨拙的
ingenious ◆ prosaic 有独创性的 ◆ 平凡的
(同)adroit, canny, cunning, dexterous

ingenuous [] adj.直率的,单纯的(showing innocent simplicity and candidness)
(类)ingenuo us·dissemble=raffish·preen=polite·snub
直率的·掩饰=粗俗的·打扮=礼貌的·怠慢(事物及其反面特征)
fabricate·ingenuous =discompose·placid 捏造·直率的=使不安·平息的(反
面特征)
ingratiating·win favor=disingenuous·deceive 逢迎的·使喜欢=虚伪的·欺骗
(目的)
pernicious·injure=disingenuous·mislead 有害的·伤害=虚伪的·欺骗(正面
特征)
ingenue·sophistication =cynic·trustfulness阅历不深者·老练=悲愤嫉俗者·信
赖(反特)
(反)ingenuous ◆ cunning sly hypocritical 直率的 ◆ 狡猾的 狡猾的 伪善的
disingenuousness ◆ guilelessness 无诚意 ◆ 坦诚
(记)ingenious和ingenuous 区别在中间的 i和 u 联想:i 聪明,you 单纯
(同)naturalL,artless,naive, unaffected, unsophisticated

ingest [] vt. 摄取,咽下,吸收(to take in for or as if for digestion)
(反)ingest ◆ expel 摄取 ◆ 排出

ingrained [] adj. 根深蒂固的(to work indelibly into the natural texture)
(反)ingrained ◆ easily to change extrinsic 根深蒂固的 ◆ 易于改变外表的
(记)in+grain(木头的纹理)+ed入木三分- 根深蒂固的
(同)congenital, constitutional, inbred, indwelling, innate

ingrate [] n. 忘恩负义者(an ungrateful person)adj. 不知恩的,忘恩的
(反)ingrate ◆ thankful person 忘恩负义者 ◆ 感恩的人
(记)in(不)+ grate感激→不感激的→忘恩负义 参考:grateful感激的,感谢的

ingratiating [] adj. 讨人喜欢的(agreeable)逢迎的,讨人欢心的
(类)ingratiating·win favor=disingenuous·deceive 迷人的·赢得喜欢=虚伪的·欺骗(正面
特征)
(记)in+grati(感激)+ate使 (观众等)感激;联想:讨人喜欢的作品或演员让读者和观众感
激。
(同)deferential, ingratiatory, insinuating
(例)Reading requires an effort„Print is not as ingratiating as television
阅读是要费劲的„印刷品终究不如电视那么讨人喜欢

inhale v. 吸气(to breathe in;inspire)
(记)hale 呼吸 参考:exhale 呼气
inherent [] adj. 固有的, 内在的(belonging by nature or habit)
(反)extrinsic ◆ inherent 外在的 ◆ 内在的
(同)congenital, essential, inborn, ingrained, innate, intrinsic

inimical [] adj.敌意的(having the disposition of an enemy)
(反)inimical ◆ friendlyamiableamicableamenable 敌意的 ◆ 友好的亲切的友善的服
从的
(记)inimi(=enemy敌人)+cal →敌意的
(同)hostile, inimicable, unfriendly

inimitable [] adj. 无法模仿的,独特的(not capable of being imitated)
(类)indubitable·question=inimitable·copy 不容置疑的·怀疑=无法模仿的·模仿
(反)inimitable ◆ commonplaceordinary 独特的 ◆ 平凡的
(记)in(不能)+imitable(模仿的)

iniquity [] n. 邪恶,不公正(gross injustice ;evil)
(反)iniquity ◆ rectitudedisinterestedness 不公正 ◆ 公正

initiate [] vt. 开始,发动,传授(to cause or facilitate the beginning of)
(类)catalysis·initiate=supervisor·oversight 催化剂·发动=管理者·小心照顾
eccentric·conventional=doyen·initiated 行为古怪者·常规的=老前辈·刚入门的(反面
特征)
(反)initiate ◆ follow up 开始 ◆ 跟随
inveterate ◆ uninitiated 熟练的 ◆ 无经验的

inkling [] n. 略知,模糊概念(a slight knowledge or vague notion)
(类)inkling·indication=lapse·error 略知·知识=小错误·错误 (少与正常)
inkling·knowledge=modicum·quantity 略知·知识=小量·量 (少与正常)

innocuous [] adj.(行为,言论等)无害的(not likely to give offense)
( 类)placebo·innocuous=salve·unctuous=venom·toxious
安慰剂·无害的=油膏·油质的=毒液·有毒的(正面特征)
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(反)innocuous ◆ injuriousnoxious 无害的 ◆ 有害的
(记)in(没有)+nocuous(有毒的)参考:noxious有害的

innovation [] n. 改革,创新(the introduction of something new)
(类)contumaciou· authority=reactionary·innovation 顽固的反对权威=反动的反对革新
(同)change, mutation, novelty, permutation

inquisitive [] adj. 过分好奇的(improperly curious about the affairs of others)
(类)inquisitive·curious=painful·agonizing
好奇的·过分好奇的=疼痛的·疼痛难忍的(程度)

insensate adj. 1. 无感觉的,无生气的(lacking sensation)2. 无知觉的(unconscious)
3. 缺乏感情的(lacking sensibility)4. 缺乏理性的(lacking sense)5.愚蠢的
(记)由这个词可体会sense的派生词不同的用法。这些词词义互相重叠又有差异,
关键是要结合他们的考法来记,如下面的insensible,8个词义仅考到其中一个。

Insensible adj. 无知觉的,麻木的(devoid of physical sensation or the power to react, as to pain
or cold;numb)
(类)numb·insensible=burnish·lustrous 使麻木是使无知觉的=磨光是使有光泽的(使动)
bribe·incorruptible=affectrouse·insensible 贿赂·清廉的=影响 激起·麻木的(难
以)

insensitive [ ] adj. 不懂事的(lacking feeling or tact);麻木的(numb)
(类)obstinate·persevre=tactless insensitive·offend
固执的·坚持=不老练的不懂事的·冒犯(个性及其结果)
insensitive·boor=mischievous·imp 不懂事的·粗人=调皮的·顽童(正面特征)
(反)insensitive ◆ tender 麻木的 ◆ 敏感的,过敏的(sensitive)

insentient adj. 无感觉的或知觉的(devoid of sensation or consciousness)
(反)insentient ◆ perceiving 无知觉的 ◆ 有知觉的

insider n. 内部人员 知情者,了解内幕的人
insight [] n. 洞察力(the capacity to discern the true nature of a situation;penetration)
(类)insight· discern=mettle· endure 洞察力·洞悉=毅力·忍耐 (正面特征)
【注】mettle :staying quality :stamina毅力,持久力(还有勇气的意思)
insight· discerning=deadpan·impassive 洞察力·洞悉=无表情·消极(正面特征)

insinuate vt. 暗示,使潜入
(例)insinuate oneself into the crowd 逐渐地挤进人群
(记)sinu弯曲→曲折进入→潜入 参考:sinuous adj. 蜿蜒的, 错综复杂的

insipid [] adj. 平淡的(lacking in qualities that interest, stimulate);难吃的
(类)insipid·invention=prosaic·imagination 平淡的·创造=平淡的·想象力(缺乏关系)
(反)insipid ◆ piquant 难吃的 ◆ 开胃的
(记)in+sip(吸吮)+id →没法吸(吃)的→平淡,难吃的
(同)vapid, flat, jejune, banal, inane ,arid, tedious, uninteresting
(例)an insipid romance with platitudes on every page

insolent [] adj. 粗野的,无礼的(exhibiting boldness or effrontery)
(反)insolent ◆ politecourteous 无礼的 ◆ 有礼貌的
insolent ◆ respectful 粗野的 ◆ 恭敬的,有礼貌的
(例)an insolent child with no respect or regard for anyone

insouciant [] adj. 无忧无虑的(lighthearted unconcern)
(类)tenacious·yield=insouciant·worry 不屈不挠的·屈服=无忧无虑的·担忧
(同)carefree, lighthearted, lightsome
(记)in+souci(= solicit恳求)+ant→万事不求人→无忧无虑的

inspired a.吸入的;得到灵感的,有灵感的;被人授意的,被鼓动的
(例)inspired poem有感而作的诗;inspired views体现别人意志的意见

instate [] vt. 任命(to set or establish in a rank or office)
(反)instate ◆ oust 任命 ◆ 剥夺
(记)in(进入)+state(政府)进入政府任职→任命
(同)inaugurate, induct, install, invest

instigate [] vt. 教唆,怂恿,煽动(to goad or urge forward)
(类)instigator·incite=bully·browbeat 煽动者· 煽动=欺凌弱小者·欺凌(人物及其动作)
(反)quell ◆ foment instigate rouse 镇压 ◆ 煽动 教唆 煽动
(同)abet, foment, provoke

instill [] v. 滴注,慢慢地灌输(to impart gradually)
(反)instill ◆ drain away 慢慢地灌输 ◆ 渐渐枯竭
instill ◆ remove 慢慢地灌输 ◆ 移开
(记)in(进入)+still=(drop 滴)→一滴一滴的进入 参考:distill 蒸馏
(同)inculcate, infix, inseminate

instinct [ ] n. 本能,天性直觉(a natural aptitude, impulse, or capacity)
institute [] n. 学院 vt. 创立,开始,制定(to originate and get established)
(反)institute ◆ abrogate rescind efface 创立 ◆ 废除
(记)最著名的是MIT(Massachusetts Institute of Technology)
(同)constitute, create, establish, organize

instrumentalist [] n. 乐器演奏家
(类)instrumentalist·orchestra=actor·troupe 乐器演奏家·管弦乐队=演员·剧团
instrumentalist·symphony=dancer·ballet 乐器演奏家·交响乐=舞蹈家·芭蕾舞
(记)instrumenta+list

insubordinate [] adj.不服从的,反抗的(disobedient to authority)
(类)insu bordinate·submissive=capricious·deliberate不顺从的·顺从的 =易冲动的·深思熟
虑的
【注】capricious:characterized by or subject to whim;impulsive and unpredictable
(反)tractable ◆ insubordinate intransigent incorrigible obstinate
易于管教的 ◆ 反抗的 不妥协的 顽固的 倔强的
(同)contumacious, insurgent, rebellious, seditious
(记)in(不)+subordinate(服从)不服从的→反抗的

insular [] adj. 岛的,孤立的,岛特有的
(反)insular ◆ cosmopolitan 孤立的 ◆ 世界性的
insularity ◆ cosmopolitanism 岛国性质 ◆ 世界大同主义
(同)parochial, provincial, sectarian

insulate [] v. 使绝缘,使隔离(to place in a detached situation)
(反)insulate ◆ expose 使隔离 ◆ 暴露
(记)insul(词根:岛)+ate 使成为岛,隔离
(同)isolate, island, separate, sequester

insurgent [] adj. 叛乱的,起事的n. 叛乱分子
(类)rebelliousness·insurgent=parsimony·miser 叛乱的·叛乱分子=吝啬·吝啬鬼(正面)
(记)in(加强)+surge(=rise升起)→叛乱 参考:insurrection n. 造反;surgent 汹涌的

intangible [] adj. 难以明了的,无形的(incapable of being perceived by the senses)
(类)impracticable·effe cted=intangible·known不可行的·有效的=难以明了的·知道的 (反
义)
(反)corporeal ◆ intangible 有形的 ◆ 无形的
(记)in(不能)+tangible(触摸的)不可触摸的引申为无形的,难以明了的
(同)impalpable, imponderable, inappreciable, indiscernible, invisible

integral [] adj. 完整的,应有的(essential to completeness)
(反)integral ◆ superfluous redundant 完整的 ◆ 多余的
(记)动词形式是integrate数学上这是积分的意思;参考:integrating 结合的,完整的,整
合的
(同)whole, complete, entire, full, perfect

integrity [] n. 正直,诚实,完整(the quality or state of being complete or undivided)
(类)entire·integrity =ecumenical·generality=genuine·authenticity
完整的·完整=一般的·一般性=真实的·真实性(形名同义)
(反)taint ◆ integrity wholesomeness 污点 ◆ 正直健康
integrity ◆ incompleteness 完整 ◆ 不完全
(记)和integrate(使成为整体)
(同)honesty, honestness, honor, incorruption

intellectual [ ] adj. 知识的,智力的,理智的(rational)n. 知识分子

intelligible [] adj. 可理解的,易理解的(capable of being understood)
(类)garble·unintelligible=correct·accurate 正确·精确=混淆·难解的(正面特征)
(记)注意和intelligent(聪明的)区别
(同)apprehensible, comprehendible, graspable, lucid, luminous

intemperate [] adj. 无节制的,放纵的(not temperate especially)
(反)intemperate ◆ equable constrained 放纵的 ◆ 平静的 受约束的
(记)in(无)+temperate(有节制的)
(同)excessive, inordinate, unrestrained, untempered

intensify [] vi. 加强(to make intense or more intensive)
(类)abate·intensity=taper·width 减轻·强度=逐渐变细·宽度(减轻关系)
alleviate·intensity=abate·tax 减轻·强度=降低·税 (动宾)
moderate·intensity=extenuate·seriousness 缓和·强度=减轻·严重性(动
宾)
(反)intensify ◆ abate assuage attenuate 加强 ◆ 减轻 减缓 削弱
(同)aggravate, enhance, intensate, magnify, rise

inter [] vt. 埋葬(to deposit(a dead body)in the earth or in a tomb)
(类)inter·burial=obliterate·removal 埋葬·葬礼=擦去·移动(事件及其关联动作)
(记)意大利绿荫豪门国际米兰

intercede [] vi. 仲裁,调解(to intervene between parties to reconciling differences)
(类)intercessor·mediate=translator·interpret augur·prediction
仲裁者·调解=翻译·解释 占卜者·预言(人物及其本征动作)
(记)inter(中间)+cede(放弃)在中间让双方放 弃各自立场,调解intercessor调解人
(同)interfere, intermediate, intervene, mediate

interdict [] v. 阻断,禁止(to forbid in a usually formal or authoritative manner)
(反)interdict ◆ authorize 禁止 ◆ 批准
(记)inter(在中间)+dict(说)

interim [] n. 中间时期,过渡时期,暂定(an intervening time)adj. 暂时的
(类)respite·labor=interim·concert {mediate·confliction} 间歇·劳动=中间间隔·音乐

(反)interim ◆ permanent 暂时的 ◆ 永恒
(同)forbid, enjoin, inhibit, prohibit

interlock [] adj. 联锁的(to become locked together or interconnected)
(反)interlocking ◆ independent 联锁的 ◆ 独立
(记)inter+lock(锁)

interminable [] adj. 无尽头的(having or seeming to have no end)
(类)innumerable·number=interminable·duration
无尽的·数目·无限的·持续时间 (形容词修饰名词)
interminable·lengthy =boundless·extensive 无限的·冗长的=无限的·宽广的
(程度)
countless innumerable myriad untold·number=everlasting
interminable·duration
无尽的 无数的 无数的 无法说出的·数量=永恒 无尽的·持续时间 (事物的反
面特征)
(记)in(无)+terminable(可终止的)不可终止的-无尽头的

intermittent [] adj. 断断续续的,间歇的(coming and going at intervals)
(反)intermittent ◆ constant 间歇的 ◆ 持续的
(记)和interminable(无尽的)一起记忆
(同)isochronal, periodic, recurrent
(例)they predict intermittent rain throughout the day

interregnum [] n. 过渡期政府或统治(a period during which the normal
functions of
government or control are suspended)
(类)in terregnum·government=hibernation·activity过渡期政府没有政府 =冬眠停止活动
(记)inter+reg(统治)在统治之间,过度政府。参考:reign统治
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interrogate [] vt. 质问,讯问,审问(to question formally and systematically)
(类)question·interrogative=order·imperative 提问·质问=命令·强制的命令(程度)
(记)inter(在内部)+rog(问)+ate在内部问-审讯,质问

intimate [] adj. 亲密的 n. 密友(a friend or confidant)
(类)clique·intimates=flock·sheep 朋党集团·密友=一群·羊(组成关系)
intimate·close= engrossed·absorbed =obsessed·attracted
亲密的:紧密的=全神贯注的:入神的=着迷的:吸引的(程度)
(同)friend, acquaintance, confidant, familiar

intimate 2 [] vt. 宣布,明白表示(to make known especially publicly or formally)
(类)intimate·communicate=allude·refer 宣布·通信=暗指·提及(行为及其特
殊方式)
(同)connote, hint, imply, insinuate

intimidate [] vt. 威胁,胁迫(to make timid or fearful)
(类)dauntless·intimidate=irrepressible·restrain 无畏的难以胁迫=无法抑制的难以抑制
bully·intimidate=stupid·gullibility 欺凌弱小者威吓别人=笨人轻信别人
sabotage·subvertness=bull·intimidation 阴谋破坏目的是颠覆=暴力强迫目的是胁迫
cowardice·intimidate=choler·antagonize 懦弱者容易被胁迫=易怒者容易招致敌对
(同)browbeat, bully, cow, hector, terrorize
(例)intimidated by so many other bright freshmen 被这么多聪明的年轻人所威胁
(记)timid 本身是一个词;胆小的,羞怯的

intoxicant [  ] v. 使醉的东西(an agent that intoxicates, especially an alcoholic
beverage)
(类)anesthetic·numbn ess=intoxicant·drunkenness麻醉剂让人麻木=使醉的东西让人醉
(记)tox毒;喝醉是酒精中毒的表现。参考:intoxicate使喝醉,使陶醉

intransigent [] adj.不妥协的,固执的(refusing to compromise or to abandon an
extreme position or attitude;irreconcilable)
(类)intransigent·acquiesce=deferential·offend 不妥协的不会勉强同意=恭敬的不会冒犯
(反)intransigent ◆ open to compromise 固执的 ◆ 妥协的
intransigent ◆ plianttractable 固执的 ◆ 柔顺的容易驾驭的
(同)obstinate, incompliant, intractable, pertinacious, tough, stubborn, willful, unpliable,
unyielding

intrepid [] adj. 无畏的,刚毅的(characterized by resolute fearlessness, fortitude, and
endurance)
(类)genteel·vulgarity=intrepid·fear 优雅的·粗俗=无畏的·害怕 (反义)
intrepid·deter=rapt·distract 无畏难以威慑=全神贯注难以分心
(反)intrepid ◆ apprehensive 无畏的 ◆ 忧惧的
(记)trep (害怕)参考:trepidation 害怕,颤抖

intrigue [] vt. 激起„的兴趣, 用诡计取得 (to arouse the interest, desire, or curiosity of)
(类)interesting·intriguing=bootless·futile 有趣的·有趣的=无用的·无用的(同义)
(反)pall ◆ interestintrigue 厌倦 ◆ 兴趣
(记)trigue=trigger (扳机,引起)引申为“引起兴趣”。

intrinsic [] adj. 固有的,内在的(the essential nature or constitution of a thing)
(反)intrinsic ◆ extraneous 内在的 ◆ 无关的

intuitive [] n. 直觉的(known or perceived by intuition · directly apprehended)
(反)extraneous ◆ intuitive 外来的 ◆ 直觉的
【注:直觉的认知由自身得来,而外来的认知由外部得来 extraneous:inessential or
unrelated to the topic or matter at hand;existing on or coming from the outside】
(例) had an intuitive awareness of his sister's feelings

inundate [] v. 淹没(to cover with a flood:overflow;overwhelm)
(反)inundate ◆ drain 淹没 ◆ 排干
(同)deluge, engulf, overflow, overwhelm, submerge, swamp, whelm
(记)unda(=wave波浪)→在波浪之中→淹没 参考:undulate v. 波动,起伏

inure [] vt. 使习惯(to accustom to accept something undesirable)
(类)inured·tolerance=addicted·dependency
习惯的·耐性=上瘾的·依赖性(前者有后者特征)
(同)accustom, familiarize, habituate, wont

invective [] n. 谩骂(insulting or abusive language)adj. 谩骂的
(类)exhortation·motivate=invective·discredit 劝告·促进=谩骂·使丢脸(目的)
polemic·disputatious=invective·abusive 争论的·争论的=谩骂的·谩骂的(同义)
(反)invective ◆ flatter 谩骂 ◆ 奉承
invective ◆ laudatory speech laudatory words 谩骂 ◆ 赞美之词
(同)abusive, contumelious, opprobrious, scurrile

inveigh [] vi. 痛骂,漫骂,臭骂(to protest or complain bitterly or vehemently:rail)
(反)inveigh ◆ verbally provide support 漫骂 ◆ 口头支持
(同)inveigh against =object, except, expostulate, kick, protest, remonstrate

inveigle [] v. 诱骗,诱使 (to win over by wiles:entice;to acquire by ingenuity or flattery)
(类)plot·plan=inveigle·interest 密谋·谋划=诱骗·使感兴趣(不正当·正常)
(反)inveigle ◆ request directly 诱骗 ◆ 直接要求
inveigle ◆ openly seek to persuade 诱骗 ◆ 公开劝说
(同)lure, allure, bait, decoy, entice, entrap, lead on, seduce, tempt, toll
list 19 inventory-------lethal
inventory [] n. 存货清单(an itemized list of current assets)
(类)census·population=inventory·stock 人口普查·人口数=存货清单·库存
inventory·merchandise=manifest·cargo 存货清单·存货=运货单·货物

inveterate [] adj. 根深的,成癖的,积习的(firmly established by long persistence)
(反)inveterate ◆ uninitiated 根深蒂固的 ◆ 无经验的
inveterate ◆ one-time 根深蒂固的 ◆ 一次,偶尔的(干扰:casual偶然的,不经意
的)
(同)confirmed, entrenched,irradicable,settled, sworn

invidious [] adj. 容易引起不满的,招人嫉妒的(tending to cause discontent,animosity,or
envy)
(反)invidious ◆ beneficial 容易引起不满的 ◆ 有益个人或社会的
【注:beneficial :conducive to personal or social well-being】
(同)calumnious, defamatory, detracting
(例)the invidious task of arbitration 这个容易引起不满的裁决

invigorate [] v. 使有活力,激励 (to give life and energy to·animate; also:stimulate)
(类)tonic·invigorate=analgesic·deaden 补品·使健壮=止痛剂·使麻木(正面特征)
(反)debilitate ◆ invigorate 使衰弱 ◆ 使健壮
demoralize ◆ invigorate 士气受挫 ◆ 鼓舞
emaciate ◆ invigorate 使憔悴 ◆ 使生气勃勃
sap ◆ invigorate 使衰竭 ◆ 使生气勃勃

invincible [] adj. 不能征服的,无敌的(incapable of being overcome or defeated;
unconquerable)
(类)invincible·conquer=negligible·perceive 不能征服的不易被征服=可以忽略的不易被察

invincible·subdue=impervious·damage 不能征服的·征服=不会受到损伤的·损坏
(同)impregnable, inconquerable, indomitable, invulnerable, unassailable, undefeatable
(例)the team proved to be invincible 这个团队被证明是无法战胜的

inviting adj. 吸引人的
invoke [] vt. 恳求,调用(程序等),实施(to put into effect or operation:implement)
(反)invoke ◆ suspend 实施 ◆ 暂停

irascible [] adj. 易发怒的(marked by hot temper and easily provoked anger)
(类)irascible·placate=insensate·conscious 易怒的难以安抚=没感觉难以察觉
(反)affable ◆ irascible 和蔼的 ◆ 易怒的
(同)choleric, cranky, hot-tempered, ireful, passionate, peppery, temperish, testy, touchy
(例)an irascible fellow and hard to get along with

irate [] adj. 发怒的,生气的(arising from anger)
(类)gush·effusive=rage·irate 喷涌·流出的=暴怒·愤怒的(形动同义)
(同) angry, choleric, ireful, mad, wrathful
(记)i(谐音“挨”)+rate(责骂)→挨责骂 联想:挨责骂时当然是发怒的 参考:berate责骂

iridescence [] n. 彩虹色(a lustrous rainbowlike play of color)
(反)iridescent ◆ monochromatic 彩色 ◆ 单色

irk [] v.使苦恼,厌烦(to make weary, irritated, or bored)
(类)irk·enrage=suggest·urge 使苦恼·激怒=建议·力劝(目的)
pest·irksome=expert·proficient 让人讨厌的人事·让人讨厌的=专家·精通的(正面
特征)
(反)irk ◆ make someone pleased 使不愉快 ◆ 使愉快
(同)annoy, abrade, bother, exercise, fret, gall, provoke, ruffle, vex
(记)谐音:饿渴。联想:又饿又渴,使人烦恼。

ironclad [] adj. 装铁甲的,无懈可击的(so firm or secure as to be unbreakable)
(类)ironclad·firm=jammed·full=brilliant·smart
装甲的·坚固=拥挤的·满的=才华横溢的·聪明的(程度)
(同)inflexible, constant, fixed, immovable, immutable, inalterable
(例)an ironclad case against the defendant 一项针对被告的无懈可击的诉讼

irradicable [] adj. 不能根除的, 根深蒂固的(impossible to eradicate:deep- rooted)
(类)ineffable·description=irradicable· obliterate 不能说的·描述=不能根除的·删除(抬杠
关系)
incorrigible·amend=irradicable·remove 无可救药的·改正=不能根除的·删除(抬杠
关系)
(同)inveterate, confirmed, deep-rooted, deep-seated, entrenched, hard-shell, settled

irreducible [] adj. (数)不可约的
(反)factorable ◆ irreducible 可约的 ◆ 不可约的

irrigate [ 5iri^eit ] vt.灌溉;冲洗(伤口)(to wash out (a body wound) with water or a medicated fluid)
(类)stoke·fuel=irrigate·water 添加燃料· 燃料= 灌溉·水 (利用)
galvanize·stimulate=irrigate·flush 刺激·刺激=冲洗·冲洗(同义)

irritate [] n. 刺激,烦恼,刺激物(to provoke impatience, anger, or displeasure in:annoy)
(类)antidote·poisoning=balm·irritation 解毒·毒=温和物质·刺激物 (名词反义)
haunt·familiar=harass·irritating 常去的地方是熟悉的=烦扰是烦人的
(反)balm ◆ irritant 温和的 ◆ 刺激的
salve ◆ irritant 药膏 ◆ 刺激物
(同)aggravate, exasperate, gall, grate, inflame, nettle, peeve, pique, provoke, rile, roil

issue [ ] v. 使流出;排出(to cause to flow out;emit)
(反)withdraw 收回,撤回(干扰:withhold抑制)
(同)give off, give out, release, throw off, vent

isthmus [] n.地峡 (a narrow strip of land connecting two larger land areas)
(类)isthmus·land=strait·water 地峡联结陆地=海峡联结水

itinerary [] n. 旅行日记,旅行指南(a travel diary;a traveler's guidebook)
(类)itinerary·trip=syllabus·course 旅行日记·旅行=课程提纲·课程(安排关系)
(记)itiner(词根:旅行)参考:itinerant巡回的

jabber [] v. 快而不清楚地说(to talk rapidly, indistinctly, or unintelligibly)
(反)jabber ◆ speak slowly 快而不清楚地说 ◆ 慢慢地说
(同)gibber, babble, chatter, gabble

jaded [] adj.疲惫的,过度的,厌倦的(fatigued by overwork:exhausted)
(类)overexposure·jaded=vaccination·immune
曝光过度·曝光过度的=疫苗接种·免疫的(前者造成后者)
(反)jaded ◆ keen 厌倦的 ◆ 热心的
(同)tired, fatigued, wearied, weary, worn

jape [] n. v. 嘲弄(to make mocking fun of)
(反)revere ◆ jape at 尊敬 ◆ 嘲笑
(记)谐音:雅皮。联想:雅皮很爱嘲笑别人俗气。

jargon [] n. 行话(specialized or technical language of a trade, profession, similar group)
(类)vernacular·place=jargon·profession 方言·地方=行话·行业
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(记)谐音:扎根。联想:扎根基层是所有行业的行话。

jarring [] adj. 刺耳的
(类)malodorous·smell=jarring·sound 恶臭的·气味=刺耳的·声音
(反)melodious ◆ jarring 音调优美的 ◆ 刺耳的
(同)harsh, grating, hoarse, rasping, raucous, rough, strident

jaundice [] vt. 使怀偏见(to affect with envy, jealousy, prejudice, or hostility)
(反)jaundice ◆ dispose favorably 使怀偏见 ◆ 好意的处理
jaundiced ◆ unprejudicedcandid 有偏见的 ◆ 公正的
【注:jaundiced :yellowed; prejudiced; envious 黄疸的;偏见的;嫉妒的】
(记)jaundice本意是黄疸。中国有红眼病,西方是黄眼病,所有引申为因嫉妒引发的偏见。

jaunt [  ] n. 远足, 短途旅游(to make a short journey)
(记)比较:haunt萦绕 taunt嘲弄daunt恐吓gaunt憔悴的

jaunty [] adj.愉快的,满足的(sprightly in manner or appearance:lively)
(反)staid ◆ jaunty 沉静的 ◆ 轻快的
(记)来自genteel adj. 上流社会的 联想:上流社会的人生活比较满足

jejune [·n] adj. 空洞的,不成熟的 (devoid of significance or interest:dull)
(类)labyrinthine·simplicity=jejune·interest 迷宫·简单的=内容空洞的·有趣的
(反)jejune ◆ thought provoking 内容空洞的 ◆ 促人思考的
(记)je 谐音:摘。June 六月。联想:六月摘的果子,当然是不成熟的。

jest [] n. v. 说笑,玩笑(an utterance intended to be taken as mockery or humor)
(类)jeer·derision=reprimand·censure 嘲笑·嘲笑=.申斥·责难(同义)
(反)jest ◆ solemnity 玩笑 ◆ 严肃
jest ◆ solemn utterance 玩笑 ◆ 严肃的话
(同)joke, crack, drollery, jape, quip, waggery

jeopardy [] n. 危险(exposure to or imminence of death, loss, or injury:danger)
(类)uninformative·fathom=jeopardy·overcome信息贫乏的难以彻 底了解=危险难以克服
(记)谐音:窄坡地。联想:又窄又有坡的地方当然危险。

jettison [] vt. 丢弃(to get rid of as superfluous or encumbering · discard)
(反)jettison ◆ retain 丢弃 ◆ 保留
(例)must be prepared to jettison many romantic notions 必须准备抛弃一些浪漫的想法。

jibe [] vi.一致(to be in accord:agree)嘲笑
(反)jibe ◆ conflict 一致 ◆ 冲突
(同)agree, accord, conform, correspond

jingoist [] n. 沙文主义者
(类)nepotism·kinship=jingoist·nationality 偏袒亲戚·亲戚=沙文主义者·国家
(反)dove ◆ warmonger jingoist 鸽派 ◆ 鹰派 沙文主义者
(记)jingo 谐音:靖国。联想:靖国神社是沙文主义的体现。

jitter [] vi. 神经过敏,战战兢兢(to be nervous or act in a nervous way)
(反)jittery ◆ resolute 战战兢兢 ◆ 坚定的

jocular [ ] adj. 诙谐的(given to jesting·habitually jolly or jocund; playful)
(反)jocular ◆ lachrymoseserious 诙谐的 ◆ 爱哭的严肃的
(同)witty, facetious, humorous, jocose

jocund [] adj. 快乐的,高兴的(suggestive of high spirits and lively mirthfulness)
(反)jocund ◆ dour dreary morose serious 欢乐的 ◆ 阴郁的 沉闷的 郁闷的 严
肃的
(同)merry, blithe, blithesome, festive, gay, gleeful

jog [] n. 慢跑(a movement, pace, or instance of jogging as for exercise)
(类)jog·exercise=barter·trade 慢跑·运动=以物易物·交易(种属)
(记)观察一下,词形象不象自行车。

jolt [] vi. 颠簸而行,震摇(to cause to move with a sudden jerky motion:shock, startle)
(类)jolt·move=check·stop 颠簸·运动=突然中断·停止(动作程度)

jot [] vt. 略记,摘要(to write briefly or hurriedly·set down in the form of a note)
(类)nip·eat=jot·write 小口吃·吃=略记·记下(前者是后者的小量)
(同)particle, bit, grain, iota, minim, modicum, speck, tittle, whit

jovial [] adj. 快活(markedly good-humored esp. as evidenced by jollity and
conviviality)
(反)jovial ◆ drab lachrymose lugubrious maudlin morose mournful saturnine
愉快的 ◆ 悲惨的 悲哀的 伤感的 郁闷的 哀伤的 忧郁的
joviality ◆ moroseness 快活 ◆ 郁闷
(同)merry, blithe, festive, gleeful, jocund, jolly, lighthearted, mirthful

jubilant [] adj. 喜悦的,喜洋洋的(exultant)
(反)dolorous ◆ jubilant 悲哀的 ◆ 喜悦的
(同)exultant, exulting, triumphant
(记)谐音“卓别林”联想:喜剧大师卓别林给人带来欢乐。

judicious [] adj. 明智的,慎重的(sound judgment·discreet)
(类)miser·stingy=sage·judicious 吝啬鬼·吝啬=贤人·明智的(正面特征)
(反)judicious ◆ daft unwise 明智的 ◆ 愚蠢的无智的
judicious ◆ imprudent 慎重的 ◆ 轻率的
politic ◆ injudicious 慎重的 ◆ 不慎重的
judiciousness ◆ indiscretion 慎重 ◆ 不慎重
(同)wise, judgmatic, prudent, sage, sane, sapient, sensible

juggernaut [] n. 势不可挡的力量(a massive inexorable force)
(类)juggernaut·unstoppable=enigma·impenetrable
势不可挡的力量是无法阻碍的=迷是难以理解的
juggernaut·stoppable=exacting·satisfied
不可挡的力量是难以可阻止的=苛求的是难以使满意的
siren·unresist=juggernaut·unstop 海妖的魅力无法抗拒=势不可挡的力量无法阻止
juggernaut·crush=charlat an·deceive=quisling·betray
势不可挡的力量·碾碎=江湖骗子·行骗=卖国贼·背叛(正面特征)

kangaroo [] n. 袋鼠
(类)kangaroo·marsupial=squirrel·rodent 袋鼠 ·有袋类动物=松鼠·啮齿类动物 (种属)

ken [] n. 视野范围(the range of vision)
(类)earshot·hear=ken·see 听力范围·听=视野范围·看
(记)谐音:看。

kidnap [] vt. 诱拐,绑架,勒赎(to seize and detain by unlawful force or fraud or carry away
and often with a demand for ransom)
(类)kidnap:detainment=extortion:retribution 绑架是强行拘留=勒索是强求回报
(记)kid 小孩 nap 小睡,疏忽 联想:趁小孩小睡疏忽的时候将他绑架。

kindle [] vt. 点燃 vi. 着火(to stir up·arouse)
(反)extinguish ◆ kindle rekindle 熄灭 ◆ 点燃重新点燃
(同)stir, arouse, awaken, bestir, challenge, rally, rouse, wake, waken, whet
(记)由candle (蜡烛)变化而来。

kindred [] adj. 同族的, 类似的(of a similar nature or character)
(反)kindred ◆ dissimilar 相似的 ◆ 不相似的
(记)kind本身就有种类的意思。

knack [] n. 诀窍 (a clever trick or stratagem)
(反)knack ◆ foolish 诀窍 ◆ 愚蠢
(记)与knock一起记。联想:敲脑袋让人开窍。

knave [] n. 流氓(a tricky deceitful fellow)
(类)sage·judgement=knave·deceive 贤哲·判断=流氓·行骗(正面特征)
(同)villian, miscreant, rascal
(记)记住这个词与扑克牌中的老K有关。联想:老K是个流氓无赖。

knead [] vt. 揉捏(to work and press into a mass with or as if with the hands)
(类)knead·malleable=penetrate·permeable 揉捏·可塑的=渗透·可渗透的
(记)谐音:泥的。联想:泥的当然可以揉捏了。

knit [] v. 编织(to form by interlacing yarn or thread in a series of connected loops with needles)
(类)knit·yarn=plait·hair 编织·纱线=编辫子·头发(用后者实现前者)
needle·knit=loom·weave 针·编织=织布机·纺织
(反)ravel ◆ knit 解开 ◆ 编织

knotty [] adj. 多节的,棘手的(intricate; difficult; tangled)
(反)knotty ◆ easy simple 棘手的 ◆ 容易的简单的
(同)complicated, elaborate, intricate, labyrinthine, sophisticated

kudos [] n. 名望, 荣誉, 声誉(award, honor; compliment, praise)
(反)kudos ◆ disparage 荣誉 ◆ 贬损
(同)accolade, badge, decoration, distinction, laurels
(例)to all three should go some kind of special kudo for refusing to succumb
(记)谐音:ku 酷。联想:很酷的DOS(微软最早的操作系统)为微软赢得了荣誉。

labile [] adj. 易变的,不稳定的(likely to change unstable)
(反)labile ◆ stable 不稳定的 ◆ 稳定的
(记)lab 实验室。联想:实验室里的元素性质是不稳定的。

labored [] adj. 表达困难的(lacking ease of expression)
(反)glib ◆ labored 口齿伶俐的 ◆ 表达困难的

labyrinth [] n. 迷宫,难解的事物,迷路(maze;something extremely complex or tortuous in
structure, arrangement, or character:intricacy, perplexity)
(类)labyrinthine·simplicity=jejune·interest 迷宫不简单=空洞的不有趣
ribald·seemly=labyrinthine·direct 下流的·适宜的=迷宫似的·直接的 (反义)
labyrinth·tortuous=ornament·decorative 迷宫·曲折的=装饰物·装饰的(正面特征)

lacerate [ ] v.割裂;使感情严重受伤害;使悲伤(to cause deep emotional pain to;
distress)
(反)mitigate减轻(痛苦等)(干扰:smooth使平静) 争议很大

lackluster [] n. 无光泽, 暗淡(lacking in sheen, brilliance, or vitality:dull, mediocre)
(反)lackluster ◆ radiant 无光泽 ◆ 发光的
(记)lack+luster缺乏光泽。

laconic [] adj.(用字)简洁的
(类)audacious·trepidation=laconic·volubility 大胆的·胆怯=简洁的·冗长(反义)
laconic·speech=austere·design 简洁的· 演说=简朴的·设计(形修饰名)
(反)laconic ◆ garrulous loquacious voluble verbose 简洁的 ◆ 饶舌的 多话的 冗长

laconism ◆ verbosity 简洁 ◆ 罗嗦
(同)concise, breviloquent, brief, compendiary

lachrymose [] adj. 爱哭的, 悲哀的(tearful; mournful)
(反)lacrimose ◆ gladness 悲哀的 ◆ 快乐的
(同)tearful, teary, weeping, weepy

lambaste [] vt. 痛打(to assault violently),严责(to attack verbally:censure)
(反)lambaste ◆ extol 严责 ◆ 表扬
(同)baste, hammer, paste, pelt, thrash
(记)lam(鞭打;谐音:栏→拦住就打)+ baste(在烤肉上涂油;狠揍)→痛打,严责
参考:baste=bake+toast roast 三烤合一

lament [] . 哀悼(mourn);悔恨,悲叹(to regret deeply; deplore)
(类)celebrate·lament=slight·show respect 庆祝·哀悼=轻视·尊敬(反义)

lamentable [] adj. 忧郁的,不快的(expressing grief)
(类)lamentable·pity=responsible·censure 令人惋惜的令人可惜=应责斥的应该责斥(正面
特征)
(同)melancholy, doleful, dolesome

laminate [  ] v. 分割成薄片(to divide into thin layers)压成薄片
(类)laminate·divide 分割成薄片·分开(前者动作的正面特征是后者)
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lampoon [·n] n.讽刺文章v.讽刺(a harsh satire usually directed against an individual)
legend [] n. 传奇,图例(an explanatory list of the symbols on a map or chart)
(类)glossary·text=legend·map 文本注释文字列表·文本=地图说明文字列表·地图
(类)panegyric·eulogize=lampoon·satirize 颂词·赞扬=讽刺文章·讽刺(正面特征)
satire·lampoon=diligence·effort 讽刺文表现为讽刺=努力表现为勤奋(正面特征)
(反)paean ◆ harshly lampoon 颂歌 ◆ 尖刻的讽刺

landfill [`] n. 垃圾堆(a system of trash and garbage disposal)
(类)cistern·liquids=landfill·refuse 蓄水池储存液体=垃圾堆储存垃圾

languid [] adj. 没精打采的,怠倦的(drooping from exhaustion:weak)
(类)desultory·plan=languid·energy 断断续续的缺乏计划=没精打采的缺乏精力
(反)languid ◆ energetic 懒散的 ◆ 有精力的
languid ◆ vehement vivacious 没精打采的 ◆ 激烈的快活的
(例)doing the job in a slow and languid manner
(记)谐音:懒鬼。联想:懒鬼总是没精打采的。

languish [] v.衰弱,变得消瘦(to be or become feeble, weak, or enervated)
(反)languish ◆ thrive 萧条,衰败 ◆ 欣欣向荣
(同)fail, decline, deteriorate, fade, flag, weaken

languor [] n. 衰弱无力(listless indolence or inertia)
(反)languor ◆ thriveness 衰弱 ◆ 兴旺
(同)lethargy, coma, dullness, lassitude, slumber, stupor, torpor
(记)谐音:懒哥。联想:懒哥衰弱无力。

lank [] adj. 瘦弱的,稀疏的(not well filled out:slender, thin)
(反)lank ◆ stalwart 瘦弱的 ◆ 强壮的
(记)比较:lark百灵鸟 联想:百灵鸟又小又弱。参考:lanky adj. 瘦长的

lapse [] n. 过失,小错(a slight error typically due to forgetfulness or inattention)
(类)lapse·error=misbehavior·criminality 小过错·错误=轻罪·犯罪(程度)
misdemeanor·crime=lapse·error 轻罪·罪行=小错·错误 (程度)

lapse 2 n. 时光流逝(elapse)失效(expire)
(例)Years had lapsed since we last met. 从我们上次相遇后,几年时间已经过去了
She allowed her membership to lapse after the first year. 她听任会员资格一年后失效

larder [] n. 食物贮藏室,食品橱(a place where food is stored:pantry)
(类)larder·food=wardrobe·clothes 食物柜储存食物=衣柜储存衣物
larder·provisions=vault·valuables 食物柜储存供应品=地窖储存贵重物品
larder·food··armory·munitions 食品橱:食物=军械库:军需品

largesse [] n.慷慨(generosity)
(反)largesse ◆ parsimony 慷慨 ◆ 小气
largesse ◆ penury 慷慨 ◆ 贫穷

lariat [] n.套索(a long light rope used with a running noose to catch livestock:lasso)
(类)lariat·wrangler=crook·shepherd 套索·牧马者=牧杖·牧羊者(职业及其工具)

lash [] v. 捆扎,绑紧(to bind with or as if with a line);鞭子
(反)lash ◆ unbind 捆住 ◆ 解开

lassitude [d] n.疲乏无力,没精打采(a condition of weariness or debility:fatigue)
(类)arrogance·defer=lassitude·stir 傲慢难以服从=疲乏难以激起
(反)lassitude ◆ vervevimanimation 倦怠 ◆ 活力活力精力
lassitude ◆ vitalityebullience 疲倦 ◆ 活力热情
lassitude ◆ a feeling of vigor 疲倦 ◆ 活力
lassitude ◆ effervesce 疲乏 ◆ 兴奋
(记)注意观察词的开头L+ass(驴) 联想:懒驴总是没精打采。

latent [] adj. 潜伏的,潜在的(present and capable of becoming though not now visible)
(类)latency·response=incubation·disease 潜伏过后发生反应=潜伏过后疾病发作
(反)latent ◆ menifest 潜在的 ◆ 明显的
(同)abeyant, dormant, lurking, potential, prepatent, quiescent

lathe [] n. 车床
(类)lathe·shape=clasp·fasten 车床用来成型·扣子用来扣紧

latitude [d] n. 行动或言论的自由(freedom from normal limitations, or regulations)
(反)latitude ◆ strict limitation 自由 ◆ 严格的限制
latitude ◆ constrained 自由 ◆ 被限制的

laudatory [] adj. 赞美的,赞赏的(expressing praise)
(类)counsel·advice=laud·homage 劝告是表达建议=赞美是表达敬意
(反)execrable ◆ commendable laudable 极坏的 ◆ 值得赞扬的
pejorative ◆ laudatory 贬低的 ◆ 赞美的
(同)eulogistic, encomiastic, laudative, panegyrical, praiseful

lavish [] adj. 浪费的,过度的(expended or produced in abundance)v.浪费
(反)lavish ◆ hoardstint 浪费 ◆ 储藏吝啬
impecunious ◆ lavishprosperous 贫穷的 ◆ 过分丰富的繁荣的
lavish ◆ austere economical mean parsimonious penurious
浪费的 ◆ 朴素的 节约的 吝啬的 吝啬的 吝啬的
(同)exuberant, lush, luxuriant, opulent, prodigal, profusive

leaven [] vt. 使发酵,影响(to raise as bread with a leaven)
(类)distill·purity=leaven·volume 蒸馏提高纯度=发酵扩张体积

leer [] vi. 斜视,一瞥(to cast a sidelong glance)
(类)stare·leer=peruse·smatter 凝视·斜视=精读·涉猎(反义)

leery [] adj. 可疑的,怀疑的;机警的(suspicious or distrustful;wary)
(反)leery ◆ showing no doubt 怀疑的 ◆ 毫不怀疑的
(记) 来自leer,怀疑的时候往往会斜着眼看

legacy [i] n.遗产(money or property bequeathed to another by will)
(类)legacy·predecessor=gift·donor 遗产来自先人=赠品来自捐赠者
legacy·predecessor=endowment·patron 遗产来自前辈=捐赠来自捐赠者

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(反)legendary ◆ obscure 传奇的,杰出的 ◆ 无名的,不杰出的
(记)联想集团的英文名。

legion [] n. 兵团;众多,大量(a very large number:multitude)
(反)legion ◆ lack in number 大量 ◆ 少量
(记)[来自]古罗马的一个兵团人数非常众多,有3000到6000人。

lenient [] adj. 不苛刻的(inclined not to be strict)仁慈的,宽厚的(merciful)
(类)martinet·leniency=dabbler·dedication 严格者缺乏宽厚态度=涉猎者缺乏投入精神
(同)gentle, balmy, bland, mild
(记)谐音:列宁。联想:列宁是多么的宽厚。

lethal [] adj. 致命的 (capable of causing death)
(类)disagreeable·hateful=harmful·lethal 令人不快的·可憎的=有害的·致命的(程度)
(同)deadly, fatal, mortal
(记)谐音:离骚。联想:屈原遭到致命的打击后写出《离骚》。
list 20 lethargic---------maudlin
lethargic [] adj. 昏睡的,没精打采的(being lazy, sluggish, or indifferent)
(类)antidote:poison=tonic:lethargy 中毒需要解毒药=缺乏精力需要补品
lethargic·stimulate=skeptical·convince 没精打采的·激励=好怀疑的·使信服
(反)lethargy ◆ vigor 缺乏精力 ◆ 精力
(同)coma, dullness, languor, lassitude,slumber, torpidity, torpor
(例)became lethargic after taking the drug
(记)leth=死,引申为死气沉沉,无精打采

levee [] n. 防洪堤(an embankment for preventing flooding)
(类)levee·river=cordon·crowd 防波堤防止河水涌入=警界线防止人群涌入
rampart·invasion=levee·flood 堡垒防止入侵=防洪堤防止洪水
padding·damage=levee·flooding 填塞物防止损伤=防洪堤防止洪水

levelheaded [] adj. 明智的,有判断力的 (having sound judgment:sensible)
(反)levelheaded ◆ foolish 明智的 ◆ 愚蠢的

levity [] n. 轻浮 多变(excessive or unseemly frivolity;lack of steadiness)
(反)levity ◆ gravity seriousness 轻浮 ◆ 严肃
(同) lightness, flightiness, flippancy, frivolity, volatility
(记)lev(上升)参考:levy 征税。 Levitate使浮于空中。

lexicographer [] n. 辞典编纂者(an author or editor of a dictionary)
(类)cartographer·map=weaver·clot h=lexicographer·dictionary
制图家·地图=织布者·布=编辞典者·辞典 (人及其工作成品)
(记)lex(词语)参考:lexicon 辞典。

liability [] n. 责任,债务(something for which one is liable; esp. pecuniary
obligation)
(类)exempt·liability=pardon·penalty 免除债务=宽恕罪过(消除关系)
(反)asset ◆ liability 资产 ◆ 负债
liability ◆ immunity 责任 ◆ 豁免权

liberalist [] n. 自由者(the quality or state of being liberal)
(反)liberalist ◆ enfetterist 自由者 ◆ 被束缚者

libertine [n] n. 放荡不羁者(a person who is unrestrained by convention or morality;
specifically:one leading a dissolute life)
(类)caviler·carping=libertine·licentious 吹毛求疵者·吹毛求疵的=放荡不羁者·放肆的
libertine·dissolute=sycophant·obsequious 放荡不羁者·放荡的=谄媚者·谄媚的
ludicrous·buffoon=dissolute· libertine=humorous·wag
滑稽的·小丑=放荡的·放荡者·幽默的·诙谐者
(反)libertine ◆ ascetic 放荡不羁者 ◆ 禁欲者

libretto [] n. 歌剧的歌词;剧本
(类)libretto·opera=lyrics·song 歌剧歌词·歌剧=歌词·歌曲

licentious [] adj. 放纵的,纵欲的(lacking legal or moral restraints)
(类)voluble·verbosity=licentious·dissoluteness 健谈的·多话=放荡的·放荡
(反)licentiousness ◆ moral restrain 放纵而不受道德限制 ◆ 道德限制
(同)abandoned, dissolute, profligate

lien [] n.扣押权,留置权(legal claim until a debt on it is repaid)
(类)lien·claim=subpoena·command 扣押权是法律意义上的权利=传票是法律意义上的命


liken [] vt. 把„比作 (compare)
(类)liken·similarity=discriminate·difference 比拟依靠相似性=区别依靠差异性

limber [] adj. 可塑的,柔软的(capable of being shaped·flexible)
(类)limber·flexibility=spindly·frailty 柔软的·弹性=脆弱的·脆弱

limerick [] n. 打油诗
(类)farce·performance=limerick·poem 闹剧是一种滑稽表演=打油诗是一种幽默短诗
limerick·poem=lampoon·satire 打油诗·诗=讽刺文·讽刺文学 (种属)

limn [ ] vt.描写(to describe); 描绘,画
(记)谐音“临”联想:临摹→画

limousine [] n. 豪华轿车
(类)mansion·residence=limousine·automobile 大厦,毫宅·居所=豪华小轿车·汽车

limp [] adj. 松软的 v. 跛行(lacking firm texture, substance, or structure)
(类)limp·walk=stutter·talk 跛行·行走=口吃·说话
(反)limp ◆ firm 松软的 ◆ 坚硬

limpid [] adj. 透明的,清澈的(marked by transparency:pellucid)
(反)limpid ◆ murky unclear turbid 透明的 ◆ 模糊不清的浑浊的

linen [] n. 亚麻布
(类)clay·porcelain=flax·linen 粘土制成陶器=亚麻制成亚麻布
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flannel·cloth=linen·fabric 法兰绒·布=亚麻布·织物(种属)

linger [] v. 逗留, 闲荡, 拖延(tarry;saunter; to be slow to act:procrastinate)
(反)lingering ◆ fleeting 漫步的 ◆ 飞速的

linoleum [] n. 油布
(类)varnish·wood=wax·linoleum 清漆·木头=蜡·油布(保护和修饰作用)

lint [] n. 绷带用麻布,皮棉(fuzz consisting of fine ravelings and short fibers of yarn and fabric)
(类)lint·covering=tarpaulin·garment 皮棉·覆盖物=油布雨衣·衣服(种属)

lissome [] adj. 柔软的,敏捷的(easily bent;supple)
(反)lissome ◆ solid 柔软的 ◆ 坚硬的
lissome ◆ ungainly 敏捷的 ◆ 笨拙的
(同)supple, limber, lithe, lithesome;nimble

list [] n. vi. 倾斜(a deviation from the vertical:tilt; to tilt to one side)
(反)list ◆ upright be upright 倾斜 ◆ 垂直
(记)由倾斜引申倾向,再引申渴望。参考:listless 无渴望的,无精打采的。

lithe [] adj. 柔软的,优雅的(characterized by easy flexibility and grace)
(反)lithe ◆ awkward 优雅的 ◆ 笨拙的
lithe ◆ inelastic 柔软的 ◆ 无弹性的
(同)supple, limber, lissome, lithesome
(例)treading with a lithe silent step

litigate [] v. 提起诉讼(to engage in legal proceedings)
litigant [] n. 诉讼当事人
loath [] adj. 不情愿的,勉强的(unwilling to do something contrary to one's ways of thinking)
(反)loath ◆ eager 不情愿的 ◆ 渴望的
loathsome ◆ delectable 讨厌的 ◆ 使人愉快的
(同)disinclined, afraid, averse, hesitant, indisposed, reluctant, uneager

loathe [] vt. 厌恶, 憎恶(to dislike someone or something greatly; abhor)
(反)loathe ◆ 【amusing】 讨厌 ◆ 有趣的 (注:应该是干扰选项)
MW:Contrasted Words:covet, crave, desire, want, wish;Antonyms: tolerate
(同)hate, abhor, abominate, detest, execrate
(例)I loathe washing dishes. 我讨厌洗盘子。

loathing [] n. 极端厌恶,憎恶(extreme disgust:detestation)
(类)castigation·reproof=loathing·dislike 苛责·责备=极端厌恶·不喜欢(程度)
dislike·loathing=pleasure·bliss 讨厌·极度厌恶=快乐·天赐之福 (程度)
(记)谐音“鲁迅”→鲁迅憎恶一切反动派;网友 anifly 提供
有意思的是loathing有ing反而是名词。loath(不情愿的)则是 形容词,意思也有较大差别。

lode [] n. 矿脉(an ore deposit)
(类)shale·lode=well·aquifer 页岩·矿脉=源泉·含水土层 (事物及其发源地)

lofty [] adj. 高的,崇高的(elevated in status:superior)
(反)lofty ◆ ignominious mean 崇高的 ◆ 可耻的 卑鄙的
lofty ◆ cast down 提高的 ◆ 下降的
(记)源自loft 阁楼,楼上的房间,天空+y→高的

loll [] vi. 懒洋洋的(to act or move in a lax, lazy, or indolent manner:lounge)
(反)loll ◆ move vigorously 懒洋洋地移动 ◆ 精力旺盛地移动

lopsided [] adj. 倾向一方的,不平衡的(lacking in balance, symmetry, or proportion)
(反)even handed ◆ lopsided 平衡 ◆ 不平衡的

loquacious [] adj. 多嘴的,饶舌的(given to fluent or excessive talk·garrulous)
(类)flatter·praise=loquacious·talkative 奉承是过分赞扬=饶舌是过分喜欢说话
loquacious·succinct=adroit·ungainly 饶舌的·简洁的=熟练的·笨拙的 (反义)
loquacious·talkative=rash·adventurous 饶舌的·多话的=鲁莽的·大胆的(同义)
loquacious·word=profligate·money 饶舌的人不吝惜话=浪费的人不吝惜钱(动宾)
(反)loquacious ◆ taciturnreticent laconic 饶舌的 ◆ 沉默寡言的用词简洁的
loquacity ◆ disinclination to speak reluctance to speak 多话 ◆ 不愿说话
(同)talkative, babblative, chatty, gabby, garrulous,

lottery [] n. 抽彩,抓阄(contest in which winners are selected in a drawing of lots)
(类)lottery·raffle= ?? 抽彩·抽彩(同义)干扰:ticket·admission =入场券·入场
【注】raffle :a lottery in which a number of persons buy chances to win a prize
lottery并无奖券的意思。这个意思的词是lots,chances。

loutish [`] adj. 粗鲁的(resembling or befitting a clumsy,stupid fellow)
(类)coltish·discipline=loutish·grace 不受拘束的人不会守纪律=粗鲁的人不会优雅
(反)genteel ◆ loutish 有教养的 ◆ 粗鲁的
(同)boorish, churlish, cloddish

lubricate [] vt. 使润滑(to make smooth or slippery)
(类)oil·lubricate=antiseptic·disinfect 油用来润滑=杀菌剂用来消毒
lubricate·abrasion=seal·leakage 润滑防止磨损=密封防止渗漏

lucid [] adj. 清澈的,明晰易懂的(clear to the understanding:intelligible)
(类)lucid·perceive=transparent·understand=promi nent·notice
明晰的容易觉察=明显的容易理解=杰出的容易注意
(反)lucid ◆ murky vague obfuscated 清晰的 ◆ 模糊的

lucubration [] n. 刻苦钻研,苦心的著作(laborious or intensive study)
(反)lucubration ◆ cursory consideration 刻苦钻研 ◆ 草草了事
(记)lucubrate, 谐音:撸胳膊(表示要刻苦钻研)

lug [] v. 拖,拉(to carry laboriously)
(类)lug·carry=trudge·walk 拖拉是艰难地运送=跋涉是艰难地走

lucrative [] adj. 盈利的,有利可图的(producing wealth; profitable)
(记)来自lucre收益,钱财

lugubrious [] adj. 悲哀的(尤指装出来的)(mournful;esp. affectedly mournful)
(反)lugubrious ◆ facetiousjovial 悲哀的 ◆ 幽默的快乐的
lugubriousness ◆ cheerfulness 悲哀 ◆ 高兴
(例)dark, dramatic and lugubrious brooding
(记)谐音:露骨。联想:装作悲哀的样子很露骨。

lull [] nvt. 麻痹,使安静 (to cause to sleep or rest:soothe)
(反)lull ◆ startle galvanize 使安静 ◆ 使震惊 刺激
lull ◆ hectic period 暂停期 ◆ 狂热的时期
lull ◆ revive 使安静 ◆ 使复兴
lull ◆ increased activity 平静 ◆ 增加的行为

lullaby [] n. 摇篮曲 (a song to quiet children or lull them to sleep)
(类)lullaby·song=diatribe·discourse 摇篮曲·歌曲=谩骂·谈话(种属)

lumber [] vi. 笨重地行动,蹒跚而行(to move ponderously; stumble)
(类)lumber·grace=waver·resolution 笨重地行动不优雅=犹豫没有决心
(反)lumber ◆ glide 笨重地行动 ◆ 平滑不费力地滑动

lumen [] n. 流明(亮度单位)(a unit of luminous)
(类)lumen·light=d ecibel·sound=volt·electricity=watt·power
分贝·声音=伏·电流=瓦·功率=流明·亮度

luminary [] n. 杰出人物,名人(a person of prominence or brilliant achievement)
(类)mastermaven·experience=luminary·eminence 专家 行家有经验=杰出人物显赫

lurch [] vi. 举步蹒跚 (to move forward unsteadily while swaying from side to side)
(反)lurch ◆ progress smoothly 举步蹒跚 ◆ 平稳前进
(例)the sodden drunk lurched uncertainly toward the door

lurk [] vi. 潜藏,潜伏(to lie in wait in a place of concealment especially for an evil purpose)
(类)lurk·wait=abscond·depart=hoard·save 潜伏·等候=潜逃·离开=密藏·保存
(干扰:purloin·appropriate 偷窃·盗用)
lurk·concealmen t=espouse·marriage=purloin·appropriation
潜伏·潜藏=嫁娶·结婚=偷窃·占用(种属)
(同)sneak, creep, gumshoe, pussyfoot, skulk, slide, slink, slip

lush [] adj. 苍翠繁茂的(growing vigorously especially with luxuriant foliage)
(反)sere ◆ lush 干枯的 ◆ 苍翠繁茂的

lustrous [] adj. 有光泽的,光辉的(reflecting light evenly and efficiently without glitter or
sparkle)
(类)numb·insensible=burnish·lustrous 麻木使无知觉=磨光使有光泽
lustrous·polish=pure·refine 擦亮就会有光泽的=精炼就会纯净的
(同)burnished, gleaming, glistening, glossy, polished
(例)the lustrous glow of an opal

luxury [] adj. 奢侈,奢华(a condition of abundance or great ease and comfort)
(类)ascetic·luxury=teetotaler·alcohol 禁欲者不嗜奢华=禁酒者不嗜饮酒
luxuriant luxurious ◆ spartan 奢华的 ◆ 简朴的
(例)the poor cannot even afford the essentials, let alone occasional luxuries

lyric [] n. 抒情诗, 歌词
(类)pleasurable·paradisical=melodious·lyrical
愉快的·天堂般的=曲调优美的·抒情诗般的(程度)
ballad·song=lyric·poem=comedian·actor
民谣·歌曲=抒情诗·诗歌=喜剧演员·演员(种属)

macabre adj.恐怖的(gruesome; grisly)以死亡为主题的(having death as a subject)
(类)macabre·shudder=hilarious·laugh 恐怖的·颤栗=高兴的·笑(因为前者所以后者)
(记)观察:cab 谐音 恐怖。

macerate [] v. 浸软(steep, soak)
(反)macerate ◆ harden by drying 浸软 ◆ 烘干变硬

maculate [] adj. 有斑点的(marked with spots:blotched impure, besmirched)
(反)maculated ◆ unspotted 玷污的 ◆ 清白的
(记)mac=mark→痕迹→斑点

maelstrom [] n.大漩涡,灾祸(violent whirlpool; violent or tublent situation)
(类)maelstrom·turbulent=mirage·illusory 大漩涡是狂暴的=海市蜃楼是错觉的
(同)eddy, whirl, whirlpool
(记)mael(坏的)+strom(=storm,暴风雨)联想:大旋涡,灾祸。

magnificent [] adj. 高尚的,宏伟的(grand or noble in thought or deed; exalted.)
(反)magnificent ◆ base 高尚的 ◆ 卑鄙的
(同)grandiose, imposing, lordly, magnific, majestic, noble
(记)词根magni- 表示大、长 参考:magnific 庄严的,崇高的magnification 放大

maladroit [] adj. 笨拙的(lacking adroitness:inept)
(类)complaisance·intractable=adeptness·maladroi t 柔顺·倔强的=灵巧·笨拙的
maladroit·deft=voluble·terse 笨拙的·灵巧的=冗长的·简洁的
maladroit·skill=glib·profundity 不灵巧的·技巧=口齿伶俐的·深度 (缺乏关系)
(反)maladroit ◆ deftdextrous 笨拙的 ◆ 灵巧的
(同)awkward, clumsy, gauche, inept, lumbering
(记)mal(坏)+adroit(熟练的,灵巧的)

malady [ ] n. 病,疾病,弊病
malaise [] n. 不舒服(uneasiness; vague feeling of ill health)
(反)malaise ◆ cheerful feeling 不舒服 ◆ 舒服
(记)mal(坏)+aise

malcontent [] adj. 不满的,不服的 n. 不满者(dissatisfied ;discontented)
(类)dilatory·procrastinate=malcontent·complain 拖拉的·耽搁=不满的·抱怨
sycophant·fawn=malcontent·complaint 谄媚者爱奉承=不满者爱抱怨

malicious [] adj. 怀恶意的,恶毒的(given to, marked by, or arising from malice)
(类)malicious·ill will=diligent·effort=exaggerating·hyperbole
恶毒的·恶意=勤勉的·努力=夸大的·夸张(形名同义)
(反)expansive ◆ malicious 宽容的 ◆ 恶毒的
(同)despiteful, evil, hateful, malevolent, malign, rancorous, vicious, wicked
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malign [] adj. 有恶意的 vt. 诽谤(intense often vicious ill will·malevolent)
(反)malign ◆ extol laud 诽谤 ◆ 赞美
(记)参考:benign 仁慈的,良好的

malinger [] v.假装不适以逃避工作 (to pretend incapacity as illness to avoid duty or
work)
(类)parsimonious·skimp=malingering·shirk 吝啬的·吝啬=逃避工作的·逃避(形动同义)
hoard·miser=shirk·malinger 秘藏·守财奴=逃避·逃避工作者(正面特征)
malinger·duty=camoflagedisemble·detection 逃避工作是逃避职责=掩饰是逃避侦

malingerer·duty=recluse·humanity 装病者逃避责任=隐遁者逃避人类
malinger·ail=flatter·appreciate 装病是假装生病=阿谀是假装欣赏
【注:ail:vi. to suffer ill health 生病】

malleable [] adj. 可塑的,易改变的(capable of being altered or controlled by outside
forces)
(类)friable·crumble=malleable·alter 易碎的容易被弄碎=有延展性的容易被改变
knead·malleable=penetrate·permeable 揉捏·可延展性的=穿透·能透过的
malleable·shape=irresolute·opinion 有延展性的·形状=无决断的·主张(前修饰后)
(反)malleable ◆ hard to shape 可延展性的 ◆ 难以变形的
(同)plastic, adaptable, ductile, moldable, pliable, pliant, supple

malodor [] n. 恶臭(an offensive odor)
(类)cacophony·sound=malodor·scent 刺耳的声音·语音=恶臭·气味
malodorous·smell=jarring·sound 恶臭的·气味=刺耳的·声音
(记)mal(坏)+odor(气味)

mandatory [] adj. 命令的,强制的(containing or constituting a command:obligatory)
(类)mandatory·comply=forbidden·abstain 强制的必须被遵守=禁止的必须被戒绝
(反)discretionary ◆ mandatory 任意的 ◆ 强制的
(同) compulsory, imperative, imperious, obligatory, required

mangle [] vt. 破坏, 毁损(to spoil, injure, or make incoherent especially through ineptitude)
(反)mangle ◆ praise extravagantly 毁损 ◆ 过分赞美
(同)batter , maul
(例)a story mangled beyond recognition

mangy [] adj. 污秽的,褴褛的(having many worn or bare spots·seedy, shabby)
(反)mangy ◆ decorous 褴褛的 ◆ 优雅的
(记)mang 谐音:盲→盲流→盲流衣衫褴褛

mania [] n. 狂躁,热衷,狂热(excessive or unreasonable enthusiasm)
(类)enthusiasm·mania=suspicion·paranoia 热情·狂热=怀疑·偏执狂 (程度)
mania·enthusiasm=doting·fondness 狂热·热情=溺爱·喜爱(程度)
hidebound·conservative=manic·interestedexcited
顽固的·保守的=疯狂的·感兴趣的激动的(以上程度关系都有有褒贬意味)

manifest [] n. 载货清单
(类)reper toire·performance=manifest·cargo=agenda·meeting=in ventory·merchandise
全部剧目·演出=载货清单·货物=议程·会议=存货清单·存货

manifest 2 [] adj. 显然的,明显的(easily understood or recognized by the mind:obvious)
(类)manifest·perceive=brittle·break=transparent·un derstand
明显的·觉察=易碎的·破碎=透彻的·理解(容易关系)
audib le·stentorian=discernible·manifest=palatable·savor y
听得见的·声音洪亮的=可辨别的·明显的=美味的·风味极佳的(程度)
(反)manifest ◆ latent occult 明显的 ◆ 潜在的神秘的
(同)clear, apparent, distinct, evident

manipulate [] vt. 巧妙操作 (control or change by artful means)
(类)dexterous·manipulate=prescient·predict
灵巧的·巧妙操作=预见性的·预言(前者是后者的性质)
(反)manipulate ◆ guileless 假造 ◆ 不狡猾的 (词性不符)
manipulative ◆ guileless 暗中操纵的 ◆ 坦率正直的
(例)How do you manipulate these puppets? 你是怎么巧妙操作这些木偶的?

mannered adj. 不自然的,矫饰的(artificial or affected)
(反)natural自然的

manumit [] v. 解放(奴隶)(to release from slavery)
(反)manumit ◆ detain enslave 解放 ◆ 拘留奴役
(记)manu(手)+mit(释放)参考:emit 发出,放射

manure [  ] v. 施肥于n. 肥料
manuscript [] n. 手稿(a book, document, or other composition written by hand)
(类)archive·manuscript=arsenal·weapon 档案室·手稿=武器库·武器

mar [] v. 损坏,破坏(to impair the soundness, perfection, or integrity of; spoil)
(类)burnish·dull=mar·flawless 磨光消除暗淡=破坏消除完美
(反)mar ◆ enhance 损坏 ◆ 加强

marsh [] n. 沼泽,湿地
(类)marsh·sodden=desert·arid 沼泽·湿的=沙漠·干燥的
(反)marshy ◆ arid 潮湿的 ◆ 干旱的

marsupial [] n.有袋类动物
(类)kangaroo·marsupial=squirrel·rodent 袋鼠·有袋类动物=松鼠·啮齿类动物(种属)

martial [] adj. 战争的, 军事的(of, relating to, or suggestive of war)
(类)martial·military=runic·mysterious 军事的·军事的=神秘的·神秘的(同义)

martinet [] n. 纪律严明之人(a strict disciplinarian)
(类)martinet·discipline=pedant·learning 纪律严明之人执着于纪律=学究执着于学问
(反)martinet ◆ indulgent person individual 要求严格之人 ◆ 纵容之人

marvel [] n. 奇迹(something that causes wonder or astonishment)
(反)marvel ◆ mean 奇迹 ◆ 平庸
pedestrian ◆ marvelous 平凡的 ◆ 非凡的
(同)miracle, phenomenon, prodigy

masquerade [] v. 伪装,掩饰(to disguise oneself)
(类)dissemble·information=masquerade·feeling 掩盖·事实=掩饰·感情
(记)masque(=mask面具)

mash [  ] v. 捣碎,捣成糊状(to convert into a soft, pulpy mixture)
(类)awl·piece=pestle·mash锥子用来刺=杵用来捣

masticate [] v. 咀嚼(chew)
(类)lung·respire=tooth·masticate 肺·呼吸=牙齿·咀嚼

mastery [  ] n. 技艺超群,炉火纯青(possession of consummate skill)
(类)i mprovement·mastery=savings·wealth不断改进达到炉火纯青=不断储蓄获得 财富

matriculate [] vt. 入学
(类)inauguration·official=matriculation·student 就职·官员=入学·学生
inception·termination=matriculation·graduation 开始·结束=入学·毕业
commencement ◆ matriculation 毕业典礼 ◆ 入学
(记)matri(母亲)参考:matrix 子宫 matriarchy 女家长制

mattress [] n. 床垫(注:mat席子,垫子)
(类)tablecloth·table=sheet·mattress 桌布·桌子=床单·床垫

maudlin [] adj. 多愁善感的,感情脆弱的(weakly and effusively sentimental)
(类)maudlin·sentiment=pedantic·scholarship
感情脆弱的形容过分脆弱的对待感情=书生气的形容过分迂腐的对待学问
maudlin·sentimental=obsequious·deferential (干扰:peeved·annoyed 同义)
感情脆弱的·多愁善感的=谄媚的·恭顺的(褒贬+程度)
【注:deference:respect and esteem due a superior or an elder also:affected or
ingratiating regard for another's wishes 恭敬,迎合】
(反)maudlin ◆ jovial 感伤的 ◆ 高兴的
(同)sentimental, bathetic, mawkish

list 21 maven ---------mordant
maven [] n. 专家,行家 (one who is experienced or knowledgeable:expert)
(类)maven ·experience=luminary·eminence=augur·prediction
专家·经验=权威者·显赫=预言者·预言(人物正面特征)
(同)expert, authority, master, virtuoso

maverick [] n. 特立独行之人(an independent individual not go along with a group)
(类)dissenter·orthodox=maverick·group 持不同政见者背离正统=特立独行者背离团体
maverick·conformity=extrovert·reserve 特立独行者不和别人一致=性格外向者不内敛
(反)maverick ◆ follower 特立独行之人 ◆ 追随者
maverick ◆ conform to tradition 特立独行的 ◆ 遵从传统的
(记)NBA小牛队的名称就是maverick

mawkish [] adj. 自作多情的,令人厌恶的 (sickly or puerilely sentimental)
(类)mawkish·sentimental=gullible·trust 感情脆弱的·感伤的=易上当的·信任 (程度)
(反)mawkish ◆ unsentimental 自作多情的 ◆ 不动情感的
(同)sentimental, bathetic, maudlin, romantic

meager [] adj. 贫乏的,稀少的(deficient in quality or quantity)
(反)amplitude ◆ meagerness 广阔,丰富 ◆ 贫乏,稀少
liberal ◆ meager 慷慨的 ◆ 贫乏的
(记)m+eager 没有希望,因为太穷困了。

mean adj.卑鄙的;自私的,吝啬的
(反)noble(高尚的)lavish(非常大方的,浪费的)

meander [] vi. 蜿蜒而流,闲逛(to wander aimlessly without urgent destination:ramble)
(类)waft·plummet=meander·dash 飘落·急速下落=闲逛·猛冲(慢·快)
(反)meander ◆ move purposively 无目的的闲逛 ◆ 有目的的走动
(同)wander, drift, ramble, roam, rove, stray, vagabond
(记)来自米安得河,美洲一条著名的河流。联想:河流是蜿蜒而流的。

measly [] adj. 低贱的(contemptibly small)
(类)measly·contemptibly=puny·weakly 低贱的·可鄙地=微弱的·微弱地 (形副同义)
(反)measly ◆ grand 卑贱的 ◆ 重要的
(同)petty, paltry, piddling, puny, trifling, trivial

measured [] adj. 标准的(marked by due proportion)
(反)measured ◆ inappropriate 标准的 ◆ 不适当的

meddle [] vi. 干涉,管闲事(interfere without right or propriety)
(类)officious·meddle=disaffected·rebel 好管闲事的·管闲事=有叛意的·反叛
meddlesome·pry=contentious·argue 好管闲事的人喜欢打探=好争吵的人喜欢争吵
attentive·meddlesome=envious·jealous 留意的·好管闲事的=羡慕的·嫉妒的(褒贬
程度)
(同)busybody, interfere, interlope, intermeddle, tamper(with)
(例)continually meddling in other people's affairs

media [] n. 媒体,营养基(a nutrient system for the artificial cultivation of cells or bacteria)
(类)plantation·tobacco=media·bacteria 种植园种植烟草=营养基培养细菌

mediate [] vt. 调解,调停
(类)intercessor·mediate=translator·interpret 调解者·调解=翻译·翻译
mediation·compromise=prosecution·conviction 调解·妥协=起诉·定罪 (目的)

mediocre [] adj. 平庸的,平凡的(of moderate or low quality,value, ability, or
performance)
(反)virtuosity ◆ mediocrity 大师 ◆ 平庸之才
(同)medium, indifferent, intermediate, mean, ordinary, so-so

medley [] n. 混合,混杂;集成曲(a musical composition made up of a series of songs)
(类)montage·images=medley·songs 蒙太奇·图像=集成曲·歌曲 (组成关系)

meek adj.温顺的, 谦恭的(gentle)柔顺的,易于征服的(submissive)
(反)vaunting骄傲的unyieldding不屈服的
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meet [] adj. 合适的(very proper)
(反)meet ◆ inappropriateunsuitable 合适的 ◆ 不合适的

meliorism [] n.世界改良论(the belief of tendency toward improvement)
(类)meliorism·progress=egalitarian·equity 世界改良论主张进步=平等主义主张平等

mellifluous [] adj.曲调优美的(having a smooth rich flow)
(类)mellifluous·music=ambrosial·food 曲调优美的的音乐=天赐美味的食物
mellifluous·sound=savory·taste 悦耳的·声音=美味的·味道 (形容词及其修饰对
象)
(反)mellifluous ◆ cacophonous raspy 悦耳的 ◆ 刺耳的
(同)golden, mellifluent

melody [] n. 曲子,美的音乐,曲调(tunefulness)
(类)cacophony·melody=genteel·churl 刺耳音调·悦耳音调=绅士的·粗野的人(反义)
(反)melodious ◆ jarring 音调优美的 ◆ 不和谐的

melodrama [] n. 情节剧(a work as a movie or play characterized by extravagant
theatricality and by the predominance of plot and physical action over characterization)
(类)melodrama·subtlety=chimera·authenticity 情节剧缺乏微妙之处=梦幻缺乏真实性

membrane [] n.薄膜,细胞膜(a thin soft pliable sheet or layer especially of animal or
plant origin)
(类)pore·membrane=door·room 气孔是薄膜的入口=门是房间的入口
cell·membrane=seed·hull 细胞·细胞膜=种子·外壳

menace [] v. 恐吓,威胁(to make a show of intention to harm)
(类)odious·disgust=menacing·fear=blatant·arrest
令人作呕的·引起恶心反感=威胁的·害怕=炫耀的·吸引(因果)
odious·repugnance=menacing·fear 可厌的令人反感=威胁的令人害怕
(同)compromise, hazard, imperil, jeopard

mendacious [] adj. 虚假的,说谎的(deceptionfalsehooddivergence from absolute
truth)
(类)ambiguous·clarity=mendacious·truth 模糊的不清楚=虚假的非事实
(反)mendacious ◆ honestveracious 虚假的 ◆ 诚实的
mendacity ◆ veracity honesty candor truthfulness 虚假 ◆ 诚实 坦白
(同)dishonest, deceitful, knavish, lying, roguish, shifty, unhonest, untruthful
(例)mendacious tales of his adventures
(记)mend (修理)说话修修补补—>说谎的

mentor [] n. 良师益友, 贤明的顾问, 导师, 指导者(a trusted counselor or guide·tutor,
coach)
( 类)mentor·guidance=oracle·prophecy=prevaricator·dec eive(或mislead)
导师能够指导=神谕者能够预言=说话搪塞的人能欺骗

mercenary [] adj.唯利是图的 n.雇佣兵(one that serves merely for wages)
(类)mercenary·money=vindictive·revenge 唯利是图的·金钱=有报仇心的·报仇
mercenary·soldier=hack·writer 雇佣兵:士兵=雇用作家:作家

mercurial [] adj.情绪善变的,活泼的(rapid and unpredictable changeableness
of mood)
(类)mercurial·mood =fickle·affection=whimsical·behavior
情绪善变的·情绪=变幻无常的·情感=行为古怪的·行为
scurrilous·propriety=mercurial·constancy 下流的·适当=易变的·一致(反面特征)
(反)mercurial ◆ constant 善变 ◆ 不变
(同)inconstant, capricious, changeable, fickle, temperamental, ticklish, unstable

meretricious [ ] a. 华而不实的,俗艳的
merited [] adj. 应得的, 理所当然的 (deserved, be worthy of or entitled or liable to)
(反)merited ◆ gratuitousunsuitable 理所当然的 ◆ 无理由的不适合的

mesh [] vt. 啮合(to cause as gears to engage)
(反)disengage ◆ mesh 解开 ◆ 啮合

mesmerism [] n. 催眠,着迷
(类)zeal·dedication=mesmerism·interest 热衷·奉献=着迷·兴趣(程度)
exhaustive·careful=mesmerized·interesting 详尽的·仔细的=着迷·兴趣(程度)

metaphor [] n. 隐喻,暗喻 (figurative language)
(类)metaphor·literal=melody·spoken 比喻·文字上的=悦耳音调·口头的(前者比后者
美丽)
insect·butterfly=philosophy·metaphysics 昆虫·蝴蝶=哲学·形而上学(种属)

metamorphose [] vt.变形,变质,改变(change strikingly the appearance of:
transform)
(反)metamorphose ◆ remain unaltered 改变 ◆ 保持不变
metamorphosis ◆ continuation without change 变形 ◆ 保持原形
(例)You are so metamorphosed i can hardly think you my master.

meteoric [] adj. 流星的,昙花一现(resembling a meteor in sudden and temporary
brilliance)
(类)fleeting·pass=meteoric·rise 飞逝的很快经过又消失=流星般的很快发生又消失
meteoric·constancy=archaic·currency 昙花一现的·恒久不变=过时的·现存
(反)meteoric ◆ plodding 疾速的 ◆ 沉重缓慢的
meteoric ◆ gradual 昙花一现的 ◆ 逐渐的
(例)a meteoric rise to fame
(记)meteor (流星)met (相遇)联想:人丛中两人的相遇就象流星闪过一样匆匆而过。

meteorology [] n. 气象学(a science that deals with weather and weather
forecasting)
(类)demography · population=meteorology · weather=pathology · disease
人口统计学研究人口=气象学研究天气=病理学研究疾病
(记)根据met eoric(流星的)而来,研究流星的学问—>气象学[mI5WRdIk(E)l]

methodical [] adj. 井然有序的,有条理的;系统的,
(反)desultory散漫的,不连贯的 haphazard任意的;无计划的;偶然的

meticulous [] adj.非常仔细的,细心的(extreme care in the consideration of details)
(类)interested·agog=careful·meticulous 感兴趣的·热切的=仔细的·小心翼翼的(程度)
(反)meticulous ◆ carelessness 细心的 ◆ 粗心的
(同)careful, conscientious, exact, fussy, punctilious, punctual, scrupulous

metrical [] adj. 韵律的,有韵律的,测量的 (of, relating to, or composed in meter)
(类)scan·metrical=parse·grammatical 分析韵律·韵律的=解析语法·文法的 (动宾)

mettle [] n. 勇气,毅力(staying quality:stamina)
(类)insight·discern=mettle·endure 洞察力·洞悉=毅力·忍耐(正面特征)
(例)trucks had proved their mettle in army transport

miff [] n. 小争执,微怒 vt. 使恼怒 (a trivial quarrel)
(类)miff·quarrel=foible·flaw 小争吵·争吵=小缺点·缺点(小和正常)
(反)miff ◆ please {complimentcommend} 使恼怒 ◆ 讨好,和解

migratory [] adj. 迁移的,流浪的(wandering, roving;migrative, mobile)
(反)migratory ◆ sedentary 迁移的 ◆ 不迁移的

milieu [  ] n.(法)周围,环境,社会环境,背景
(例)the historical milieu 历史背景(记)参考:purlieu常去的地方

milk n. 奶;v.挤出,榨出
(类)milk·extract=exploit·utilize 榨出·提取=充分利用·利用(程度)

mime [] vt. vi. 摸拟表演(to act a part with mimic gesture and action usually without words)
(类)parody·style=mime·gesture 拙劣的模仿·样式=哑剧·手势(事物及其特征化方式)
charade·word=mime·story 用手势表示的字谜·字=哑剧·故事
mimicry·camouflage =mutation·variation 模拟是一种伪装=突变是一种变化
【注】mutation :a sudden structural change

minaret [] n. 尖塔(a tall slender tower of a mosque)
(类)spire·church=minaret·mosque 塔尖·教堂=尖塔·清真寺 (建筑物及其顶端)

minatory [] adj.威胁的,恫吓的(having a menacing quality·threatening)
(反)minatory ◆ nonthreatening 威胁的 ◆ 无威胁性的
minatory ◆ reassuring unthreatening 威胁的 ◆ 安心的 无威胁的

mince [] vi. 小步走(to walk with short steps in a prim affected manner)
(类)mince·walk=sip·drink 小步走·走=小口饮·喝
(类)stride·mince=quaff·sip 迈大步走·碎步走=大口喝·啜饮(程度)

mind v. 介意,反对,不喜欢(to object to; dislike)注意,留意(to attend to)
(类)mind·dislike 介意·不喜欢(同义)
(反)mindful ◆ unaware 留心的 ◆ 没察觉到的

mingle [] v. 混合(to bring or mix together)
(反)mingle ◆ separate 混合 ◆ 分离
(同)mix , commingle, immingle, intermingle, meld, merge

minimize [] vt.将„减到最少v. 最小化
(反)overestimate高估exaggerate夸张inflate膨胀

minion [] n. 奴才(a servile dependent, follower, or underling)
(类)minion·dependent=groveler·petitioner 奴才·依赖者=卑恭屈节者·请求者

mint [] vt. 铸造;n. 巨额
(类)strike·medal=mint·coin 打造·奖牌=铸造·硬币
(反)mint ◆ modicum 巨额 ◆ 少量

minuscule [] adj. 极小的 n. 小写字(very small)
(类)small·minuscule=moist·saturated 小·极小的=湿的·饱和的(程度)
minuscule·letter=minnow·fish 小写字·字母=小鱼·鱼 (种属)

minute n.会议记录(An official record of the proceedings at a meeting)adj.微小的
(类)agenda·minutes=itenerary·log 会议议程·会议记录=旅行日程·旅行日志
(反)minute ◆ gargantuan 微小的 ◆ 巨大的

minutia [] n. 细节,琐事(a minute or minor detail;trivia, triviality)
(类)minutia·details=quibbles·objections 小细节·详情=小反对·放对
(反)minutia ◆ essential pointvital feature 琐事 ◆ 要点重要特征
minutia ◆ lengthy account 细节 ◆ 冗长的说明
minutia ◆ crucial aspects 琐事 ◆ 重要方面

miraculous [] adj. 奇迹的, 不可思议的(of the nature of a miracle:supernatural)
(反)ordinary ◆ miraculous 平凡的 ◆ 奇迹的
(同)supernatural, numinous, preternatural, superhuman, unearthly
(记)由下面的mirage 海市蜃楼而来 联想:海市蜃楼的美是不可思议的。

mirage [] n.幻影,海市蜃楼(something illusory and unattainable)
(类)maelstrom·turbulent=mirage·illusory 大漩涡·混乱的=海市蜃楼·幻影的(正面特征)
(记)mira=mirror 镜子 联想:镜子里看到的都是幻影→欢迎,海市蜃楼

mire [] vt. 使陷于泥泞,使陷入困境(to hamper or hold back as if by mire:entangle)
(反)mire ◆ extricate 使陷入困境 ◆ 使解脱
(记)mire=admire(崇拜)去掉ad(广告),联想:被崇拜的明星如果没了广告 就会陷入困境。

mirth [] n.欢乐,欢笑(gladness or gaiety as shown by or accompanied with laughter)
(类)mirth·laughter=approval·applause 因欢乐而笑=因赞成而鼓掌
(例)a man of contentment, but seldom of mirth
(记)mirth看成my+birth 联想:我的生日充满欢笑(韦青网友提供)

misanthrope [] n. 厌恶人类者(a person who hates or distrusts mankind)
(类)misanthrope·humane=ascetic·voluptuary 厌恶人类者·人道的=苦行者·耽于酒色的
misanthrope·people=xenophobe·strangers 厌恶人类者:人=仇外者:外人,陌生人
(记)mis 不+ anthrope人类学→厌恶人类
【注:mis 作为前缀有三层意思。1、bad, wrong 2、not 3、强调 】

misbehave [] v. 行为不端(to behave badly)
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(类)castigation·disapproval= crime· misbehave 苛责·不赞成=犯罪· 行为不端(程度)
lapse·error=misbehavior·criminality 小错·差错=不正当的行为·犯罪行为(程度)
reprobate·misbehave=sycophant·fawn 堕落的人·行为不端=马屁精·奉承(典型特
征)
(记)mis(=bad)+ behave行为,不好的行为

mischievous [] adj. 调皮的,恶作剧的,有害的(able to cause trouble, or minor injury)
(类)insensitive·boor=mischievous·imp 不老练的·粗野之人=淘气的·顽童(典型特征)
rapscallion·mischievous=sluggard·lazy 流氓·为害的=懒鬼·懒惰 (正面特征)
(同)naughty, bad, ill- behaved, misbehaving
(记)chiev (=chief) 达到顶端 参考:chief 首领(达到顶端的人)achieve 取得
mis+chiev 联想:用坏的方法达到顶端→恶作剧的

misconstrue [] vt. 误解, 曲解(misinterpret)
(类)misjudge·assess=misconstrue·interpret 判断错误作出错误评估=误解作出错误解释
(记)mis错误 + construe v. 解释, 分析, 直译→误解,曲解

miscreant [] n. 恶棍 adj. 堕落的(one who behaves criminally or viciously)
(类)miscreant·criminal=visionary·delusion 堕落的·罪犯=幻觉的·幻觉 (典特)
(反)miscreant ◆ law-abiding individualsaint 有罪恶的人 ◆ 遵守法纪的人圣人
(记)mis+cre(=credible 可信的)+ant →不可信的人→恶棍 参考:credit n.信任, 信用

misdemeanor [] n.不轨的行为,轻罪(a crime less serious than a felony)
(类)crime·misdemeanor=commitment·decision 犯罪·轻罪=承诺·决心 (程度)
misdemeanor·crime=lapse·error 轻罪·罪=小错误·谬误,差错(程度)
(记)mis错+ demeanor行为,风度→行为不当,轻罪

miser [] n. 守财奴,吝啬鬼(one who is extremely stingy with money)
(类)miser·munificent=zealot·blase 吝啬鬼·慷慨的=热心者·冷漠的
miser·parsimonious=spendthrift·prodigal 吝啬鬼·吝啬的=挥霍者·奢侈的(典特)
miser·hoard=dandy·preen 守财奴好贮藏=花花公子好打扮
parsimony·miser=rebelliousness·insurgent 吝啬·守财奴=造反·暴动者
miser·thrift··chauvinist·patriotism 吝啬鬼过分的节约=盲目的爱国主义者盲目爱国
(反)spendthrift ◆ miser 挥霍者 ◆ 守财奴

misfortune [] n. 不幸(a distressing or unfortunate incident or event)
(反)boon ◆ misfortune 幸运 ◆ 不幸
(记)mis + fortune(运气)→坏运气

misgiving [] n. 疑虑,担心(a feeling of suspicion especially concerning a future event)
(反)misgiving ◆ certainty 疑虑 ◆ 必定
(反)compunction ◆ absence of misgiving 后悔 ◆ 没有疑虑
(记)参考:forgive 原谅;一起记:have a misgiving without being forgived担心不被原谅。

mishap [] n. 不幸之事(an unfortunate accident)
(类)catastrophe· mishap=humiliation·embarrassment 大祸·不幸=耻辱:困窘
mishap·accident=peccadillo·offence 不幸·事故=小罪·犯罪(种属)
(记)mis不+ hap(=hapness幸运)

misogynist [] n.厌恶女人的人(one who hates womenfemales)
(记)gyn词根:女人 参考:gynocracy妇女政治

misrepresent [] vt. 不如实的叙述,误传(to give a false or misleading
representation
of usually with an intent to deceive or be unfair)
(类)tamper·adjust=misrepresent·communicate 篡改是错误的修改=误传是错误的传达

mite [] n. 微生物,螨虫;极小量
(类)mite·creature=speck·amount 微生物·生物=少量·量 (种属)
(记)螨虫非常非常小,所以每个人都有螨虫的。

mitigate [] v. 减轻,使缓和(to make less severe or painful)
(类)mitigate·severe=qualify·general 使严重的减轻=使普通的具有资格
(反)mitigate ◆ exacerbate 缓和,减轻 ◆ 使加剧
(同)relieve, allay, alleviate, assuage, mollify
(记)miti(谐音:媒体)联想:媒体给人们带来信息和欢乐,能够减轻人们的焦虑和痛苦。

mnemonics [] n. 记忆术(a technique of improving the memory)
(类)regiment·health=mnemonics·memory 养生法为了促进健康=助记法为了促进记忆
mnemonics·remember=staff·walk 助记法帮助记忆=拐杖帮助行走

mobility [] n. 灵活性
(类)spl int·mobility=ballast·instability=purchase·slippery
夹板·灵活性=压舱物·不稳定性=支点·滑动(消除关系)
splint·immobilize=duct·convey 夹板用来固定=导管用来传送
splint·immobilize=sling·support(干扰sieve·flow)夹 板用来固定=吊带用来支撑
(记)来自mobile 机动的,可移动的 mobile phone 移动电话 参考:motile 能动的,有活力的

mockery [] n. 嘲弄,笑柄,歪曲 (a subject of laughter, derision, or sport)
(类)diatribe·abuse=burlesque·mockery 抨击·咒骂=用文字模仿以讽刺·嘲弄(程度)
mock·imitate=taunt·challenge (以模仿方式)嘲弄:模仿=(以挑战方式)嘲弄:挑

(同)burlesque, caricature, farce, mock, sham, travesty
(例)arbitrary methods make a mockery of justice. 专断的方法是对正义的嘲弄
(记)mock 嘲笑+ -ery 名词后缀 比较monk 联想:和尚经常成为嘲笑的对象

moderate [] vt. 节制,使稳定,使缓和(to lessen the intensity or extremeness of)
(类)exorbitant·moderation=perfidious·loyalty 过分的·温和的=不忠的·忠心
moderate· intensity =extenuate·seriousness 缓和·强度=减轻·严重性
(记)moderate 也做形容词,中等的,适量的

modicum [] n. 少量(a small portion:a limited quantity)
(类)inkling·knowledge=modicum·quantity 小知识·知识=小量·量(程度)
(反)modicum ◆ large amount 少量 ◆ 大量
(同)particle, atom, grain, iota, minim, molecule, ounce, scrap

molar [] n. 臼齿, 磨牙(a tooth with a broad crown used to grind food)
(类)rib·bone=molar·tooth 肋骨·骨头=臼齿·牙齿 (种属)
(记)谐音:毛驴。联想:毛驴拉磨;由磨联想磨牙,臼齿。

molding [] n. 嵌线(a decorative plane or curved strip used for ornamentation or
finishing)
(类)hem·garment=molding·cabinet 褶边·衣服=嵌线·橱柜

mollify [] v. 平息,缓和,使变软(to soothe in temper or disposition:appease)
(类)mollification·soothe=indemnity·secure 安抚是为了使安心=保险是为了保护
mollify·anger=heart·dejection 缓和消除怒火=鼓励消除颓丧
(反)antagonize 使敌对反对 ire忿怒 rouse唤醒 vex使恼怒 pique激怒
discomfit 挠乱 exasperate激怒 bait使生气 disaffect使敌对 nettle激怒
rankle激怒 incite to anger rouse to anger 激怒惹怒
mollification ◆ inflammation 缓和 ◆ 怒火

mollycoddle [] vt. 溺爱 (a pampered or effeminate man or boy)
(类)chide·pillory=humor·mollycoddle 叱责·示众=迁就·溺爱(程度)
(反)mollycoddle ◆ treat harshly 溺爱 ◆ 粗鲁的对待

molt [] n. v. 换毛,脱皮(ecdysis)
(类)molt·bird=slough·snake 鸟换毛=蛇蜕皮
molt·feathers=shed·hair 脱毛掉羽毛=脱发掉头发
【注:to cast off some natural covering(as fur or skin)
例:the cat is shedding 猫正在脱毛】
(反)fledging ◆ molt 长羽毛 ◆ 换毛

momentous [] adj. 极重要的(important, consequential)
(类)atrocious·bad=momentous·important 极坏的:坏的=极重要的:重要的

momentum [] n. 势头,动力(a property of a moving body that the body has by virtue
of its mass and motion and that is equal to the product of the body's mass and velocity)
(类)vacillate·swing=momentum·scutter 犹豫·动摇=动力·疾走(因果关系)
oscillation·swing=momentum·scooter 振荡·秋千=动力·划板(后者运动需要前者)

mongrel [] n. 杂种,混血儿 adj. 杂种的, 混血儿的
(反)mongrel ◆ purebred 杂种的 ◆ 纯种的

monochromatic [] adj. 单色的(having or consisting of one color or hue)
(反)iridescent ◆ monochromatic 彩色的 ◆ 单色的
chromatic ◆ colorless 彩色的 ◆ 无色的

monocle [] n.单片眼镜(an eyeglass for one eye)
(类)monocle·eye 单片眼镜·眼睛

monologue [] n. 独白, 独脚戏(soliloquy; a dramatic sketch performed by one actor)
(类)opera·aria=play·monologue 歌剧·独唱曲=戏剧·独白

monotone [] adj. 单调的(monotonic)
(类)stammer·halting=drone·monotonous
结巴的说·犹豫=单调而低沉地说·单调的(行为及正特)
(反)monotonous ◆ piebald vociferous 单调的 ◆ 花斑的嘈杂的

montage n. 蒙太奇(the production of a rapid succession of images in a motion picture to illustrate an
association of ideas)
(类)zigzag·turns=montage·images 之字型·转弯=蒙太奇·图画(组成)

moratorium [] n. 延期,暂缓施行(a suspension of an ongoing or planned
activity)
(类)reprieve·punishment=moratorium·activity 缓刑是暂缓实施惩罚=延期是暂缓实施行

fast·eat=moratorium·act 斋戒是暂停吃饭=延期是暂停行动
moratorium·activity=respite·labor=tourniquet·bleed ing
延期是暂停活动=休息是暂停劳动=止血器使出血暂停(延期和正常)

morbid [·bid] adj. 疾病的,病态的
(反)morbid ◆ hale salubrious wholesome 病态的 ◆ 健康的
morbid ◆ verdant 病态的 ◆ 青翠的
(记)谐音:毛病

mordant [] adj. 讥讽的,尖酸的(biting and caustic in thought, manner, or style·incisive)
(反)mordant ◆ genial 尖酸的 ◆ 和蔼的
(同)caustic, scathing, trenchant

list 22 moribund --------- obsolete
moribund [] adj. 即将结束的,垂死的(being in the state of dying·approaching death)
(反)moribund ◆ beginningnascent 即将结束的 ◆ 开端初生的
moribund ◆ increasingly vital 垂死的 ◆ 日益充满生机的
moribund ◆ current 垂死的 ◆ 现存的(occurring in or existing at the present time)

morose [] adj.脾气坏的,不高兴的 (having a sullen and gloomy disposition)
(反)morose ◆ cheerful jovial jocundsanguine lighthearted
郁闷的 ◆ 高兴的 快活的 欢乐的 乐天的 快乐的
rejoiced ◆ morose 高兴的 ◆ 忧郁的
(同)sullen, crabbed, dour, gloomy, glum, saturnine, sulky, surly

mortgage [  ] v. 抵押
(记)mort(死亡)+gage(= pledge抵押品)→以死亡作抵押

mortar [] n. 小臼,乳钵(a strong vessel in which material is poundedrubbed with a pestle)
(类)hammer·anvil=pestle·mortar 铁锤·铁砧=杵·小臼(配对工具)
mortar·grind=vat·dye 小臼:碾碎=染缸:染色(容器及其用途)

mosaic [] n.镶嵌图案(一种装饰品由某种材料拼成的图)
(类)mosaic·tile=image·pixel=jigsaw· piece
镶嵌图案·(装饰用)瓷砖=图象·象素=拼板玩具·板块(组成关系)
(记)音译:马赛克,意为瓷砖。

mosque [] n. 清真寺(a building used for public worship by muslims)
(类)spire·church=minaret·mosque 塔尖·教堂=尖塔·清真寺(顶和建筑物)

moth-eaten adj. 虫蛀的,过时的
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(反)moth-eaten ◆ fresh and new 虫蛀的, 破旧的, 过时的 ◆ 崭新的

motile [] adj. 能动的,有自动力的(exhibiting or capable of movement)
(反)motility ◆ stasis 运动 ◆ 静止

motivate [] v. 促使,激发(to provide with a motive·impel)
(类)exculpatory·absolve=motivational·stir 辩明无罪的·赦免=激发的·激动(行为及结
果)
exhortation·motivate=invective·discredit 规劝·激励=痛骂·不信任(前者表达后者)
fungi·ecologist=motivation·psychologist 菌类·生态学者=行为的动机·心理学家
(同)provoke, excite, galvanize, innervate, innerve, move, pique, quicken, rouse, stimulate
(例)questions that excite and motivate youth

motley [] adj. 杂色的,混杂的(variegated in colorcomposed of diverse elements)
(反)motley ◆ colorlessunique unvaried 杂色的 ◆ 无色的唯一的,单色没变化的
(同) variegated, dappled, discolor, multicolor, multihued, versicolored

mottle [] vt. 使成杂色 (to mark with spots of different color or shades of color as if stained)
(类)striated·groove=mottled·spot 有条纹的·条纹=斑驳的·斑点(形修饰名)
(反)mottle ◆ blanch 使成杂色 ◆ 使变白
mottled ◆ homogenious solidary 斑驳的 ◆ 均匀的 一致的

motto [  ] n. 座右铭
(类)epitaph·tombstone=motto·shield 墓志铭刻在墓碑上=座右铭刻在盾牌上

mournful [] adj. 悲恸的,悲哀的(causing sorrow or melancholy:gloomy)
(反)jovial ◆ mournful 快活的 ◆ 悲恸的
revelry ◆ mournfulness 狂欢 ◆ 悲哀

movement [] n. 乐章
(类)stanza·poem=movement·orchestra
诗节是诗歌写作的一种结构方式=乐章是管弦乐队演奏的一种结构方式

muddy [] adj. 浑浊的,不明晰的(lacking in clarity or brightness:cloudy, dull)
(反)muddy ◆ clarity 浑浊的 ◆ 清晰

muffle [] vt. 围裹(to wrap up so as to conceal or protect)压低声音(to deaden the sound of)
(类)muffle·sound=assuage·grief 压低声音·声音=缓和·悲痛
muffler·neck=mitten·hand 围巾·脖子=手套·手
【注】muffler :a scarf worn around the neck 围巾(也做消音器)
(反)muffled ◆ plangent resonant 声音低沉的 ◆ 轰鸣的声音洪亮的

muggy [ ] adj. 闷热的(warm and extremely humid)
(记)mug杯子,罐子 联想:闷在罐子里→闷热的

mulish [] adj. 骡的,执拗的,顽固的(unreasonably and inflexibly obstinate)
(类)despicable·value=mulish·flexible 可鄙的·重要性=执拗的·灵活的 (反义)
(反)mulish ◆ flexiblepliant 顽固的 ◆ 灵活的易受影响的
(同)obstinate,bullheaded, headstrong, refractory, self-willed, stiff-necked, stubborn,
wrongheaded

mumble [] vt. vi. 喃喃而语,咕哝(to utter with a low inarticulate voice)
(反)enunciate ◆ mumble (清楚地)表达 ◆ 咕哝
(同)murmur
(例)embarrassed, he mumbled an apology

mundane [] adj. 尘世的,世俗的(worldly as opposed to spiritual); 平凡的
( commonplace)
(反)mundane ◆ extraordinary exoticunusual 平凡的 ◆ 非凡的 奇异的 不寻常的
mundane ◆ spiritual unearthly 世俗的 ◆ 精神的 非尘世的,怪异的
(同)commonplace ,earthly, earthy, terrene, terrestrial, uncelestial, worldly
(例)the mundane concerns of day-to-day life

munificent [] adj. 慷慨的,丰厚的(characterized by great liberality or generosity)
(类)miser·munificent=zealot·blasé 守财奴·慷慨的=热心者·厌烦于亨乐(反面特征)
(反)munificence ◆ stinginess 慷慨 ◆ 小气
(同)liberal, bounteous, freehanded, generous

mural [] adj. 墙壁的n. 壁画,壁饰(a mural work of art as a painting)
(类)petrography·rock=mural·wall 岩相学·岩石=壁画·墙 (事物及其对象)

murky [] adj. 黑暗的,朦胧的(dark and gloomy; thick with fog; vague)
(反)murky ◆ clear limpid pellucid 朦胧的 ◆ 清澈的,清晰的

murmur [] n. v. 低语(a low indistinct but often continuous sound)
(类)croon·sing=murmur·speak 低声歌唱·歌唱=低声说话·说话
glimmer·dazzle=murmur·resound 闪光·受强光而目眩=低声说话·响亮地说出(程度)

musket [  ] n.步枪;早期火枪
(类)daguerreotype·photograph=musket·firearm 早期银板照相法·照相=早期火枪·火枪

mutate [] v. (使)改变(to cause to undergo change)
(反)mutate ◆ remain the same 改变 ◆ 不变
(同)transform, commute, metamorphose, transfigure, transmute

mute [] vt. 减弱„的声音(to muffle, reduce, or eliminate the sound of)使柔和(to tone down:
soften, subdue)
(类)muted·color=muffled·sound 使颜色柔和=使声音降低
(反)mute ◆ amplify 减弱声音 ◆ 扩大声音

mutiny [] n. 叛变,兵变

mutter [] v. 咕哝, 嘀咕(to utter sounds or words indistinctly or with a low voice)
(类)mutter·indistinct=drone·monotonous 嘀咕·不清楚的=嗡嗡声·单调的(正面特征)
(反)mutter ◆ speak distinctly 说话嘀咕不清楚 ◆ 说话清楚

myopic [] adj. 近视的,缺乏远见的(a lack of foresight or discernment)
(反)myopic ◆ discerning 缺乏远见的 ◆ 有辨别力的
myopia ◆ prescience 短见 ◆ 预见
(例)so myopic that he used glasses even to read

myriad [] adj. 无数的,大量的(having innumerable aspects or elements)
(类)myriad·number=everlasting·duration 无数的·数字=永恒的·持续时间
(反)myriad ◆ fewscarcescanty 无数的 ◆ 很少的缺乏的

nadir [] n. 最低点(the lowest point)
(反)nadir ◆ summitacme 最低点 ◆ 顶点
nadir ◆ topmost point 最低点 ◆ 最高点

nag [  ] v. 不断找岔,抱怨(to annoy by constant scolding, complaining, or urging)
naive [] adj. 天真的,纯朴的(deficient in worldly wisdom or informed judgment; credulous)
(类)guile·naif=tardy·prompt 狡诈·天真=拖拉·迅速
(反)worldly ◆ naïve 世故的 ◆ 纯朴的

narcissism [] n. 自恋(love of or sexual desire for one's own body)
(类)narcissist·self absorbed=sycophant·obsequious 自恋者·自我迷恋的=马屁精·谄
媚的
narcissism·love=guilt·blame 自恋是爱自己=自责是谴责自己

nascent [] adj. 新生的(coming or having recently come into existence)
(反)fully established 完全确立的 moribund将死的 mature 成熟的

natty [] adj. 整洁的,时髦的(trimly neat and tidy·smart)
(反)natty ◆ sloppy slovenly 整洁的 ◆ 邋遢的

nauseate [] v. 使厌恶,使作呕(to feel disgust)
(类)vertigo·nauseate= treat·cure 眩晕·恶心=治疗·痊愈(动作及其结果)

nautical [  ] adj. 海员的,航海的
(类)astrolabe·nautical=colander·culinary 星盘·航海的=滤器·厨房用的
naysay [] n. 拒绝(denial, refusal)
(反)concur ◆ naysay 同意 ◆ 拒绝

nebulous [] adj. 模糊的(indistinct, vague),星云的
(反)nebulous ◆ distinct unambiguous clear cut 模糊的 ◆ 明显的 明确的 清楚的
(记)nebul(云)参考:nebula 星云

needy [] adj. 贫困的(being in want)
(反)affluent ◆ needy 富有的 ◆ 贫困的

nefarious [] adj.违法的,邪恶的(flagrantly wicked or impious·evil)
(类)nefarious·wickedness=generous·liberality 邪恶的·邪恶=慷慨的·心胸开阔 (同义)
(反)nefarious ◆ above reproachvirtuous beneficial exemplary
邪恶的 ◆ 无可指责的/品德高尚的 仁慈的 模范的

negation [] n. 否定, 拒绝(a negative statement, judgment, or doctrine)
(反)negation ◆ affirmation 否定 ◆ 肯定

negligence [] n. 疏忽(the quality or state of being not taking prudent care)
(反)negligence ◆ care 疏忽 ◆ 注意

negligible[] adj. 可以忽略的,微不足道的
neologism [] n. 新语(a new word, usage, or expression)
(反)neologism ◆ archaism well-established expression 新语 ◆ 古语 旧表达法
(记)neo新 参考:neolithic新石器时代的neophyte新手neonate新生儿

negotiate [] vi. 商议,谈判
(类)clog·drainage=stalemate·negotiations 堵塞·下水道=僵局·谈判 (事物及其特殊状
态)
negotiator·agreement= mediation·compromise 谈判者·协议=调停者·妥协(目的)
(反)tenacious ◆ negotiable 固执的 ◆ 可商量的

neophyte [] n.初学者,新信徒(a new convert·proselyte)
(类)inexper ience·neophyte=irresponsibility·wastrel
无经验·新信徒,开始者=不承担责任的人·败家子
neophyte·experience=boor·sensitivity 新信徒无阅历=粗野的人不敏感

nepotism [] n.裙带关系,偏袒亲属(favoritism as in appointment to a job based on
kinship)
(类)nepotism·relative=cronyism·friend 裙带关系·亲戚=任人唯亲·朋友(动宾)
nepotism·kinship=jingoist· nationality裙带关系是不正常爱亲戚=沙文主义是不正常爱国


nerve [] vt. 鼓起勇气(to give strength or courage to ) n. 神经,胆量
(反)appall ◆ nerve 使胆寒 ◆ 鼓起勇气
nervy ◆ diffident 有勇气的 ◆ 缺乏自信的

nettle [] v. 烦忧,激恼(to arouse to sharp but transitory annoyance or anger)
(反)nettle ◆ conciliate mollify 激怒 ◆ 安抚

neutralize [] v.中和,使失效
(类)sooth·angerneutralize·acid抚慰消除愤怒=中和消除酸性

nicety n准确,精确;精致
(类)nicety·precisio n=illusion·fantasy准确对准确=幻想对幻想(同义)

nexus [] n. 连结;核心(connection,link; a connected group or series; center, focus)
(反)nexus ◆ disconnected components 相互连结的一组,一系列 ◆ 不连贯的成分
nexus ◆ trivial point 核心 ◆ 微不足道的问题

nibble [] v. 小口咬(to eat or chew in small bits)
(类)quaff·sip=gobble·nibble 痛饮·啜饮=狼吞虎咽·小口咬

nihilism [ ] n. 虚无主义, 极端怀疑论
(记)nihil(无,虚无) 参考:annihilate消灭,歼灭

nil [] n.. 零(NOTHING, ZERO)
(类)nil·quantity=vacuum·matter 零没有数量=真空没有:物质
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nip [] v. 一口饮酒(to take liquor in nips)
(类)nip·eat=jot·write 小口饮酒·吃=略记·写(程度)

nitpick [] v. 挑剔,吹毛求疵
(类)fluent·glib=meticulous·nitpickfinicky
流利的·口齿伶俐的=很仔细的·吹毛求疵/苛求的(褒贬程度)
nitpick·criticize=cavil·object 吹毛求疵·批评=苛责·反对(过分的后者导致前者)
nitpicker·criticize=p reacher·sermon=quibbler·cavil
吹毛求疵者·责备=传教士·布道=吹毛求疵的人·吹毛求疵(正面特征)

nocturnal [] adj. 夜间发生的,夜曲的(of, relating to, or occurring in the night)
(反)nocturnal ◆ happen during daytime diurnal 夜间发生的 ◆ 白天发生的 每日的,昼间

(记)noc=(knock敲)联想:半夜敲门

noisome [] adj. 有害的,有毒的(noxious, harmful) 恶臭的(offensive to the senses and
especially to the sense of smell) 非常讨厌的(highly obnoxious or objectionable)
(反)noisome ◆ appealing pleasant 令人讨厌的 ◆ 有吸引力的令人愉快的
noisome ◆ attractively fragrant 恶臭的 ◆ 具有迷人香味的
noisome ◆ beneficial healthy 有害的 ◆ 有益的令人愉快的健康的

nomad [] n. 流浪者, 游牧民(a member of a people who have no fixed residence)
(类)nomad·domicile=freelancer·employer 游牧民无固定住所=自由作家无顾主
(反)nomadic ◆ settled 游牧的 ◆ 定居的

nomenclature [] n. 名称,术语,专门名词
nominal [] adj. 名义上的,不重要的(trifling, insignificant)
(类)nominal·significance=disjunctive·unity 有名无实的缺乏重要性=分离的缺乏统一
(记)nomin(名称)参考:nominate提名,任命

nonchalant [] adj. 冷漠的(having an air of easy unconcern or indifference)
(类)anonymous·identify=nonchalant·excite 匿名的难以识别=冷漠的难以激动

nondescript [] adj. 没有特征的,平凡的(lacking distinctive or interesting qualities)
(反)nondescript ◆ conspicuous remarkablestriking 平凡的 ◆ 引人注目的非凡的惊人


nonentity [] n. 不存在,不重要之人(a person of little consequence or significance)
(类)dilettante·commitment=nonentity·consequence
业余爱好者缺乏义务=不重要之人缺乏重要性
(反)mogul ◆ nonentity 显要人物 ◆ 不重要的人

nonplus [] vt. 使困惑,使进退两难(to put at a loss as to what to do;bewilder)
(类)infuriate·rage=nonplus·perplexity 激怒使人大怒=使困惑使人困惑(行为及其影响)

nonsense [] n. 胡言乱语(words having no meaning or conveying no intelligible ideas)
(类)nonsensical·drivel=pompous·bombast 胡言乱语的·胡言乱语=虚夸的·夸大的言词

nostalgia [ ] n. 思乡病;恋旧,怀旧
(记)nost(家)+alg痛 →想家想到心痛→思乡病
nostrum [  ] n. 秘方
notch [] vt. 刻痕(to cut or make a notcha usually v-shaped depression in an edge or surface)
(反)serrated ◆ without notches 齿状的 ◆ 没有刻痕的
(例)There was a notch “早”in the table of Luxun.

notoriety [  ] 声名狼藉,恶名昭彰(the quality or condition of being notorious; ill
fame)

novelty [] n. 新奇(something new or unusual)
( 类)threadbaretimeworn·novelty=labyrinthine·directne ss 陈旧的·新奇事物=曲折的·笔

ballad·stanza=novel·chapter 民歌·节,段=小说·章;回 (组成关系)
(反)novel ◆ banal timeworn 新颖的 ◆ 陈腐的 陈旧的

noxious [] adj. 有害的,有毒的(physically harmful or destructive to living beings)
(反)noxious ◆ beneficialsalubrious 有害的 ◆ 有益的有益健康的
(例)noxious wastes that poison our streams

nuance [] n. 细微的差异(a subtle distinction or variation)
(类)nuance·distinction=hint·suggestion 细微差异·差别=暗示·显示 (程度)
(反)nuance ◆ patent difference lack of subtlety sharp distinction patent
细微的差异 ◆ 明显的差别 缺乏精妙 明显的差别 明显的

nucleate [] v. 使„聚集成核(to form into a nucleus)
(反)nucleate ◆ disseminate scatter 聚集成核 ◆ 散布 分散

nudge [] n. v. 用肘轻推,引起注意(seek the attention of by a push of the elbow)
(类)doze·sleep=nudge·prod 瞌睡·睡觉=轻推·推动 (程度)
butt·head=nudge·elbow 以头抵撞·头=用肘轻推·肘 (动作及其身体部位)

nullify [  ] v. 使无效;废除;抵消
(记)null(零,空) 参考:nullity无效

nugatory [] adj. 无关紧要的(of little or no consequence;trifling, inconsequential)
(反)nugatory ◆ consequential 无关紧要的 ◆ 重要的

nurture [] vt. 抚育,给„营养(to supply with nourishment)
(类)nurture·child··cultivate·crop 抚育:小孩=培养:农作物
(反)nurture ◆ withhold sustenance from 提供营养物 ◆ 停止提供营养物
nurture ◆ impede stunt 抚育 ◆ 阻止阻碍生长
disregard ◆ nurture 忽略,漠视 ◆ 培育,教育

oasis [] n. 沙漠绿洲 (a fertile or green area in an arid region as a desert)
(类)glade·wood=oasis·desert 林间空地·树林=绿洲·沙漠

oath [] n. 誓言, 宣誓(solemn promise)
(类)oath·promise=contract·agreement 誓言·允诺=合同·协议(前者比后者正式)

(例)something as a promise corroborated by an oath

obdurate [] adj. 固执的,执拗的(resistant to persuasion or softening influences);冷酷
(类)energetic·frenetic=firm·obdurate=frugal·penur ious
精力旺盛的·狂乱的=坚定的·顽固的=节俭的·吝啬的(褒贬程度)
firmness·obdurate=carefulness·meticulous
坚定·执迷不悟的=仔细的·谨小慎微的(褒贬程度)
penitent·obdurate=skeptic·credulous 悔过者·顽固的=怀疑者·轻信的(不容易)
obdurate·budge=lachrymose·cheer 固执的·移动=爱哭的·欢呼
obdurate·move=irrepressible·quell 冷酷无情的难以打动=镇压不住的难以镇

(反)obdurate ◆ amenable complaisantflexiblepliable 执拗的 ◆ 温顺的
toward ◆ obdurate 和顺的 ◆ 顽固的
【注:toward :propitious, favoring 顺利的,和顺的 例a toward breeze 和顺的微风】

obedient [] adj. 服从的,顺从的(submissive to the restraint or command of authority)
(反)obedient ◆ contumacious imperial 顺从的 ◆ 顽固的最高权力的

obeisance [] n. 鞠躬,敬礼(a movement of the body made in token of
表示
respect or
submission)
(类)obeisant·esteem=embrace·affection 鞠躬·尊敬=拥抱·爱 (行为及其表达内容)
(反)obeisant ◆ impertinent impudent imperious 恭敬的 ◆ 不礼貌的放肆无礼的专横的
(同)bow , honor, deference, homage, reverence

obfuscate [] v. 使困惑,使迷惑(to make obscure)
(类)cowardice·intimidate=perplexity·obfuscate 懦弱容易被胁迫=困惑容易被迷惑
(反)obfuscate ◆ demystify elucidate illuminate clarify explain clearly 使迷惑 ◆ 澄清,
阐明
(反)obfuscated obfusticated ◆ lucid 困惑的 ◆ 清晰的
(同)obscure, adumbrate, becloud, befog, darken, dim, gloom
(记)ob(强调)+fusc(=dark黑暗)+ate→黑暗中摸索→迷惑,困惑
参考:confuse 使糊涂 fuscous暗褐色的

obituary [] n. 讣告(a notice of a person's death usually with a short biographical
account)
(类)roster·staff=obituary·death 花名册记录职员=讣告记录死亡

objectionable a. 该反对的,有异议的,讨厌的
objective n. 目标,宗旨(an aim,goal,or end of action);客观的
obligatory [] adj. 强制性的,必须的(binding in law or conscience; mandatory,
required)
(反)obligatory ◆ discretionary selective elective 强制性的 ◆ 自由选择的
(记)来自 oblige v. 迫使 参考:obligation义务

obliging [] adj. 乐于助人的(willing to do favors)
(类)visionary·idealistic=officious·obliging
空想的·空想主义的=好管闲事的·乐于助人的(褒贬)
(同)amiable, complaisant, good-humored, good-natured, good- tempered, lenient, mild
(记)由obligation“义务”而来。由 被迫和义务转为乐于助人大家不要奇怪,汉语也有这样的
用法,
如:义务为大家修车。不是被迫而是出于乐于助人。

oblique [] adj. 倾斜的,间接的(not straightforward:indirect)
(反)oblique ◆ direct 倾斜的 ◆ 笔直的
(记)ob(不)+ lique(谐音:立刻)→不立刻→不直接→间接的

obliterate [] v. 涂掉,删除(to remove from existence)
(类)inspire·infuse=obliterate·remove 鼓舞·鼓舞=删除·除去(同义)
ineffable·description=irradicable·obliterate 不能说的·描述=不能根除的·删除
inexpurgate ◆ obliterate 无法除去 ◆ 除去
(同)erase, efface, expunge, wipe (out)
(记)ob(=over在„之上)+liter(=letter字母)→在字母之上覆 盖东西→涂掉,删掉

oblivious [] adj. 健忘的,忘记的(lacking remembrance, memory, or mindful attention)
(类)erudite·fathom=oblivious·neglect 博学的·看穿=健忘的·忽略(正面特征)
【注】fathom :v. to penetrate and come to understand 看穿,看透
例如:He couldn't fathom the problem 他不能看透这个问题
(反)oblivious ◆ mindful vigilant 缺乏注意的 ◆ 留意的机警的
oblivious ◆ cognizant 忘记的 ◆ 知晓的(fully informed)
(同)ignorant, incognizant, inconversant, unacquainted, unaware, uninformed
(例)She was oblivious to our warnings. 她忘了我们的提醒
(记)ob(不)+livi(=live活跃的)→大脑不活跃的→健忘的,忘记的

oblivion [  ] n. 被遗忘的状态,湮没无闻

obloquy [] n. 谩骂,诽谤(abusively detractive language or utterance; calumny)
(反)adulation ◆ obloquy 奉承 ◆ 漫骂
(同)abuse, contumely, invective, scurrility, vituperation

obscure [] adj. 暗的,模糊的,无名的(not clearly seen or easily distinguished)v. 使模糊
(反)obscure ◆ explicit manifest 模糊的 ◆ 明晰的明显的
obscure ◆ elucidate 使含糊 ◆ 阐明
legendary ◆ obscure 有名的 ◆ 无名的
obscurity ◆ celebrity 默默无闻的 ◆ 名人
obscurity ◆ clarity 模糊 ◆ 清晰
certitude ◆ obscurity 确实 ◆ 含糊
(同)faint, dark, vague, enigmatic, cryptic, ambiguous, equivocal

obsequious [] adj. 谄媚的,奉承的,顺从的(marked by or a fawning attentiveness)
(类)condescending·patronize=obsequious·fawn 屈尊的· 屈尊=顺从的·巴结(形动同
义)
sycophantic·obsequiou s=rebellious·resurgent阿谀的·奉承的=反叛的·起义的(同义)
obsequious·fawn=compliant·yield 奉承的·巴结=顺从的·屈服 (正面特征)
obsequious·attentiveness=parsimonious·f rugality 献媚的·关心的=吝啬·节俭(褒贬)
(反)supercilious ◆ obsequious 傲慢的 ◆ 顺从的
(同)subservient, menial, obeisant, servile

observatory [] n. 天文台
(类)conservatory·music=s eminary·theology=observatory·astronomy
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音乐学院·音乐=神学院·神学=天文台·天文学

obsess [] vt .迷住;使困窘,使烦扰(to haunt or excessively preoccupy the mind of)
(类)agonized·distress=obsessed·concern 极大痛苦的·苦恼=困扰的·关心(程度)
firm·intransigent=concerned·obsessed 坚定的·不妥协的=担心的·关心的(程度)
obsessed·attracted=rash·adventurous 着迷的·被吸引的=轻率的·冒险的(程度)
obsessed·attracted=intimate·close 着迷的·被吸引的=亲密的·接近的(程度)
(反)obsession ◆ intense disgust 迷住 ◆ 极度厌恶

obsolete [  ] adj. 废弃的,淘汰的;过时的,老式的
list 23 obstinate -------parrot
obstinate [] adj. 固执的, 倔强的(perversely adhering to an opinion, purpose, or course)
(类)unflappable·upset=obstinate·persuade 镇定的·使慌乱=倔强的·说服 (不容易被)
firm· obstinate=supple·spineless=thin·emaciated
坚定·顽固=顺从的·没有骨气的=瘦的·瘦弱的(褒贬)
(反)obstinacy ◆ tractability 固执 ◆ 温顺
obstinate ◆ tractable 固执的 ◆ 温顺的
(同)bullheaded, closed-minded, hardheaded, headstrong, intractable, intransigent, mulish,
pertinacious, perverse, pervicacious, refractory, stubborn, unpliable, unpliant,
unyielding

obstreperous [ ] 不听话的,任性的(stubbornly resistant to control;unruly);吵
闹的
(反)disciplined守纪律的

obstruct [] v. 阻碍,阻塞(to hinder from passage, action, or operation)
(反)obstruct ◆ facilitate 阻碍 ◆ 促进
occluded ◆ unobstructed 闭塞的 ◆ 开放的
obstructed ◆ unocclude 阻塞的 ◆ 开放的
abet ◆ obstruct 教唆 ◆ 阻止
obstructionist ◆ one who facilitates 防碍者 ◆ 促进者
(同)hinder, bar, block, brake, dam, impede, overslaugh

obtuse [] adj. 愚笨的,不锐利的(lacking sharpness or quickness of sensibility or intellect)
(类)impertinent·propriety=keen·obtuseness 鲁莽的·适当=敏锐的·迟钝(形名反义)
(反)obtuse ◆ insightful 愚笨的 ◆ 有深刻见解的

obviate [] vt. 除去,排除(to anticipate and prevent or make unnecessary)
(类)emulate·exemplary=obviate·unnecessary 效仿·可效仿的=除去·不必要的
obviate·unnecessary =reduce·smaller 排除使不必要=减少使更小(行为及其结果)

occlude [] vt. 阻塞,闭塞(to close up or block off:obstruct)
(反)occluded ◆ unobstructed 闭塞的 ◆ 不闭塞的
obstructed ◆ unocclude 阻碍的 ◆ 不阻塞的
(同)choke, clog, close, congest, obstruct

occult [] adj. 神秘的,不可思议的(not easily apprehended or understood)
(反)occult ◆ bare manifest patent readily fathomable
神秘的 ◆ 暴露的 明显的 明显的 可理解的
(同)recondite, abstruse, esoteric, hermetic, profound, secret

ode [] n. 颂诗,赋(a lyric poem marked by exaltation of feeling and style, varying length of line,
and complexity of stanza forms)
(类)chord·tone=ode·poem 和弦·曲调=颂诗·诗 (种属)
ode·poetry=spoof·parody 颂诗·诗=讽刺诗·讽刺作品

odium [] n. 憎恶,讨厌(hatred and condemnation accompanied by loathing or contempt)
(反)odium ◆ esteem hankering infatuation 憎恨 ◆ 迷恋 渴望 着迷
(同)detestation disgrace, discredit, disesteem, dishonor, disrepute, ignominy, infamy, obloquy,
opprobrium

offbeat [] adj. 不平常的,离奇的(eccentric, unconventional)
(反)offbeat ◆ conventional 反传统的 ◆ 传统的
offbeat ◆ bathetic hackneyed 离奇的 ◆ 平庸的

offhand [] adj. 即席的,无准备的(without premeditation or preparation·extempore)
(反)offhand ◆ premeditated 即兴的 ◆ 事先谋划的
(同)extemporary, extempore, impromptu, improvised

officious [] adj.多管嫌事的,好忠告人的(meddlesome)
(类)attentive·officious=refined·snobbish 留意的·多管闲事的=雅致的·俗不可耐的
officious·meddle=disaffected·rebel 多管闲事的·干涉=有叛意的·背叛
visionary·idealistic=officious·obliging 空想的·空想主义的=多管闲事的·乐于助人

officious·attentive=parsimony·frugal 多管闲事的·留意的=吝啬·节俭(褒贬程度)

offish [] adj. 冷淡的(somewhat cold and reserved·standoffish)
(反)offish ◆ sociable 冷漠的 ◆ 友善的
(同)aloof, insociable, reserved, solitary, standoffish, unapproachable, withdrawn

off-key adj. 走调的(varying in pitch from the proper tone of a melody)不规则的(irregular)
(反)off-key ◆ at the proper pitch 走调的 ◆ 调子正确的

offset [  ] v. 抵消,弥补(to counterbalance, counteract, or compensate for)
(记)fringe benefits designed to offset low salaries. 用以补偿低工资的额外福利

olfaction [] n. 嗅觉(the sense of smell)
(类)olfaction·odor=gustation·flavor 嗅觉能闻到气味=味觉能品尝滋味

oligarch [  ] n. 寡头政治执政者
ominous [] adj.预兆的, 恶兆的, 不吉利的(being or exhibiting an omen:portentous; especially:
foreboding or foreshowing evil:inauspicious)
(反)auspicious ◆ ominous 吉兆的 ◆ 不吉利的
(同)apocalyptic, baleful, baneful, inauspicious, threatening, unpropitious

omniscient [] adj. 全知的,无所不知的(having infinite awarenessunderstanding
insight)
(反)vacuous ◆ omniscient 空洞的 ◆ 全知的

onerous [] adj. 繁重的,费力的(involving, imposing, or constituting a burden:troublesome)
(反)onerous ◆ requiring little effort 费力的 ◆ 省力气的

opaque [] adj. 不透明的(exhibiting opacity),难懂的
(类)slack·tension=opaque·translucence 松弛的·拉紧=不透明的·半透明(形名反义)
opacity·light=impermeabi lity·fluid=nonporous·liquid
不透明·光线=不可渗透·流体=无孔的·液体(不可穿越关系)
(反)opacity ◆ claritydiaphanoustransparency 不透明 ◆ 透明
opaqueness ◆ clarity 不透明性 ◆ 透明
(同)obscure, ambiguous, equivocal, nubilous, uncertain, unintelligible, vague
(记)谐音:欧佩克 联想:欧佩克石油组织生产石油,由石油推出“不透明的”

opine [] vt. 表达观点(to express opinions)
(类)augur·predict=pundit·opine= recidivism·relapse
占卜师·预言=权威·表达观点=重犯·再发(正面特征)

opportune [] adj. 合适的,适当的(suitable or convenient for a particular occurrence)
(类)opportune·con venience=impermanent·transience 适当的·方便=短暂的·顷刻
(反)opportune ◆ inappropriateinconvenient untimely 适当的 ◆ 不适当的不便的不合时
宜的
(派)opportunistic a. 机会主义的,投机取巧的

opprobrious [] adj. 无礼的,粗野的(expressive of opprobrium·scurrilous)
(反)opprobrious ◆ irreproachable 无礼的 ◆ 无过失的
opprobrium ◆ good repute 不名誉 ◆ 好名声
(同)invective, scurrile, scurrilous, vituperative

oppugn [  ] vt. 责难,反驳,质疑
oracle [] n. 神谕(a person through whom a deity is believed to speak)
(类)mentor·guidance=oracle·prophecy 导师·指导=神谕·预言
(同)revelation, apocalypse, prophecy, vision

oration [] n. 演说,致辞(an elaborate discourse delivered in a formal and dignified
manner)
(类)oration·heard=novel·read 演说·能听到=小说·能读

ordeal [] n. 苦难经历,折磨煎熬(a severe trial or experience)
orient [] vt. 使适应, 确定方向(get one's bearings);adj. 上升的
(反)orient ◆ confuse 确定方向 ◆ 使迷惑

original [] adj. 最初的,原始的,有创意的(not secondary, derivative, or imitative)
(类)babble·sense=parrot·originality 胡言乱语缺乏理性=鹦鹉学舌缺乏创新
(反)original ◆ commonplace banaltrite 有创意的 ◆ 普通的陈腐的
pastiche ◆ original work 仿作 ◆ 原创
(同)inventive, creative, deviceful, ingenious, innovational

ornithology [] n. 鸟类学(a branch of zoology dealing with birds)
(类)ornithology·eagle=astronomy·planet 鸟类学·鹰=天文学·行星

orthodoxy [] n. 信仰正统,正教(quality of being conforming to established doctrine)
(类)religion·devoutness=canon·orthodoxy
信仰·虔诚=正统经典·信仰正统(后者致力于前者)
【注:devout:devoted to religion or to religious duties or exercises】
(类)dissenter·orthodox=maverick·group 反对者脱离正统=特立独行者脱离团体

oscillate [] v. 使振动,使动摇;犹豫(vary between opposing beliefs,feelings,or theories)
(反)oscillate ◆ remain static 振动 ◆ 静止
oscillation ◆ absence of variation 犹豫 ◆ 不变
(同)swing, pendulate, sway

ossify [] v.硬化,僵化(to become hardened or conventional and opposed to change)
(类)depreciation·value=ossification·flexibility 贬值·重要=僵化·灵活 (反义)
ligneous·wood=osseous·bone 木质的:木头=骨质的:骨头
(反)ossified ◆ amenable to change 僵化的 ◆ 顺应变化的
ossify ◆ make pliant 硬化 ◆ 使柔软
ossify ◆ transcend conventions 僵化 ◆ 超越传统

ostentatious [] adj. 卖弄的,夸耀的(marked by or fond of conspicuous or
vainglorious and sometimes pretentious display)
(反)ostensible ◆ inapparent 明显的 ◆ 不明显的
ostentation ◆ artlessness austerity modesty 卖弄 ◆ 朴实 朴素 谦逊
ostentatious ◆ modest 卖弄的 ◆ 谦让的
(同)showy, flamboyant, pretentious, splashy

ostracize [  ] n. 贝壳放逐,排斥(exclusion by general consent from common privileges)
(类)pariah·ostracize=prisoner·confine 贱民被驱逐=囚犯被囚禁
(反)ostracize ◆ take in 驱逐 ◆ 接纳
ostracize ◆ includeembrace welcome 排斥 ◆ 包容包含欢迎
(记)与oyster(牡蛎)同源ostra(贝壳、瓦片);古希腊将贝壳作为选票 来决定是否驱逐某人

oust [] vt. 剥夺,驱逐(to remove from or dispossess of property by legal action or force)
(反)instate ◆ oust 任命 ◆ 剥夺
(同)deprive, bereave, dispossess, divest

outfit n. 整套服装(a set of clothing, often with accessories);全套装备
(类)trade·carpentry=clothing·outfit 职业·木工=服装·整套服装(种属)
【注:trade :an occupation, especially one requiring skilled labor: 职业,尤指需要技术的】
(例)The football team were wearing orange outfits.
这个足球队的队员穿着清一色的橘黄色运动服。

outgoing [] a dj. 外向的,爱社交的(openly friendly and responsive·extroverted)
(类)extrovert·outgoing=perfectionist·exacting
性格外向者·外向的=追求完美者·要求苛刻的(正面特征)

outlandish [] adj. 古怪的, 奇异的(strikingly out of the ordinary:bizarre)
(反)outlandish ◆ conventional 古怪的 ◆ 常规的

outmaneuver [] v. 以策略制胜;智取(to maneuver with better effect than; outwit)
(反)outmaneuver ◆ yield 智取 ◆ 屈服
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outset [] n.开端, 开始(beginning, start)
(反)outset ◆ termination 开端 ◆ 终止

outspoken [ ] adj. 直言的,坦率的,毫无保留地表示的
outstrip [ ] v. 超过,胜出
(例)overtake and outstrip赶上并超过
outwit [] v. 瞒骗, 以智取胜(to get the better of by superior cleverness)
(类)taunt·provoke=plot·outwit 逗弄目的是刺激=谋划目的是以智取胜

ovation [  ] n. 热烈鼓掌,欢呼
overbearing [] adj. 傲慢的(harshly and haughtily arrogant)
(反)overbearing ◆ meek unassuming 傲慢的 ◆ 谦逊的

overlap [] vt. 重叠,重复(to occupy the same area in part:lap over)
(类)infinite·exhaust=discrete·overlap 无限的·穷尽=离散的·重叠 (形动反义)
inconsonant·concord=scatter·overlap 不协调的·一致的=分散的·重叠的(反义)

overly [] ad. 过度地,极度地
(例)overly protective. 过度防护的

override [  ] v. 凌驾,不理会,撤销,不顾
(派)overriding adj. 1.压倒一切的,首要的 2.盛气凌人的,傲慢的

overrule [  ] v. 驳回,否决;统治,支配(to rule over)

oversight [  ] n. 疏忽,失察;监督,照管
(例)The oversight is not imputable to the person on the night shift.
这个疏忽不能怪值夜班的人。

overt [] adj.公开的,非秘密的(open to view:manifest)
(类)clandestine·secretly=overt·openly 秘密的·秘密地=公然的·公然地 (形副同义)
(反)shadowy ◆ overt 朦胧的 ◆ 明显的

overture [] n. 前奏曲,序曲(something introductory·prelude)
(类)overture preamble·introduction=caveat·warningcautionary 序曲·介绍=警戒·警

overture·symphony=preface·book 序曲·交响乐=前言·书(事物的开始)
overture·opera=preamble·statute 序曲·歌剧=导言·.法令
(反)coda ◆ overture 乐章结尾 ◆ 前奏
(同)introduction, foreword, preamble, preface, prelude, prologue

oxymoron [·] n. 矛盾修饰法(a combination of contradictory or incongruous words)
(类)apophasis·claim=oxymoron·paradox 委婉表述与表述有关=矛盾修饰法与矛盾有关
oxymoron·contradictory=mishap·catastrophic 矛盾修饰法·矛盾的=不幸·灾难的
equivocation·ambiguous=oxymoron·incongruous
模棱两可的话·暧昧的=矛盾修饰法·不调和的(正面特征)

pachyderm [] n. 厚皮类动物, 迟钝的人
(类)pachyderm·animal=ant·insect 厚皮类动物·动物=蚂蚁·昆虫(种属)
(例)as an elephant, a rhinoceros, or a pig
(记)词根derm 真皮,皮肤

pacify [] vt. 使平静,安慰(to allay the anger or agitation of·soothe)
(类)solace·grief=pacification·anger 安慰·痛楚=平定·愤怒 (消除关系)
(反)pacify ◆ incite rankle tantrum vex 安慰 ◆ 煽动 激怒 发怒 恼怒
discompose ◆ pacificate 使不安 ◆ 使镇静
pacific ◆ truculent 和平的 ◆ 好战的
(同)soothe, pacify, appease, ease, mollify
(例)pacify a crying child

pack [] n. 一群(a group of often predatory animals of the same kind)
(类)orchestra·musician=pack·wolf 管弦乐队·音乐家=狼群·狼 (团体与个体)

padding [] n. 填塞物(material with which something is padded)
(类)padding·damage=disguise·recognition 填塞物·损伤=假面目·认识(防止关系)
padding·damage=levee·flooding 填塞物·损伤=防洪堤坝·洪水(防止关系)

paean [] n. 赞美歌(a joyous song or hymn of praise, tribute, thanksgiving, or triumph)
(类)paean·song=elegy·poem 赞美歌·歌=挽诗·诗(种属)
paean·joy=dirge·grief 赞美歌表达欢乐=挽歌表达悲痛
(反)paean ◆ harshly lampoon 赞歌 ◆ 讽刺文章

painstaking [] adj. 艰苦的(taking pains)
(类)pain·analgesic=symptom·palliative 痛苦·止痛的=症状·减轻的
(反)cursory ◆ painstakingly thorough 粗略的 ◆ 十分详尽的
slipshod ◆ painstaking 漫不经心的 ◆ 艰苦的

palatable [] adj.美味的(agreeable to the palate or taste)
(类)palatable·savory=discernible·manifest 美味的·可口的=可分辨的·明显的
(同)palatable, appetizing, savory, tasty, toothsome
(例)butterflies that birds find palatable

palatial [] adj. 宫殿般的,豪华的(magnificent)
(类)hovel·palatial=city(metropolis)·bucolic
小屋·豪华的=城市(大城市)·田园生活的(反面特征)
(同)luxurious,deluxe,sumptuous
(记)来自palace 宫殿

palette [] n. 调色板,颜料(a particular range, quality, or use of color)
(类)palette·color=repertoire·play 调色板·颜色=节目单·节目(前者安排后者)

pall [] v. 感到腻烦,失去兴趣(to lose in interest or attraction)
(反)pall ◆ interestintrigue 失去兴趣 ◆ 激发兴趣
(同)bore, ennui, tire, weary

palliate [] v. 减轻(痛苦)(to reduce the violence of (a disease))
(类)palliate·anger=enfeeble·vigor 减轻·愤怒=使衰弱·精力(动宾关系)
symptom·palliative=pain·analgesic 病症·减轻的=疼痛·止痛的(消除)
(反)palliate ◆ exacerbateworsenincrease intensity 减轻 ◆ 加剧恶化增加强度
caustic ◆ palliatinggenial 讽刺的 ◆ 缓和的和蔼的
(同)extenuate, prettify, sugarcoat, varnish, veneer

pallid [] adj. 苍白的(面色)(having an abnormally pale complexion)
(反)rubicund红润的 piquant 兴奋的
(同)pale, ashen, ashy, blanched, colorless,

palmy [] adj. 繁荣的(marked by prosperity)
(类)palmy·prosperity=draconian·severity 繁荣的·繁荣=苛刻的·严格(形名同义)
(同)flourishing, prosperous

palpable [] adj. 可触知的,明显的,易觉察的(easily perceived)
(类)palpable·touch=pliable·mold 可触知的·触摸=柔韧的·塑造
(反)palpable ◆ explicatesubtle 明显的 ◆ 隐晦的细微的
impalpable ◆ clear 不易察觉的 ◆ 清楚的
(同)perceptible, appreciable, detectable, discernible
(例)i cannot understand how you could overlook such a palpable blunder.

palter [] vi. 欺骗(to act insincerely or deceitfully)
(类)palter·candor=diehard·budge 欺骗·诚挚=顽固·移动(反面特征)
【注:budge :to alter a position or attitude:改变立场或态度】
(反)palter ◆ candor 欺骗 ◆ 坦率
(同)lie, equivocate, falsify, fib, prevaricate

paltry [] adj. 无价值的;微不足道的(practically worthless; trifling)
(反)paltry ◆ significantimportant 微不足道的 ◆ 意义重大的重要的
(同)petty, measly, piddling, puny, trifling, trivial,
(例)This is a paltry sum to pay for such a masterpiece.

pan [] vt.【口语】严厉批评 (to criticize unfavorably, as in reviewing)
(类)pan·harsh=barb·caustic 严厉批评·严厉的=尖锐的批评·严厉的(同义)
(反)rave 过分赞扬 eulogize称赞 extol称赞

panacea [  ] n. 治百病之灵药,万灵药
panache [] n. 羽饰;假威风,炫耀(dash or flamboyance in style)
(反)panache ◆ humility 炫耀 ◆ 谦逊
panache ◆ unremarkable behavior 炫耀 ◆ 寻常举止
panache ◆ dullness 华丽 ◆ 缺乏光彩(dull:lacking brilliance or luster)

panel [  ] n. 画板,版画;仪表盘;讨论小组
(类)quartet·singer=triptych·panel 四重唱·歌手=三张相连的版画·版画(组成关系)
【注】triptych:a work consisting of three painted or carved panels

pancreas [] n. 胰腺
(类)insulin·pancreas=bile·liver 胰岛素·胰腺=胆汁·肝脏(分泌关系)

pandemic [] adj. 全国流行的
(反)pandemic ◆ limited 流行的 ◆ 限制的
(记)pan(前缀,表示“全, 总, 泛”)+dem(=people)→全体人民→全国流行的

pandemonium [] n. 喧哗吵闹(wild uproar or noise)
(反)pandemonium ◆ serene 喧嚣 ◆ 安静
(同)din , hubbub, jangle, racket, tumult, uproar
(记)pan(全部)+demon(魔鬼)→群魔乱舞→喧哗,吵闹

pander [  ] vi. (to)迎合
(例)He refused to pander to nostalgia and escapism
他拒绝迎合怀旧心理和逃避主义

panegyric [] n. 赞扬,夸大的颂词(a eulogistic oration or writing)
(类)panegyric·eulogize=lampoon·satirize 颂词·称颂=讽刺文章·讽刺 (前者表达后者)
panegyric·praise=valediction·farewell 颂词·赞扬=临别致词·告别 (前者表达后者)
(反)anathema诅咒 denunciation谴责 condemnation谴责
(同)encomium, citation, eulogy, salutation, tribute
(例)the modest hero blushed to hear the speakers delivering panegyrics about his valorous
act.
(记)pan (全)+egyric(集市)→在公众集会上演说正式的颂扬性文章→赞扬,颂词

panoramic [] n. 全景的(an complete view of an area in every direction)
(反)panoramic ◆ narrow 全景的 ◆ 狭窄的
(记)pan(全)+oram(视野)→全景

pantry [] n. 食品柜,餐具室(a room for preparation of foods on order)
(类)pantry·food=armory·weapons= closet(wardrobe)·clothes
餐具室·食物=军械库·武器=壁橱(衣柜)·衣服(存储地方与物品)
(同)larder, buttery 区别:pastry 面点

parable [] n. 寓言,比喻
(类)parable·story=homily·lecture 寓言·故事=说教·教训(种属)
(同)allegory, apologue, fable, myth
(记)para(侧面, 超越)。从侧面说道理→寓言

paradigm [] n. 典范, 范例(example, pattern)
(类)corrective·amends=paradigm·exemplify
矫正物·补偿=范例·作为„例子(事物作用)
paragon(paradigm)·imitate=reverence·regard
模范值得被效仿=应该尊敬的人值得被尊重
(同)moder, archetype, example, exemplar, pattern, standard
(记)para(侧面, 超越)。超越一般的→典范

paradise [] n. 天堂 (a place or state of bliss, felicity, or delight)
(类)pleasurable·paradisical=melodious·lyrical
愉悦的·极欢乐=曲调优美的·抒情诗调的 (同义)
(记)词头para-表示“侧面, 超越”之义。超乎寻常的感受,当然只能在天堂中体会

paradox [] n. 似是而非的论点,自相矛盾的话(a statement that is seemingly
contradictory to common sense and yet is perhaps true)
(类)paradox·contradictory=epigram·wise 自相矛盾的话是矛盾的=警句是智慧的(正面特
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征)
oxymoron·paradox=apophasis·claim
矛盾修饰法是与矛盾有关的修辞=阳否阴述是与表述有关的修辞
(反)paradoxical ◆ common荒谬的 ◆ 普通的

paragon [] n. 模范,典型(a model of excellence or perfection)
(类)paragon·admire=pariah·contempt 典范常常被赞美=底层民众常常被轻蔑
paragon·excellent=hoax·fraudulent 模范·优秀的=愚弄·欺骗的(正面特征)
paragon·exemplary=corrected·amend 典范·示例=修正的·改正(同义)
(反)travesty ◆ paragon 曲解 ◆ 典范
(同)ideal, jewel, nonesuch, nonpareil, phoenix
(例)The teacher was always pointing him out as a paragon of virtue.

paramount [] adj. 最重要的,最高权力的(superior to all others)
(类)important·paramount=painful·agonizing 重要的·最重要的=痛苦的·痛苦难耐的(程
度)
(反)paramount ◆ ancillary 最主要的 ◆ 辅助次要的
(同)ascendant, overbearing, predominant, predominate, preponderant
(例)Proper nutrition are of paramount importance in adolescent development and growth.
(记)美国好莱坞的派拉蒙公司就是这个商标。词头para-表示“侧面, 超越”之义。

paranoia [] n. 偏执狂(a tendency on the part of an individual or group toward excessive
or irrational suspiciousness and distrustfulness of others)
(类)suspicion·paranoia=enthusiasm·mania 猜疑·偏执狂=热情·狂热(褒贬程度)
suspicious·paranoid=admiring·idolatrous 怀疑的·偏执狂的=钦佩的·盲目崇拜的(褒
贬)

paraphrase [] vt. 简要重述,解释(to make a restatement of a text, passage, or work
giving
the meaning in another form)
(类)paraphrase·verbatim=approximate·precise 简要重述·一字不差地=近似·精确的(反
义)
(例)in 250 words or less, paraphrase this article. 用250词左右来简要复述一下这篇文章。
(记)词头para-表示“侧面, 超越”之义;对句子从另外角度阐述→扼要重述

parasite [  ] n.寄生虫, 食客
(类)bacteria·medium=parasite·host 细菌生活在培养基中=寄生虫生活在宿主中

parka [  ] n. 派克大衣(毛皮风雪大衣)
parch [] vi. 烤干 (to dry or shrivel with cold)
(反)steep ◆ parch 浸泡 ◆ 烤干

parenthesis [] n.圆括号;插入语;插曲
(类)enclose·parentheses=separate·comma 括号使围住=句号使隔开
parenthesis·explanation=ellipsis·omission 圆括号表示解释=省略号表示省略
(记)paren(=para侧面, 超越)+thesis

pariah n. 贱民,底层民众(a member of a low caste of southern india)
(类)pariah·ostracize=prisoner·confine 底层民众遭排斥=囚犯遭囚禁(正面特征)
(同)outcast,castaway,derelict
(记)pari谐音 巴黎。记住巴黎爆发的法国大革命就是这群所谓的贱民发动的。

parity [] n. 同等,平等(the quality or state of being equal)
(反)inequality不公平 incommensurateness不平衡
(同)equivalence,adequation,equality

parlance [] n. 说话的方式(manner or mode of speech)
(类)parlance·speak=gait·walk 说话的方式·说=步法·行走(动作与其方式)
(同)wording,diction, phrase, phraseology, phrasing
(记)parlan 谐音 巴朗。如果你知道巴朗词表就会知道它是来研究人们的说话方式的。

parody [] n.模仿作品,仿作v. 做模仿诗文
(类)parody·style=mime·gesture 仿作模仿的是诗文风格=哑剧模仿的是姿态
spoof·parody=nicety·distinction 轻浮的改编·模仿作品=细微差别·差别(种
属)spoof·parody=ode·poetry 轻浮的改编·模仿作品=颂诗·诗(种属)
(同)burlesque, imitate, mock, take off, travesty

paroxysm [] n. 发作,突发(a sudden violent emotion or action)
(类)paroxysm·sudden=ruse·deceived 突发·突然的=诡计·欺骗的 (正面特征)

parquetry [] n. 镶木地板;镶木细工
(类)parquetry·floor=fresco·wall 镶木细工在地板上进行=壁画在墙壁上进行
parquet·wood=mosaic·glass 镶木地板·木头=镶嵌图案·玻璃
parquet·wood= patchwork·cloth 镶木地板·木头=拼缀物·布

parrot vt. 鹦鹉学舌,机械地模仿(to repeat by rote)
(类)parrot·originality=babble·sense 机械地模仿缺乏创意=胡说八道缺乏理智
list 24 parry --------pixel
parry v. 躲避(武器、问题等)(to evade especially by an adroit answer)
(类)parry·question=shirk·duty 躲避·问题=推卸·责任(逃避关系)
(同)dodge, duck, fence, shirk, sidestep
(记)p+arry(=arrow 箭) →避箭→躲避武器等

parse [] n.v. 从语法上分析
(类)parse·grammatical=scan·metrical
语法分析·合乎语法的=分析韵脚·韵律的(行为及其相关对象)
sentence·parse=specimen·dissect 句子·语法分析=标本·解剖(行为及其对对象)

parsimony [] n. 过度节俭,吝啬(unreasonable economy; stinginess)
(类)parsimony·frugal=hubris·proud 节俭·节俭的=傲慢·高傲的(名形同义)
parsimonious·liberal=obtuse·keen 吝啬的·慷慨的=钝的·锋利的(反义)
parsimonious·profligacy=impetuous·hesitance 吝啬的·挥霍的=冲动的·犹豫的(反
义)
parsimonious·resource=curt·words 吝啬的·资源=简略的·话语(形修饰名)
(反)parsimony ◆ largesse 吝啬 ◆ 慷慨
parsimonious ◆ wasteful liberal profligate prodigal munificent lavish generous
小气的 ◆ 浪费的 慷慨的 浪费的 挥霍的 慷慨大方的 浪费的 大方的
(同)stingy, miserly,niggardly, penurious
(记)parsi谐音 怕死+mony 谐音money 花钱 →怕死花钱→吝啬

partial [] adj. 偏袒的,偏爱的(inclined to favor one party more than the other:biased)
(反)partial ◆ dispassionate 偏袒的 ◆ 不动感情的
(同)jaundiced, prejudiced,tendentious,unindifferent,warped
(记)part 部分 只对部分人好→偏爱

particularize [] vt. vi. 详细说明,列举(to state in detail)
(类)particularize·details=illustrate·pi ctures详细说明·细节=图解·图片(行为及相关对象)
(同)detail, specificate, specificize, stipulate
(记)part 部分→将整体分成部分详细说明

partisan [] n. 党羽,同党的人(a firm adherent to a party, faction)
( 类)allegiance·partisans=authoritativeness·pundits
效忠·同党之人=权威·权威人士(正面特征)
(同)follower, adherent, cohort, disciple, henchman, supporter

pastiche [] n. 模仿(a work that imitates the style of previous work)
(反)pastiche ◆ original work 模仿 ◆ 原创
(记)past 过去的,过时的+che 谐音 车→过时的车不值得模仿

partition [] n.分割,划分,瓜分 vt.区分,隔开,分割
(反)partition ◆ unify 分割 ◆ 联合

patent [] adj. 专利的;显著的,新奇的(readily visible or intelligible)
(反)patent ◆ abstruse not evident occult recondite
明显的 ◆ 晦涩难懂的 不明显的 神秘的 深奥的
nuance ◆ patent difference 细微差别 ◆ 显著区别
(同)apparent, evident, manifest, obvious, palpable, unequivocal

pathology [] n. 病理学;病状
(类)stimulation·arousal=pathogen·diseasing 刺激物·激励= 病原体·疾病
(反)pathological ◆ normal 病态的 ◆ 正常的
(记)path谐音 怕死 →怕死是一种病态的心理

patina [] n. 绿锈;表面光泽;肤浅的外在(a superficial covering or exterior)
(反)patina ◆ essential quality 肤浅的外在 ◆ 本质

patrician n. 贵族,名门望族(a person of high birth·aristocrat)
(反)base ◆ patrician 底层社会 ◆ 贵族
(记)patri-表示“父”之义 联想:父辈荣耀,所以成了名门望族

patriot [] n. 爱国主义者(one who loves his or her country)
(类)patriot·country=partisan·course 爱国者忠于国家=党徒忠于路线
(记)patri-表示“父”之义 联想:国就是父

patronize [] vt. 资助,赞助,让人领情
(类)patron·support=apologist·defend 赞助人·支援=辩护者·辩护(正面特征)

paucity [] n. 少数,少量,缺乏(smallness of number:fewness)
(反)slew大量 plethora过剩 profusion丰富
(同)scarcity, insufficiency, poverty, scant, scarceness

paunchy [] dj. 大肚子的(having an enlarged or protruding abdomen)
(反)paunchy and awkward ◆ svelte 大腹便便的 ◆ 苗条的

pebble [] n. 小鹅卵石(a small usually rounded stone)
(类)droplet·deluge=pebble·landslid 小滴·洪水=小卵石·山崩泥石(小与大)

peccadillo [] n.小过失(a slight offense)
(类)peccadillo·error=glitch·flaw 小过失·错误罪孽犯罪=小故障·缺陷(程度)
peccadillo·sin=admonishment·castigation 小过失·错误=警告·惩罚(程度)
peccadillo·offense=cameo·sculpture 小过失·错误=贝雕·雕塑 (种属)
peccadillo·offence=mishap·accident 小罪·犯罪=不幸·事故(种属)
(记)pecc 斑点 参考:peccable 易犯罪的 speck 斑点,少量

peck [pek] n. 轻吻;轻啄
(类)peck·kiss=glance·look 轻吻·吻=一瞥·看(轻和正常)
(记)和speck 少量 一起记→少量的吻→轻吻

pedagogue [] n. 教师,教育者(a dull, formal, or pedantic teacher)
(类)pedagogue·indoctrinate=stickler·ex acting教育者·灌输=坚持者·严格苛求(正面特征)

pedant [] n. 迂腐之人,书呆子,学究式人物
(类)pedant·learning=hack·writing 学究·学习=雇佣文人·写作(正面特征)
pedantic·learned=moralistic·principled 学究式的·有学问的=道学的·有原则的(褒
贬)
scholarly·pedantic=modest·prudish 学者的·书呆的=谦虚的·假装正经(褒贬)
pedantic·scholar=histrionic·actor 学究的·学者=戏剧的·演员(正面特征)
(例)Her insistence that the book be memorized marked the teacher as a pedant rather than a
scholar.她坚持这本书应该被记住表明他是一个学究而不是一个学者。

pedestal [] n. 基架,底座,基础
(类)pedestal·statue=foundation·house 底座·雕像=地基·房子

predestine [] vt. 预定,注定
(反)predestine ◆ leave to chance 注定 ◆ 顺其自然
(记)pre 预先+destine 本身是动词“注定”参考:destiny 命运

pedestrian [] adj.缺乏想像的,呆板的(commonplace;unimaginative)
(反)imaginative 富于想象的 marvelous非凡的 inspired有灵感的 rarefied 稀少

(同)dull,dreary, humdrum, monotone, plodding,stodgy

pediatrics [] n. [医]小儿科
(类)pediatrics·children=dermatology·skin 小儿科·小孩=皮肤学·皮肤

peep [] n. 小鸟的吱吱叫声;瞥见,偷看(to look cautiously or slyly)
(类)peck·kiss=peep·sound 轻吻·亲吻=小鸟的吱吱叫声·声音(种属)
(记)我们熟悉的bp机最早叫peep
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peer [] n. 同等的人(a person who has equal standing with others)vi.凝视;窥视
(反)peer ◆ a subordinate person 同辈 ◆ 下级

peerless [] adj. 出类拔萃的,无可匹敌的(matchless;imparable)
(反)peerlessness ◆ equality 出类拔萃 ◆ 同等
(同)matchless, unequaled, unique, unparagoned, unparalleled, unrivaled

peeve [] v. 使气恼,怨恨(to make peevish or resentful)
(类)peeved·annoyed=patronizing·condescending 气恼的·恼怒的=使领情的·使领情的(同
义)
peeved·annoy=saturated·wet 恼怒的·使生气=浸透的·弄湿(后者造成前者)
(反)placate ◆ peeve 安抚 ◆ 使气恼
peevish ◆ good-natured 易恼怒的 ◆ 好脾气的
(同)irritate,aggravate, exasperate, nettle, pique, provoke

pejorative [  ] adj.轻蔑的,贬低的(having negative connotations)
(反)pejorative ◆ laudatory 贬低的 ◆ 赞美的
(同)derogatory, depreciative, detracting
(记)pejor(谐音:披着)+rat(老鼠)联想:披着鼠皮的人→让人轻蔑的

pelf [] n. 钱财(wealth or riches, especially when dishonestly acquired)
(类)pelf·impecunious=experience·green 钱财·贫穷的=经验·无经验的(缺乏关系)

pellucid [] adj.清晰的,易懂的(easy to understand)
(类)pellucid·understand=venial·excuse 易懂的·明白=可宽恕的·原谅(因果关系)
(反)pellucid ◆ murky 清楚的 ◆ 不清楚的【注】murky :lacking clarity or distinctness
(同)transparent, clear, limpid, see-through, translucent

pen [] n. 雌天鹅(a female swan)
(类)swan·pen=sheep·ewe 天鹅·雌天鹅=羊·母羊(种属)

penalty [] n. 刑罚,罚款(a punishment established by law or authority for a offense)
(类)pardon·penalty=exempt·liability 原谅·处罚=免责·责任(消除)
(记)pen词根“惩罚”参考:penal 刑事的 penance 自我惩罚penalize置人于不利位置

penchant [] n.强烈嗜好,倾向(a strong and continued inclination)
(反)penchant ◆ aversiondislike爱好 ◆ 厌恶讨厌
(同)disposition, inclination, predilection, predisposition
(记)谐音“盼唱”联想:盼着唱歌→强烈嗜好

penitent [] adj. 悔过的(feeling or expressing regretful pain)
(类)penitent·obdurate=skeptic·credulous 悔过者·顽固的=怀疑者·轻信的
(反)impenitent ◆ contrite 不悔悟的 ◆ 后悔的
(同)apologetic, contrite, penitential, regretful, repentant
(记)参考:repent v. 后悔,悔改 penitentiary 重罪监狱;教养所
(例)when he realized the enormity of his crime, he became remorseful and penitent.

pension [ ] n. 退休金,年金,抚恤金
(记)p en钱。联想:过去作家是赚钱的工作,有笔就有钱。参考:penury贫穷;spent花费

pensive [] adj. 沉思的,哀思的(musingly or dreamily thoughtful)
(类)lamentable·pensive=museful·ruminative 哀伤的·悲哀的=沉思的·沉思的(同义)
(同)meditative, pondering, reflecting, ruminative, speculative
(例)the pensive youth gazed at the painting for a long time and then sighed.

penury [] n. 贫困,贫穷(severe poverty)
(类)frugal·penurious=firm·obdurate 节俭的·吝啬的=坚定的·顽固的(褒贬)
(反)penury ◆ affluence 贫困 ◆ 富裕
penurious ◆ lavishlargesse 吝啬的 ◆ 非常大方的慷慨的

perambulate [] v. 巡行
(类)foot·perambulate=eye·observe 脚·巡行=眼睛·观察(器官及其功能)

perceptible [] adj. 可察觉的(capable of being perceived)
(类)perceptible·obvious=relevant·crucial 可察觉的·明显的=相关的·至关紧要的(程
度)
(反)appreciable ◆ imperceptible 可感知的 ◆ 不能感知的
(同)appreciable, detectable, discernible, observable, palpable, sensible, tangible

perception [  ] n. 理解,感知
peremptory [] adj. 专横的(imperious or arrogant self-assurance)
(类)peremptory·fawn=parsimonious·spend 专横的不会奉承=吝啬的很少花费
peremptory·dispute=prohibitiv e·purchase专横的阻止争辩=价格过高的阻止购买
(反)peremptory ◆ open to challenge 不容反抗的 ◆ 接受挑战的

perfervid [] adj.非常热心的(marked by overwrought emotion)
(反)perfervid ◆ impassive 非常热心的 ◆ 冷漠的
(同)ardent, blazing, burning, fervent, fiery, flaming

perfidy [] n. 不诚实(the quality or state of being faithless)
(类)exorbitant·moderation=perfidious·loyalty 过度的·适度的=背信的·忠诚的(褒贬
对照)
(反)perfidy ◆ trustworthiness 不诚实 ◆ 可信赖
perfidious ◆ faithfulloyal 不诚实的 ◆ 忠实的忠实的

perforate [] v. 打孔,穿透(to make a hole through)
(类)perforate·hole=pleat·fold 打孔·孔=打褶·褶皱 (行为及其作用结果)
(同)bore, drill, prick, punch, puncture

perfunctory adj. 例行公事的,机械的,敷衍的 (characterized by routine or superficiality:mechanical)
(类)perfunctorily·inspiration=insolently·veneration
例行公事地不会激发灵感=无礼地不会让人尊敬

perimeter [] n. 周长,周界(the boundary of a closed plane figure)
(类)circle·perimeter=country·border 圆·周界周长=国土·边界

periodical [] adj. 周期的n. 期刊,杂志
(类)magazine·periodical=mystery·fiction 杂志属期刊=神秘故事属小说

peripatetic [] adj. 巡游的(moving or traveling from place to place)
(反)peripatetic ◆ rooted sedentary stationary 巡游的 ◆ 根深蒂固的 不迁徙的固定的
(同)ambulant, itinerate, nomadic, perambulant, roving, vagabond

peripheral [] adj. 边缘的,周边的(a periphery or surface part)
(类)peripheral·center=immaterial·relevance 边缘的·中心的=非实质的·中肯的(反义)
(反)peripheral ◆ in essence 外围的 ◆ 核心
crux ◆ peripheral element 症结 ◆ 次要因素
periphery ◆ centercoreimportant partcentral area 外围 ◆ 中央核心重要部分
中心地带

perish [] vi. 毁灭,死亡(to bring to destruction; destroy)
(反)perish ◆ survive 死亡 ◆ 存活

perjury [] n. 伪证,假誓
(类)perjury·testimony=calumny·assertion representation
伪证·证词=中伤·声明 陈述(伪对正常)
(反)perjury ◆ truthful deposition 诽谤 ◆ 真实的证词
perjure ◆ depose 作伪证 ◆ 作证

permanence [] n. 永久(the quality or state of being permanent)
(类)evanescent·permanence=archaic·currency 短暂的·永久=过时的·流行(反义)
erratic·permanent=heroic·craven 不稳定·持久的=英勇的·胆小的(反义)
impermanent·transience=opportune·convenience 暂时的·短暂=恰好的·便利(同
义)
transitory·permanence=achromatic·hue 短暂的·永久=无色的·色彩(反义)
(反)permanence ◆ transience 永久 ◆ 短暂
extinction ◆ perpetuation 消失 ◆ 永久,不朽
permanent ◆ ephemeralinterim 永久的 ◆ 短暂的暂时的
(同)diurnal, durable, enduring, perdurable, perduring, stable

permeable [] adj. 有浸透性的,能透过的(penetrable)
(类)penetrate·permeable=knead·malleable 穿透·可穿透的=揉捏·有延展性的(动形
同义)
penetrate·impermeable=change·immutable= profane·inviolable
穿透·不能透过的=变化·不变的= 亵渎·无法亵渎的(形动反义)
impermeability·fluid=opacity·light 不渗透·流体=不透明·光线
(反)permeable ◆ waterproof 能透过的 ◆ 不透水的
impermeable ◆ easily penetrated 不能渗透的 ◆ 容易渗透的
diaphanous ◆ impermeable of light 透明的 ◆ 不透光的
(同)penetrable, pervious, porose, porous

pernicious [] adj. 有害有毒的;致命的(highly injurious or destructive)
(类)pernicious·injure=disingenuous·mislead 有害的·伤害=没有诚意的·误导(正面特征)

peroration [] n.(演讲的)结束语;演讲高谈阔论
(类)peroration·speech=coda·sonata 结束语·演讲=尾声·奏鸣曲

perpetual [] adj. 永久的,不断的(continuing forever:everlasting)
(类)constant·perpetuate=transient·vanish 不变的·不朽=短暂的·消失
(反)perpetual ◆ ephemeraltransitoryintermittent 永久的 ◆ 短暂的短暂的暂时的
extinction ◆ perpetuation 消失 ◆ 永存
debunk ◆ perpetuate to sham 揭穿真相 ◆ 永远的伪装

persecute [] vt. 迫害,虐待,折磨(to harass in a manner designed to injure or
afflict)
(类)haunt·remember=persecute·injure 萦绕造成回忆起=迫害造成伤害

persevere [] vi. 坚持不懈,不屈不挠(to persist in a state)
(类)obstin ate·persevre=tactlessinsensitive·offend
固执的·坚持=不老练的不懂事的·冒犯(个性及其结果)
(反)persevere ◆ give up 坚持 ◆ 放弃
perseverance ◆ cessation of effort 坚持不懈 ◆ 停止努力
(同)carry on, go on, hang on, persist

persiflage [] n. 挖苦,嘲弄(to provide with an incentive)
(类)persiflage·incite=exhortation·motivate 挖苦·激发=勉励·激发(动作及其结果)

persistence [] n. 坚持, 持续
(反)persistence ◆ inconstancy 持续 ◆ 反复无常

personable [] adj. 优雅的,貌美的(pleasant or amiable in person)
(反)personable ◆ unattractive 优雅的 ◆ 无魅力的

perspicacious [] adj. 敏锐的(of acute mental vision·keen)
(反)perspicacious ◆ obtuseundiscerneddull 敏锐的 ◆ 迟钝的呆滞的
【注:干扰选项awkward 笨拙的 这个词形容人的动作而不是头脑】
(同)shrewd, argute, astucious, astute, heady,
(例)the brillant lawyer was known for his perspicacious deductions.

perspicuity [] n. 明晰,明了,简明(plain to the understanding)
(反)perspicuity ◆ opacity 明了 ◆ 不透明
perspicuous ◆ dull 明了的 ◆ 不清楚的;模糊的

pertain [] v. 适合,属于,有关联(To have reference; relate)
(反)pertain ◆ be irrelevant 有关 ◆ 无关

pertinacious [] adj. 顽固的(stubbornly unyielding or tenacious)
(类)pertinacity·refractory=inexperience·green 顽固·难控制的=无经验·无经验的(同
义)
(反)pertinacious ◆ tractable pliable irresolute capricious
顽固的 ◆ 易于管教的 易变的 犹豫不决的 反复无常的
pertinacity ◆ vacillation 顽固 ◆ 游移不定
(同)bullheaded, headstrong, mulish, perverse, refractory, stubborn

pertinent [] adj. 相关的,中肯的(having a clear decisive relevance)
(类)pertinent·relevance=redundant·superfluity 中肯的·中肯=多余的·多余(形名同义)
(反)pertinent ◆ irrelevant immaterial lack of relevance
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相关的 ◆ 无关系的非实质的无关系的
(同)relevant, applicable, apposite, apropos, germane, material
(例)the lawyer wanted to know all the pertinent details.

perturb [] vt. 扰乱,使烦躁不安,使担忧(to disturb greatly in mind:disquiet)
(类)impassive·perturb=voracious·satisfy 冷漠的·使烦躁不安=贪婪的·使满意(难以关
系)
perturb·serenity=reassure·doubt 扰乱·平静=使安心·疑虑(消除关系)
stoic·perturb=avaricious·satisfy 坚韧自制的难以被扰乱=贪婪的难以被满足
(反)perturbation ◆ equanimity 扰乱 ◆ 镇静
(记)turb混浊 参考:turbid adj. 混浊的,混乱的disturb扰乱turbulence骚乱

peruse [] v. 细读(to examine with attention and in detail)
(类)peruse·smattering=stare·leer 细读·略知=凝视·斜视(反义)
(反)peruse ◆ glance at 细读 ◆ 看一眼

pervade [] vt. 弥漫,充满,漫延(to become diffused)
(类)pervasive ◆ limited distribution 普遍的 ◆ 限量发送的

pessimism [ ] n. 悲观,悲观主义
(反)optimism 乐观主义
pesticide [] n. 杀虫剂(an agent used to destroy pests)
(类)insect·pesticide=plant·herbicide 虫子·杀虫剂=草·除草剂(消灭)
(记)pest害虫cide除掉 参考:suicide 自杀 herbicide 除草剂

pestle [] n. 杵,乳钵槌(grinding substances in a mortar)
(类)pestle·mortar=hammer·anvil 杵·臼=锤子·铁砧(配套工具)
pestle·grind=flint stone·sharpen 槌·研磨=硬石头·磨快(前是后的工具)
pestle·grind=whetstone·sharpen 槌·研磨=磨刀石·磨快
【注意:双重对应,除了工具的意味外还有磨的意味】
pestle·hash=awl·pierce 杵·捣碎=锥子·刺穿(动作关联名词)

petition [] vt. vi. 请求,请愿 n.请愿,请愿书(to make a request)
(类)groveler·petitioner=minion·dependent
卑恭屈节者·请求者=奴才·依赖者(褒贬类比)

petrify [  ] v.石化(to become stony, especially by petrifaction);吓呆
(类)petrify·stone=evaporate·vapor 使石化成石头=使蒸发成蒸气

petrography [] n. 岩石记述学(研究岩石分类和体系)
(类)petrography·rock=mural·wall 岩石记述学·岩石=壁画·墙壁

petty [] adj. 细微的,不重要的(having secondary rank or importance)
(类)petty·notice=mysterious·explain 细微的难以被注意=神秘的难以被解释
(同)inconsequent, inconsiderable, measly, ungenerous, unvital

petulant [ ] adj. 任性的,脾气坏的,粗野的
phenomenal [] adj. 显著的,非凡的,杰出的
(反)phenomenal ◆ ordinary unexceptional commonplace 非凡的 ◆ 普通的 普通的 平
凡的
(同)extraordinary, rare, remarkable, singular, unimaginable, unique

philanthropic [] adj. 博爱的(characterized by philanthropy)
(类)philanthropist·beneficence=comedian·humor
慈善家·善行=喜剧演员·幽默(正面特征)
philanthropist·endow=prevaricater·mislead
慈善家·捐赠=支吾搪塞者·误导(正面特征)
philanthropic·genial ity=resourceful·inventiveness
慈善的·亲切=足智多谋·善于创造(正面特征)
(同)charitable , altruistic, benevolent, eleemosynary, humane

philatelist [] n. 集邮家
(类)philatelist·stamps=numismatist·coins 集邮家·邮票=钱币收藏家·钱币

philistine [] n. 庸人,对艺术很轻蔑的人(a person who is guided by materialism and
is
usually disdainful of artistic values)
(反)philistine ◆ aesthete 庸人 ◆ 审美家

phlegmatic [] adj. 冷静的,冷淡的,无活力的(stolid temperament)
(类)phlegmatic·provoke=intractable·manage 冷淡的·激怒=难处理的·处理
(反)spirited生气勃勃的 vivacious 活泼的 sprightly轻快的
(同)apathetic, dry, matter- of-fact, stoic, stolid
(例)the nurse was a cheerful but phlegmatic person, unexcited in the face of sudden
emergencies.

pictorial [  ] adj. 绘画的,形象生动的
(例)a pictorial magazine画报
piddling [] adj. 无用的,琐屑的(trivial, paltry)
(类)piddling·considerable=restive·calm
微不足道的·可观的=烦躁的·平静的(反义)
(同)petty, measly, niggling, paltry, peanut, peddling, puny, trifling

piebald [] adj. 花斑的,斑驳的(spotted with black and white)
(反)piebald ◆ monotonous 花斑的 ◆ 单调的
pied ◆ solid-colored 斑驳的 ◆ 单色的

pixel [] n.(显示器或电视机图象的)象素
(类)image·pixel=mosaic·tile 图象·象素镶嵌=图案·瓷砖(组成关系)
list 25 pigment -------- prerogative
pigment [] n. 颜料,色料
(类)albino·pigment=prairie·tree白化病人·颜色=大 草原·树(缺乏)
pigment·color=spice·flavor 颜料·颜色=调味品·味道(事物及时相关对象)

pilfer [] vt. vi. 偷窃(to steal stealthily in small amounts)
(类)pilfer·take=abscond·depart (干扰:purloin·appropriate 盗窃·盗用)
潜逃·离开=偷窃·拿取 (偷偷·正常)
(同)steal, appropriate, filch, pinch, purloin, thieve

pillar [] n. 柱子,栋梁;重要的支持者(a firm upright support)
(类)pillar·support=stockade·enclose 柱子·支持=栅栏·围住(事物及功用)
(反)derelict ◆ pillar of society 被遗弃的人 ◆ 栋梁

pillory [] n.被示众,被嘲弄(to expose to public contempt)
(类)chide·pillory=humor·mollycoddle 斥责·示众=牵就·溺爱(程度)
punish·pillory=admonish·denounce 惩罚·公开嘲弄=警告·公开指责
pillory·ridicule=guillotine·execute 示众· 嘲笑=断头台·处死(目的)
(反)pillory ◆ exalt praise publicly 嘲弄 ◆ 赞美公开赞美

pilot [] n. 飞行员;领航员(one employed to steer a ship:helmsman)
(类)pilot·ship=conductor·orchestra 领航人·轮船=指挥·管弦乐队

pine [] n. 松树 vi. 消瘦;渴望(to yearn intensely and persistently)
(类)longing·pine=remorse·rue 渴望·盼望=后悔·懊悔(同义)
needle·pine=leaf·oak 针叶·松树=叶子·橡树
(反)pine ◆ become invigorated 憔悴 ◆ 受到鼓舞

pinnacle [] n. 小尖塔,顶点(an upright architectural member generally ending in a small
spire
and used especially in gothic construction to give weight especially to a buttress)

(反)pinnacle ◆ low point 顶点 ◆ 低处

pinpoint [] v. 精确定位或确认(to locate or aim with great precision)
(类)pinpoint ◆ exam cursorily 精确地定位 ◆ 粗略的检查
(同)identify, determinate, diagnose distinguish,finger,spot

piquant [] adj.辛辣的,开胃的(agreeably stimulating to the palate)
(反)vapid 索然无味的 flat 单调乏味的 insipid平淡的 pallid无生气的
(同)pungent, peppery, racy, snappy, spicy, zesty

pique [] vt.伤害„自尊心,使„生气(to cause to feel resentment or indignation.)
(反)pique ◆ mollify 使愤怒 ◆ 平息

pirate [] n. 海盗;盗版者 vt. 盗版,翻印;掠夺
(类)pirate·take=forge·copy 欺骗掠夺·拿走=伪造·复制(非法·正常)

pitch [] n. 音质,音高,音调
(类)pitch·sound=color·light 音质·声音=颜色·光线(都由波的频率决定)
frequency·pitch=wavelength·color 频率·音调=波长·颜色(前者决定后者)
(反)off-key 跑调的

pithy [] adj. 精练的,简洁的(having substance and point)
(类)pithiness·aphorism=exaggeration·caricature 精炼·格言=夸张·讽刺画
(反)pithy ◆ prolixverbose diffuse wordy insubstantial insignificance
精练的 ◆ 冗长累赘的 无实质的 无关紧要
circumlocution ◆ pithy utters 累赘的话 ◆ 简练的话
(同)compact, epigrammatic, marrowy, meaty
(例)i enjoy reading his essays because they are always compact and pithy.

pitiless [] adj. 无情的,冷酷的(devoid of pity:merciless)
(反)pitiless ◆ clement 冷酷的 ◆ 仁慈的

pittance [] n. 施舍少量的钱;少量供应(a meager wage or remuneration)
(类)pittance·allowance=rivulet·stream 少量供应·定量供应=小溪·溪流
(反)pittance ◆ crop cornucopia 少量 ◆ 收获富饶

placate [] vt. 安抚,和解(to soothe or mollify)
(类)irascible·placate=insensate·conscious暴躁的·安抚=没感觉 的·有意识的
implacable·propitiated=inalienable·surrendered
无法平息的·劝解的=不可剥夺的·投降的(反义)
(反)placate ◆ peeve gall antagonize rile foment surprise
抚慰 ◆(使)气恼 使焦躁 使成敌人 激怒 刺激 使吃惊
(同)pacify, appease, assuage, conciliate, mollify,

placebo [] n.安慰剂(不含药性的制剂,开给病人仅仅为加强他康复的希望)

(类)placebo·innocuous=venom·toxious安慰剂·无害的=毒液·有 毒的(正面特征)
placebo·painkiller=backdrop·vista 安慰剂·止痛药=背景·远景(前虚后实)
【注】vista:an extensive or distant view 广阔而辽远的景色,远景

plagiarize [] vt. vi. 剽窃,抄袭(to steal as one’s own)
(类)plagiarism·ideas=forgery·documents=rus tling·cattle
剽窃·思想=伪造·文件=偷牛·牛(动宾关系)

plaintive [ ] adj. 伤心悲哀的,痛苦的
plangent [] adj.轰鸣的(having a loud reverberating sound)
(反)plangent ◆ muffled 轰鸣的 ◆ 无声的
(同)consonant, orotund, resounding, rotund, sonorant, vibrant

plantation [] n. 大农场,种植园
(类)plantation·tobacco=media·bacteria 种植园·烟草=培养基·细菌

plasticity [] n.可塑性,塑性
(反)plasticity ◆ rigidity 可塑性 ◆ 僵硬性

plateau [] n. 高地,高原,平台期,稳定状态(a relatively stable level, period, or state)
(类)plateau·change=respite·activity 平台期暂时不会改变=暂缓暂时不会行动
plateau·slope 高平原·斜坡(反面特征)

platitude [] n. 陈词滥调,陈腐(a banal, trite, or stale remark)
(类)platitude·banal=equivocation·ambiguous
陈词滥调·陈腐的=含糊话·意思含糊的(正面特征)
(反)platitude ◆ original observation 陈词滥调 ◆ 新颖的观测

plausible [] adj. 1. 似真实的,可靠的;2. 给人假象的,华而不实的(giving a
deceptive
impression of truth, acceptability, or reliability;specious)
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(类)rationalization·plausible=obfuscation·indis cernible(干扰:equivocation·definite)
文过饰非·给人假象的=困惑·难识别的(正面特征)
【注】 rationalize:vi. to provide plausible but untrue reasons for conduct 自圆其说,文过饰非
(反)implausible ◆ believable 难以置信的 ◆ 可相信的

pleat [] n. 褶,褶状物 vt. 使„打褶(to arrange in pleats)
(类)pleat·fold=perforate·hole 使打褶·褶皱=打孔·孔(行为及作用结果)

plentitude [] n. 充分
(反)plentitude ◆ dearth 充分大量 ◆ 稀少

plethora [] n. 过量,过剩(excess, superflutty;profusion, abundance)
(反)dearth缺乏 paucity 缺乏 scarcity 缺乏
(同)excess, overabundance, superfluity, surfeit, surplus, surplusage
(记)pleth(满)参考:ple nty丰富plentitude充分plenary全体出席的pleonastic罗嗦的

pliable [] adj. 易曲折的,柔软的,易受影响的,温顺的
(类)pliable·inflexible=static·move 易弯曲的·不易弯曲的=静止的·移动的
(反)pliable ◆ rigid difficult to crumble pertinacious 易曲折的 ◆ 坚定不变的不易碎的
固执的
(同)adaptable, ductile, malleable, moldable, pliant, supple

pliant [] adj.易受影响的,易弯曲的,顺从的(easily influenced)
(类)pliant·indomitable=model·differentiated 顺从的·不屈的=模范的·不同的 (反义)
pliant·yield=evanescent·disappear 易受影响的·屈服=容易消失的·消失(正面特征)
(反)pliant ◆ mulish intransigence intractable incorrigible unbending
顺从的 ◆ 固执的 不妥协 倔强的 无法修正的 难弯曲
pliant ◆ rigid 易弯曲的 ◆ 不灵活的
(同)adaptable, ductile, malleable, moldable, pliable, supple

plight [] n. 困境 (a situation, especially a bad or unfortunate one)
(反)plight ◆ favorable condition 困境 ◆ 有利的条件
(同)predicament, corner, dilemma, jam, pickle, scrape, spot
(记)本义婚约,誓约(pledge) 联想:婚姻让它进入困境

plodding [] adj. 沉重缓慢的,单调乏味的(working laboriously monotonously)
(反)plodding ◆ meteoric 沉重缓慢的 ◆ 疾速的
plod ◆ flit gambol 缓慢移动 ◆ 迅速飞过 雀跃
(同)dull, dreary, humdrum, monotonous, pedestrian, stodgy

pluck [] n. 勇气,精力(courageous readiness to fight)
(类)pluck·quit=pride·grovel 勇气不放弃=骄傲不卑躬屈膝
(反)pluck ◆ cowardice coward spinelessness 勇气 ◆ 怯弱 胆小 没有勇气
(同)courage,dauntlessness, heart

pluck 2 [] n. 猛拉;弹奏
(类)harp·pluck=horn·blow 竖琴·演奏=喇叭·吹(器具及其作用方式)
(反)plucky ◆ craven 勇敢 ◆ 懦弱

plumb [] vt. 用铅锤测定深度(to measure the depth of with a plumb)
(类)plumb·depth=assess·value=calibrate·diameter
测量·深度=评定·价值=校准·直径
plumb·depth =gauge·pressure=verify·accuracy
测量·深度=测量·压力=校验·精确性(动作及其相关对象)
(反)plumb ◆ horizontal 垂直的 ◆ 水平的

plumb 2 adv. 仔细深入地检查(to examine closely or deeply)
(反)plumb ◆ examine cursorily 仔细深入地检查 ◆ 粗略地检查
plumb ◆ examine superficially 仔细深入地检查 ◆ 肤浅地的检查

plummet [] v. 垂直或突然地堕下(to drop sharply and abruptly)
(类)fall- descend·plummet=move·dart 降落·垂直落下=移动·飞奔(程度)
plummet·fall=swerve·turn 突然地堕下·落下=突然转向·转向
(反)plummet ◆ rise sharply 垂直下落的 ◆ 急剧上升的

plump [] adj. 丰满的(having a full rounded)
(反)svelte ◆ plump 苗条的 ◆ 丰满的

plunge [  ] vi. 跳进,陷入,俯冲
(类)hover·plunge=crouch·spring 盘旋后俯冲=蹲伏后跳起

plutocracy [] n. 富豪统治
(类)plutocracy·wealth=geroncracy·age 富豪统治财富多=老人统治年龄大

podiatrist [] n. 足病医生
(类)podiatrist·feet=dermatologist·skin 足科病专家研究脚=皮肤病专家研究皮肤

pointless [  ] adj. 无意义的,不得要领的,没有目的的
polarize [] v.(使)对立,(使)两极分化(to break up into opposing factions or
groupings)
(反)coalesce 合并 make compatible 使一致 unity 联合

polemic [] adj. 争论的(the art or practice of disputation)
(类)polemic·disputatious=invective·abusive 好争论的·好争辩的=漫骂的·辱骂的(同义)
(反)polemical ◆ compromising conciliatory 好争论的 ◆ 妥协的 调和的

polished [] adj.精练的,优美的,有教养的(highly developed, finished)
(反)polished ◆ rustic untutored gauche 优美的 ◆ 粗俗的未受教育的粗鲁的

politic [] adj. 精明的,圆滑的,慎重的,策略的
(类)politic·offend=aloof·associate 圆滑的·冒犯=孤僻的·交往(反面特征)
(反)politic ◆ unsophisticatedinjudicious 精明的 ◆ 单纯的判断不当的
(例)His inauguration as president marked the culmination of his political career.

pollster [] n. 民意测验专家(one that takes public-opinion surveys)
(类)pollster·canvass=exponent·advocate 民意测验者·民意调查=倡导者·提倡(正面特
征)

pompous [] adj. 傲慢的,自大的,夸大的(self- importance;arrogant)
(类)pompous·bombast=exaggerated·hyperbole
浮夸的·夸大的言辞=夸大的·夸张法 (正面特征)

ponderable [] adj. 有价值的,有重量的(significant enoug:appreciable)
(反)ponderable ◆ inappreciable 有价值的 ◆ 微不足道的

ponderous [] adj. 笨重的,笨拙的(of very great weight)
(反)ponderous ◆ ethereal gossamer lively slight vibrant briskly
笨重的 ◆ 轻飘飘的 轻微的 活泼的
(同)heavy,cumbersome,hefty,massive,eighty

pontificate [] v. 自大武断地做,装模作样的说话(to speak or express opinions in
a
pompous or dogmatic way)
(类)pontificate·speak=strut·walk=swagger·walk
傲慢的说·说话=大摇大摆的走·走=大摇大摆的走·走(程度)
(反)pontificate ◆ comment tentatively speak diffidently speak modestly
自大武断地说 ◆ 试探性的评论注释 缺乏自信地说 谦虚地说

porcelain [] n. 瓷,瓷器
(类)glaze·porcelain=varnish·wood=veneer·f urniture
釉·瓷器=表面清漆·木材=饰面·家具(事物及其表面装饰物质)
clay·porcelain=flax·linen 粘土·瓷器=亚麻·亚麻布(事物及其原料)

pore [] n. 毛孔,气孔,细孔
(类)pore·membrane =door·room 孔·隔膜=门·房间 (事物及其入口)

porous adj. 可渗透的(capable of being penetrated)
(类)porous·liquid=transparent·light 可渗透的· 液体=透明的· 光
porous·penetrate=fragile·break 可渗透的容易被穿透=易碎的容易被打破
(反)porous ◆ impenetrable 可渗透的 ◆ 无法穿透的

portentous [] adj. 前兆的,不寻常的(eliciting amazement or wonder)
(反)portentous ◆ regular 不寻常的 ◆ 规则的

portfolio [] n. 公事包;投资组合(a group of investments);部长职务
(类)portfolio·securities=dossier·reports 投资组合·有价证券=材料汇编·报告(组成关系)

poseur [] n. 装模作样的人(a person who pretends to be what he is not)
(类)poseur·sincerity=recluse·gr egariousness装摸做样的人·真诚=隐居者·群居 (反面
特征) poser·sincere=recluse·gregarious 装摸做样的人·真诚的=隐居者·社交
(反面特征)
poseur·unaffected=stickler·derelict
装模做样的人·真挚的=一丝不苟的人·缺乏责任感的(反面特征)
(反)poseur ◆ sincere person 装模作样的人 ◆ 真诚的人

posit [] v.假设,假定(to assume or affirm the existence of·postuate)
(反)posit ◆ deny as false 假设假定 ◆ 否认

postulate [] v. 假定为真(depend upon or start from the postulate of)
(反)postulate ◆ deny as false 假定为真 ◆ 认定为假的
(同)assume, presuppose, posit, premise, presume

posture [] vi. 故作姿态(to assume an artificial attitude)
(类)posturer·unaffected=bigot·tolerant 故作姿态的人不真挚=不容异己的人不宽容
(反)posture ◆ behave naturally 作姿势 ◆ 自然的举止

potable [] adj. 适于饮用的(suitable for drinking)
(类)potable·beverage=habitable·dwelling 适于饮用的·饮料=可以居住的·住处 (同义)
water·potable= meat·edible 水·可以饮用的= 食物·可以吃的
(反)potable ◆ undrinkable 适于饮用的 ◆ 不能饮用的

potboiler [] n. 粗制滥造的文艺作品(a work of poor quality, produced quickly for
profit)
(类)doggerel·verse=potboiler·article 歪诗·诗=粗制的作品·艺术品(种属)
(记)源自短语 boil(煮沸) the pot(壶)谋生,糊口

potentate [] n. 有权的人,统治者(one who wields great power)
(类)potentate·power=virtuoso·skill 当权者·权力=艺术名家·技艺
(反)potentate ◆ subjectpowerless person 统治者 ◆ 臣服者无势力的人
(记)potent有力的,有效的 参考:impotent阳痿的

potential [] adj. 潜在的,有可能性的
(例)Every seed is a potential plant. 每粒种子都可能长成植物。

potentiate [] vt. 加强(to make more effective or more active)
(反)potentiate ◆ deactivate 加强 ◆ 使无效

pout [] vt. vi. 撅嘴,绷脸(to show displeasure by thrusting out the lips)
(类)pout·displeasure=wince·pain=smile·pleasure= sneer·contempt
撅嘴·不悦=退缩·疼痛=微笑·愉快=冷笑·蔑视(动作体现情感)
(反)pout ◆ grin 撅嘴 ◆ 露齿笑

practitioner [  ] n. 实践者,专业人士(one who practices a profession)
(反)fledgling菜鸟,无经验之人;quack冒充内行的人,庸医

prairie [] n. 大草原,牧场
(类)prairie·tree=albino·pigment 大草原·树=白化病·颜色(缺乏关系)

prate [] vi. 闲聊,空谈(to talk long and idly)
(类)prate·speak=saunter·walk 闲聊·说话=闲逛·行走(动作的闲和正常)
drawl·slow= prate·aimless懒洋洋说·慢=闲聊·无目的(正面特征)
(同)chat, babble, chatter gabble, prattle, vaunt

preach [] vt. vi. 传道,讲道,鼓吹,宣讲,说教(to deliver a sermon)
(类)preacher·sermon=nitpicker·criticize= quibbler·cavil
传教士·布道=吹毛求疵者·挑剔=吹毛求疵者·挑剔(正面特征)
(同)evangelize, sermonize, preachify, sermonize

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59 蓝宝GRE笔考词汇突破核心词汇 蓝宝GRE笔考词汇突破核心词汇
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precarious [] adj. 不稳定的(characterized by a lack of security)
(反)precarious ◆ secure stable safe firmly grounded
不稳定的 ◆ 安全的 稳定的 安全的 稳定的
(同)doubtful, ambiguous, dubious, equivocal, impugnable, indecisive
(记)pre 提前+cari(=care当心)提前当心→危险的,不稳定的

precedent [] adj. 在先的,先前的 n. 先例,前例(prior in time, order)
(类)unique·precedent=unexceptionable·oppose 独一无二的没有先例=无懈可击的无法
攻击
simpleton·precedent=turncoat·constancy 笨蛋不会成为典范=变节者不会忠诚不变
preempt·precedence=acquire·possession 取得优先权·优先权=占有·占有
物(动宾)
(同)antecedent, anterior, former, past, previous, prior

precipice [] n. 悬崖(a very steep or overhanging place)
(类)precipice·steepness=defi le·narrowness悬崖·险峻=隘路·狭窄(正面)
(反)precipitous ◆ level陡峭的 ◆ 平坦的

precipitate [] v. 加速,使突然陷入;adj. 匆忙的,鲁莽的(to bring about
abruptly)
(反)precipitate ◆ retarddilatorydeliberate 加速的匆忙的 ◆ 减速的缓慢的有准备的
(例)precipitate a country into a crisis使一个国家突然陷入危机

precipitation [] n.急躁;降雨(量)(something precipitated)
(类)snow·precipitation=hurricane·cyclone 雪·降水=飓风·气旋 (种属)
(同)haste,hastiness, hurriedness, precipitancy, rush

precipitous [] adj. 非常陡峭的(very steep, perpendicular)
(反)precipitous ◆ gradually slopingslope slowly 非常陡峭的 ◆ 逐渐倾斜慢慢倾斜
(同)abrupt, hasty, headlong, hurried, impetuous,

preclude [] v. 预防;阻止(prevent)
(反)preclude ◆ to make possibleenclose 阻止 ◆ 使可能 装入
(例)Modesty precludes me from accepting the honor. 谦逊阻止我接受这一荣誉

precocious [] adj. 早熟的,尤指心理早熟的
(记)pre(早)+coc(=cook 烹调,煮)联想:过早烹调→早熟,早成

preconception [  ] n. 先入之见,成见
precursor [] n. 先驱者,先导
(反)precursor ◆ sequela 先驱 ◆ 后继者
precursory ◆ derivative 先驱的 ◆ 衍生而来的
(同)ancestor, antecedent, foregoer, predecessor, prototype

predecessor [] n. 前任,先辈
(类)legacy·predecessor=gift·donor 遗产来自先辈=赠品来自捐赠人
(同)forerunner, ancestor, antecedent, foregoer, precursor

predilection [] n. 爱好,偏袒
(反)predilection ◆ propensity to dislike 爱好 ◆ 倾向于讨厌
(记)pre(倾向)+dilect(=delight 高兴)→爱好 参考: dilettante业余爱好者

predicament [  ] n.困境
predisposition [] n. 易患病的体质;倾向,癖性
preeminent [] adj. 优秀的,卓越的(having paramount rank,dignity)
(类)preeminence·importance=preponderance·weight 卓越具有重要性=优势具有分量
(反)preeminent ◆ negligibility 卓越的 ◆ 可忽略,不重要
efface ◆ bring to preeminent 抹去 ◆ 使出类拔萃
(同)incomparable, surpassing, transcendent, unequalable,unsurpassable
(例)the king traveled to boston because he wanted the preeminent surgeon in the field to
perform the operation.

preempt [] v. 以先买权取得,取代(take precedence over)
(类)preempt·precedence=acquire·possession 取得优先权·优先权=占有·占有物(动宾)

preen [] v. 整理羽毛;打扮修饰(primp)自满(to take pride in (oneself))
(类)preen·self-satisfaction=fume·anger 自满·自我满意=发怒· 愤怒(同义)
ingenuous·dissemble=raffish·preen=polite·snub
坦白的不掩饰=粗俗的不打扮=有礼貌的不怠慢
(反)preen ◆ rumple 打扮 ◆ 弄皱

preface [] n. 序文,前言(the introductory remarks of a speaker)
(类)preface·book=overture·symphony 前言·书序=曲·交响乐(事物及开始)
(反)preface ◆ epilogue 前言 ◆ 尾声
prefatory ◆ conclusive 前言的 ◆ 结尾的

pregnant [] adj. 含有深意的;有创造力的(inventive)
(反)inane ◆ expressive meaningful pregnant significant weighty
空洞空虚 ◆ 富于表情的 意味深长的 充满的 有意义的 有影响力的

prejudice

premeditate [  ] v. 预先考虑;预谋(plan in advance)
(反)premeditated ◆ offhand spontaneous 预谋的 ◆ 即兴的自发的

preoccupation [] n. 全神贯注(extreme concern with something);当务
之急
(反)preoccupation ◆ unconcern 全神贯注 ◆ 漠不关心

preponderant [] adj. 占优势的,压倒性的 (having superior weight)
(类)preponderance·weight=preeminence·importance 优势有分量=卓越有重要性
(反)preponderant ◆ commensuratesubsidiary 优势的 ◆ 相称的辅助的
preponderate ◆ secondary 重要的 ◆ 次要的
(同)ascendant, paramount, predominant, prevalent, sovereign

prepossessing [] adj. 吸引人的,有魅力的 (attractive)
(反)unprepossessing ◆ entrancingwinsome 不吸引人的 ◆ 使入神的迷人的

preposterous [] adj. 荒谬的(contrary to nature, reason, or common)
(反)preposterous ◆ commonsensical 荒谬的 ◆ 常识的
(同)foolish,absurd,crazy,harebrained,insane,loony, silly,wacky
(记)pre前+poster后→前后颠倒的→荒谬的 参考:posterior较晚的,后部的

prerogative [  ] n. 独有的权利,特权
list 26 presage -------- purlieu
presage [] vt. 成为...的前兆,预示,预言(foretell, predict)
(类)harbinger·presage=archetype·exemplify 预言者预言=范例例示
(同)betoken, bode, forebode, foreshadow, omen, promise
(例)the vultures flying overhead presaged the discovery of the corpse in the desert.

prescience [] n. 预知,先见(foreknowledge of events)
(类)prescience·future=erudition·esoteric 预知·未来=博学·深奥
prescient·predict=dexterous·manipulate 预见性的·预言=灵巧的·熟练操作
(反)myopia ◆ prescience 短见的 ◆ 预计

prescription [] n. 处方;命令,指示
(类)indiscretion·convention=overdose· prescription
行为不检点·规矩习俗=过量用药·药方(前者违背后者)

prescriptive [  ] a. 规定的,指定的,约定俗成的

preservative [] n. 预防法,预防药,防腐剂
(类)preservative ·decay=anchor·drifting=censorship·communication =seal·leakage
防腐剂·腐烂=锚·飘流=审查·信息=密封·泄漏(防止关系)

prestige [] n. 声望,威望(standing in the eyes of people)
(类)abase·prestige=damp·ardor 降低地位·特权=抑制·热情 (动宾关系)
eclipse·prestige=enfeeble·vigor 丧失威望·声望=使衰弱·精力(动作及其对象)

presumptuous [] adj. 放肆的(taking liberties)
(类 )presumptuous·propriety=transgression·morality 放肆·恰当=犯罪·道德(违反关系)
(反)presumptuous ◆ humble 专横的 ◆ 微贱的
(同) brash, overconfident, overweening, presuming, pushing, uppity

pretense [] n. 虚假,伪装
(类)pretense·deceive=admonition·reprove 假装·欺骗=警告·责备(目的)
(同)mask, cloak, facade, guise, masquerade

preternatural [] adj. 超自然的,超乎寻常的(extraordinary)
(反)preternatural ◆ ordinary prosaic 超乎寻常的 ◆ 平凡的

prevail [] vi. 获胜,成功(to gain ascendancy through strength)
(反)prevail ◆ yielding 获胜 ◆ 屈服
(同)conquer, overcome, triumph,rule, predominate, preponderate, reign

prevalent [] adj. 流行的,普遍的(generally or widely accepted)
(反)prevalent ◆ unusualabsent 普遍的 ◆ 与众不同的缺少的
(同)overbearing, paramount, predominant, preponderant, sovereign

prevaricate [] vi. 支吾搪塞,撒谎(to deviate from the truth)
(类)prevarication·deceive=blandishment·coax 搪塞·欺骗=哄诱·哄(行为及其目的)
prevaricater·mislead=philanthropist·endow 支吾搪塞者·误导=慈善家·捐赠(正面特
征)
(反)prevarication ◆ veracity 支吾搪塞 ◆ 说真话
(例)some people believe that to prevaricate in a good cause is justifiable and regard the
statement as a 出于好意搪塞是合情理的,人们称之为“white lie”

primacy [] n. 首位,卓越
primordial [] adj. 原始的(existing in the beginning)
(反)primordial ◆ most recent 原始的 ◆ 最近的
(同)early, primitive, primary, prime

primp [] vt. vi. 精心打扮(to dress, adorn in a finicky manner)
(类)primp·vain=gloat·smug 打扮·虚荣=心满意足·自鸣得意的(动作表内心)
(记)imp小鬼;联想:打扮得象小鬼一样。

principal [] adj. 主要的,重要的(most important, consequential)
(反)principal ◆ subordinate 主要的 ◆ 次要的

pristine [] adj. 原始的,纯净的,质朴的(not spoiled, corrupted;original, pure)
(类)pristin e·decay=stable·fluctuation=still·movement
原始的·腐烂=稳定的·起伏=静止的·运动(反义)
adulterate·pristine= demand·satisfactory=dismantle·unity
掺假·纯净=苛求·满意=拆除·完整(行为及其消除对象)
(反)pristine ◆ taint squalid contaminated corrupted by civilization
纯洁的 ◆ 污点的 肮脏的 污染的 被文明破坏了的

privation [] n.缺乏,穷困(the state of being deprived)
(反)privation ◆ repletion 缺乏 ◆ 充满
(同)absence, dearth, default, defect, lack, want

probe [] v. 探索,探查(to make a searching exploratory investigation)
(类)probe·investigate=cavil·criticize 探索是深入的调查=挑剔是苛刻的批评
(派)probation试用期

probity [] n. 正直 (adherence to the highest principles)
(反)probity ◆ unscrupulousnessshiftness 正直 ◆ 狂妄 奸诈
improbity ◆ honesty 不正直 ◆ 诚实
(同)morality, rectitude, righteousness, rightness, uprightness, virtue

proclamation [] n. 宣布,文告,公告,声明
proclivity [] n. 癖性,偏好(a natural propensity or inclination)

(反)proclivity ◆ aversion antipathy disinclination 倾向 ◆ 厌恶 反感 憎恶

procrastinate [] v. 耽搁,拖延
(类)alacrity·procrastinate=husbandry·dissipate 爽快·拖延=节约·挥霍
dilatory·procrastinate=malcontent·complain 拖拉的·耽搁=不满的·抱怨 (同义)
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(反)procrastination ◆ diligence 懒散 ◆ 勤奋
(同)delay, dally, dawdle, linger, loiter, poke, put off, tarry

procure [] vt. 获得,取得,促成(to get possession of)
(反)procure ◆ relinquish 获得 ◆ 放弃

prod [] vt. 戳,刺;刺激 (to incite to action:stir)
(类)nudge·prod=doze·sleep 轻推·推动=瞌睡·睡觉(程度)
(反)prod ◆ rein 刺激 ◆ 抑制

prodigal [] adj. 浪费的,挥霍的,放荡的
(类)generosity·prodigality=courage·rashness 慷慨·挥霍=勇气·鲁莽(褒贬)
prodigality·spending=gluttony·eating 浪费·花费=暴食·吃(过度与正常)
spendthrift·prodigal=miser·parsimonious 挥霍者·挥霍的=守财奴·吝啬的(正面特
征)
(反)prodigal ◆ frugal parsimonious 浪费的 ◆ 节省的 吝啬的
prodigality ◆ penury husbandry 浪费挥霍 ◆ 贫困节约
(同)profuse , exuberant, lavish, luxuriant, opulent, profusive, riotous

prodigious [] adj. 庞大的,巨大的 异常的,惊人的
prodigy [] n.惊人的事物,不凡的人,神童
(类)prodigy·person=miracle·occurrence 不凡的人·人=奇事·事件 (种属)
(反)prodigious ◆ slight 巨大的 ◆ 微小的
(同) marvel, miracle, phenomenon, portent, sensation, stunner

profane [] v. 亵渎,玷污
(类)profane·inviolable=pierce·impenetrable= change·immutable
亵渎·不可亵渎的=穿破·无法穿破的=改变·不可改变的
(反)profane ◆ treat relevantly 亵渎 ◆ 体贴的对待
profaned ◆ unviolated inviolable 亵渎的 ◆ 未受侵害的神圣的
(同)obscene,coarse,dirty, filthy, foul, indecent, nasty, smutty, vulgar

proffer [] v. 献出,赠送 n. 提议(to present for acceptance)
(反)proffer ◆ retainwithhold 提供 ◆ 保留保留
(同)offer,extend,give,hold out,pose,present,tender

proficient [] adj. 熟练的,精通的
(反)proficient ◆ ineptincompetent 精通的 ◆ 无能的无法胜任的

profligate [] adj. 挥金如土的 n. 挥霍者(wildly extravagant)
(类)profligate·money=querulous·words
挥金如土的·金钱=多话的·话(形容词及其相关对象)
profligate·solvent=mercurial·committed
挥霍的·还得起债的=活泼多变的·受约束的(反义)
(反)profligate ◆ parsimonious provident thrift economize frugality
挥霍的 ◆ 吝啬的 节俭的 节俭的 节俭 节俭
(同)abandoned, dissolute, licentious, reprobate, unprincipled
(例)the profligacy and dissolution of life in caligula's rome appall some historians.

profundity [] n. 深奥,深刻
(反)profundity ◆ superficiality 深刻 ◆ 肤浅

profusion [] n.丰富,大量,浪费 (great quantity:lavish)
(反)profusion ◆ paucity 大量 ◆ 极小量
profuse ◆ scanty 丰富的 ◆ 缺乏的

prohibitive [] adj. (价格)昂贵的,让人望而却步的;禁止的;阻止的
(类)veto·prohibitive=overture·introductory 否决·禁止的=引言·引言的(名形同义)
peremptory·dispute=prohibi tive·purchase专横的阻止争辩=价格过高的阻止购买

proliferate [] v. 增生扩散(to increase in number by proliferating)
(反)proliferate ◆ decrease in mountdwindle 增生 ◆ 数量减少缩小
barren ◆ prolific 不育的 ◆ 大量繁殖的

prolix [] adj.罗嗦的,冗长的(marked by or using an excess of words)
(类)aphorism·prolix euphemism·offensive=格言不会冗长的=委婉的说法不会令人不快的
(反)prolix ◆ pithy taciturn terse 冗长的 ◆ 精炼的沉默寡言的精炼的
prolixity ◆ succinctness conciseness extreme brevity 冗长 ◆ 简洁简洁非常简洁
(同)wordy, diffuse, redundant, verbose, windy

prologue [] n. 序言(an introduction or a preface)
(类)prologue·novel=preamble·statute 序言·小说=导言·法令
(反)prologue ◆ epilogue 序言 ◆ 结尾

prolong [] vt. 延长,拖延(to lengthen in extent, scope, or range)
(反)prolong ◆ truncate 延长 ◆ 截短
(同)extend, draw, elongate, lengthen, prolongate, protract, stretch

proofread [] vt. 校对(to read (copy or proof) in order to find errors and mark
corrections)
(类)diagnose·treat=pr oofread·correct诊断·治疗=校对·纠正(目的)
(记)proof(证据)+read→为找错误证据进行的阅读→校正

promulgate [] vt. 正式宣布(announce officially)
(反)promulgate ◆ keep secret 正式宣布 ◆ 保密

propagate [] vt.繁殖;传播,普及(to cause to spread out)
(反)propagate ◆ check fail to mutiply 普及 ◆ 阻遏没有普及
propagation ◆ extirpation 繁殖 ◆ 根除
(同)circulate, diffuse, disperse, disseminate, distribute, strew

propensity [] n. 习性;倾向(an often intense natural inclination)
(反)propensity ◆ aversion 倾向 ◆ 厌恶
(同)disposition, inclination, penchant, predilection, proclivity

prophetic [] adj. 预言的,预示的(foretelling events:apocalyptic,oracular)
(类)oracle·prophe cy=mentor·guidance神谕·预言=导师·指导(人物及职能)

propitiate [] vt. 慰抚,安抚,和解(to gain or regain the favor)
(类)implacable·propit iated=inalienable·surrendered
不可平息的·平息的=不可剥夺的·放弃所有的(反义)
(反)propitiate ◆ incense antagonize arouse hostility 劝解 ◆ 激怒 使反感 引起对抗
(同)pacify, appease, assuage, conciliate, mollify, placate, sweeten

propitious [] adj. 适合的;吉祥的,慈悲的(favorably disposed)
(反)propitious ◆ unfavorableinauspicious 吉利的 ◆ 不利的不吉利的
(同)favorable,auspicious,benign, bright, fortunate, white

proponent [] n. 建议者,支持者
(反)proponent ◆ detractor 支持者 ◆ 诋毁者

propound [ ] v. 提出„供讨论(to offer for discussion or consideration)
(记)来自propose v. 建议,向„提议

propriety [] n.适当
(类)indecorous·propriety=boorish·sensitivity 不得体的·适当=粗野的·敏感(缺乏关系)

prosaic [] adj. 单调的,无趣的,平凡的
(反)prosaic ◆ exceptional imaginary exciting extraordinary preternatural
平凡的 ◆ 杰出的 想象的 令人兴奋的 杰出的 超自然的
ingenious ◆ prosaic 有独创性的 ◆ 平凡的(干扰:spontaneous)
(同)commonplace, everyday, lowly, mundane, workaday, workday

prose [ ] n. 散文;平凡,乏味

proscribe [] v.(当作危险物而)禁止,排斥(to condemn or forbid)
(反)proscribe ◆ sanction 禁止 ◆ 允许
proscribed ◆ permitted 禁止的 ◆ 允许的
proscription ◆ permission 禁止 ◆ 允许
(同)sentence, condemn, damn, doom,prohibit

prosecution [] n. 实行;经营;起诉
(类)prosecution·conviction=mediation·compromise
起诉·定罪=调停·妥协(动作及其结果)

proselytize [] vi. 劝诱改宗(to recruit or convert especially to a new faith or
cause)
(类)proselytizer·convert=hunter·quarry 劝诱改宗的人寻求皈依者=猎人寻求猎物
proselytizer·convert=salesperson·buy 劝诱改宗的人劝别人皈依=售货员劝别人购买

prospect [] v. 探察,考察(to explore(a region) for mineral deposits or oil.)
(类)prospect·mineral=investigate·information 勘探矿产·矿产=调查·信息

prosperous [] adj. 成功的,繁盛的,幸运的(enjoying vigorous and healthy growth)
(类)palmy·prosperity=draconian·severity 繁荣的·繁荣=严峻的·严肃
(反)prosperous ◆ depressed 繁荣的 ◆ 萧条的
impecunious ◆ wealthyprosperousaffluent 贫穷的 ◆ 富有的繁荣的富裕的
(同)flourishing, booming, prospering, roaring, robust

prostrate [] adj. 拜倒的,降伏的,伏地的(stretched out with face on the ground in
adoration or submission);沮丧的;衰竭的
(反)prostrate ◆ erect upright 伏地的 ◆ 直立的垂直的
(同)prone, decumbent, flat, procumbent, reclining, recumbent

protagonist [] n. 主演,主角,主唱者
protean [] adj. 千变万化的,变化不定的(displaying great diversity)
(类)protean·rigid=circular·asymmetrica 变化多端的·呆板的=圆形的·不对称的(反义)
(反)protean ◆ static 变化不定的 ◆ 固定的
(同)changeable, fluid, mobile, mutable, unsettled, unstable, variable

protocol [] n. 外交礼节,协议
(类)protocol·blunder=bumper·damage 外交礼节·大错误=缓冲器·伤害 (防止关系)

protract [] v.延长,拖长(to prolong in time or space)
(类)protract·length=throng·number 延长·长度=群集·数量 (动宾关系)
(反)protract ◆ curtail abridge abbreviate 延长 ◆ 缩减删减缩短
transient ◆ protracted 短暂 ◆ 拖延的
(同)extend, elongate, lengthen, prolongate, stretch

protrude [] v.突出(to push or thrust outward)
(反)protrude ◆ concave 隆起 ◆ 凹陷
(记)trude伸出 参考:extrude 伸出 intrude闯入protrusive突出的

protuberant [] adj. 隆起的,凸出的,显著的(prominent, obtrusive)
(反)protuberant ◆ depressed 突起的 ◆ 下陷的
protrude ◆ concave 隆起 ◆ 凹陷
protuberance ◆ concavity 隆起 ◆ 凹陷
(记)tuber块茎,凸起

provident [] adj. 深谋远虑的;节俭的
(反)provident ◆ profligate 节俭的 ◆ 挥霍的
(同)chary, economical, frugal, saving, scotch,thrifty
(例)in his usual provident manner, he had insured himself against this type of loss.

providential [] adj. 天意的,幸运的(happening as if through divine intervention)
(反)providential ◆ unfortunatemishap 幸运的 ◆ 不幸的
(同)opportune, lucky, fortunate, happy, well
(记)来自providence天意 比较:provide provident providence providential provision
providing provided provisional provisionary provisory

provincial [] adj. 省的,地方的,偏狭的(limited in outlook)
(类)provincial·cosmopolitan=bigot·tolerant 狭隘的不会四海为家=不容异己的人不会容忍
(反)ecumenical ◆ factionalismprovincial 世界范围的 ◆ 党派主义狭隘的
(同)insular, local, parochial, sectarian, small-town ,narrow

provisional [] adj.暂时的,暂定的,临时的(serving for the time being)
(反)provisional ◆ definitive 暂时性的 ◆ 决定性的
(同)conditional,provisionary,provisory,te ntative,temporary
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provisory [] adj. 有附文的,有附带条件的,暂时的
(反)provisory ◆ unconditional 有条件的 ◆ 无条件的
(同)conditional,pro visional,provisionary,tentative

provoke [] vt. 激怒,惹起,驱使(to call forth)
(类)taunt·provoke=plot·outwit 嘲弄·挑拨=密谋·以智取胜(目的)
(反)choleric ◆ difficult to provoke 易怒的 ◆ 难以激怒的
jejune ◆ thought provoking 枯燥乏味的 ◆ 发人深省的
(同)evoke,irritate, aggravate, inflame, pique, rile, roil

prowess [] n. 英勇,勇敢(distinguished bravery)
(反)prowess ◆ timid 英勇 ◆ 胆怯
(同)heroism, gallantry, valiance, valor

prowl [] v. 巡游以猎取食物(to move about stealthily in or as if in search of prey)
(类)prowl·prey=reconnoiter·info rmation巡游·猎物=侦察·信息 (目的)

prude [] n. 装成规矩的女人,过分正经的女人
(类)prude·proper=fanatic·devoted 过分正经的人·正经的=狂热者·投入的
(同)bluenose, goody-goody, prig, puritan

prudent [] adj. 审慎的,精明的,节俭的(marked by circumspection)
(类)prudence·daredevil=sagacity·simpleton 谨慎·蛮勇的人=睿智·笨蛋
(反)fool ◆ prudent傻的 ◆ 精明的
(同)discreet,wise , judgmatic, judicious, sage, sane, sapient, sensible

prudery [] n. 过分拘谨,故作正经,假道学(prude)
(记)与crude粗鲁正好形成对比

prudish [] adj. 装淑女样子的,过分规矩的(marked by prudery)
(类)modest·prudish=scholarly·pedantic 正派的·过分规矩的=学者的·学究的(褒贬)
prudish·propriety=finicky·quality 过分规矩的·适当=过分讲究的·质量
(同)prim, genteel, priggish, prissy, proper, puritanical,
(例)He sang a ribald song that offended many of the more prudish listeners.

prune [] n.梅干;v.修剪
(类)prune·hedge=trim·hair修整·障碍物=整理修整·头发
pru ne·plum=raisin·grape梅干·梅子(李子)=葡萄干·葡萄(水果干和水果)
(例)with the help of her editor, she was able to prune her manuscript into publishable form.


pry [] v 刺探,打听(to look closely or inquisitively);撬开
(类)pry·watch=connive·cooperate 窥探·注视=暗中合作·合作(偷偷和正常)
prying·inquisitive=garish·colorful 爱打听的·好奇的=过分妆饰的·华丽的(褒贬)

pseudonym [] n. 假名;笔名
(类)pseudonym·name=mask·face 假名·名字=面具·脸(掩饰关系)

psychology [] n. 心理学,心理状态
(类)motivation·psychologist=fungi·ecologist 动机·心理学家=真菌·生态学家(研究对象)

pucker [] v. 折叠;噘嘴(to contract into folds or wrinkles)
(类)pucker·mouth=squint·eye 噘嘴·嘴巴=斜视·眼(人物器官及其特殊形态)

puckish [] adj.精灵似的;爱恶作剧的,淘气的,顽皮的
(反)puckish ◆ sober grave staid 淘气的 ◆ 严肃的严肃的>认真的
(同)playful, impish, mischievous, prankish, waggish, wicked

puerile [] adj. 幼稚的,儿童的(childish, immature,infantile )
(反)puerile ◆ sagacious 幼稚的 ◆ 精明的
(例)his puerile pranks sometimes offended his more mature friends. 【注】pranks胡闹

puffery [ ] n. 极力称赞,夸大广告,吹捧(puff)
puissance [] n. 权力,权势,力量,影响(power; might)
(反)puissance ◆ powerlessness 权势 ◆ 没有影响
(例)we must keep his friendship for he will make a puissant ally.
(记)谐音:溥仪三思。联想:末代皇帝每天再三思考怎样夺回权力。参考:puissant强有力的

pulchritude [] n. 美丽(physical comeliness)
(反)pulchritude ◆ ugliness homeliness 美丽 ◆ 丑陋不好看
pulchritudinous ◆ hideous 美丽的 ◆ 丑陋的

pullet [] n. 小母鸡;小姑娘
(类)pullet·chicken=filly·horse 小母鸡·鸡=小雌马·马

pulverize [] v. 研磨成粉,破坏(to reduce as by crushing to very small particles:
atomize)
(反)pulverize ◆ solidify 粉碎 ◆ 巩固
(同)destroy, decimate, demolish, destruct, dynamite,

pun [] n. 双关语(a joke using words with similar sounds or two different meanings)
(类)pun·joke=supernova·star=termite·insect
双关语·玩笑=超新星·恒星=白蚁· 昆虫(种属)

punch line n.(笑话的)妙语(the sentence, statement, or phrase as in a joke that makes the point)
(类)joke·punch line=plot·denouement 笑话·妙语=情节·结局(事物之结局)
【注】所谓妙语就是中国相声中那句抖开包袱的话;至此笑话结束。

punctilious [] adj. 注意细节的,一丝不苟的;拘泥于细节的,刻板的
(反)punctilious ◆ remiss slipshod 一丝不苟的 ◆ 玩忽职守的 马虎的
(同)conscientious, exact, fussy, meticulous, painstaking, scrupulous
(记)punc(针,刺)联想:连针尖大小的东西都→一丝不苟;参考:puncture刺

pundit [] n.权威人士,专家(pandit, teacher, critic)
(类)authoritativeness·pundits= allegiance·partisans 权威·权威人士=忠诚·党徒(正面特征)

pungent [] adj. 辛辣的,刺激性的,严厉的 (causing a sharp or irritating sensation)
(类)pungent·odor=caustic·comment 刺激性的·气味=刻薄的·评论
(反)pungency ◆ blandness 辛辣 ◆ 乏味
(同)peppery, piquant, poignant, racy, snappy, spicy, zesty

puny [] adj. 微小的,弱小的,微不足道的 (slight in power, size, or importance)
(类)puny·weakly=measly·contemptibly 微不足道的·软弱的=微不足道的·卑微的(同
义)
(反)puny ◆ enormous 微小的 ◆ 巨大的
(同) measly, niggling, paltry, piddling, trifling, trivial
(例)our puny efforts to stop the flood were futile.

purity [] n.纯净,纯洁,纯度(the quality or state of being pure)
(类)distill·purity=leaven·volume 蒸馏·纯度=发酵·体积 (前者加强后者)
purify·imperfection=verify·doubtfulness 净化·不完美=查证·疑问(前者消除后者)
purification·dross=desalinization·salt 提纯剩下糟粕=脱盐剩下盐分
impurity·filter=mosquito·netting 杂质·过滤器=蚊子·用网捕捉
purist·adulteration=stickler·approximation 纯粹主义者反对搀假=坚持己见的人反对
近似
(反)inviolable ◆ profane impure 不可亵渎的 ◆ 亵渎的不纯的

purlieu [] n. 森林边缘地;常去的地方(a frequently visited place)
(类)extraordinary·purlieu=taut·commodiousness 非凡的·平常=紧张的·宽松(反义)
(反)purlieu ◆ an unfrequent placeinfrequently visited place 常去的地方 ◆ 不常见的地


list 27 purloin----------- redolent
purloin [] . 偷窃,盗取(to appropriate wrongfully and often by a breach of
trust)
(类)lurk·wait= abscond·depart (干扰:purloin·appropriate 盗窃·盗用)
潜伏·等=潜逃·离开 (偷偷·正常)
(同)steal, appropriate, cabbage, filch, pilfer, pinch,thieve

purvey [] v.(大量)供给,供应
(类)vendor·purvey=censor·expurgate 卖主·供给=审查员·删除(人及典型行为)

pusillanimous [] adj. 懦弱的(lacking courage and resolution)
(反)pusillanimous ◆ stouthearteddauntlessvalianc 胆小的 ◆ 胆大勇猛的
temerity ◆ pusillanimitycircumspection 卤莽 ◆ 优柔寡断慎重
(同)coward, craven, gutless, poltroon, spunkless

quack [] v. 鸭呷呷叫n. 庸医,骗子
(反)quack ◆ honest practitioner 骗子 ◆ 诚实从业者

quaff [] vt. vi. 一口气喝干,大口地喝(to drink(a beverage)deeply)
(类)quaff·sip=stride·mince 大口喝·啜饮=迈大步走·碎步走(程度)
(记)谐音“夸父”联想:夸父追日追得口渴,所以要大口饮水。

quail [] vi. 胆怯,畏缩(to recoil in dread or terror)
(反)quail ◆ become resolute give bold 畏缩 ◆ 变得坚决 使大胆

qualified [] adj. 合格的,受限制的 (limited or modified in some way)
(类)qualify·general=mitigate·severe 限定·一般的=减轻·严重的(消除关系)
(反)qualified ◆ unreserved absolute categorical 受限制的 ◆ 无受限制的 绝对的 绝
对的

qualm [ ] n. 疑惧,忧虑;内疚,良心责备
quandary [] n. 困惑,窘境,进退两难(a state of perplexity or doubt)
(反)quandary ◆ state of complete certainty 进退两难 ◆ 胸有成竹
(记)谐音“宽带”联想:宽带网由于价格问题目前的发展处于进退两难。

quarantine [] n. 隔离检疫期,隔离(to isolate from normal relations)
(类)quarantine·contact=embargo·commerce 隔离·接触=禁运·贸易(防止)
quarantine·contamination=safeguard·accident 隔离·污染=保护措施·事故 (防止)

quarry [] n. 采石场
(类)quarry·stone=fell·timber=mine·ore
采石场·石头=一季所伐的木材·木材=矿·矿石(采集场所)
【注:fell:the timber cut down in one season】

quarry 2 n.猎物,追求物,出处(one that is sought or pursued)
(类)aspirant·quarry=hunter·prey 有抱负者·目标=狩猎者·猎物(人及其追求对象)

quash [] v. 撤销,镇压(to suppress or extinguish summarily and completely)
(反)quash ◆ engender 镇压 ◆ 引起,产生
foment ◆ quashquell 煽动 ◆ 镇压
(同)annul,abrogate,discharge,dissolve,vacate,

quaver [ 5kweivE ] v. 颤抖战栗;发颤音
(类)voice·quaver=hand·tremble 声音·颤音=手·颤抖

quell [] vt. 压制,平息,减轻(to thoroughly overwhelm and reduce to submission)
(类)irrepressible·quell=obdurate·move 镇压不住的难以镇压=冷酷无情的难以打动
(反)quell ◆ fomentinstigaterouseincite 压制 ◆ 煽动怂恿鼓舞煽动
foment ◆ quashquell 煽动 ◆ 镇压
(同)annihilate, extinguish, put down, quash, quench, squash, suppress
(例)the police used fire hoses and teat gas to quell the rioters.

quench [] vt. 结束,熄灭;冷浸(to cool suddenly by immersion)
(类)damp·quench=tint·suffuse 使潮湿·冷浸=染色于·遍布,充满(程度)
(同)annihilate, extinguish, put down, quash, quell, squash, suppress

querulous [] adj. 抱怨的,发牢骚的(habitually complaining)
(类)querulous·words=profligate·money 发牢骚的·话=浪费的·金钱
(同)irritable, fractious, fretful, peevish, petulant, snappish,waspy
(例)his classmates were repelled by his querulous and complaining statements.

queue [ kju: ] n.行列, 长队, 队列
(类)colonnade·pillar=queue·person 柱廊·柱子=队列·人(组成关系:整齐而且形似)

quibble [] n. 遁辞,谬论,双关话 v. 推托,诡辩,说模棱两可的话
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62 蓝宝GRE笔考词汇突破核心词汇 蓝宝GRE笔考词汇突破核心词汇
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(类)quibble·cavil =faultfinding·criticize遁词·挑剔=挑剔·批评(程度)
quibble r·cavil=encomiast·eulogize吹毛求疵的人·吹毛求疵=赞美者·赞美(正面特征)

quiescent [] adj. 静止的,寂静的(marked by inactivity or repose)
(反)quiescent ◆ rambunctious 平静的 ◆ 骚乱的
quiescence ◆ tumult action restless activity 平静 ◆ 骚动行动不平静行为

quirk [  ] n. 怪癖(an idiosyncrasy),遁辞(a quibble),突发事件
quixotic [] adj. 不切实际的,空想的(marked by rash lofty romantic ideas)
(类)quixotic·idealistic=touchy·sensitive 狂想家的·理想主义的=易暴躁的·敏感的
(反)quixotic ◆ displaying consistently practical behavior 不切实际的 ◆ 很实际的行为
(记)来自跟风车大战的 唐·吉柯德(Don Quixot)

quota [] n. 配额, 限额(a proportional part or share)
(反)quota ◆ unlimited number 限额 ◆ 不限数量
(同)allowance, bite, cut, lot, part, partage, portion, slice

quotidian [] adj.每日的,平凡的
(反)quotidian ◆ remarkable striking extraordinary unusual
平凡的 ◆ 不平常的 醒目惊人的 不平常的
(同)ordinary, plain, routine, unremarkable, usual, workaday

rabble [] n. 乌合之众,暴民,下等人
(类)people·rabble=items·hodgepodge 人·乌合之众=名目·大杂烩(组成,杂乱的特征)

rabid [] adj. 猛烈的,热烈的,急进的,疯狂的,固执的,狂怒的
(反)rabid ◆ logical detached 疯狂的 ◆ 合乎逻辑的镇静的
(同)furious, delirious, frenetic, mad, wild

raconteur [] n.善于讲故事的人
(类)raconteur·storytelling=wordsmith·writing
善于讲故事的人讲故事=文字匠写作(人及其擅长)

racy [] adj. 活泼生动的 (having a strongly marked quality)
(反)tame ◆ racy 乏味的 ◆ 生动的
(同)pungent, peppery, piquant, poignant, snappy, spicy,
(例)she writes racy novels about rich men and beautiful women.

raffish [] adj. 粗俗的 (marked by or suggestive of flashy vulgarity or crudeness)
( 类)ingenuous·dissemble=raffish·preen=polite·snub
坦白的不掩饰=粗俗的不打扮=有礼貌的不怠慢
raffish·decorum=merciless·leniency
粗俗的·礼貌=无怜悯心的·宽大的(反义)

raffle [] n. 抽彩售货,废物(a lottery in which a number of persons buy chances to win a prize)
(类)lottery·raffle=(干扰:ticket·admission)
抽彩·抽彩(同义)=入场券·入场(行为动作及其凭证)

rafter [] n. 椽;椽架屋顶;筏夫
(类)roof·rafter=table·leg 屋顶·椽子=桌子·腿儿(组成,支撑)

rage [] n. 愤怒,情绪激动,狂暴 vi.大怒;狂吹;风行
(类)rage·anger=bigotry·dedication 大怒·生气=顽迷·致力(程度)
infuriate·rage=commend·esteem 激怒引起愤怒=赞美引起尊重(行为及其影响)
infuriate·rage=nonplus·perplexity 激怒使人大怒=使困惑使人困惑(行为及其影响)
(同)anger, fury, indignation, ire, mad, wrath

ragged [] adj. 衣衫褴褛的,参差的,不协调的(torn or worn to tatters)
(类)cloth·ragged=furniture·rickety 织品布料·破烂褴褛的=家具·摇晃的(形修饰名)
(同)frayed, frazzled, shreddy, tattered
(例)his clothes are torn and ragged from living in the woods

rail [] vi. 责骂,抱怨to revile or scold in harsh, insolent, or abusive language) n.围栏
(类)rail·vehemence=entreat·urgency 责骂·激烈=乞求· 紧急
(同)scold, berate, jaw, rate, revile, upbraid, vituperate
(记)railway 铁路。 被称为铁老大,每年春节遭到的责骂最多了。

rakish [] adj.放荡的(of, relating to, or characteristic of a rake dissolute)
(类)rakish· restraint=slothful·assiduity 放荡的不抑制=偷懒的不刻苦
(记)rake 本义是耙子。联想:猪八戒的兵器就是耙子,用耙子的猪八戒在高老庄很放荡啊

ramble [] vi. 漫步,漫游(to move aimlessly)
(类)travel·ramble=draw·doodle 旅行·漫游=画·涂鸦(正常与特殊)
(同)wander, meander, range, roam, rove, straggle, stray
(记)ram=ran 谐音:跑步→漫步

rambunctious [] adj. 粗暴的,难控制的,骚乱的
(反)rambunctious ◆ quiescent 骚乱的 ◆ 平静的
(记)ram公羊bunct撞→公羊乱撞→粗暴的,难控制的 参考:bumper保险杠

rampart [] n. 垒,壁垒,城墙(a protective barrier;bulwark)
(类)rampart·barrier=tower·edifice 壁垒·障碍=堡垒·大厦(坚实·正常)
rampart·invasion=levee·flood 壁垒·入侵=大堤·洪水 (防止)
(记)ramp=camp(营地)联想:营地设在堡垒之中。

ramshackle [] adj. 摇摇欲坠(appearing ready to collapse)
(类)ramshackle·soundness=garbled·clarity 摇摇欲坠的不稳固=混淆的不清楚
(同)rickety [] 佝偻的,驼背的,摇摆的
(记)ram=ran + shackle手铐, 束缚物 联想: 束缚物跑了,所以摇摇欲坠了。

rancid [] adj. 腐臭的(offensive in odor or flavor)
(同)molodorous,fetid, nidorous, noisome, putrid, smelly, whiffy
(记)词根rank 臭 其本身是一个词,n. 等级 adj. 恶臭的 联想:等级制度非常腐败,发出恶
臭。

rancor [] n.敌意,深仇,怨恨(bitter deep-seated ill will)
(反)rancor ◆ goodwillcharitableness 敌意 ◆ 善意
(同)enmity, animosity, animus, antagonism, antipathy, hostility

randomize [] v. 使随机化,完全打乱
(反)randomize ◆ systematize 随机化 ◆ 综合化
(记)random 随机的,任意的

ranger [] n. 守林人,骑警,徘徊者
(类)ranger·forest=curator·museum 守林人看管森林=馆长看管博物馆
(记)range 范围 由围开始联想:把林子围起来看着→守林人。

rankle [] v.(怨恨,失望等)难以释怀,激怒(to cause irritation)
(反)rankle ◆ pacifycalm mollify 激怒 ◆ 使平静安慰
(同)fester nv. 脓疮,化脓,使烦恼
(例)the memory of having been jilted rankled him for years.
(记)ranc(恨)参考:rank adj. 恶臭的,讨厌的,让人恨的

rant [] vt. vi. 咆哮,激昂地说(to scold vehemently)
(类)anger·rant=fear·cower 生气·咆哮=害怕·畏缩(因果关系)
(同)orate, declaim, harangue, perorate, rave

rapacious [] adj. 强夺的,贪欲的,贪婪的(excessively grasping)
(类)rapa city·covetous=mania·enthusiasm=distraught·troubled
十分贪婪·贪婪的=极端狂热的·热情=发狂的·不平静的(程度)
(同)vovarious, gluttonous, ravenous
(记)来rap抓 参考:rape v. 强奸,掠夺 rapt 全神贯注的rapture使狂喜

rapport [] n.和睦,意见一致 (relation marked by harmony, conformity)
(反)rapport ◆ discord 和睦 ◆ 意见不合
(同)harmony, concord, unity
(记)联想support 支持→和睦,意见一致

rapprochement [] n. 建立或恢复友谊或和睦关系
(反)rapprochement ◆ estrangement 恢复和睦关系 ◆ 疏远
(同)harmonizing, reconcilement
(记)r(=re)+approch(=approach接近)→重新接近→恢复和睦关系

rapscallion [] n. 流氓,恶棍
(类)rapscallion·mischievous=sluggard·lazy 流氓·为害的=懒鬼·懒惰 (正面特征)
(同)devil, enfant terrible, mischief, rascal, villain

rapt [] adj. 全神贯注的,入迷的,出神的 (wholly absorbed)
(类)rapt·distract=intrepid·deter 全神贯注的难以分心=无畏的难以威慑
(反)rapt ◆ distracted 全神贯注的 ◆ 心烦意乱的
(同)absorbed, engaged, engrossed, preoccupied, wrapped
(记)来自rap抓 参考:rapacious 强夺的,贪婪的


rash [] adj. 轻率的;鲁莽的 (proceeding from undue haste)
(类)rash·adventurous=obsessed·attracted 轻率的·大胆的=沉迷的·被吸引的(褒贬)
rash·circumspective=imper ious·servile轻率的·慎重的=专横的·卑屈的 (反义)
(反)rash ◆ circumspective 鲁莽的 ◆ 谨慎的
(同)brash, hasty, incogitant, reckless, thoughtless, unwary
(记)联想:rush 冲→冲动的,鲁莽的

raisin [] n. 葡萄干
(类)raisin·grape=prune·plum 葡萄干·葡萄=梅干·梅子(水果及其干果)

rarefy [] v. 使稀薄,变稀薄(to make thin, less compact, or less dense)
(反)rarefy ◆ concentrate condense make denser 使稀薄 ◆ 使稠密
rarefaction ◆ condensation 稀薄 ◆ 压缩
(记)rare adj 稀罕的,珍贵的+ fy 转化成动词→使稀薄

raspy [] adj. 刺耳的;粗糙的;易怒的
(反)raspy ◆ mellifluous 刺耳的 ◆ (声音音乐)甜美的
(同)irritable , peevish, petulant, prickish, raspish, snappish, waspish
(例)the sergeant's raspy voice grated on the recruits' ears.

ratify [] vt. 认可;批准 (to approve and sanction formally)
(类)repeal·ratification=repatriate·emigration 废止,撤销·批准=遣返·移民(动宾)
ratify·treaty=confirm·hypothesis 批准条约=确定假设(动宾关系)

ratiocination [] n. 推理,推论(the process of exact thinking)
(类)ratiocination·thinking=articulation·talking
推理是一种清晰的思考=清晰发音是清晰的讲话
(同)conclusion, deduction, illation, judgment, sequitur

ration [] n. 定额,定量,配给 (a food allowance for one day)
(类)ration·food=dose·medicine 配给·食物=剂量·药(事物及其定量配给)

rationalize [] v. 使合理化;找借口,自圆其说,文过饰非(明明做错还要找
借口)
(类)rationali zation·plausible=obfuscation·indiscernible
文过饰非·给人假象的=困惑·难识别的(正面特征)
(记)来自rational: adj.理性的, 合理的, 推理的
(记)He tried to prove that he was not at fault, but he was obviously rationalizing.
他想证明错不在他, 但他显然是在找借口。

ravel [] vt. 使纠缠, 使混乱, 解开, 弄清(to separate the texture)
(反)ravel ◆ knit 拆开 ◆ 编织结合
(同)entangle, muddle, perplex, snarl, tangle

ravage [ ] v. 使荒芜,彻底毁坏,蹂躏,劫掠
(例)A tornado ravaged the countryside. 一阵龙卷风摧毁了乡村

rave [] v.咆哮 n. 过分赞扬, 吹捧狂热的观点(an extravagantly favorable criticism)
(反)rave ◆ pan 极力赞扬 ◆ 严厉的批判

ravenous [] adj. 贪婪的,饿极的,渴望的,狼吞虎咽的 (very eager or greedy for food,
satisfaction, or gratification)

ravish [] v. 强夺;吸引
(类)ravishing·attractive=perspicacious·di scerning
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令人陶醉的·吸引人的=聪颖的·有洞察力的

raze [] vt.破坏,抹去(to destroy to the ground;demolish)
(反)raze ◆ build 摧毁 ◆ 建造

reactant [] n. 反应物
(反)reactant ◆ inert material 反应物 ◆ 惰性物质

reactionary [] adj.反动的,反对变革的
(类)contumacious·authority= reactionary·change 不听命令的反权威=反动变革的反变化
(反)votary ◆ reactionary 信仰者 ◆ 怀疑者

readily [  ] ad. 不迟疑地,迅速地,轻易地
ream [] n. 令;大量的纸(a quantity of paper )
(类)ream·paper=cord·wood 令·纸=木头的单元·木头=亩·土地(事物及其计量单位)
【注:cord:a unit of wood cut for fuel equal to a stack 4 x 4 x 8 feet or 128 cubic feet】

reap [] v. 收割, 收获(to gather by reaping)
(类)scythe·reaper=axe·woodcutter 镰刀·收割者=斧子·伐木者 (人及工具)
(反)reap ◆ plant 收割 ◆ 种植
(同)garner, gather, harvest, ingather

reassure [] v. 使安心,安慰(to restore to confidence)
(类)reassure·doubt=perturb·serenity 使安心·疑虑=扰乱·平静(消除关系)
reassure·uneasiness=feed·hunger 使安心·不安=喂·饥饿(消除关系)
(反)formidable ◆ reassuring 困难的 ◆ 可靠的

rebuff [] vt. 严厉拒绝(to reject or criticize sharply)
(反)rebuff ◆ approvewelcome 严厉拒绝 ◆ 赞同欢迎
(同)hold off, keep off, rebut, repel, repulse,snub stave off

recalcitrant [] adj.固执的,顽抗的
(类)recalcitrant·obey=incongruent·conform 顽固的·服从=不和谐的·一致
recalcitrant·resist=fastidious·outshine 反抗的·抵抗=挑剔的·胜过(正面特征)
(反)recalcitrant ◆ amenablesubmissive 顽固的 ◆ 服从的
(同)unruly, fractious, indomitable, intractable, unmanageable,wild
(记)re(强调)+ calci(= calcium钙)联想:象钙一样硬→固执的,顽抗的

recant [] vi. 取消前言,放弃信仰,公开认错(to make a formal retraction or disavowal of
a
previously held statement or belief)
(类)recantation·error=confession·crime 公开认错·错误=招供·罪行 (动作及其相关对
象)
recantation·heresy=apostasy·faith 放弃信仰·异端=背教·信仰(动作及其相关对象)
(反)recant ◆ reaffirm 取消前言 ◆ 重申,再肯定
(同)abjure, forswear, recall, retract, withdraw
(记)re(重新)+cant(唱)→重新唱新调→放弃以前的信仰或声明 参考:cantata 清唱,大
合唱

recast: [ ] v.1重新浇铸 2.重新塑造,改写

recess [ ] n. 暂停,休息,课间休息;凹处,凹室
recessive [] adj. 后退的;隐性的
(反)recessive ◆ dominant 隐性的 ◆ 显性的

recidivism [] n. 累犯,重犯 (relapse into criminal behavior)
(类)reci divism·relapse=rehabilitation·convalesce =pundit·opine
重犯·再发=复原·康复=博学者·发表意见(正面特征)

reciprocate [] vi. 往复运动;互换;酬答(to move forward and backward)
(反)reciprocating ◆ moving unidirectional 往复运动 ◆ 单向运动
(同)recompense, requite, retaliate, return

reckless [] adj. 不注意的,卤莽的,不顾后果的(careless of consequences)
(反)reckless ◆ circumspect measured 草率的 ◆ 慎重的有规则的
( 同)adventurous, audacious, daredevil, foolhardy, rash, temerarious, venturesome, venturous

recluse [] n. 隐遁者,遁世者(a person who leads a secluded life)
(类)recluse·compassion=turncoat·consistency 隐遁者·同情=背叛者·一致性(反面特征)
recluse·crowd=shirk·duty= claustrophobia·enclosure
隐遁逃避人群=推卸逃避责任=幽闭恐怖症逃避关闭
recluse·gregariousness=poseur·sincerity
隐遁者·群居性=装模作样的人·真诚(反面特征)
recluse·solitude=toady·favor 隐遁者争取孤单=献媚者争取好感
recluse·withdrawn=bigot·biased=roisterer·carou se
隐遁者·隐退=狭隘者· 偏见的=闹饮者·痛饮(正面特征)
(反)recluse ◆ social 隐遁的 ◆ 群居的
(同)secluded, cloistered, hermetic, sequestered

recognize v. 认出,识别;承认,认可;赏识,表彰
(派)recognized adj. 公认的; 经过证明的; 普遍接受的

recoil [] vi. 退却,畏缩,撤退(to fall back under pressure);报应
(反)recoil ◆ advance 退缩 ◆ 前进
(同)blanch, blench, flinch, quail, shrink, squinch, start, wince
(记)coil v.盘旋,卷→卷回去→退却,缩回

reconcile [] vt. 使和解,调停(to make consistent or congruous)
(反)rift ◆ reconciliation 矛盾 ◆ 和解

recondite [] adj. 深奥的,难解的(not easily understood;abstruse)
(类)recondite·fathom = tenacious·eradicate深奥的·理解=顽强的·根除(难以)
(反)recondite ◆ widely understood patent self explain self-evident easy comprehension
深奥的 ◆ 广泛的被理解的 显著的 不言自明的 不言自明的 容易理解的
(同)abstruse, esoteric, hermetic, occult, orphic, profound, secret
(记)cond隐藏→意思隐藏很深的→深奥的,难解的 参考:condiment调味品

reconnaissance []vi. 侦察,勘查(an exploratory military survey of enemy territory)
(类)reconnoiter·information=prowl·prey 侦察·信息=巡游·猎物(动宾关系)

reconstitute [] vt. 重新组成,重新设立;加水使恢复
(反)reconstitute ◆ dehydrate 加水使恢复 ◆ 脱水

reconvene [] vt 重新集合,重新召集
(类)disperse·reconvene=dismiss·reinstate 驱散·重新集合=解雇·复职(反义)

rectify [] v. 订正,校正(to set right)
(类)rectify·treaty=confirm·hypothesis 订正·条约=确定·假设 (动宾关系)
rectify疑为ratify
(同)amend, emend, right 参考:correct改正,纠正

rectitude [] n. 正直,公正,清廉(moral integrity)
(类)rectitude·transgress=keen·obtuse 正直·违法=锋利的·钝的(反义)
(反)rectitude ◆ inequity 公正 ◆ 不公正
(同)morality, probity, righteousness, uprightness, virtue

recumbent [] adj. 靠着的,斜躺着的,不活动的,休息的
(反)recumbent ◆ standing up 斜躺着的 ◆ 站直的

recuperate [] v. 复原(to regain a former state or condition)
(反)recuperative ◆ debilitating 有回复力的 ◆ 疲惫不堪的
(同)ameliorate, convalesce, gain, mend, perk
(例)the doctors were worried because the patient did not recuperate rapidly。
(记)re+cup(=cap抓住)→重新抓住→复原 参考:captive俘虏

redeem [  ] v. 赎回;履行,实践;补偿
(例)to redeem my watch赎回我的手表to redeem one's promise履行诺言

redemptive [  ] adj. 赎回的;救赎的,救世的
redistribution [] n. 重新分配,再区分
(类)inequity· redistribution=illiteracy·education 不公正·重新分配=文盲·教育(消除关
系)

redolent [] adj.芳香的(exuding fragrance)
(类)redolent·smell=piquant·taste 芳香的·气味=开胃的·味道
(反)redolent ◆ unscented 芳香的 ◆ 没有香味的
(同)ambrosial, aromatic, balmy, fragrant, perfumed, savory, spicy
list 28 redoubtable -------retrench
redoubtable [] adj.可敬畏的,可怕的,著名的 (worthy of respect)
(类)redoubtable·regardrespect=creditable·belief trust 值得敬畏的·尊敬=可信的·信

(反)redoubtable ◆ not formidable unimpressive 可怕的 ◆ 不可怕的无印象的

redundant [] adj. 多余的,过多的,冗长的
(类)redundant·indispensability=indigent·wealth 多余的·不可缺少=穷困的·富裕(名形
反义)
(反)redundant ◆ economical 过多的 ◆ 节约的
(同)diffuse, palaverous, prolix, verbose, windy

reel [] n. 卷轴;一卷;蹒跚;旋转;纺车
(类)reel·winding=die·shaping 卷轴·绕圈=模子·定型 (工具及其功能)

referee [] n. 仲裁人,调解人;裁判员
(类)referee·field=judge·courtroom 裁判·竞技场=法官·法庭(工作场所)
referee·whistle=judge·gavel 裁判·哨子=法官·裁定小铁锤

refinery [] n.精炼厂,提炼厂
(类)refinery·petroleum=mill·grain 精炼厂加工石油 = 磨坊加工谷物
refine·purification=attenuate·rarefaction 精炼·净化=削弱·变稀
(反)crass ◆ refined 粗糙的 ◆ 精细的
refine ◆ reduce purity 净化 ◆ 降低纯度

reflective [] adj. 反射的;反映的;熟虑的
(类)reflection·light=echo·sound反射·光=回声·声音
(反)reflect ◆ absorb 反射 ◆ 吸收
unreflective ◆ ruminative 不思考的 ◆ 沉思的

refractory [] adj.难驾驭的,不听话的,执拗的;(病)难治的
(类)refractory·control=adamant·flexibility
难驾驭的·控制=坚硬的·弹性(名形反义)
pertinacity·refractory=inexperience·green
顽固·难控制的=无经验·无经验的(形名同义)
(反)refractory ◆ responsive 难驾驭的 ◆ 易感应的
(同)bullheaded, headstrong, intractable, mulish, stubborn, unyielding
(例)the refractory horse was eliminated from the race when he refused to obey the jockey.

refulgent [] adj.辉煌的,灿烂的(a radiant or resplendent quality)
(反) refulgent ◆ lackluster 灿烂的 ◆ 无光泽

refute [] vt. 驳倒,反驳
(反)refute ◆ prove 反驳 ◆ 证明
refutation ◆ verification 驳倒 ◆ 确认
refutable ◆ indisputable 可驳倒的 ◆ 无争论之余地的

regenerate [] adj. 新生的,再生的(restored to a better, higher, or more worthy
state)
(类)unregenerate·remorse=truculent·gentleness
不悔改的·良心不安=粗野的·柔和(名形反义)

regimen []n. 养生法,生活规则
(类)regimen·health=mnem onics·memory=budget·solvency
养生法·健康=记忆法·记忆=预算·还债能力 (行为及其改善对象)

regimental [  ] adj. 军团的,兵营式的,严格而统一的,严厉管制的

regress [] v. 复原,逆行,使倒退(to tend to approach or revert to a mean )
(反)regressive ◆ forward 后退的 ◆ 向前的
(同)revert, retrogress, throw back
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rehabilitate [] v.使康复,使复职,使恢复名誉
(类)rehabilitate·demolition=recycle·disposal 复原·破坏=再利用·处理(反义)
person·rehabilitate=building·restoration 人·复原=建筑物·重修(动宾关系)
(同)reclaim, recondition, reconstruct, recover, rejuvenate, restitute

rehearsal [] n. 排演, 演习, 预演, 试演
(类)impromptu·rehearsal=caprice·deliberate 即席演出·排练=反复无常·深思熟虑的(反
义)
(记)re(再次)+hear(听)→不断的听→排演,试演

reign [] n. 执政,君主统治,统治,支配 (royal authority )
(类)coronation·reign=wedding·marriage 加冕礼·统治=婚礼·结婚(事物代表含义)

rein [] n.缰绳 vi.驾驭,控制
(反)rein ◆ prod 控制 ◆ 刺激

reiterate [] v. 重申,反复地说
(类)reiterate·redundant=digress·excursive
反复地说·多余的=扯到枝节上·离题的(正面特征)

rejoice [] v. 欣喜,喜悦(to feel joy or great delight)
(反)rejoice ◆ grousemoroseness 高兴 ◆ 生气,抱怨忧郁
rejoiced ◆ sulky 高兴的 ◆ 生气的
(记)飘柔的商标

rejuvenate [  ] v. 使年轻,使复原;返老还童
relapse [] vi. 故态复萌,再度堕落(to slip or fall back into a former worse state)
(类)relapse·convalescence=recidivism·re habilitation再堕落·恢复=重犯·复职(褒贬)
(记)lapse 失误,过失

release [] vt. 释放,放松;豁免,免除 ( to set free from restraint)
(反)release ◆ constrainimmurerestrain 放松 ◆ 强迫监禁禁止
(同)discharge, emancipate, liberate, manumit, unbind, unshackle

relegate [  ] v. 把„降级,把„置于次要地位;托付,交付
relent [] v. 变慈悲(to become more lenient, compassionate, or forgiving)
(反)inexorable ◆ relenting 无情的 ◆ 慈悲的
(同)adamant, inexorable, obdurate, rigid, unbending, unyielding
(记)re+lent 反复借钱给别人→慈悲 参考:relentless adj. 残酷的,无情的,不屈不挠的

relevant [] adj. 有关联的,中肯的,有关系的,适当的
(类)relevant·crucial=perceptible·obvious
有关联的·极其重要的=可感知的·显而易见的(程度)
immaterial·relevance=circuitous·directness =peripheral·center
无关的·相关=迂回的·直接=边缘的·中心(形名反义)
【注】immaterial两层意思:不重要的,无关的(inconsequential or irrelevant)
(反)germane ◆ irrelevant 有密切关系的 ◆ 无关系的
relevant ◆ immaterial 有关联的 ◆ 无关紧要的

relieved [] adj. 宽心的,宽慰的,欣慰的,如释重负的
religion [] n. 宗教,信仰
(类)religion·devoutness=canon·orthodoxy
宗教·虔诚=正统教规·正统的(正面特征)
(同)creed, cult, faith, persuasion

relinquish [] vt. 放弃(give up),松开(release),放手(to let go)
(反)relinquish ◆ cling to 松开 ◆ 贴紧
relinquish ◆ procure 放弃 ◆ 取得
relinquish ◆ cooperate 放手 ◆ 合作(放手不管,是让其自己做事情。合作是一起做
事情)
relinquish ◆ reward 放弃 ◆ 褒奖
(同)abandon, give up, lay down, resign, surrender, turn up, waive (反)keep
(例)Few leaders willingly relinquish power 没有几个领导人乐意放弃自己的权力。
(记)relinq=relic遗弃物,遗迹→放弃,遗弃

relish [] n. 爱好,美味,食欲
(反)relish ◆ despise 爱好 ◆ 轻视
(记)与release“释放”;relax“放松”同源 联想:放在后面吃的→美味

reluctant [] adj.不顾的,勉强的,难得到的,难处理的
(类)hesitation·reluctance=hubris·pride 犹豫·不愿意=狂妄自大·骄傲 (褒贬程度类比)
(反)reluctant ◆ alacrity 犹豫和不情愿 ◆ 乐意(敏捷,欣然)
loquacity ◆ reluctance to speak 多话 ◆ 不愿说话

remiss [] adj. 疏忽的,不留心的,玩忽职守的(showing neglect or inattention·lax)
(反)remiss ◆ scrupulouswaryass iduouspunctiliousconscientiouspainstaking
不留心玩忽职守的 ◆ 小心谨慎的机警的勤勉的小心谨慎的负责的下苦功的
(同)careless, delinquent, derelict, disregardful, neglectful, regardless

remission n. 宽恕,赦免;.缓和,减轻
(例)remission of tuition减免学费

remodel [] vt. 改造,改型,改变(to alter the structure of)
(类)construct·remodel=compose·edit 建造·改造=写作·编辑(种属)

remonstrance [] n.抗议,抱怨(an earnest presentation of reasons for
opposition or grievance; especially ·a document formally stating such points)
(类)remonstrance·offend=syllogism·disprove
抗议·冒犯=三段论·反驳(前者实现后者)
remonstrance·dissuade=reprehension·censure
抗议·劝阻=斥责·责难(行为及其目的)
remonstrator·dissuade=applicant·appeal
抗议者·劝阻=申请者·请求(目的)
(同)challenge, demurrer, difficulty, objection, protest, question, remonstration

remorse [] n. 懊悔,悔恨(a gnawing distress arising from a sense of guilt)
(类)remorse·rue=longing·pine 悔恨·后悔=渴望·渴望,消瘦(同义)
unregenerate·remorse=truculent·gentleness
不悔改的·悔恨=好战凶猛的·温顺(反面特征)
(同)attrition, compunction, contriteness, contrition, penance, penitency, repentance, rue

remunerate [] vt. 给与报酬,赔偿,酬劳
(to pay an equivalent to for a service, loss, or expense·recompense)
(类)remuneration·service=retaliation·injury 酬劳·服务=报复·伤害,侮辱(因果
关系)
(反)remunerative ◆ unrequited 有报酬的 ◆ 未得回报的
gainful ◆ unremunerative 有利益的 ◆ 无利可获的
(同)compensate, indemnify, pay, recompense, reimburse, repay, requite

rend [] v.撕裂,猛拉(to split or tear apart or in pieces by violence)
(类)rend·tear=rush·hurry 撕裂·撕=匆忙的做·仓卒 (程度)
(反)rend ◆ unitemendrepair made whole 撕裂 ◆ 联合修理使完整
(同)cleave, rip, rive, split

renegade [  ] n. 背教者, 变节者, 叛徒
(类)renegade·allegiance=apostate·faith 背信弃义者缺乏忠诚=背教者缺乏信念

renounce [] vi. 断绝关系;放弃权利(to give up usually by formal declaration)
(类)renounce·pledge=rescind·order 拒绝·保证=废除·命令
(反)renounce ◆ embrace 断绝关系 ◆ 信奉
claim ◆ renounce (根据权利)要求 ◆ 放弃权利

renovate [] vt. 更新,革新恢复,修复(to restore to a former better state )
(反)renovate ◆ cause to decay 修复,刷新 ◆ 使腐烂
(同)reactivate, rekindle, renew, resurrect, resuscitate, retrieve, revitalize, revivify

repartee [] n. 机灵的回答(a succession or interchange of clever retort)
(类)repartee·retort=debate·issue 灵巧的反驳·反驳=正式辩论·辩论(种属)
(同)back answer, comeback, riposte

repatriate [] v. 遣返(to restore or return to the country of origin or
citizenship)
(类)repatriate·emigration=repeal·ratification 遣返·移民=废止·批准 (反义)


repeal [] v. n. 撤销,废除(法律)(to rescind or annul by authoritative act; to revoke or
abrogate by legislative enactment)
(类)repatriate·emigration=repeal·ratification 废除遣返回国·移民出境=废止·批准(反
义)
(反)repeal ◆ authorization 废除 ◆ 授权
(同)revoke , dismantle, recall, rescind, reverse
(记)peal(大声鸣响) 参考:appeal 呼吁

repel [] vt. 抵制,排斥(repulse;resist)使厌恶(to cause aversion in:disgust)
(类)repellent·attract=ephemeral·endure 令人厌恶的无有吸引力=短暂的无耐久力(反义)
【注:repellent :arousing aversion or disgust:repulsive 令人厌恶的】
(反)court ◆ repel intentionally 向„献殷勤 ◆ 有意排斥
entrancing ◆ repelling 使人入神的 ◆ 使厌恶
winsome ◆ repelling 迷人的 ◆ 使人讨厌的
(例)foul words and frowns must not repel a lover. 邪恶的语言和反对不一定击退一个爱人。
(记)pel(推)联想:往外推—>排斥;参考:propel 推进,驱使

repercussion [  ] n. 反响,影响,回声
repertoire [] n. 预备上映的剧目列表(a list or supply of dramas, operas, pieces, or
parts
prepared to perform)
(类)palette·color=repertoire·play 调色板上的众多颜色:颜色=剧目:剧本(组成)
repertoire·performance= manifest·cargo=agenda·meeting
剧目列表·表演=运货单·货物=议程·会议(前者安排后者)

repine [] v. 抱怨,表达不满(to feel or express discontent or dejection)
(反)repine ◆ express joy 抱怨 ◆ 表示喜悦
(同)complain, fuss, murmur, wail, whine

replenish [  ] v. 把„再备足,补充;使充满活力
(例)The music will replenish my weary soul. 音乐使我疲惫的精神充满活力

replete [] adj. 饱满的(fully provided ;full)
(反)repletion ◆ want privation 充满 ◆ 短缺缺乏
repletion ◆ emptiness 塞满 ◆ 清空
(例)the book is replete with delicious details. 这本书充满了有趣的细节。
(记)plete满饱满的 参考:repletion n..充满 complete adj.全部的 v.完成

reportage [] n. 报道, 报道的消息, 报告文学
(类)reportage·journalist=ridicule·satirist
新闻报道·新闻记者=讽刺的话·讽刺作家(人物及其工作产物)
(反)reportorial ◆ imaginative 新闻报道的 ◆ 虚构想象的(注:西方新闻报道以真实为
本质)
(记)report报告+age报道参考:reportorial报道的,记者的

repose [] v. n..休息,睡眠,静止(to lie at rest ;to take a rest)
(类)guilt·expiation=fatigue·repose 罪行·赎罪=疲劳·休息 (后者消除前者)
dehydrate·water=fatigue·repose 脱水·加水=使疲劳·使休息 (反义)
breach·continuity=disturb·repose 打破·连续性 =打乱·休息 (动宾关系)

reprehend [] v. 谴责,责难(to voice disapproval of ;censure)
(类)lam entable·pity=reprehensible·censure=despicable·cont empt
可悲的应该怜悯=应该谴责的应该责难=可鄙的应该鄙视
censure·blameless=approbation·reprehensible
责难·无可责难的=嘉许·应该谴责的
(同)criticize, blame, censure, condemn, denounce, denunciate, reprobate
(记)prehend(抓住)抓住你的问题不放谴责 参考:prehension 抓住,理解;
comprehend vt. 领会, 理解, 包括;apprehend 理解,忧虑

repress [] v. 镇压(to put down by force)抑制(to hold in by self-control)
(反)unrepressed ◆ restrained 未受抑制的 ◆ 受限制的
repress ◆ foster 压制 ◆ 鼓励
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(记)press(压)参考:repressed adj.被压抑的repressive adj.镇压的,抑制的

reprieve [v] n. 缓刑,暂缓(to delay the punishment of a condemned prisoner)
(类)reprieve·punishment=moratorium·a ctivity缓刑是暂缓惩罚=延迟是暂停活动
【注:moratorium :a suspension of activity 延迟,延期】
(记)re(重新)+ prieve(抓,拿)→重新(从刑场)抓回来→缓刑

reproach [] n.v. 责备,耻辱(an expression of rebuke or disapproval)
(反)above reproach ◆ nefariousscurvyculpable 不应受责备的 ◆ 极恶的下流的该责
备的
irreproachable ◆ opprobrious 无可指责的 ◆ 应受责备的
(同)rebuke, admonishment, admonition, chiding, reprimand, reproof
(记)proach(靠近) 参考:approach 接近,方法

reprobate [] v. 谴责,指责 n. 堕落者,道德败坏的人
(类)reprobate·misbehave=sycophant·fawn 堕落的人·行为不端=拍马者·谄媚 (正面特
征)
objectivity·partisan=temperance·reprobate 客观性·党派性团伙=节制·堕落者(缺乏
关系)
reprobate ◆ righteous individual 堕落的人 ◆ 正直的个人
(同)criticize, blame, censure, condemn, denounce, denunciate, reprehend
(记)re(反)+prob( 赞扬)→与赞扬相反→谴责,指责;参考:approbation(赞扬)

reproof [] n. 谴责,责备(criticism for a fault · rebuke)
(类)castigation·reproof=denunc iation·denial=loathing·dislike=soaking·damp
严厉谴责·谴责=公开驳斥·否定=讨厌·不喜欢=湿透的·潮湿的(程度)
(反)accolade ◆ reproof 赞扬 ◆ 斥责
(同)rebuke, admonishment, admonition, chiding, rap, reprimand, reproach

reprove [] v. 善意的责备(to scold usually gently or with kindly intent)
(类)pretense·deceive=admonition·reprove 虚假,伪装·欺骗=警告·责备(目的)
reprove·reprimand=blame·censure 责备·严厉训斥=责备·严厉批评(程度)
(同)admonish, , chide, lesson, monish, rebuke, reprimand, reproach
(例)his teacher reproved him for talking in class. 他的老师责备他上课说话。

reptile [] n.爬虫动物, 卑鄙的人
(类)lizard·reptile=ora nge·fruit=finch·bird=aspen·tree=eagle·bird
蜥蜴·爬行动物=橘子·水果=雀类·鸟=白杨·树=鹰·鸟 (种属)
(记)rept(爬)参考:surreptitious鬼鬼祟祟的

repudiate [·] vt. 否认,拒绝承认,拒绝接受,拒付
(反)repudiate ◆ espouseuphold 否认 ◆ 赞成支持
(同)decline, disapprove, dismiss, refuse, reject, reprobate, spurn
(例)repudiate a charge 否认一项指控

repugnant [] adj. 令人厌恶的(exciting aversion);不一致的(incompatible)
(类)odious·repugnance=menacing·fear 可憎的·厌恶=恐吓的·害怕(正面特征)
cogent·convince=repugnant·repel 使人信服的·使信服=令人厌恶的·使厌恶(正面
特征)
unpleasant·repug nant=scanty·meager令人不快的·令人厌恶的=不足的·缺乏的(同
义)
(反)repugnance ◆ affinity 厌恶 ◆ 吸引人
(同)abhorrent, invidious, obnoxious, repellent, revulsive
(例)The idea of moving again became repugnant to her. 再次搬家的想法令她讨厌。
(记)pugn(打)参考:pugilist 拳击家

repulse [] v. n. 厌恶,令人厌恶;驱逐,击退
(反)captivate ◆ repulse 迷住 ◆ 厌恶
court ◆ repulse intentionally 讨好 ◆ 厌恶
entrance ◆ repulse 吸引人 ◆ 令人厌恶
repulsion ◆ attraction 排斥 ◆ 吸引
(同)rebuff, rebut, repel, ward(off)(记)pulse(推) 驱逐,击退

repute [] n. 名声,名誉(the character or status commonly ascribed to one)
(反)repute ◆ lack of distinction 声望 ◆ 没有名望
(同)fame , celebrity, notoriety, renown, reputation
(派)reputed adj. 据说的;驰名的;号称的
(例)She is reputed to be Europe's best singer. 她号称欧洲最好的歌唱家。

requite [] vt. 酬劳,报答(to make return for · repay)
(反)requite ◆ leave unpaid 酬谢 ◆ 未付款的

requisite [] adj. 需要的, 必不可少的, 必备的(essential, necessary)
(反)requisite ◆ unnecessary 必不可少的 ◆ 不必要的

rescind [] v.废除,取消(abrogate;cancel)
(类)rescind · law = withdraw · candidacy 废除·法律=取消·候选人资格
(反)rescind ◆ institute levy 废除,取消 ◆ 创立征用
rescission ◆ enactment 废除,取消 ◆ 设定,制定
(同)revoke , dismantle, lift, recall, repeal, reverse
(例)the company refused to rescind the order. 这家公司拒绝取消定货。
(记)谐音:来新的。联想:来新的当然要废除旧的。

resemblance [  ] n. 相似,形似 摹本,肖像
resentment [  ] n. 仇恨,怨恨 愤慨
reserved [] adj. 收敛的,内敛的,话不多的(restrained in words and actions) (类)gregarious·reserved=furtive·open=flamboyant·r eserved
爱社交的·收敛的=秘密的·公开的=炫耀多话的·收敛的 (反义)
【注:flamboyant·marked by striking elaborate 说话非常冗长罗嗦
reserved ·restrained in words and actions 在语言和行动方面有所收敛;性格内敛】
(反)expansive ◆ reserved 健谈的 ◆ 说话不多的
qualified ◆ unreserved 受限制的 ◆ 无受限制的

reside [  ] v.(性质)存在于;(权力)归属于
(例)The authority of governance resided in the monarchy. 统治权属于君主

residue [] n. 剩余物(something that remains after a part is taken, separated, or
designated)
(类)remainder·subtraction=residue·evaporation 剩余由减去得到=剩余物由蒸发得到
(同)remnant,remainder, remains, residual

resign [] v.辞(职)(give up one's office:quit),听之任之(to accept something as
inevitable:submit)
(类)abdicate·throne=resign·office 放弃(权力)·王权=辞职·职位(动词及其作用对象)
(派)resigned adj.逆来顺受的,顺从的

resilience [] n.弹力,在逆境中调整的能力(an ability to adjust easily to change)
(反)resilience ◆ unable to adjust unable to recover
在逆境中调整的能力 ◆ 不能调整不能复原
resilience ◆ inelasticity 弹力 ◆ 无弹性
(记)sile(跳)参考:resilient 有弹性的

resin [`] n.树脂
(类)resin·tree=gum·rubber plant 树脂:树=橡胶:橡胶树 (产品及其来源)

resolute [·t] adj. 坚决的,刚毅的,毅然的(marked by firm determination · resolved)
(类)malleable·shape=irresolute·opinion 有延展性的·形状=犹豫不决的·主张(形修饰名)
indubitable·qu estion=resolute·sway不容置疑的·怀疑=坚决的·动摇(反面特征)
resolute·dissuade=obstreperous·control 坚决的难以劝阻=任性的难以控制
resoluteness·will = zeal·conviction坚定的意志·意志=强烈的兴趣·信念(程度)
(反)daunt ◆ make resolute 使气馁 ◆ 使坚定
jittery ◆ resolute 极度不稳定的 ◆ 坚决的
(同)decided , decisive, determined, faithful, ardent, loyal, steadfast

resonant [] adj.(声音)洪亮的,共鸣的(echoing; resounding; deep and full in sound)
(类)full-bodied·flavor=resonant·sound 浓郁的味道=洪亮的声音
(反)resonant ◆ muffled 声音洪亮的 ◆ 声音压抑的
(同)consonant, plangent, resounding, ringing, rotund
(例)A deep resonant voice rang out 一个浑厚洪亮的声音唱出。
(记)[re]回+[son]声音有回声的响亮的参考:dissonant不和谐的

resourceful [] adj. 策略的,机智的,资源丰富的
(类)resourceful·inventiveness=phi lanthropic·geniality
机智的·创造性=博爱的·友好,亲切(正面特征)

respite [] n. 间歇,休息,暂缓 a period of temporary delay;an interval of rest or relief
(类)fast·eat=respite·labor 绝食·吃=休息·劳动(反义)
plateau·change=respite·activity 稳定时期或状态·变化=休息·活动(反义)
moratorium·activity =respite·labor 中止活动·活动=暂缓·劳动(反义)
respite·labor=interim·concert 间歇·劳动=间歇·音乐会 (事物及其特殊部分)
(记)区别:despite 不管,尽管

respire [] v.呼吸(breathe; specifically:to inhale and exhale air successively)
(类)lung·respire=tooth·masticate 肺·呼吸=牙齿·咀嚼(器官作用)
(记)spire (呼吸)参考:spiracle 通气孔

resplendent [] adj.华丽的,辉煌的(shining brilliantly)
(类)bootless·f utility=effulgent·resplendence无用的·无用=光彩照人的·辉煌 (正特)
bravura·performance=resplendent·appearance辉煌的· 表演=华丽的·外表(修饰)
(反)resplendence ◆ lackluster 辉煌 ◆ 暗淡
resplendent ◆ dull 辉煌的 ◆ 没有光泽的,暗淡的
(同)splendid, glorious, gorgeous, magnificent, sublime, superb
(例)Meadows are resplendent with wildflowers.草地被野花点缀得绚烂多姿。
(记)splend(发光)参考:splendid 壮丽的,辉煌的splendor 光彩,杰出

responsive [] adj. 做出响应的(giving response)敏感的(quick to respond
appropriately or sympathetically)
(反)responsive ◆ dispassionate 做出响应的 ◆ 无动于衷的
responsive ◆ feelingless 敏感的 ◆ 无感觉的

restive [] adj. 急躁的(marked by impatience);倔强的(stubbornly resisting control)
(类)incogitant·thoughtful=restive·calm=piddling·con siderable=keen·obtuse
无思虑的·深思的=急躁的·冷静的=不重要的·重要的=敏锐的·钝的 (反义)
restive·calmness=impeccable·flaw=impetuous ·patience
急躁的·冷静=没有缺点的·缺点=冲动的·耐心(缺乏关系)
(反)restive ◆ calmimperturbable 急躁的 ◆ 冷静的沉着的
restiveness ◆ contentment 倔强 ◆ 满足
【注:前者是顽固拒绝被控制,后者知足安于现状。】

restless [] adj.得不到休息的, 不平静的
(类)restless·serenity=deferential·insolent 不平静的·平静=恭谨的·无礼 (反义)

restrain [] vt. 阻止,限制,使受控制
(类)temperate·restrain=tenacious·persist 有节制的·限制=顽强的·坚持(形动同义)
rakish· restraint=slothful·assiduity 放荡的·抑制=偷懒的·刻苦(反面特征)
(反)restrain ◆ release 阻止 ◆ 释放
fervid ◆ restrained 热心的 ◆ 受阻的
unrepressed ◆ restrained 未受抑制的 ◆ 受限制的
theatrical ◆ restraint 放纵的展示的 ◆ 抑制,克制
注:restraint :n. the state of being restrained 抑制,克制
(记) straint本身是一个词:v.拉紧,扯紧 n.拉力,张力

resurgence [] n. 复活,重新活跃,复兴
(反)resurgence ◆ waning vitally 复兴 ◆ 衰退
resurgent ◆ in decline 复兴 ◆ 衰退
(同)revival, rebirth, renaissance, resurrection
(记)surg(浪)参考:insurgent起义的

resurrect [ ] v. 使死而复生,复活,复兴
resuscitate [] v.使复活,使苏醒(restore , revive)
(反)extinct ◆ resuscitated 灭绝的 ◆ 复活的
resuscitation ◆ enervation 复兴 ◆ 虚弱

retainer [] n. 家仆(a person attached or owing service to a household especially:
servant)
(类)retainer·retinue=wi tch·coven家仆·一群家仆=女巫·女巫聚会(组成)
(反)retain ◆ discard 保留 ◆ 抛弃

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retaliate [] v. 报复,反击(to repay(as an injury)in kind) (记)来自法语“review”因这种歌舞剧带有讽刺时政的性质,与评论的作用类似。
(类)remuneration·service=retaliation·injury 酬劳:服务=报复:伤害 (因果关系)
(同)reciprocate, recompense, requite, return rhetoric [  ] n. 修辞 雄辩
(记)tali 谐音“大力”联想:大力反击。 ribald [] adj. 举止、言语粗鲁的(crude,offensive)
(类)ribald·seemly=labyrinthine·direct 举止粗鲁的·得体的=曲折的·直接的(反义)
retard [] vt. 妨碍,延迟,迟缓 (反)ribald ◆ seemly proper 举止粗鲁 ◆ 得体的恰当的
(类)divert·shunt=retard·brake 转移·转轨=妨碍·刹车(动作及其目的) (记)rib肋骨+bald光秃暴露的露骨的言语粗鲁
(反)retard ◆ catalyze expedite precipitate 妨碍 ◆ 促进加速促进
retard ◆ speed up 使减速 ◆ 加速 rickety [] adj.摇摆的(shaky:in unsound physical condition)
(记)tard(迟钝) 参考:tardy行动慢的,迟到的 (类)cloth·ragged=furniture·rickety 布·破旧的=家具·摇晃的(形修饰名)
(例)a rickety old chair一把摇摇欲坠的旧椅子
retinue [  ] n. 随行人员, 扈从(a group of retainers or attendants)
(类)retainer·retinue=witch·coven 家仆·一群家仆=女巫·女巫聚会(组成) rider [] n. 附件a clause appended to a legislative bill to secure a usually distinct object
(类) rider·bill=endorsement·policy 附件·议案=签名·保险合同书 (整体与部分)
reticent [] adj.沉默不语的(inclined to be silent or uncommunicative in speech· reserved) 【注:policy :a writing whereby a contract of insurance is made】
(类)reticent·talk=abstemious·gorge
沉默不语的·谈话=有节制地·狼吞虎咽(反面特征) ridicule [] n .v. 嘲笑,愚弄,笑柄(deride, lout, mock, scout, taunt)
(反)reticent ◆ loquacious vociferouseffusivetalktive (类)satire·ridicule=eleg y·sorrow讽刺文学·嘲笑=哀歌·悲伤(作品表达情感)
沉默不语的 ◆ 多话的叫喊的,吵闹的溢于言表的多话的 reportage·journalist=ridicule·satirist
(同)silent, close, close-lipped, closemouthed, reserved, taciturn 新闻报道·记者=讽刺的话·讽刺作家(人物及其工作对象)
(记)ticen 谐音提神。联想:这个人总沉默寡言,需要给他提提神。 (反)sublime ◆ ridiculous 崇高的 ◆ 荒谬的
(例)ridiculed him for his inability to perform the feat.
retort [] vi. 反驳,回嘴 n. 反驳(a quick, incisive reply)
(类)repartee·retort=debate·issue 灵巧的反驳·反驳=正式辩论·辩论(种属) rife [] adj. 流行的(prevalent);丰富的(copiously supplied)
【注:repartee·:a quick and witty reply】 (反)sparse ◆ rife 稀少的 ◆ 丰富的
(记)tort(扭)参考:tortuous 蜿蜒的 distort歪曲 (同)prevalent, regnant, abounding, overflowing, replete, swarming, teeming, thronged
(例)rife with rumors 谣言四起 (比较)rifle 步枪 rift 裂缝
retouch [] vt. vi. 润饰,修正(to rework in order to improve)
(类)revise·manuscript=retouch·picture 修订·手稿=润饰·画 (动宾关系) rift [] n.裂缝,离间(a clear space or interval)
(类)faultfinding·criticize=rift·breach 挑剔·批评=裂缝·破裂 (同义)
retract [] . 缩回,收回,否认 (反)rift ◆ reconciliation 离间 ◆ 调和
(类)misunderstood·clarify=erroneous·retract 误解·澄清=错误的·收回(动宾关系)
retract·statement = repeal·legislation 收回·声明=撤销·法律(动宾) rigor [  ] n. 严格,苛刻,严密,严酷,精确
(反)tender ◆ retract 提交 ◆ 收回 【注:tender:offer formally】 rigorous [  ] adj. 严格的,严酷的;精确的,缜密的
(同)recede , retreat, retrograde
rile [] vt. 搅浑浊,惹怒,使焦急(to make agitated and angry:upset)
retrench [] v. 节省,削减(cut down, reduce) (反)rile ◆ appeaseconciliatemake calm placate 激怒 ◆ 平息安慰使平静安抚
(类)retrench·expense=decelerate·speed 节省·开支=减速·速度 (动宾关系) (同)upset,roil,irritate
attenuate·force=retrenchment·money 减轻·压力=削减·开支 (动宾关系)
(反)retrench ◆ enlargeexpand 削减 ◆ 放大扩大 ripen [] v. 使成熟
(同)shorten, abbreviate, abridge, curtail, cut, cut back (类)ripen · maturity = harden · solidity 使成熟:成熟=使变硬:坚固
list 29 retribution ------ scan ripen·mature=drain·empty 使成熟·成熟=耗尽·清空 (行为及其结果)
retribution [] n. 报偿;惩罚; 报复(recompense, reward;punishment)
(类)kidnap·detainment=extortion·retribution 绑架·拘留=勒索·报偿(非法与正常) riot [] n.v.喧闹,打破平静(public violence, tumult, or disorder)
(同)retaliation, reprisal, revenge, vengeance (反)sedate ◆ riot 使镇静 ◆ 打破宁静
(例)The new comedy is a riot 这部新的戏剧很喧闹。
retrograde [] adj.倒退的(go backwards; recede; degenerate; deteriorate) (派)riotous 暴动的,蛮横的
(反)retrograde ◆ progressive 倒退的 ◆ 前进的
(记)[retro]向后+[grade]步伐向后走倒退的 rite [] n. 宗教仪式,仪式(a ceremonial act or action)
(反)rite ◆ improvised act 仪式 ◆ 即兴活动
retrospective [] adj. 追想的,回顾的(looking back on the past) (派)ritual典礼,仪式,例行习惯
(反)retrospective ◆ anticipatory 回顾的 ◆ 预想的
(例)a retrospective report;a retrospective exhibition rival [ ] v. 与„匹敌,比得上 n. 竞争者,对手
(记)[retro]向后+[spect]看回顾 (派)rivalry n. 竞争,敌对,敌对状态

revelry [] n. 狂欢 , 喧闹的作乐(noisy partying or merrymaking) rive [] vt. 撕开(to wrench open or tear apart or to pieces ;rend)
(反)revelry ◆ mournfulness 狂欢 ◆ 悲哀 (反)rive ◆ unite 撕开 ◆ 联合
(例)They were exhausted after the night of revelry. riven ◆ intact 撕开的 ◆ 完整无缺的
参考:revel陶醉,狂欢 (同)tear , cleave, rend, rip, split

revenge [] n. v. 报仇,复仇,报复 riveting [] adj. 吸引人的, 极迷人的(to attract and hold(as the attention)completely)
(类)mercenary·money=vindictive·revenge (反)vapid ◆ riveting 索然无味的 ◆ 吸引人的
惟利是图的·钱=报复性的·报复(人物追求对象) (记)rivet 铆钉+ing好像被铆钉铆上了使人目不转睛的
(同)avenge, redress, venge, vindicate
(记)[re]回+[venge]惩罚报复 rivulet [] n.小河, 小溪(a small stream)
(类)pittance·allowance=rivulet·stream 少量供应·定量供应=小溪·溪流 (小与正常)
reverberate [  ] v. 起回声,反响 (记)revu=river河+let小小河
revere [] v. 尊崇,尊敬(to show devoted deferential honor to)
(类)reverence·respect=avidity·enthusiasm 尊敬·敬重=热望·热心(同义) robust [] adj. 精力充沛的, 强壮的,健康的
reverent·idolater=trusting·dupe 偶像崇拜者过分尊敬的=易上当的人过分信任的 (反)robust ◆ sickness 健康 ◆ 疾病
elegiac·sorrow=devotional·reverence 哀歌体的·悲哀=虔诚的·尊敬(正面特征) decrepit ◆ robust 衰老的 ◆ 强壮的
exemplary·imitation=reverent·deference可仿 效的·模仿=值得尊敬的·尊重 (因果关(同)flourishing, healthy, strong, full-bodied
系) (记)乐百氏的英文商标。联想:喝乐百氏矿泉水让人强壮。
【注:reverent:expressing or characterized by reverence:worshipful 尊贵的,可敬的】
(反)revere ◆ jape at 尊敬 ◆ 嘲弄 rodent [] n.啮齿类动物(如鼠等)
revere ◆ disparage disgrace 尊敬 ◆ 贬损玷污 (类)kangaroo·marsupial=squirrel·rodent 袋鼠·有袋动物=松鼠·啮齿类动物 (种属)
impudent ◆ reverent 无礼的 ◆ 尊敬的
reverence ◆ despise 尊敬 ◆ 轻视 roil [] v. 搅浑,激怒(to make turbid by stirring up the sediment or dregs of)
irreverent ◆ respectful 不尊敬的 ◆ 尊敬的 (反)roil ◆ clarifyappeasesettle 搅浑,激怒 ◆ 澄清安抚使平静,澄清
(同)adore, reverence, venerate, worship 【注】这里考察了roil的两个义项:1。搅浑(澄清) 2。激怒(安抚)
(例)roiled the brook with his splashings
revile [ ] v. 辱骂,斥责
revise [] vt. 校订,修正(to make a new, amended, improved, or up-to-date version of) roister [] v. 喧闹作乐(to engage in noisy revelry:carous)
(类)revise·manuscript=retouch·picture 修订·手稿=润饰·画(动宾关系) (类)roisterer·carouse=recluse·withdraw 喧闹作乐的人狂欢作乐=隐居者隐居(撤退)

revive [] vi. 复活,恢复意识 rookie [] n.新兵;新手(recruit; also:novice)
(类)revert·prior=revive·conscious回复:原先的=苏醒:有意识的 (行为及其结果) (类)professional·rookie=soldier·recruit 专家:新手=士兵:新兵(正常:新)
(反)wither ◆ revive 枯萎 ◆ 复苏 (同)novice, apprentice, beginner, colt, freshman, neophyte, tyro
lull ◆ revive 使平静 ◆ 恢复精神, 复兴
(同)restore, resuscitate, revivify, recall, reestablish, reinstate roster [] n.值勤表,花名册(a roll or list of personnel)
(例)He revived his hope of escape. (类)roster·staff=obituary·death 花名册·职员=讣告·死亡(事物及其记录内容)
(记)re再+vive 活泼复活 参考:vivid 鲜明的,生动的
rostrum [] n. 讲坛,演讲坛(a stage for public speaking)
revoke [] vt.撤回, 废除, 宣告无效(to annul by recalling or taking back) (类)rostrum·orator=bench·judge 讲坛·演讲者=法官席·法官(人及其行为场所)
(反)empower ◆ revoke the authority 授权与 ◆ 废除权威
(记)re反+voke喊反着喊宣告无效 参考:revocation废弃,取消 rouse [] v. 激起,煽动 (to stir up:excite),唤起,唤醒
(反)mollify ◆ rouse 平息 ◆ 激起
revue [] n. 时俗讽刺歌舞剧(a musical show consisting of skits, songs, and dances) quell ◆ rouse 镇压 ◆ 煽动
(类)skit·revue 讽剌短剧·时俗讽刺歌舞剧(组成)
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royalty [] 王权(royal status or power);版税 (a payment to an author or composer for
each copy of a work sold or to an inventor for each item sold under a patent)
(类)royalty · payment = subpoena · writ 版税·付款=传票·书面命令 (种属)

rubicund [] adj. 红润的,透红的(ruddy)
(反)rubicund ◆ pale pallidwan 红润的 ◆ 苍白的
(同)ruddy, florid, flush, flushed, full-blooded, sanguine
(记)rud=red 红的 参考:ruddy (脸色)红润的

rudimentary [] adj.基础的(fundamental)原始的(of a primitive kind), 未
发展
的(very imperfectly developed or represented only by a vestige)
(反)rudimentary ◆ full developedfully realized 未发展的 ◆ 完全发展的完全实现的
(同)elementary, beginning, elemental, rudimental
(例)rudimentary equipment 原始的工具
He had only a rudimentary formal education 他仅受过小学教育。
the rudimentary tail of a hyrax 蹄兔未发展的尾巴。
(记)rudi=rude原始的,粗鲁的未发展的 参考:rudiments基础知识,入门 erudite博学的

rue [] n.后悔,遗憾(to feel penitence, remorse, or regret for)
(类)longing·pine=remorse·rue 渴望·渴望=懊悔·后悔 (同义)
(反)rue ◆ satisfaction 遗憾 ◆ 满足
rueful ◆ impenitent 后悔的 ◆ 不悔悟的
(同)regret, deplore, repent.

ruffle [] n.. 皱褶, 生气 v.使皱,使生气
(类)hem·garment=ruffle·shirt=molding·cabinet
摺边·衣服=皱褶·衬衣=装饰线条·橱柜(事物及其特殊部分)
(反)preen ◆ ruffle 抚平 ◆ 弄皱

ruminate [] vt. vi. 反刍(to chew repeatedly for an extended period)沉思(to go over
in the mind repeatedly and often casually or slowly)
(类)museful ·ruminative = lamentable ·plaintive 沉思的·沉思的=哀伤的·悲哀的(同
义)
(反)ruminative ◆ unreflective 沉思的 ◆ 不思考的
(同)ponder , chaw, deliberate, muse, revolve, roll, turn over
(记)rumi 谐音:入迷 联想:沉思以至于入迷。

rumple [] n.皱纹,皱褶(fold,wrinkle) v.使皱,弄皱
(反)glaze ◆ rumple 使表面光滑 ◆ 弄皱
rumple ◆ preen 弄皱 ◆ 打扮
(同)crumple , crinkle, rimple, wrinkle (记)rum弄皱+ple

run [] n. 连续演出(an unbroken course of performances or showings)
(类)journal·entries=run·performance
日志·记载条目=连续演出·表演(组成关系)
journal·entry=run·performance
期刊是一系列记载=一系列表演(是一系列)·表演(个体组成团体关系)

runic [  ] adj. 古代北欧文字的,神秘的
(类)martial·military=runic·mysterious 军事的·军事的=神秘的·神秘的(同义)
(记)来自rune:n. 古代北欧文字,神秘(mystery)

rupture [] v. 打破;打碎(to part by violence)
(反)rupture ◆ remain unbreakable 打破 ◆ 保持不碎
(同)breach , break, fissure, fracture, rent, rift, schism
(记)rupt断+ure破裂 参考:corrupt 腐败的,被破坏的;abruptly突然地

ruse [] n.诡计(trick to deceive; stratagem)
(类)paroxysm·sudden=ruse·deceived
突发·突然的=诡计·欺骗的 (正面特征)

rustic [] adj. 乡村的,纯朴的, 粗俗的(lacking in social graces or polish)
(反)rustic ◆ polishedurbane 粗俗的 ◆ 文雅的
(记)rust乡村+ic乡村的;参考:rusticate过乡村生活

rustle [] v. (美口语)偷牛(马)
(类)plagiarism·ideas=rustling·cattle 剽窃·想法,思想=偷牛马·牛 (动作及其行为对象)
(记)rustle 沙沙声,匆忙偷 参考:hustle 快做

sabbatical [] adj. 安息日的,周期性休息的
(类)sabbatical·leave=flattering·infatuation
周期性休息的·休假=讨人喜欢的·令人痴迷之物(后者的正面特征是前者)
(记)sab(谐音:赛)+ bat(球棒,棒球)→赛棒球 联想:美国人在休息日最喜欢赛棒球。

sabotage [] vt. 妨害,破坏
(类)saboteur ·disrupt=apologist·defend 破坏者·分裂=辩解者·防护(人物特征行为)
sabotage·subvertness=bull·intimidation 阴谋破坏·颠覆=暴力强迫·胁迫(行为目
标)
(同)subvert, undermine, wreck
(例)sabotaged his opponent's campaign with rumors and smears
(记)sabot 木鞋,引申为践踏妨害,破坏 参考:saboteur n.破坏者

saccharine [] n. 糖精
(类)sugar·saccharine=butter·margarin 糖·糖精=黄油·人造奶油(人工加工关系)
(反)acerbity ◆ saccharin 酸 ◆ 糖精

sacrilege [] n. 亵渎圣物,冒渎,悖理逆天的行为
(反)sacrilege ◆ respectreverent 亵渎 ◆ 尊敬
(同)profanation, blasphemy, desecration, violation
(记)sacri神圣+leg选择, 拿拿走神圣亵渎圣物

sacrosanct [  ] adj. 极神圣的
(记)sacro神圣+sanct神圣→神圣加神圣→极为神圣的

saddle [] n. 鞍, 鞍状物 v. (与with连用)使某人负担(责任等)
(反)saddle ◆ unload 是负担 ◆ 卸下
(例)He saddled his parents with debts. 他让父母背上了债务。

safeguard [] n. 保护措施,护照
(类)hed ge·loss=quarantine·contamination=safeguard·acciden t
阻碍物·损失=隔离·传染=保护·事件(防止关系)
(记)safe安全+guard保护保护措施

sagacious [] adj.聪明的,睿智的(of keen and farsighted penetration and
judgment)
(类)prudence·dare devil=sagacity·simpleton=turncoat·constancy
谨慎·大胆=聪明·傻子=变化·不变(缺乏关系)
sage·wisdom=philanthropist·benevolence 贤哲·英明=慈善家·善行(正面
特征)
sensitive·boor=sagacity·simpleton 敏感的·粗野的人=聪明·笨蛋(反面特
征)
constant·stalwart=judiciousness·sage 不变·坚定的=明智·贤明的(名形同
义)
(反)sagacious ◆ without wisdompuerilefollyfatuous
睿智 ◆ 没有机智幼稚的愚蠢笨拙的
(同)wise, discerning,knowledgeable, shrewd, astute, perspicacious
(记)sag 敏锐 参考:sagacity n.聪慧sage adj.睿智的.n.贤哲

salient [] adj.显著的,突出的(standing out conspicuously:prominent)
(类)salient·ignore=incomprehensible·understand 显著的不能忽略=不可理解的不能理解
subtle·ignore=salient·observe 微妙的东西容易被忽略=明显的东西容易被观察
(反)salient ◆ unconspicuous 显著的 ◆ 不明显的
(同)noticeable, arresting, conspicuous, prominent
(记)比较 silent 沉默的 把si换成sa 意思变成正相反

salmon [] n. 大马哈鱼
(类)salmon·ichthyologist=cham eleon·herpetologist
大马哈鱼·鱼类学者=变色龙·爬虫学者

salubrious [] adj . 有益健康的(favorable to or promoting health or well- being)
(类)instructive·comprehension=salubrious·health
教育性的有利于理解=有益健康的有利于健康
【注:instructive:carrying a lesson · enlightening】
virulentdeleterious ◆ salubrious 有毒的 有害的 ◆ 有益健康的
(反)insalubrious ◆ wholesome 不健康的 ◆ 健康的
salubrious ◆ banefuldeleteriousnoxiousunhealthy squalormorbid
有益健康的 ◆ 有害的有害的有毒的不健康的肮脏的病态的
insalubrity ◆ healthfulness 有碍健康 ◆ 有益健康
(同)healthful, healthy, hygienic, salutary,wholesome
(记)salu健康的 参考:salutary 有益的,有益健康的

salutary [] adj. 有益的,有益健康的(promoting a beneficial effect or health)
(反)salutary ◆ unhealthydeleterious 有益健康的 ◆ 不健康的有害的
(同)healthful, healthy, hygienic, salubrious, wholesome,beneficial

salutation [] n. 致敬,打招呼(表示欢迎和礼貌)
(反)salutation ◆ deportation 欢迎 ◆ 放逐
(记)salu 健康的,向别人问候健康致敬

salvage [] v.(从灾难中)抢救,海上救助
(反)salvage ◆ abandon 救助 ◆ 放弃
(例)salvaged the torpedoed vessel
(记)salv=save 救 派生:salvable·可抢救的

salve [] n. 药膏,抚慰剂v. 减轻,缓和(quiet, assuage)
(类)placebo·innocuous=salve·unctuous 镇定剂·无害的=药膏·滑的(正面特征)
(反)salve ◆ irritant 抚慰剂 ◆ 刺激物
(例)give him a raise in salary to salve his feelings 提高他的薪水来安抚他
(记)salv 救助从痛苦中解救抚慰,减轻,缓和

sanctify [] vt. 使神圣,敬神
(反)desecrate ◆ sanctify 亵渎 ◆ 敬神
(记)sanct(神圣)参考:sanctuary 圣堂,避难所 sanctum 圣地,密室

sanctuary n. 避难所(a place of refuge and protection)
(类)sanctuary·protetion=utopia·perfection 避难所求保护=乌托邦求完美

sanction [] v. 批准, 同意,认可(to give effective or authoritative approval or consent to)
(反)dismiss ◆ sanction 开除 ◆ 批准
(同)approve,certify,endorse
(记)sanct(神圣)sanction 原指教会法令,后来转义为批准,同意

sanctimonious [] adj. 假装虔诚的(hypocritically pious)
(类)sanctimonious·devoted=unctuous·earnest 假装虔诚的·虔诚的=假意热心的·热心
【注】unctuous :characterized by affected, exaggerated, or insincere earnestness

sand [] v. 磨光 n. 沙
(类)varnish·glossy =sand·smooth 涂清漆·有光泽=磨光·光滑(行为及其结果)
sand·dune=word·sentence 沙·沙丘=词语·句子(组成关系)

sanguine [] adj. 红润的(red)充满希望的(hopeful)愉快的(cheerful)
(反)sanguine ◆ despondenthopeless 充满希望的 ◆ 失望的无希望的
sanguine ◆ morose 愉快的 ◆ 郁闷的
(记)sanguine(本义血)引申:血色→满面红光→心情好;参考:sanguinary 血腥的

sanitation [] n.卫生,卫生设施
(类)censorship·information=sanitation·disease 审查制度·消息=卫生·疾病(防止关系)
(反)noxious ◆ sanitary 有毒的 ◆ 卫生的
【注】sanitary 有关卫生和清洁的 sanitary napkin 卫生巾sanitary ware 卫生瓷

sap [] vt. 削弱(weaken)n.树液,体液,活力(bodily health and vigor)
(反) sap ◆ bolsterfortifyinvigorate 削弱 ◆ 支持 增强 鼓舞
(同)attenuate, blunt, cripple, debilitate, disable, enfeeble, undermine
(记)sap (树液,活力)参考:sapless adj.缺乏活力的 sapling 树苗,小树,年轻人

sapient [] adj. 贤明的,有洞察力的(possessing or expressing great sagacity)
(反)sapient ◆ foolish 聪明 ◆ 愚蠢
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(记)sap(活力)智慧有智慧的人是贤明的,有洞察力的 参考:sapience n.贤明 s c a t h i n g [  ] adj. 严厉的( bitterly severe )
(反)scathingly ◆ politely calmly complimentary 严厉地 ◆ 客气地 平静地称赞的
sarcasm [] n. 讽刺,轻蔑(cutting ironic remark; scornful remarks) (同)caustic, mordant, trenchant
(反)sarcasm ◆ praise 讽刺 ◆ 表扬 (记)sca 谐音“死卡”+thing(事情)联想:死卡事情当然是严厉了。
参考:sarcastic adj. 讽刺的,辛辣的 sardonic adj. 讽刺的,嘲笑的
schism [] n. 分裂(division, separation),不一致(discord, disharmony)
sartorial [] adj. 裁缝匠的,缝工的,裁缝的 (类)schism·consensus=interruption·continuity 不一致·一致=中断·连续性 (反义)
(类)tonsorial·hair=sartorial·apparel 理发的·头发=裁缝的·衣服(工作对象) (反)schism ◆ accord 不一致 ◆ 一致
(记)谐音:萨特。联想:哲学家萨特过去的出身是裁缝。 (派)schismatic n.分裂者adj.分裂的

sate [seit] vt. 满足,充足,饮食过度(satisfy to the full; satisfy to excess; cloy) school [sku:l] n. 学派,鱼群
(反)sate ◆ starve 饮食过度 ◆ 饿 (类)school·fish=flock·birds 鱼群·鱼=鸟群·鸟
(同)satiate, cloy, glut, gorge, stodge, surfeit
scintillate [] v. 闪烁,(谈吐)流露机智(to throw off as a spark or as sparkling flashes)
satiate [] v. 饱足,过分满足(to satisfy fully or to excess) (反)scintillating ◆ dullfoolly 才气横溢的 ◆ 迟钝的愚蠢的
(类)satiated·food=saturated·moisture 饱满的·食物=饱和的·湿度(过分关系) (例)scintillate witticisms
(反)satiate ◆ tantalize 满足 ◆ 挑逗 (记)scintill(火花) 参考:scintillating adj.才华横溢的
(同)cloy, glut, gorge, jade, sate, stodge, surfeit
(例)tried to titillate rather than satiate his readers' interest 试图挑逗而不是满足读者的兴趣。 scion [] n. 幼芽, 子孙(descendant, child)
(记)sat (满)参考: sate v. 使心满意足 satiety n. 饱足,满足 (反)scion ◆ ancestor 子孙 ◆ 前辈

satire [] n.讽刺诗,讽剌文学;讽刺 scission [] n. 切断,分离,分裂(a division or split in a group or union:schism)
(类)satire·ridicule=elegy·sorrow 讽剌作品·嘲笑=挽歌·悲哀(事物表达情感) (反)scission ◆ unification 分裂 ◆ 统一

satirize [] v. 讽刺 scissor [  ] n. 剪刀
(类)panegyric·eulogize=lampoon·satirize 赞美诗·颂扬=讽刺文·讽刺(正面特征) (类)pestle·grinding=scissor·cutting 乳钵,·磨=剪刀·剪(工具及其功用)
【注:干扰选项spoon: stirring 汤匙:搅动;说明:汤匙可以搅动,但这并非其最本质的
saturate [] v. 使饱和, 浸透(full of moisture·made thoroughly wet) 功用。】
(类)satiated·food=saturated·moisture 饱满的·食物=饱和的·湿度(程度) saw·carpenter=scissors·tailor 锯·木匠=剪刀·裁缝
small·minuscule=moist·saturated 小·微小=湿的·饱和的(程度)
obliterate·remove=saturated·wet 删除·除去=湿透的·湿 (同义) scoff [] n. 笑柄,嘲笑 v. 嘲笑(to treat or address with derision:mock)v.狼吞虎咽
saturated·wet=peeved·annoy 湿透的·弄湿=恼怒的·骚挠 (后者 引起前(类)scoff·derisive=bluster·loud=pontificate·pomp ous
者) 嘲笑·嘲笑的=怒号·大声的=武断·高傲的(正面特征)
(同)soak , drench, impregnate, sodden, sop, souse, steep, waterlog scoff·contempt=thank·gratitude 嘲笑·轻蔑=感谢·感谢(同义)
(派)saturated 饱和的,渗透的,深颜色的 (同)scoff, jeer, gibe, fleer, sneer, flout

saturnine [] adj. 忧郁的,阴沉的 of a gloomy or surly disposition scooter [] n. 滑行车,踏板车
(类)despondent·depressed=saturnine·gloomy 意气消 沉·沮丧的=忧郁的·忧伤的(同(类)oscillation·swing=momentum·scoot er 振动·秋千=动力·滑行车(后者运动需要前
义) 者)
(反)saturnine ◆ ovialgenial 郁闷的 ◆ 欢乐的
(同)sullen, dour, gloomy, glum, morose, sulky, surly, ugly scorch [] v. 烧焦, 烘干(sear)
(记)saturn土星土星上天天沙尘暴,所以那里的人性格都很忧郁。 (反)dampen ◆ scorch 使潮湿 ◆ 烧焦
(派)scorching adj. 酷热的
saunter [] n. v. 闲逛,漫步(to walk about in an idle or leisurely manner:stroll)
(类)prate·speak=saunter·walk 闲谈·说=漫步·走(闲散与正常) score [] n. 乐谱,分数
(同)amble,drift,linger,stroll (类)director·script=conductor·score 导演·剧本=指挥·乐谱(前者根据后者展开工作)
(记)saun 谐音“散”;联想:散步漫步,闲逛 script·drama=score·music 剧本·戏剧=乐谱·音乐(组成)
notes·score=symbols·rebus 音符·乐谱=符号·画谜(组成)
savanna [] n. 平原(a treeless plain especially in Florida);草原(a tropical or
subtropical grassland containing scattered trees and drought-resistant undergrowth) scorn [] n. 轻蔑 vt. 轻蔑,鄙视,不屑(reject or dismiss as contemptible or unworthy)
(反)savanna ◆ slope 平原 ◆ 斜坡 (类)venerable·reverence=despicable·scorn 可敬的·尊敬=可鄙的·鄙视(因果关系)
(记)本词来自佛罗里达著名的“萨瓦纳平原”。 scorn·reject= disparage·ignore 鄙斥·拒斥=轻视·忽视(褒贬)
【注】后者不带感情色彩,而前者带有主观的感情色彩;
savant [] 博学之士,学者(a person of learning) 干扰:adulate ·flatter谄媚·奉承(程度)
(反)savant ◆ unlearned person 博学之士 ◆ 没有学问的人 scorn:reject or dismiss as contemptible or unworthy
(记)谐音“斯文的”;联想:学者当然是斯文的。 adulate:to flater or admire excessively or slavishly
(反)scorn ◆ adulate venerate 鄙视 ◆ 谄媚尊敬
savory adj. 美味的,可口的(appetizing to the taste or smell) (同)despise, abhor, contemn, disdain, scout
(类)mellifluous·sound=savory·taste 悦耳的·声音=美味的·味道(前者修饰后者) (例)scorned the traditions of their ancestors 鄙视祖先的传统
(反)savory ◆ noisome 味好的 ◆ 难闻的 scorned to reply to the charge 不屑答复这一指控
(源)savor v. 品偿,欣赏,体验到
scotch [] vt. 阻碍(hinder, thwart)
savvy [] n. 老练,机智(practical know-how) (反)scotch ◆ encourage 阻碍 ◆ 鼓励
(反)savvy ◆ simplicity 老练,机智 ◆ 幼稚
savvy ◆ tactlessness 老练,机智 ◆ 不老练 scour [] vt. 擦洗;全面检查(to go through or range over in or as if in a search)
(同)shrewd, astucious, astute, perspicacious, sagacious (类)scour·wash 擦洗·洗
(记)sav(=sap智慧)参考:savant n.博学之士,大学士
scourge [  ] n. 鞭子,天谴,灾祸,严厉的斥责
sawdust [] n. 锯屑 fine particles (as of wood) made by a saw in cutting (记)谐音:撕克制→撕去克制→严厉的谴责
(类)soot·combustion=sawdust·woodcutting 烟灰·燃烧=锯屑·木雕
wood·sawdust=metal·filings 木头·锯屑=金属·銼屑 scowl [] vi. 皱眉(表现出不高兴)(to contract the brow in an expression of displeasure)
(类)scowl·displeasure=kiss·affection 皱眉头·不悦=亲吻·感情(动作表达情感)
scabbard [] n. 鞘 v. 插入鞘中(a sheath for a sword, dagger, or bayonet) (例)idioms look black as thunder, pull a face(or scowl)
(类)dagger·scabbard=pistol·holster 匕首·鞘=手枪·手枪皮套
(记)scab(疤)联想:鞘由皮革做成,表面粗糙象疤。参考:scabrous 粗糙的 scrappy [] adj. 好斗的,果敢的(quarrelsome;having an aggressive and determined spirit)
(反)scrappy ◆ timorous 好斗的 ◆ 胆小的
scads [] n. 许多,大量(a large number or quantity) (同)quarrelsome, battlesome,belligerent, bellicose, contentious, militant,pugnacious
(反)scads ◆ paucity 大量 ◆ 极小量
(例)scads of money scads of opportunities scrap [] vt. 抛弃(discard;to abandon as no longer of enough worth to retain)
(反)scrap ◆ retrieve 抛弃 ◆ 找回
scale [] n. 天平,秤盘;音阶(a graduated series of musical tones) (例)scrap outworn methods 抛弃陈旧的方法。
(类)gauge·p ressure=scale·weight=yardstick·length (记)scrap原义是碎屑,废料。联想:这些东西当然要抛弃了。
量规·压力=天平·重量=码尺·长度(测量工具及其对象)
color·spectrum=tone·scale 颜色·光谱=音调·音阶 (连续的前者构成后者) scrawl [] vt.乱涂, 潦草地写(to write or draw awkwardly, hastily, or carelessly:scribble)
(反)scrawl ◆ write carefully 潦草地写 ◆ 仔细的写
scalpel [] n.手术刀(a small straight thin-bladed knife used especially in surgery) (记)crawl爬写出来的字像蛛蛛爬乱写
(类)tackiness·adhesive=sharpness·scalpel粘·粘合剂=锋利·手术 刀 (正面特征)
scalpel·surgeon=telescope·astronomer scribble [] vt. vi. 潦草地书写,乱写
手术刀·外科医生=望远镜·天文学家(工具与其使用者) (类)tinker·adjust=scribble·write=mumble·talk
(记)scalp头皮刮头皮手术刀 参考:skull 头骨 笨拙的修补·调试=乱写·写=喃喃而语·说(非正常与正常关系)
(记)scrib写+ble乱写 参考:scripture手稿
scan [] vt. 分析韵律(to read or mark so as to show metrical structure)
(类)scan·metrical=parse·grammatical 分析韵律·(诗的)韵律的=分析语法·语法的 script [] n. 手迹,手稿,剧本(the written text of a stage play, screenplay, or broadcast)
list 30 scant ------- sincere (类)script·drama=score·music 剧本·戏剧=乐谱·音乐(组成关系)
scant [] adj. 不足的,,缺乏的(scanty) script · play = score · symphony 剧本·戏剧=乐谱·交响乐(前者是后者进行的基
(反)scant ◆ considerable 缺乏的 ◆ 相当多的 础)
scanty ◆ voluminousprofuse myriad 缺乏的 ◆ 丰满的极其丰富的无数的
(同)short, deficient, inadequate, insufficient, scanty, scarce scruple [  ] v. (由于道德原因而感到)迟疑不安,踌躇,顾忌
scrupulous [] adj. 小心谨慎的,正直的(having moral integrity;painstaking)
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69 蓝宝GRE笔考词汇突破核心词汇 蓝宝GRE笔考词汇突破核心词汇
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(反)probity ◆ unscrupulousness 正直的 ◆ 不正直的
(同)upright,conscientious , painstaking, punctilious
(例)working with scrupulous care
(记)scruple 顾及+lous很多顾及小心谨慎的

scrutable
lion: den 狮:兽穴
[]
fish: seine 鱼:网
adj. 可以理解的,可以
lamb: shears 羊羔:大剪刀
了解的
scorpion: sting 蝎子:蜇刺
(comprehensible)
lobster: claw 龙虾:螯
(反)
mysterio
us ◆
scrutabl
e 神
秘而不可知的 ◆ 可了解的

scrutinize [aiz] v. 仔细检查(to examine closely and minutely)
(类)observe·scrutinize=question·grill 观察·细查=询问·拷问(程度)
scrutinize·gloss=delve·skim 细查·掠过=深入研究·浏览(程度)
headstrong·advice=secretive·scrutiny 刚愎的排斥建议=秘密的排斥审查
(反)scrutinize ◆ gloss over 细查 ◆ 马虎
scrutiny ◆ casual glance 精读 ◆ 随意一瞥
circumspect ◆ audacious 慎重的·鲁莽的 (干扰:unscrupulous行为不检点的)

scuff [] n. v. 拖着脚走,磨损(to become scratched, chipped, or roughened by wear)
(类)scuff·abrasion=heat·vaporization 拖着脚走·磨损=加热·蒸发(动作及其结果)
(记)象声词。谐音:斯喀~~磨鞋的声音

sculpt [] v. 雕刻(carve, sculpture)
(类)canvas·painter=marble·sculptor 画布·画家=大理石·雕刻家(人物及其工作对象)
statue·sculpture=ode·poem 雕像·雕刻品=颂诗·诗(种属)
author·novel=sculptor·marble 作家·小说=雕塑家·雕刻品(人物及其创作工
作对象)
【注】chef·banquet(厨师:宴会) 是干扰选项。厨师的直接工作对象当然是食
物,宴
会与厨师有关但并非厨师是主角。marble :a sculpture made from this rock雕刻品

scurrilous [] adj. 说粗话的,猥亵的(using coarse language containing slander)
(类)scurrilous·propriety=mercurial·constancy 猥亵的·得体=易变的·恒定(反面特征)
(同)abusive,invective,trucu lent,vituperative;obscene, indecent

scurvy [] adj. 下流的,可鄙的(disgustingly mean or contemptible:despicable)
(反)scurvy ◆ above reproach 可鄙的 ◆ 不受指责的
(同)contemptible, beggarly, cheap, despicable, mean, shabby

scythe [] n. 长柄的大镰刀,战车镰
(类)scythe·reaper=axe·woodcutter 镰刀·收割者=斧子·伐木者(人及其工具关系)

seascape n. 海景(a view of the sea), 海景画(a picture representing a scene at sea)
(类)portrait·person =seascape·ocean 肖像·人=海景画·海 (前者描述后者)

seamy [] adj. 堕落的,污秽的(degraded, sordid)
(反)seamy ◆ decent and respectable 堕落污秽的 ◆ 正派值得尊敬的

seasoned a. 经验丰富的,老练的
secluded [] adj. 隐僻的,隐蔽的(hidden from view; sequestered;solitary)
(类)hermitage·secluded=landmark·conspicuous 隐居处·隐蔽的=路标·明显的(正面特
征)
(同)cloistered, hermetic, recluse, seclusive, sequestered
(记)se分开+clude关闭分开关闭隔绝;隐居;参考:seclusive 好隐居的

secrete [] vt. 隐藏,分泌(to form and give off a secretion)
(类)frank·secretiven ess=honest·theft坦白的·秘密=诚实的·偷(反面特征)
(反)secrete ◆ absorb 分泌 ◆ 吸收
secrete ◆ divulge 隐秘 ◆ 泄密
(记)来自secret n. 秘密adj.秘密的

secular [  ] n. 牧师,俗人
secure [  ] adj. 安全的 v. 保护;招致,带来
sedate [] adj.镇静的,安静的(keeping a quiet steady attitude) vt. 给...服镇静剂
(类)sedative·pacify=antiseptic·sterlize 镇定剂·使平静=消毒剂·使无菌(作用关系)
sedative·drowsiness=anesthetic·numbness 镇定剂·睡意=麻醉剂·麻木(因
果关系)
【注】sedative n. 镇静剂 adj.(药物)镇静的
(反)sedate ◆ roil 沉着 ◆ 激怒
sedate ◆ flighty 稳定的 ◆ 反复无常的
(同)serious, earnest, grave, sober, solemn, staid

sedentary [] adj. 久坐的,固定不动的(not migratory:settled)
(反)migratory ◆ sedentary 流动的 ◆ 静止的
peripatetic ◆ sedentary 巡游的 ◆ 不迁徙的
(记)sed=sid坐下+entary久坐的

seduce [] vt. 怂恿,劝说(使不忠,使不服从)(to persuade to disobedience or disloyalty)
(反)seduce ◆ discourage 怂恿 ◆ 使气馁
(同)lure, allure, bait, entice, entrap, inveigle
(记)se分开+duce引导引开勾引 参考:seductive adj.诱人的,有魅力的

sedulous [] adj. 坚忍不拔的,勤勉的(diligent in application or pursuit)
(反)sedulous ◆ carelesslack of industriousness 勤勉的 ◆ 粗心的
sedulous ◆ lazy lack of industriousness 勤勉的 ◆ 怠惰的不刻苦
(同)assiduous, diligent, industrious
(例)sedulous craftsmanship 勤勉的工匠sedulous student 勤勉的学生
(记)sed=sid坐下+ulous多„的坐的多的勤勉的 参考:sedulity 勤勉

seemly [] adj. 适宜的,恰当的,合适的(conventionally proper;fit)
(类)ribald·seemly=labyrinthine·direct 下流的·适宜的=迷宫似的·直接的(反义)
(反)seemly ◆ uncouthribaldindecorous 合适的 ◆ 粗俗的不和礼节的

segment [] n. 片断 vt. 分割(to separate into segments:give off as segments)
(反)segment ◆ make whole 分割 ◆ 使成整体

self-abasement [] n.自卑, 自谦(degradation or humiliation of oneself)
(反)self-abasement ◆ self-asserting 自卑 ◆ 自信(干扰

self- aggrandize增大自己的实力)

【注】self- aggrandizing:the act or process of making oneself greater

(as in power or influence)


答案:(B)
self-absorbed adj. 自恋的(absorbed in one's own thoughts, activities, or
interests)
(类)
libertine·dissolute=syco phant·obsequious=narcissist·self-absorbed
淫荡者·放荡的=马屁精·奉承的=自我陶醉者·自恋的(正面特
征)

seine [] n围网,大围网
BIRD: SNARE 鸟:罗网





seminal [] adj. 有创意的,种子的,萌芽的(containing or contributing the seeds of
later development:creative, original)
(反)seminal ◆ hampering further development 萌芽的 ◆ 阻碍进一步发展
seminal ◆ derivative 有创意的 ◆ 派生的
(记)semin种+al有创见的

seminary [] n. 神学院
(类)conservatory·music=semi nary·theology=observatory·astronomy
音乐学院·音乐=神学院·神学=气象台·天文学(研究场所)
seminary·theologian = conservatory·artist 神学院·神学者=音乐学校·艺术

(记)semin种+ary培养(上帝)种子的地方神学院

sensation [] n. 感觉,知觉;轰动事件
(类)analgesic·pain=anesthetic·sensation 止痛剂·疼痛=麻醉剂·感觉(消除关系)
numb·sensation=stiff·suppleness 麻木·感觉=刚硬·柔软(缺乏关系)
(反)sensation ◆ anesthesia 知觉 ◆ 麻木
sensation ◆ unnoticed event 轰动事件 ◆ 不知名的小事
numbness ◆ sensation 麻木 ◆ 感觉
(记)sens 感觉;参考:sensible明智的;sensitive敏感的;sensational耸人听闻的

sensitive [] adj. 敏感的,易感的;灵敏的,感光的
(类)sensitization·allergic=habituation·inured 敏感·敏感的=习惯·习惯的(同义)
quixotic·idealistic=touchy·sensitive 纯想象的·想象的=敏感的·敏感的(同
义)
tactile·touch=sentient·emotion 触觉的·触觉=情感的·情感(形名同义)
(反)sensitive ◆ numb 敏感 ◆ 麻木
sentimentalsentient ◆ unconscious 多愁善感的有感觉的 ◆ 无意识的

sentinel [] n. 哨兵,看守
(类)sentinel·watchful=epicure·discriminating 哨兵·警觉的=美食家·辨别(正面特征)
(记)sent感觉感觉者哨兵;参考:sentry 哨兵,步哨

sepulchral [] adj. 坟墓的(mortuary);阴深的,忧郁的
(反)sepulchral ◆ merry 忧郁的 ◆ 欢快的
(记)谐音“赛跑车”联想:赛跑车很危险,离进坟墓不远了。

septic [] adj. 腐败的 n. 腐烂物(of, relating to, or causing putrefaction)
(反)septic ◆ free of infection 腐败的 ◆ 未被感染的

sequela [] n. 后继者, 后遗症
(反)precursor ◆ sequela 先驱 ◆ 后继者
(记)sequ跟随+ela后继者

sequester [] vt. 使隐退,使隔绝,分离(to set apart:segregate;seclude, withdraw)
(类)sequester·seclusion=endanger·jeopardy 分离·隔离=危及· 危险(前者造成后者)
(反)sequester ◆ permit to mingle 分离 ◆ 混合

sequestrate [  ] v. 扣押,没收

seraph [] n. 六翼天使(one of the 6-winged angels standing in the presence of God)
(反)diabolical ◆ seraphic 恶魔的 ◆ 六翼天使的

sere [] adj.干枯的,凋萎的(being dried and withered )
(反)sere ◆ lushdamp 干枯的 ◆ 葱绿的湿润的
(同)dry, arid, droughty, moistureless
(记)参考:sear灼烧 联想:灼烧,灼热的太阳造成枯萎。

serendipity [] n. 善于发掘新奇事物的天赋(the faculty or phenomenon of
finding valuable or agreeable things not sought for)
(类)serendipitous·effort=ineluctable·chance
靠天赋或运气获得的·努力=不可避免的·机会(缺乏关系)
【注】serendipitous :obtained or characterized by serendipity 靠天赋或运气获得的
(记)serendipity=seven+dip=七个小矮人挖=有挖出财宝的天赋

serene [] adj. 清澈的,晴朗的,安静的(marked by utter calm and unruffled quietude)
(类)perturb·serenity=reassure·doubt 扰乱·平静=使安心·怀疑(前者消除后者)
disturb·serenity=intrude·privacy 扰乱·平静=侵入·隐私(消除关系)
restless·serenity=deferential·insolent 不平静的·平静=恭谨的·无礼 (反义)
(反)serenity ◆ havoc pandemonium tumultbedlamriot 平静 ◆ 混乱喧嚣骚动混乱
骚乱
furor ◆ serenity 激情 ◆ 平静
serene ◆ tumultuous vociferous 平静的 ◆ 骚动的 喧哗的
(同)composed, easy, easygoing, placid, poised, self-composed, self-possessed, tranquil

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serfdom [] n. 农奴身份, 农奴境遇
(反)serfdom ◆ lord 农奴 ◆ 地主

sermon [] n. 说教,训诫,布道
(类)nitpicker·criticize= preacher·sermon=quibbler·cavil
吹毛求疵者·批评=布道者·布道=吹毛求疵者·挑剔(正面特征)
sermon · homiletics = argument · logic 说教·说教术=辩论·逻辑学(学科研
究内容)

serpentine [] adj. 蜿蜒的,在形状或移动上象蛇的,弯曲的
(类)serpentine·directness 弯曲的·直接
(记)serpent 蛇+ine像蛇一样弯曲

serrate [] adj. 锯齿状的(notched or toothed on the edge)
(反)serrated ◆ without notchessmooth 锯齿形的 ◆ 无凹口的平滑的
(例)jagged peaks and serrate ridges
(记)serr=saw锯子+ated锯齿状的参考:serration锯齿状; serried密集的

serried [] adj. 密集的,林立的,重重叠叠罗列的
(反)serried ◆ widely separated 密集的 ◆ 稀疏的

servile [] adj. 奴隶的,卑屈的(meanly or cravenly submissive:abject)
(类)compliant·servile=trusting·gullible 顺从的·卑屈的=信任的·受骗的(褒贬程度)
gullible·chicanery=servile·domination 易受骗的容易被欺骗=卑屈的容易被控

imperious·servile=bellicose·peaceable 高傲的·奴性的=好斗的·和平的(反
特)
impetuous·hesitate=irrepressible·servile 冲动的·犹豫=无法镇压的·顺从的
(反义)
obsequious·servile=belligerent·assertive 谄媚的·卑屈的=好战的·有进取心的
(褒贬程度)
(记)serv=slave奴隶+ile奴性的,百依百顺的 参考:serve:服务,当仆人

severe [] adj. 严格的,凶猛的(of a strict or stern bearing or manner:austere)
(类)mitigate·severe=qualify·general 减轻·剧烈的=使具有资格·一般的(消除关系)
palmy·prosperity=draconian·severity 繁荣的·繁荣=严格的·严格(形容词及其名
词)
(同)ascetic, astringent, stern, austere, dour, brutal, inclement
(例)treated all the students with severe impartiality 以非常公正的态度对待所有的学生
a severe winter storm 一场严酷的冬季暴风雪

shackle [] vt. 加枷锁,束缚(to deprive of freedom especially of action by means of
restrictions or handicaps)
(反)shackle ◆ looseemancipate 束缚 ◆ 放松解放
(同)fetter,impede,hamper

shadow [] vt. 遮蔽,使朦胧,预示,偷偷尾随(to follow especially secretly:trail)
(类)follow·shadow=scheme·plot =hear·eavesdrop=leave·abscond
跟随·偷偷尾随=计划·密谋=听·偷听=离开·潜逃(正常与秘密)
(反)shadowy ◆ overt 遮蔽 ◆ 公开

shallow [] 浅的,浅薄的(lacking in depth of thought;shoal, superficial)
(反)shallow ◆ profound 浅薄的 ◆ 深刻的
(例)buried in a shallow grave 埋在浅浅的墓穴中
a shallow demagogue 一个浅薄的煽动者

shale [] n. 页岩,泥板岩
(类)shale·lode=well·aquifer 页岩·矿脉=井·蓄水层 (事物及其发源)
(记)来自shell贝壳

sham [] v. 佯装 n. 伪品 adj. 虚假的(not genuine:false, feigned)
(反)debunk ◆ perpetuate to sham 揭穿真相 ◆ 永远伪装
sham ◆ genuine 虚假的 ◆ 真正的
(同)fictitious,counterfeit, artificial
(记)shame害羞去掉e佯装

shard [] n.(陶瓷器、瓦等的)破片,碎片
(类)shard·pottery=fragment·bone=crumb· bread=morsel·food
破片·陶瓷=碎骨·骨头=面包屑·面包=(食物)一口·食物(碎片与整体)

shiftless [] adj. 无计谋的,懒惰的(lacking in ambition or incentive:lazy)
(类)shiftless·ambition=ingenuous·guile 懒惰的·雄心=坦白的·诡计(缺乏关系)
(记)shift转移+less懒的动懒惰

shipshape [] adj. 井然有序的,整洁的(trim, tidy)
(类)shipshape·disarray = squalid·cleanliness 井然有序的·混乱=肮脏的·清洁(反义)

shirk [] v.逃避,规避 avoid (responsibility, work, etc.; malinger)
(类)shirk·duty= parry·question=recluse·crowd
逃避·责任=躲避·问题=隐遁·人群(逃避关系)
parsimonious·skimp=malingering·shirk
吝啬的·小气=装病逃避·逃避(正面特征)
hoard·miser=shirk·malinger
秘藏·守财奴=逃避·装病逃避的人 (正面特征)

shoal [] adj. 浅的(shallow)
(类)shoal ◆ deep 浅的 ◆ 深的
(同)shallow, superficial

shoddy [  ] adj. 以次充好的
shopworn [] adj. 陈旧的, 陈腐的(尤指在商店中陈列久的货物)
(反)shopworm ◆ new 陈旧的 ◆ 新的
(同)trite, clich, hackneyed, stale, timeworn
(记)shop商店+worn用旧的陈旧的,陈腐的

shred [] n.碎片,细条(a long, irregular strip cut or torn off)少量剩余, 最少量
(类)shred·remnant 碎布条·边角料(同义)

shrewd [] adj. 精明的, 机敏的(marked by clever discerning awareness and hardheaded
acumen)
(反)shrewd ◆ foolish naïve 精明的 ◆ 愚蠢的幼稚的
(同)shrewd,sagacious,perspicacious,astute,savvy
(例)the captain was a shrewd judge of character
(记)比较shrew泼妇 联想:泼妇一般是很精明的

shrine [] n. 神殿,圣地
(类)shrine·pilgrim=peak·climber 圣地·圣地朝圣者=山顶·登山者(前者是后者的目标)

shrug [] v. 耸肩(表示冷漠、怀疑等)to lift or contract(the shoulders)especially
to express aloofness, indifference, or uncertainty
(类)shrug·indiffer ence=blush·embarrassment=nod·agreement=bow·respect
耸肩·不关心=脸红·困窘=点头·同意=鞠躬·尊敬(动作及其表达态度)
(记)参考:shrub 灌木

shun [] vt. 避开, 避免(to avoid deliberately and especially habitually)
(反)haunt ◆ shun 常到 ◆ 避开(常去之地)
frequent ◆ shun 时常出入 ◆ 避开(常去之地)
【注:争议选项avoid 避免;说明:shun侧重强调避开一个习惯性长去的地方,avoid 较普通】
shun ◆ seek actively 躲避 ◆ 积极的寻找
(同)escape, avoid, elude, eschew, evade

sibling [] n. 兄弟(或姊妹),同胞
sidereal [] adj. 恒星的(in relation to stars or constellations:astral)
(类)arboreal·trees=sidereal·stars 树的·树=恒星的·恒星(形容及其名词)
fluvial·river=sidereal·star 河流的·河流=恒星的·恒星 (名词及其形容词)
star·sidereal=emotion·affective 恒星·恒星的=感情·感情的(名词及其形容
词)
(记)sider 星+eal星的

sidestep [] vi. 躲避打击,回避问题(avoid;bypass, evade)
(反)sidestep ◆ confront directly 回避 ◆ 正对
(例)sidestep a blow sidestep a question 躲避打击,回避问题

signal [] adj. 显著的(distinguished from the ordinary)
(反)signal ◆ unremarkable 显著的 ◆ 不明显的
(同)noticeable, conspicuous, outstanding, prominent, remarkable, salient
(记)sign标记+al显著的

simper [] vi. n. 假笑,傻笑(to smile in a silly manner;smirk)
(类)simper·smile=babble·talk 傻笑·笑=胡言乱语·说

simpleton [] n. 笨蛋,傻子(缺乏常识)
(类)prudence·daredevil=sagacity·simpleton 谨慎·大胆=聪明·傻子(反义关系)
turncoat·constancy=simpleton·sagacity 背叛者不会不屈不挠=傻子不会聪明
(记)simple 简单+ton人简单的人

simulate [] vt. 模拟,假装,模仿(to assume the appearance often with the intent to
deceive)
(反)simulation ◆ authentic article 模仿品 ◆ 真品
(记)simul 相同+ate使相同假装

sin [] n. 犯罪,过失(an offense against religious or moral law)
(类)peccadillo·sin=admonishment·castigation 小错·犯罪=警告·惩罚(程度关系)
(同)evil,crime,iniquity,wrongdoing

sincere [] adj. 诚实的,正直的(honest;pure; true)
(类)authenticity·fraudulent=sincerity·hy pocritical 真实性·欺诈的=真实·伪善的(反特)
poseur·sincerity=recluse·gregariousness 装模作样的人·真实=隐居
者·群居(缺乏)
(反)poseur ◆ sincere person 装模作样的人 ◆ 真诚的人
badinage ◆ sincere conversation 打趣 ◆ 真诚的对话
(例)had a sincere dislike for politics
list 31 sinecure------- spleen
sinecure [] n. 美差(well-paid position with little responsibility)
(反)sinecure ◆ arduous employment 美差 ◆ 艰苦的工作
(记)sine无+cure操心不操心还拿高工资美差

sinew [] n. 精力,腱,原动力,体力(solid resilient strength:power)
(类)tendinous·sinewy 腱的·腱(形名同义)
(反)sinew ◆ weakness 强健 ◆ 虚弱
(例)astonishing intellectual sinew and clarity
(记)si=see看到+new新的出新精力,原动力

singe [] v. 烧焦, 烤焦(to burn superficially or lightly · scorch)
(类)singe·incinerate=erode·destruction 烧焦·烧成灰烬=腐蚀·毁灭(程度)

singularity [  ] n. 独一,罕有,非凡 奇特,独特
sinuous [] adj. 迂回的,复杂的(winding; intricate, complex)
(反)sinuous ◆ direct 蜿蜒的 ◆ 直接的
(同)winding, convoluted, flexuous, meandering, serpentine, tortuous
(记)sinu弯曲+ous弯曲的

sip [] vt. 啜饮(to drink in small quantities)
(类)sip·drink=mince·walk 啜饮·喝酒=碎步走·行走(动作小与正常)
swillquaff·sip=gobble·nibble=stride·mince
痛饮·啜饮=狼吞虎咽·一点一点地咬=迈大步走·碎步走(动作小与大)
ruthless·mercy = insipid·flavor 无情·仁慈=没有味道的·滋味
(反)swill ◆ sip 痛饮 ◆ 啜饮
(记)参考:insipid 乏味的;sipid 味道好的

siren [] n. 塞壬;海妖之一,用歌声诱惑海员,使船只在岛屿周围触礁沉没
(类)siren·unresist=juggernaut·unstop
海妖·无法抗拒的=压倒性力量·无法阻止的(正面特征)
siren·sound=beacon·light 汽笛发出声音=灯塔发出光亮
siren·heard=light·seen 警报·被听见=光·被看见(事物及其感知方式)
(例)a slinky siren of the silent screen era

skeleton [] n. 骨架,骨骼,提纲(a usually rigid supportive or protective structure or
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framework of an organism)
(类)skeleton·animal= framing·building 骨架·动物=框架·房屋

skeptic [] n. 怀疑者,怀疑论者,无神论者(a doubting or incredulous person)
(类)penitent·obdurate=skeptic·credulous 悔过的·顽固的=怀疑的·轻信的(反义)
(反)votary ◆ skeptic 信徒 ◆ 怀疑者
credence ◆ skeptic 信任 ◆ 怀疑
skepticism ◆ conviction 怀疑论 ◆ 确信
(例)people of long experience are often skeptics

skimp [] v. 节省花费,吝啬(provide scantily;live very economically)
(类)parsimonious·skimp=malingering·shirk 吝啬的·吝啬=装病逃避·逃避(形动同义)
(同)scrimp, scrape, screw, spare, stint

skirmish [] n. 小冲突(a minor fight in war usually incidental to larger movements)
(类)skirmish·insignificance= duel·formality 小冲突·微不足道=决斗·正式的

skirt [] vt. 回避,绕„走(to avoid especially because of difficulty or fear of controversy)
(反)skirt ◆ seekface 回避 ◆ 寻求面对
skirt ◆ pass the center directly 绕走 ◆ 穿过中央

skit [] n. 滑稽短剧(a satirical or humorous story or sketch)
(类)skit·play=anecdote·narrative 滑稽短剧·戏剧=小故事·记叙文(名词短与正常)
vignette·scene=skit·drama 小场景·场景=滑稽短剧·戏剧(名词短与正常)

slack [] adj. 松弛的,缓慢的(not tight or taut)
(类)slacken·tension= blunt·sharpness 松弛·紧张=钝的·锐利
(反)slack ◆ taut 松弛的 ◆ 拉紧的

slab [] n. 厚片(a broad, flat, thick piece)
(反)slab ◆ sliver 厚片 ◆ 细片

slake [] vt. 消除,平息(quench),使满足,解渴(satisfy as thirst)
(类)gratify·desire=slake·thirst= satiate·hunger
使满足·欲望=解渴·口渴=饱足·饥饿(行为及其消除对象)
(例)He will slake your curiosity
(记)s+lake一湖水解渴

slant [] n. v.(使)倾斜,倾向,偏见(to interpret or present in line with a special interest:angle)
(反)slant ◆ assert without bias 偏见 ◆ 没有偏见的断言
(例)stories slanted toward youth
accused the media of slanting the news against the president

slate [] n. 石板,候选人(提名)名单(a tablet used for writing on)
(类)roster·personnel=slate·candidate 花名册记录职员=候选人名单记录候选人
(记)slat板条+e石板古希腊选举在石板上刻上候选人名单

slew [] v.(使)旋转n. 大量,许多(a large number)
(反) slew ◆ paucity limited quantity 大量 ◆ 缺乏 限量
(例)a slew of books

slight [] adj. 纤细的, 轻微的(TRIVIAL), 少量的(SCANTY)
(反)grievous ◆ slight 严重的 ◆ 轻微的(lacking in strength or substance)
prodigious ◆ slight 巨大的 ◆ 微小的(small of its kind or in amount)
ponderous ◆ slight 笨重的 ◆ 纤细的(not stout or massive in body)
massive ◆ slight 大量的 ◆ 少量的(small of its kind or in amount)

slight [] n. vt. 轻蔑,怠慢,冷漠(to treat with disdain or indifference)
(类)celebration·lament=slight·show respect 庆祝·悲叹=轻蔑·表示敬意(反义)
(反)cosset ◆ slight 宠爱 ◆ 冷漠
slight ◆ show respect to 轻蔑 ◆ 表示敬意
(同)neglect, discount, disregard, forget, ignore, overlook

sling [] n. (支撑伤臂或伤手的)吊带,三角巾
(类)splint·immobilize=sling·su pport(干扰sieve·flow)夹板用来固定=吊带用来支撑
(例)He had to keep his broken arm in a sling. 他不得不把断胳膊固定在吊带上。

slink [  ] v. 溜走(to go or move stealthily or furtively)
(同)sneak, creep, gumshoe, lurk, pussyfoot, shirk, skulk, slide, ||snake, steal

slippery [] adj. 滑的(causing or tending to slide or fall;unstable),狡猾的(tricky)
(类)dingy·glisten=slippery·adhere 暗黑的不反光=滑溜的不粘附(反面特征)
splint·mobility=ballast·instability =purchase·slippery
夹板·可动性=压载物·不稳定=紧握·光滑(动作与消除对象)
duct·convey=splint·immobilize 管道·运输=夹板·使固定(物品及其功能)
slippery·elude=alluring·entice (容易关系)狡猾的·逃脱=迷人的·诱惑
(同)slick, lubricious, unstable; tricky
(派)slipper 拖鞋;slippage 滑动

slipshod [] adj. 粗心的,邋遢的(careless, slovenly)
(反)assiduous ◆ slipshod 勤勉的 ◆ 草率的
slipshod ◆ painstaking 漫不经心的 ◆ 艰苦的
(同)slovenly,careless,messy,raunchy,sloppy, unkempt, unneat, untidy

sloppy [] adj.邋遢的,不整洁的(slovenly, careless)
(反)natty ◆ sloppy 整洁的 ◆ 不整洁的
(同)slovenly, careless, messy, slipshod, unkempt, unneat, untidy
(记)slop溅出,弄脏+py邋遢的,不整洁的

sloth [] n. 怠惰,懒惰(disinclination to action or labor · indolence)
(类)rakish· restraint=slothful· assiduity 放荡的·抑制=偷懒的·刻苦(名形反义)
(反)sloth ◆ industry 懒惰 ◆ 勤奋
(同)idleness, indolence, slouch, sluggishness

slouch [] n. 懒惰无能的人 v. 懒散(to act with an excessively relaxed posture)
(反)slouch ◆ stand erect 没精打采地站着 ◆ 笔直地站着

slovenly [] adj. 懒散的, 不修边幅的(untidy; careless in work habits; slipshod)
(类) indulged·adherent=slovenly·dapper 放纵的·关联的=邋遢的·衣冠楚楚的(反义)
【注:adherent:ted or associated with especially by contract 靠契约
联系在一起
的n. a follower of a leader, party, or profession 信徒,追随者】
(反)slovenly ◆ tidy natty dapper 邋遢的 ◆ 整洁的
(同)slovenly, careless, disheveled, slipshod, sloppy, unkempt, untidy

sluggard [] n. 懒鬼, 游手好闲的人(an habitually lazy person)
(类)rapscallion·mischievous=sluggard·lazy 流氓·为害的=懒鬼·懒惰 (正特)
(例)a sluggard who wanted to sleep all day
(记)slug一种行动缓慢的虫儿+gard懒鬼

sluggish [] adj. 行动迟缓的,缓慢的,迟钝的(indolent,torpid;slow to respond;markedly
slow in movement, flow, or growth)
(反)alacrity ◆ sluggish 敏捷 ◆ 迟缓的
(同)lethargic,slumberous,stupid,torpid;slow

slumber [] n. v. 睡眠,沉睡状态(sleep;a light sleep)
(反)slumber ◆ awake 睡眠 ◆ 醒

slur [] vt. 使模糊, 含糊的发音(obscure;to pronounce indistinctly)
(类)slur·speech= smudge·writing 模糊·说话=弄脏·字迹
(反)slur ◆ pronounce clearly 含糊的发音 ◆ 清晰的发音
(记)比较:blur弄脏,变模糊

sly [] adj. 狡猾的,诡密的,不坦率(lacking in straightforwardness and candor·dissembling)
(反)sly ◆ artless ingenuous 不坦率 ◆ 朴实的 诚实的
(同)artful, astute, crafty, cunning, foxy, guileful, subtle, tricky

smarmy [] adj. 虚情假意的(revealing by a smug, ingratiating, or false earnestness)
(反)smarmy ◆ earnest 虚情假意的 ◆ 真挚的
(记)smarm(= to smear 涂抹,掩饰)

smart [] vi. 刺痛,快速反应(to cause or be the cause or seat of a sharp poignant pain)
(类)smart·pain=grieve·sorrow 刺痛·痛苦=伤心·悲伤(动名同义)
(反)smart ◆ soothe 刺痛 ◆ 抚慰
(例)gave him a slap that was hard enough to smart

smart 2 [] adj. 整洁的(neat,trim)聪明的,潇洒的(stylish or elegant in dress or appearance)
(反)tatty ◆ smart 衣衫褴褛的 ◆ 整洁的

smattering [] n. 一知半解,浅薄的知识(superficial piecemeal knowledge)
(反) erudite ◆ smattering of knowledge 博学的 ◆ 一知半解

smirk [] v.假笑,得意地笑(to smile in an affected or smug manner · simper)
(类)smirk·smugness=sneer·derision 得意地笑·自满=冷笑·嘲笑(动作与表达的心理)
(同)simper,smirkle
(例)smirking children imitating their teacher

smother [] vt. 窒息,压抑(to suffocate (another))
(类)smother·choke 窒息·窒息(同义)

smug [] adj. 自满的,沾沾自喜的(highly self- satisfied)
(类)smirk·smugness=sneer·derision 得意地笑·自满=冷笑·嘲笑(动作与表达的心理)
primp·vain=gloat·smug 打扮·虚荣的=心满意足·自满的(动作与表达的心理)
(同)complacent, self- complacent, self-contented, self-pleased, self- satisfied

smuggle [] v. 走私,私运(to import or export secretly and in violation of the law)
(类)collude·cooperate=smuggle·convey 勾结·合作=走私·运输(动作秘密与正常)
smuggler·import= embezzler·appropriate 走私者·运输=盗用公款者·挪用
smuggler·tariff=stowaway·fare 走私犯·关税=偷渡者·费用
(反)smuggle ◆ transport openly 走私 ◆ 公开运输

snare [] v. 诱捕(to trap with or as if with a snare)n. 陷井
(反)snare ◆ boo 诱捕 ◆ 用嘘声轰赶

snarl [] vi. n. 缠结,咆哮
(类)exoneration·blame=disentangle·snarl 免除责任·责备=松开·纠缠(反义)
(反)disentangle ◆ snarl 解开纠结 ◆ 纠缠
snarler ◆ coo 狂吠 ◆ 咕咕声 snarler n. 咆哮的人, 狂吠的动物
(记)snarled纠缠不清的; gnarl节疤

sneer [] n. 冷笑,嘲笑 vt. 轻蔑(to laugh with facial contortions that express scorn or contempt)
(类)smirk·smugness=sneer·derision 得意地笑·自满=轻蔑·嘲笑(动作表达心理)
wince·pain=pout·displeasure 畏缩·痛苦=撅嘴·不愉快( 动作与反映的心
理)
(同)leer,scoff, flout, gibe, gird, jest, quip(at), scout(at)

snobbish [] adj. 势利的(snobby)
(类)attentive·officious=refined·snobbish 留意的·多管闲事的=优雅的·过于讲究的 (程
度)
(例)a snobbish group of jet-set sophisticates
(记)snob势利的人

snub [] v. 冷落,不理睬 ,轻蔑(to treat with contempt or neglect)
(类)dissemble·honesty=snub·politeness 掩饰·诚实=冷落·礼貌(动名反义)
snub·disdain=double- cross·disloyalty 冷落·蔑视=欺骗出卖·不忠实(动名
同义)
(反)court ◆ snub 向„献殷勤 ◆ 冷落

soak [] v. 浸泡,渗透(to permeate so as to wet, soften, or fill thoroughly)
(类)soaking·wetdamp=exuberant·happy=frigid·cool
湿透的·潮湿的=非常高兴的·高兴的=严寒的·凉爽的(程度)
castigation·reproof=soaking·damp 强烈责背·谴责=湿透的·潮湿的(程度)
(同)drench, saturate, sodden, sop, souse, steep, wet, deluge
(例)soak a sponge with water 用水浸透海绵
Rain soaked her to the skin 雨把她给淋透了。

sober [] adj. 节制的,严肃的,朴素的(abstemious; unhurried, calm; serious)
(反)sober ◆ frivolouspuckish 严肃的 ◆ 轻佻的淘气的
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sumptuousness ◆ sobriety 奢华的 ◆ 朴素的
flippancy ◆ sobriety 轻率 ◆ 严肃
(派)sobriety节制,清醒

sodden [] adj. 浑身湿透的,浸过酒的(heavy with or as if with moisture or water)
(类)marsh·sodden=desert·arid 沼泽·湿透的=沙漠·干燥的(正面特征)
moist·sodden=surprised·astonished 潮湿的·湿透的=吃惊的·震惊的(程度)
(反)sodden ◆ desiccated 湿透的 ◆ 干燥的
(同)wet, drenched, saturated, soaked

solace [] n. v. 安慰. 慰藉(alleviation of grief or anxiety)
(类)solace·grief=pacification·anger 安慰·忧愁=平息·忿怒(行为及其消除对象)
(记)比较:solace不及物:表达慰问之情;console 及物:安慰,慰问某人

solder [] v. 焊接,焊合(to unite or make whole by solder)
(反)breach ◆ solder 弄出裂口 ◆ 焊合
(例)A friendship soldered by common interests.

solemnity [] n. 严肃, 一本正经(seriousness;gravity)
(反)jest ◆ solemnity 玩笑 ◆ 严肃
(例)the solemnity of his words

solicit [  ] v. 请求,恳求,乞求
solicitous [] adj. 热切的,挂念的(worried,concerned)
(反)solicitous ◆ unconcerned 挂念的 ◆ 不关心的
solicitude ◆ indifference 关怀 ◆ 冷漠
(同)eager, anxious, ardent, avid, impatient, keen
(记)solicit恳求+ous挂念的

solidify [] v.(使)凝固, (使)坚固
(反)pulverize ◆ solidify 粉碎 ◆ 巩固
(同)harden , concrete, congeal
(派)solidarity团结,一致; solidity坚固

soliloquy [] n. 独白(talking to oneself ;a dramatic monologue)
(类)soliloquy·play= aria·opera 独白·戏剧=咏叹调·歌剧(种属)

solitude [] n. 孤独, 偏僻处,隐居处(state of being alone or remote from society)
(类)recluse·solitude=toady·favor 隐遁者·孤单=献媚者·好感 (正面特征)
(同)solitude, isolation, seclusion
(记)soli 唯一 参考:solitary孤独的,隐士;soliloquy独白;solo独唱

solvent [] adj. 有偿付能力的(able to pay all legal debts)有溶解力的n. 溶剂
(类)solvent·dissolve=coagulant·clotthicken 溶剂·溶解=凝结剂·凝结变浓(物品作用)
caustic·burn=solvent·dissolve 腐蚀性的·灼烧=可溶解的·溶解 (正面特征)
regimen·health=budget·solvency 养生法保证健康=预算保证偿付能力
(反)solvent ◆ precipitant 溶解的 ◆ 沉淀的
bankruptcy ◆ solvency 破产 ◆ 偿付能力
insolvency ◆ ability to pay one’s debts 无偿付能力 ◆ 有偿付能力
(记)solve 溶化,解决 参考:solvency 溶解力, 还债能力

somatic [] adj. 肉体的(relating to the the body; physical)
(反)somatic ◆ nonphysical 肉体的 ◆ 非身体的
(同)bodily, carnal, corporal, corporeal, physical

somber [] adj. 昏暗的,阴森的,忧郁的(gloomy; dismal or depressing)
(反)cherubic ◆ somber 天真可爱的 ◆ 阴沉忧郁的
droll ◆ somber 好笑的 ◆ 忧郁的
adulation ◆ somber affection 热烈的赞扬 ◆ 低沉的感情

somnolence [] n. 想睡,瞌睡,嗜睡
(类)ennui·enthusiastic=somnolence·alert 倦怠·热心的=困倦的状态·警惕的 (名形反
义)
insomnia·sleep=dyslexia·read 失眠·睡觉=诵读困难·阅读(难以)
(记)somn睡+olent多多睡的;参考:insomnia失眠

sonata [] n. 奏鸣曲
(类)dessert·meal=epilogue·play=coda·sonata
餐后甜点·一餐=尾声·表演=终结句·奏鸣曲(前者是后者结束部分)
(记)son声音+ata表示音乐的后缀奏鸣曲 参考:cantata清唱剧

sonnet [] n. 十四行诗
(类)sonnet·poet=symphony·composer 十四行诗·诗人=交响乐·作曲家(作者与作品)
sonnet·verse monger=painting·daubster 十四行诗·拙劣诗人=油画·笨画匠
sonnet·poem=denim·fabric 十四行诗·诗=粗斜纹棉布·织品(种属)
biography·nonfiction = sonnet·poem 自传·非虚构=十四行诗·诗(种属)
(干扰:aria·opera 咏叹调是歌剧中的一种演唱方式,并不是歌剧的一种。)

soothe [] vt. 缓和,使安静;安慰(to ease or relieve (pain, for example))
(反)vex ◆ soothe 使烦恼 ◆ 安慰
smart ◆ soothe 刺痛 ◆ 抚慰
(同)calm, allay, balm, compose, lull, tranquilize
(记)斜音“酥” ~~~让僵硬的变酥安慰,缓和

sop [] n. 有安慰作用的东西(a conciliatory bribe)v.浸湿,湿透(to wet thoroughly:soak)
(类)sop·conciliatory=subsidy·supportive
有安慰作用的东西·安抚的=津贴·有支持作用的(正面特征)
sopping·dampen=frigid·cool 浑身湿透的·使潮湿=寒冷的·使冷 (程度)

sophism [] n.诡辩 (看似有道理实际上无效)
(类)sophism·reasoning=counterfeit·money 诡辩·推理=赝品假钱·钱(假与正常)
(同)fallacy,deception,delusion, sophistry,speciousness, spuriousness
(记)soph智慧;参考:sophistry诡辩; sophisticated老于事故的,精密的

sophistication [] n. 诡辩;久经世故,精明
(类)ingenue·sophistication=cynic·trustfulness
天真无邪的少女·世故=愤世嫉俗者·信赖(人物与反面属性)
(反)politic ◆ unsophisticated 圆滑的 ◆ 不世故的
bucolic ◆ sophisticated 质朴的 ◆ 精明的

soporific [] adj. 催眠的,懒惰的,昏昏沉沉的 n. 安眠药
(类)soporific·sleep=vaccinating·immunity 安眠药·睡眠=预防接种·免疫性(前者导致
后者)
soporific·alertment=analgesic·pain 催眠的·警醒=止痛药·疼痛(药物及其消
除对象)
(反)soporific ◆ stimulant 安眠药 ◆ 兴奋剂
soporific ◆ exhilarating 催眠的 ◆ 令人兴奋的
vitality ◆ soporific 活力 ◆ 安眠药
soporific ◆ exhilaratinginvigorating provocative
昏昏欲睡的 ◆ 令人兴奋的精神充沛的刺激的
(记)sopor 昏睡 参考:soporous酣睡的

sordid [] adj. 肮脏的,不干净的,卑鄙的(base,vile; dirty, filthy)
(反)sordid ◆ wholesome 肮脏的 ◆ 卫生的
sordid ◆ noble 卑鄙的 ◆ 高尚的

sought [  ] v. 寻找,探索,寻求(seek的过去分词)
sound [] adj. 健康的,强壮的,有效的,合理的
(类)ramshackle·soundness=garbled·clarity 摇摇欲坠的·坚固=混淆·清楚(形动反义)
(反)decrepit ◆ sound 衰老的 ◆ 强壮的
tenable ◆ unsound (主张)站的住脚的 ◆ 不合理的
(同)healthy,whole,stable,valid

sparse [] adj. 稀疏的,薄的(not thickly grown or settled)
(反)sparse ◆ copious rife 稀疏的 ◆ 丰富的非常多的
(同)meager,poor, scant, scanty

spartan [] adj. 简朴的,刻苦的(lacking luxury and comfort;sternly disciplined)
(类)imperial·significant=spartan·austere 至尊的·重要的=简朴的·简朴的(程度)
(反)spartan ◆ sybariticindu lgentluxuriantluxurioussumptuousvoluptuous
简朴的 ◆ 奢侈逸乐的放纵的奢华的奢华的奢华的奢侈逸乐的
spartan ◆ opulent 简朴的、节约的 ◆ 丰富的,富裕的
(记)sparta(斯巴达),希腊城邦,以简朴刻苦的态度处世

spat [] n. 小争吵(a brief petty quarrel or angry outburst)
(类)cabal·association=spat·quarrel 阴谋小集团·协会=小争吵·吵架(小与正常)

spate [] n. 泛滥,洪水;大量(sudden flood; a large number or amount)
(反)spate ◆ dearth 大量 ◆ 缺乏
spate ◆ trickling flow 洪水 ◆ 滴流
(同)flood, deluge,torrent
(记)s+pa+te(谐音:水沛的)→水很丰沛→洪水,泛滥

specific [] n. 特效药 adj. 特有的,独特的(special, distinctive, or unique)
(反)generic ◆ specific 一般的,普遍的 ◆ 特有的,独特的
(记)参考:specify指定,详细说明

specious [] adj.似是而非的(having a false look of truth or genuineness)
(类)specious·genuineness=illusory·reality 似是而非·真实=幻觉的·现实(前者缺乏后
者)
(反)specious ◆ valid 似是而非的 ◆ 真实有效的
(同)false, erroneous, inaccurate, incorrect, unsound, sophistic

speck [] n. 小点,斑点,少量(a very small amount:bit)
(类)mite·creature=speck·amount 螨虫·动物=少量·数量(小或少与正常)
(记)peck 啄食,吃一点点参考:peccadillo小过失

spectacular adj. 蔚为壮观的,引人注目的,惊人的,突出的
spectator [] n. 观众,目击者,旁观者(one who looks on or watches)
(类)epicure·discriminating=spectator· watching美食家·有识别力的=观众·观看的(正特)
(记)spect(看)+ator→看客→旁观者

speleology [ ] n. 洞穴学
spelunker [] n. 业余性质的洞窟探勘者
(类)cavern·spelunker=ocean·diver 洞穴· 探洞者=海洋·潜水者(后探索前)
cavern·spelunker=star·astronomer 洞穴· 探洞者=星·天文学家(后研究前)

spectrum [] n. 光,光谱(a continuum of color a prism)
(类)color·spectrum=tone·scale 颜色·光谱=音调·音阶(事物及其组合体)
(记)spect(看)+um→看到的颜色→光谱

speculate [] vi. 深思,推测(to meditate on or ponder a subject:reflect)
(反)conjecture ◆ restrain from the speculation 猜测 ◆ 不采取猜测

spendthrift [] n. 挥霍者(a person who spends improvidently or wastefully)
(类)craven·hero=parsimonious·spendthrift 懦夫·英雄=吝啬的·挥霍无度的(反义)
miser·parsimonious=spendthrift·prodigal 吝啬鬼·吝啬的=浪费的人·挥霍的(正
特)
(反)spendthrift ◆ miser 浪费的人 ◆ 吝啬鬼
(同)prodigal, profligate, squanderer, unthrift, wastrel
(记)spend花费+thrift节约把节约的钱都花掉挥霍者

spent [] adj. 精疲力竭的,失去效用的(drained of energy or effectiveness:exhausted)
(类)precarious·stability=spent·efficacy 不稳定的·稳定性=失去效用的·功效 (缺乏)
(例)a spent arrow 强弩之末

spindly [] adj.细长的,纤弱的(frail or flimsy in appearance or structure)
(类)limber·flexibility=spindly·frailty 柔软的·弹性=纤弱的·脆弱
(记)参考:spindle 仿锤,形状细长

spiny [] adj. 多刺的,棘手的(abounding with difficulties or annoyances:thorny)
(反)spiny ◆ smooth 多刺的 ◆ 光滑的
(记)来自spine脊骨,隆起,刺 参考:spineless无脊椎的,没有骨气的

spire [] n. 教堂的尖塔,尖顶(the upper tapering part of something; pinnacle)
(类)spire·church=minaret·mosque 尖顶·教堂=尖塔·清真寺(前者是后者顶部的建筑)

spleen [] n.脾,脾气,怒气,怨恨(feelings of anger or ill will often suppressed)
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(反)spleen ◆ good will 怨恨 ◆ 善意
(同)malice, despite,grudge, maliciousness

splice [  ] v.粘接;捻(绳子)(to join (ropes, for example) by interweaving strands)
(类)splice·rope=weld·m etal=weave·fabric捻接绳子=焊接金属=编织布匹
list 32 splint ---------submerge
splint [] n.(固定断骨的)夹板,托板(material or a device used to protect and immobilize
a body part),薄木片(a thin piece split or broken off lengthwise;sliver)
(类)splint·mobility=ballast·instability=purchas e·slippery=lubricant·friction
夹板·灵活性=压舱物·不稳定=紧握·光滑(前者消除后者)
splint·immobilize=duct·convey 夹板·使不能移动=输送管·输送(事物及其功
用)
buttress·edifice=splint·limb 扶壁·大厦=夹板·四肢(事物及其作用对象)
crumb·bread=splint·wood 面包屑·面包=木片·木头(事物及其特殊状态)

spoke [] n.(车轮上)幅条,阻碍物
(类)spoke·hub=radius·center 幅条·毂,中心=半径·中心(前者从后者辐射出去)

spontaneous [] adj. 自发的,本能的(acting without apparent thought or eliberation)
(类)juggernau t·unstoppable=extemporization·spontaneous
摧毁一切的强大力量·无法阻止的=即席演说·自发的(正面特征)
【注:boast·dishonest 自夸·不诚实的 自夸是一种态度,诚实是一种品质,两者无必然因果联系】
(反)spontaneous ◆ premeditated 一时冲动的 ◆ 预先考虑的
(同)automatic, impulsive, instinctive, unmeditated, unpremeditated
(例)spontaneous burst of applause

spoof [] n. 轻松幽默的模仿(a light humorous parody)
(类)ode·poetry=spoof·parody 颂诗·诗=轻松幽默的模仿·滑稽模仿(种属)
【注:parody :a feeble or ridiculous imitation 拙劣或滑稽的模仿】
nicety·distinction=spoof·parody 细微差别:差别=轻松幽默的模仿:滑稽模仿(种属)
(记)比较:spoon匙;spool卷轴

sporadic [] adj. 偶尔发生的,零星发生的(occurring occasionally)
(反)chronic ◆ sporadic 习惯性的 ◆ 零星发生的
sporadic ◆ regular 偶发性的 ◆ 有规则的
sporadic ◆ frequent 零星的 ◆ 频繁的
(同)infrequent, few, occasional
(记)spor(=sper分散)→分散的→零星发生的 参考:disperse分散

sprain [] n. 扭伤,扭筋(to injure by a sudden or severe twist ;wrench)
(类)sprain·injure=cold·contagion 扭伤·伤害=感冒·传染病(种属)
(记)由rain联想:雨天路滑,容易扭伤。

sprawling adj. 植物蔓生的;(城市)无计划地扩展延伸的
sprightly [] adj.愉快的,活泼的(marked by a gay lightness and vivacity)
(类)dodder·unsteady=cavort·sprightly 蹒跚·不稳的=腾跃·活泼地(动作特征)
(反)hangdog ◆ sprightly 沮丧的 ◆ 愉快的
(同)lively,spirited alert, animate, keen, vivacious
(记)spring+brightly明快的春天愉快的,活泼的

spur [] vt. 刺激,激励,用马刺刺
(反)deter ◆ spur 制止 ◆ 激励
(同)urge, exhort, goad, prod, prompt, propel

spurious [] adj. 假的,伪造的(false;forged)
(反)spurious ◆ genuine 假的 ◆ 真实的
(同)apocryphal, unauthentic, ungenuine
(例)they had bought a spurious painting.他们买了一幅假画。
(记)容易混淆puerile青春期的,幼稚的

spurn [] v. 拒绝,摈弃(to reject with disdain or contempt:scorn)
(反)spurn ◆ welcome willingly 摈弃 ◆ 欣然欢迎
spurn ◆ courtcraveembrace 摈弃 ◆ 追求, 渴望, 拥抱
spurned ◆ beloved 摈弃的 ◆ 心爱的
(同)decline, disapprove, refuse, reject, reprobate, repudiate

squabble [] n. 争论,口角,小争吵(spat,tiff;a minor quarrel)
(类)squabble·disputequarrel =foible·failing 小争吵·争论=小缺点·缺点 (小和正常)
tiff·squabble=foible·failing 小争吵·争吵=小缺点·缺点 (小和正常)
【注:foible:a minor flaw or shortcoming in character or behavior|| tiff:a petty quarrel
squabble除了表示小争吵外还可表示正常的争吵a noisy altercation】

squalid [] adj. 污秽的,肮脏的(marked by filthiness from neglect or poverty)
(反)squalid ◆ pristine 污秽的 ◆ 纯净的,未遭毁坏的
squalid ◆ salubrious 肮脏的 ◆ 有益健康的
squalid ◆ immaculate 肮脏的 ◆ 纯净的
splendor ◆ squalor 壮丽 ◆ 肮脏
(同)dirty, black, foul, impure, nasty, soily

squall [] n.小骚乱 狂风,暴风雪,哇哇叫声(a short-lived commotion)
(类)squall·commotion=flash·illumination 短时骚乱·骚动=闪现,一瞬间·照明(短与
正常)

squander [] vt. 浪费,使分散(to spend extravagantly or foolishly:dissipate)
(类)proctor·supervise=prodigal·squander 学监·监督=浪费者·浪费(正面特征)
【注:proctor :supervisor, monitor; specifically· one appointed to supervise students
(as at an examination) 监督者,尤其是被任命监督学生的人,如考试中的监考者。】
(反)squander ◆ conservehusband 浪费 ◆ 保存节俭
(记)s+quan(谐音“款”=钱)→撕钱→浪费

square [  ] v. 一致,符合,结清(to bring into balance;settle)
(例)square a debt. 付清债务

squat [] adj. 敦实的,矮壮结实的(marked by disproportionate shortness or thickness)
(反) squat ◆ tall and thin 矮状结实的 ◆ 又高又瘦的
(记)原义“蹲”谐音“敦”→敦实的

squint [] v. 斜视(to look or peer with eyes partly closed)
(类)squint·eye=pucker·mouth 斜视·眼=噘嘴·嘴巴 (人物器官及其特殊形态)
(记)squi(谐音“私窥”)→私下里窥视→斜着眼看
区别:quaint离奇有趣的;acquaintance熟人

squelch [] n. v. 压制,镇压(to completely suppress:quell)
(反)squelch ◆ foment kindle 压制 ◆ 煽动激发
(同)squash, quell
(记)squelch,squash,quell等词都有可能是拟声词。

stabilize [] v. 稳定(to make stable, steadfast, or firm)
(反)stability ◆ inconstancy 稳定性 ◆ 反复无常
stabilize ◆ fluctuate 稳定 ◆ 波动

stagnant [] adj. 不流动的,停滞的,不活泼的(not flowing in a current or stream)
(反)stagnant ◆ flowing 停滞的 ◆ 流动的
(同)static, immobile, stationary
(记)stagn=stand+ant不动的

staid [] adj. 稳重的,沉着的(marked by settled sedateness and often prim self-restraint)
(反)staid ◆ jaunty 沉重的 ◆ 轻快的
puckish ◆ staid 淘气的 ◆ 严肃的
(同)sober, grave

stalemate [] n. 和棋局面,僵局(a drawn contest:deadlock)
(类)clog·drainage=stalemate·negotiations 阻塞防碍排水=僵局阻碍谈判
(记)stale(陈腐的)

stalk [] v. 暗中追踪(to pursue quarry or prey stealthily)
(类)collude·cooperate=stalk·fo llow=infiltrate·enter
串通·合作=暗中追踪·跟随=秘密潜入·进入
grazing·foragers=stalking·hunter 放牧·放牧者= 暗中追踪·追踪捕猎者

stall [  ] v. 使停止,使延迟
stalwart [] adj.健壮的,坚定的(marked by outstanding strength and vigor)
(类)constant·stalwart=judiciousness·sage 坚决的·坚定的=明智的·贤明的 (同义)
(反)lank ◆ stalwart 瘦弱的 ◆ 健壮的
timorous ◆ stalwart 胆怯的 ◆ 意志坚定的
(同 )strong,stout,sturdy,tenacious,tough,steadfast

stamina [] n. 体力,耐力(staying power, endurance)
(反)stamina ◆ frailty 耐力 ◆ 脆弱
(记)stamina-斯塔姆(荷兰队后卫)以体力、耐力好著称
(同)strength,tolerance,endurance,toleration

stammer [] v.口吃,结巴(to make involuntary stops and repetitions in speaking·halt)
(类)falter·act=stammer·speak 踌躇·行动=口吃·说(行为及其特征方式)
stammer·halting=drone·monotonous
结巴的说·犹豫=单调地说·单调的(正面特征)

stanza [] n.(诗)节,段(a division of a poem consisting of a series of lines;strophe)
(类)ballad·stanza=novel·chapter 歌谣·诗节=小说·章节 (部分与整体关系)
stanza·line=volume·issue=concert·program 诗节·诗句=合订本·期=音乐会·节目
【注:volume · a series of issues of a periodical】
stanza·poempoetry=act· opera=movement·symphony=paragraph· prose
诗节·诗=幕·歌剧 =乐章·交响乐=段落·散文(部分与整体关系)
(记)stan(站住)+za=诗停住的地方=(诗)节,段

startle [] vt. 使大吃一惊 n. 吃惊(to frighten or surprise suddenly and usually not seriously)
(反)startle ◆ lull 使大吃一惊 ◆ 使平静(干扰:appease, reconcile平息,安抚)
【注】lull:soothe or calm 是从一种惊讶,恐惧的情绪中平静下来。而appease,reconcile带有安抚
的意味,多指使人从愤怒、悲痛、烦恼等情绪的安静下来。
(同)frighten,alarm,fright,scare

stasis [  ] n. 停滞,郁积
static [] adj. 静态的,呆板的,停滞的(a lack of movement, animation, or progression)
(类)static·move=pliable·inflexible 静态的·移动=顺从的·固执的
(反)motility ◆ stasis 运动性 ◆ 停滞
stasis ◆ period of change 稳定 ◆ 改变期间
(同)immobile,stagnant,stationary

stature [] n. 身高, 身材(natural height in an upright position)
(类)stature·tall=sound·loud 身材高大=声音宏亮(事物及其修饰)
(记)stat 站 + ure(状态) 联想:站着展示身高,身材
辨别:status 地位,身份 statute 法令,条例

steadfast [] adj. 坚定的,忠诚的(firm in belief, determination, or adherence:loyal)
(反)capricious ◆ steadfast 善变的 ◆ 坚定的
(记)stead + fast紧的,耐久的)
(同)faithful,constant,abiding,inflexible

stealth [] n. 秘密行动,鬼祟(the act or action of proceeding furtively, secretly, or imperceptibly)
(类)caprice·whimsical=stealth· furtive=discontent·unsatisfied
反复无常·反复无常的=秘密行动·偷偷摸摸的=不满·不满足的(名形同义)
(记)steal(偷)+th

steep [] vt. vi. 浸,泡(to cover with or plunge into a liquid)
(反)steep ◆ parch 浸湿 ◆ 烤干
(同)saturate, soak, immerse

steep 2 adj. 陡峭的,非常高难以接受的(extremely or excessively high)
(例)steep prices 难以接受的高价

stench [] n.臭气,恶臭v.(使)发恶臭(to emit a strong offensive odor:stink)
(类)stench·nose=din·ear 臭气·鼻子=喧闹·耳朵(感观及其感知的对象)

stencil [] n.(用以刻写文字、图案的)模版 v.用模版刻写
(类)stencil·lettering=pattern·sewing 模版·刻出的字母=纸样·缝纫物

stentorian [] adj.声音宏亮的(extremely loud)
(类)audible·stentorian=discernable·obvious manifest
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听得见的· 声音宏亮的=可辨别的·明显的(程度)
(反)stentorian ◆ faint 哄亮的 ◆ 微弱的
(同)earsplitting, raucous, strident,stentorious

stereotype n. 铅版(印刷) 陈规,老套,刻板模式
sterile [] adj. 不毛的(unproductive of vegetation)无菌的(free from living organisms and
especially microorganisms)
(类)impeccable·flaw=sterile·germ bacteria
没有缺点的·错误,缺点=无菌的·细菌(缺乏关系)
plain·austere=clean·sterile 朴素的·简朴的=洁净的·无菌的(同义)
(反)verdant ◆ sterile 青翠的 ◆ 不毛的
sterilize ◆ contaminate 杀菌 ◆ 污染
(同)barren,impotent, infecund, infertile
(类 )sterilization·microorganisms=deforestation·trees
杀菌·微生物=采伐森林·树木(前者去除后者)

stickler [] n.坚持细节之人,一丝不苟的人(one who insists on exactness or
completeness in the observance of something)
(类)stickler·exacting =pedagogue·indoctrinate一丝不苟者·苛求的=教师·灌输(正面特征)
stickler·exacting=defeatist·resigned一丝不苟者· 苛求的=悲观主义者·听天由命的
stickler·derelict=poseur·unaffected
一丝不苟的人·玩忽职守=装模做样的·不自然(反面特征)
(记)stickle(固执己见)+er ;stick(粘住引申为坚持)+ler

stiff [] adj. 僵硬的;呆板的(lacking in suppleness or responsiveness)
(类)numb·sensation=stiff·suppleness 麻木的·感觉=僵硬的·柔软性(缺乏关系)
(反)suppleness ◆ stiffnessrigidness 柔软 ◆ 坚硬
(同)immalleable, impliable, incompliant, rigid, obstinate

stifle [] vt. 抑制, 使窒息(to withhold from circulation or expression:repress; to kill by
depriving of oxygen :suffocate)
(反)stifle ◆ fomentfoster ◆ stifle 抑制 ◆ 煽动鼓励
(同)suppress,suffocate

stigma [] n. 耻辱,污名(a mark of shame or discredit:stain)
(反)stigma ◆ mark of esteem 耻辱 ◆ 尊敬的标志
(同)stain, blur, brand, slur, spot
(记)stigmatize vt. 污蔑、玷污

stilted [] adj. 夸张的,高傲的;不自然的(pompous, lofty ;formal, stiff)
(同)bombastic, genteel, affected, mincing, pretentious
(记)stilt(高跷) + ed

stint [] v. 吝惜,节省(to be sparing or frugal)
(反)lavish ◆ stint 浪费 ◆ 节省
(同)scrimp, pinch, skimp, spare
(记)区别:stink (n. 臭味,臭气)

stingy [] adj. 小气的,吝啬的(not generous or liberal)stingy
(类)miser·stingy= loner·solitary=sage·judicious
吝啬鬼·吝啬的=孤独地人·孤独的=贤人·明智的 (正面特征)
(反)generosity ◆ stinginess 慷慨 ◆ 小气
generously ◆ stingily 慷慨地 ◆ 吝啬地
(同)mingy, miserly,niggard,parsimonious,penurious

stipple [] v.点画,点描,点刻(to engrave by means of dots and flicks)
(类)stipple·dot=striate·band 点描·点=加条纹·条带(动作及其对象关系)
(记)stip(点)+ ple=用点刻画
(同)speckle, dot, freckle, speck

stipulate []v.(作为合约的条件)规定;按合同要求(to lay down as a condition of
an
agreement; require by contract)
(类)request·command=propose·stipulate 请求·命令=提议·规定(呈请与下达的关系)
(反)stipulation ◆ tacit requirement 约定 ◆ 默认的要求
(记)stip(点)+ulate→点名,讲定(条件)

stitch [] n. 一针,缝线(a single complete movement of a threaded needle in sewing)
(类)tile·mosaic=stitch·sampler 瓷砖·马赛克=针脚·刺绣样品(前者组成后者)

stock [] n. 库存,储备 adj. 存货的,常备的,普通的(commonly used or brought forward)
(类)census·population=inventory·stock 人口普查(调查)人口=存货清单(清点)库存
(反)stock ◆ unique 普通的 ◆ 独特的
(同)supply, inventory, store,reserve, hoard ;standard

stockade [] n. 栅栏,围栏(an enclosure or pen made with posts and stakes)
(类)stockade·enclosure=pillar·support 栅栏用来围绕=柱子用来支撑

stodgy [] adj. 平庸的,乏味的(boring, dull)非常守旧的(extremely old- fashioned)
(类)stodgy·conservative=mad·exited=m awkish·sentimental
非常守旧的·保守的=疯狂的·激动的=令人作呕的·感性的(程度)
(反)stodgy ◆ exciting 乏味的 ◆ 令人兴奋的
(同)dull, dreary, humdrum, monotonous, pedestrian ,hideboucd

stoke [] v. 添加燃料,司炉,激起(to poke or stir up (as a fire):supply with fuel)
(类)stoke·fuel=irrigate·water 添加燃料· 燃料= 灌溉·水 (利用)

stoic [] adj. 禁欲的,坚忍的,冷静的(not showing passion)n.坚忍克己的人
(类)stoic·perturb=avaricious·satisfy 冷静的·扰乱=贪婪的·满足 (不容易被)
(反)stoic ◆ flinch 坚忍 ◆ 畏缩
(记)来源中古英语 stoic[斯多葛派学者],主张坚忍克己
(同)apathetic,dull,impassive, phlegmatic, stolid

stolid [] adj. 无动于衷的,感情麻木的(expressing little or no sensibility:unemotional)
(反)stolid ◆ excitable 感情麻木的 ◆ 易兴奋的

stomach v.吃得下,容忍(to bear without overt reaction or resentment)
(反)stomach ◆ refuse to tolerate 容忍 ◆ 不能容忍
(同)abide, bear,brook, endure, swallow, tolerate

stonewall v. 拒绝(合作)(to refuse to comply or cooperate with)
(反)stonewall ◆ cooperate fully

stouthearted adj. 刚毅的,大胆的(having a stout heart or spirit:stubborn)
(反)pusillanimous ◆ stouthearted 胆小的 ◆ 大胆的
(记)stout(勇敢的,坚决的)+heart(心)+ed
(同)brave , bold, courageous, dauntless, intrepid,valiant

stowaway [  ] n. 无票偷乘者
(类)smuggler·tariff=towaway·fare 走私者逃关税=偷乘者逃交通费
(记)stow装载;偷乘者一般将自己当货物、行李一样装进交通工具,达到偷乘目的。

strata [  ] n. (单数为stratum)层次,社会阶层
(例)the privileged stratum特权阶层

stratagem [] n.谋略,策略(a cleverly contrived trick or scheme for gaining an end)
(类)stratagem·deceive=concession·placate 计谋·欺骗=让步·安抚 (手段目的)
(同)trick ,artifice, device, feint, ploy, wile

strait [] n. 海峡;(pl) 困境,窘迫
(类)isthmus·land=strait·water 地峡·陆地=海峡·海水(连接关系)

strand n. 绳、线之一股, 线, 绳;v. 搓成,拧成
(类)grooved·striation =braided·strand 有槽的·条纹=编织的·绳索(后者特征是前者)

stand 2 vi.搁浅 vt.使搁浅, 使落后, 使陷于困境 n. 海滨, 河岸
(派)stranded adj.束手无策的;进退两难的

stratify [] v. 使层化,使分成各种等级(to divide into classes, castes, or social strata)
(反)stratify ◆ homogenize 区分等级 ◆ 使等同
(记)stratum(层:地层,生物组织层,社会阶层)复数为strata

stray [] adj. 离群的,迷途的,偶然的 vi.离群,迷途,偏离(separated from the group or the
main body;to wander from company, restraint, or proper limits)
(类)digressive·(topicsubject)=stray·group
离题的·(话题主题)=离群的·团体(动作及其相关对象)
(同)deviate, digress, depart, divagate, diverge, wander

strength [] n. 力量,强度,浓度(degree of potency of effect or of concentration)
(类)slacken·tautness=dilute·strength 放松减轻紧张度=稀释减轻浓度
(同)power, potency, sinew

striate [] vt. 加条纹(to mark with striations or striae)
(类)stipple·dot=striate·band 点画·点=加条纹·条带 (动作及其对象关系)
striated·groove=dappled·spot 有条痕的·凹槽=有斑点的·斑点(形名同义)
(同)streak, stripe

stricture [] n. 严厉谴责,束缚(an adverse criticism·censure;restriction)
(反)eulogy ◆ stricture 颂词 ◆ 责难
(记)strict(严格的)+ure
(同)animadversion, aspersion, obloquy

stride [] v. 迈大步走,跨过(to move with or as if with long steps)
(类)quaff·sip=stride·mince 大口地喝·啜饮=迈大步走·碎步走(大和小)

strident [] adj. 刺耳的,高声喧哗的(sound harsh, insistent, and discordant)
(类)stridency·sound= acridity·odor=garishness·appearance
刺耳·声音=辛辣·气味=艳丽·外表(前者都对感官进行了刺激)
(同)harsh, grating, raucous, stridulous

strike [] v. 冲制(奖牌)(to form by stamping, printing, or punching)
(类)strike·medal=mint·coin 冲制·奖牌=铸造·硬币(动作及其加工对象)

striking adj. 惹人注目的,显著的,突出的
stringent [] adj. 绷紧的,严厉的,缺钱的(tight, constricted)
(反)stringent ◆ lax 绷紧的 ◆ 松弛的
(记)string(线,细绳)+ent→用绳子绷紧的
(同)rigid, draconian,ironhanded, rigorous, strict

strip [] v. 脱衣,剥夺(to remove clothing, covering, or surface matter from)
(反)bedeck ◆ strip 穿衣打扮 ◆ 脱衣
(记)区别:stripe n. 条纹,斑纹;类型
(同)denude, disrobe, unclothe, undress

strive [  ] v. 努力,奋斗,力争
strut [] vi. 趾高气扬地走(to walk with a pompous and affected air)n. 支柱,压杆(a structural
piece designed to resist pressure in the direction of its length)
(类)strut·walk=pontificate·speak
趾高气扬地走·走=傲慢自大地说·说 (行为及其特征方式)
strut·wing=buttress·wall= guy·pylon
支柱·机翼=扶壁·墙壁=支索· 铁塔(前者支持后者)

studio [] n. 工作室,画室,摄影室(the working place of a sculptor or photographer)
(类)studio·artist=lab oratory·scientist画室·艺术家=实验室·科学家(人及其活动场所)

stultify [] vt. 使无效,抑制(to have a dulling or inhibiting effect on)使显得愚笨
(反)stultify ◆ stirexcite 抑制 ◆ 激起刺激
stultifying ◆ excitingstirring 抑制的 ◆ 使人激动的激动人心的
(同)stagnate, stifle, trammel
(记)stult(=stupid愚蠢的)+ify→使愚蠢,使无效

stupor [] n. 迟钝,麻痹,无知觉(a condition of greatly dulled or completely suspended
sense or sensibility)
(类)stupor·alert=despair·hopeful 麻痹·警惕的=绝望·有希望的(反义)

stun [] vt. 使晕倒,使发愣(to make senseless or dizzy by:daze)
(派)stunning adj. 极富魅力的

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stunt [] v.阻碍(成长)(to hinder the normal growth, development, or progress of)
(类)obstruct·progress=stunt·growth 延缓进步=阻碍成长
(反)nurture ◆ stunt 抚育 ◆ 阻碍生长
(同)dwarf, suppress
unsubstantiated ◆ verified 未证实的 ◆ 证实的
(记)substantia[=substance物质]+l →物质的

substantiate [] vt. 证实(verify);使实体化(to give substance or form to:embody)
(反)substantiate ◆ controvertdisapprove 证实 ◆ 反驳(to pass unfavorable judgment
on)
unsubstantiated ◆ verified 未经证实的 ◆ 已证实的
inane ◆ substantiated 空洞的 ◆ 实体化的
substantiation ◆ disproof 证实 ◆ 反驳
(记)substantia(=substance物质)+ate →用事实证明
(同)embody,materialize, confirm, authenticate, corroborate,verify

substantive [] adj. 巨额的,大量的;本质的,主要的
(反)substantive ◆ trivial 主要的 ◆ 琐细不重要的

subterfuge [] n. 托辞,狡计(a deceptive device or stratagem)
(类)subterfuge·deceive=decanter·pour 狡计·欺骗=倒酒容器·倾倒(名词及其用途)
candor·subterfuge=brash·deliberate 直率·托词=仓促·深思熟虑 (反义)
(记)subter(在下面)+ fuge(逃跑)→逃离真实→托辞,狡计;参考:refuge避难
(同)deception, chicane, chicanery, fraud, trickery

subtlety n. 微妙;微妙的想法
(类)melodrama·subtlety=chimera·authenticity 情节剧不微妙=梦幻不真实
【注】情节剧指以动作、情节取胜的类型剧,不够艺术,所以缺乏微妙和值得回味之处。

subvert [] vt. 颠覆,推翻(to overturn or overthrow from the foundation·ruin)
(类)sabotage·subvertness=bull·intimidation 阴谋破坏·颠覆=暴力强迫·胁迫 (目的关
系)
(反)subvert ◆ reinforce 推翻 ◆ 加强
(同)sabotage, undermine, wreck
(记)sub(在下) + vert(转)→转到下面→推翻

succeed v. 接着发生,接续 继承,继任
(例)She succeeded to the throne. 她继承了王位

successively adv. 连续地,相继地,依次地
succinct [] adj. 简明的,简洁的(compact precise expression without wasted words)
(类)loquacious·succinct=adroit·ungainly 罗嗦的·简洁的=敏捷的·笨拙的(反义)
(反)succinctness ◆ prolixity verbosity 简洁 ◆ 冗长,罗嗦
succinct ◆ prolix verbosevoluble 简洁的 ◆ 冗长的罗嗦的多话的
circumlocution ◆ succinct expression 累赘的话 ◆ 简练的表达
(记)suc(=sub 从属)+cinct (束紧)→将衣服束紧(与长袍相对)→简洁的
(同)concise, brief, compendious, curt, laconic

succor [] vt. n. 救援,援助(to go to the aid of:relieve)
(类)succor·relief=caution·warning 救援·救济=警告·警告(同义)
(反)succor ◆ aggravate 援助 ◆ 使恶化(make worse, more serious, or more severe)
succor ◆ deny aid 援助 ◆ 拒绝帮助
(同)help, aid, assist, assistance, relief
(记)suc(=sub 前缀)+ cor(=cur 跑)→跑过来援助 参考:current 流通的,最近的

succumb [  ] vi. 屈从,屈服,死
(例)succumb to temptation 受惑

suffocate [] v. 使窒息(to stop the respiration of)
(类)suffocate·oxygen=starve·nutrients 使窒息·氧=使饿死·营养(缺乏关系)
(同)asphyxiate, choke, smother, stifle
(记)suf(=sub 低,附属)+ foc(= throat 咽喉)→使咽喉受困→窒息
参考:focus 焦点 来源:咽喉是我们生命的焦点部位→焦点

suffrage [  ] n. 投票,选举权
suffuse [] v.(色彩等)弥漫,染遍, 充满(to spread over in the manner of fluid or light)
(类)tint·suffuse=damp·quench 染色· 染遍=打湿·浸透(程度)
(同)flush,fill,infuse,imbue,ingrain,steep

sulk [] v. 生气,愠怒(to be sullen or morose in mood usually because of a grievance)
(反)sulk ◆ rejoice 生气 ◆ 高兴
(同)grump, pet, pout, sull
(例)she felt sulked all day when he didn't call. 当他不打电话的时候她整天都感到郁闷。

sullen [] adj.阴郁的,愠怒的(showing a brooding ill humor or silent resentment)
(反)easy, gay, high- spirited, insouciant, lighthearted, smiling
(同)morose , sulky

sully [ ] v. 弄脏,玷污,使丢脸
summary [] n. 摘要(an abstract) adj.即刻的,仓促的(done without delay or formality)
(类)compendium·summary=anthology·collection 纲要·摘要=文选·文集(同义)
aside·digression=summary·excerpt 离题·离题=摘要·摘录(同义)
【注:aside:a straying from the theme:digression】
(反)summarily ◆ after long deliberation 草率地 ◆ 深思熟虑地
summary ◆ protracted 即刻的 ◆ 拖延的
(同)concise, compendious, curt, laconic, succinct
(记)sum 总数,汇总

summit [] n. 顶点,最高阶层(top, apex; especially :the highest point:peak)
(类)crest·wave=summitpeak·mountain 波峰·波浪=山顶·山(顶部与整体的关系)
cache·hidden=summit·inaccessible 隐藏处是隐藏的=顶点是难到达的
(反)nadir ◆ summit 最低点 ◆ 顶点
(同)top, apex, crest, peak, roof

summon [] vt. 召集;传唤出庭(to command by service of a summons to appear in
court)
(类)command·request=summon·invite 命令·请求=召集·邀请(程度)
(反)summon ◆ dismiss 召集 ◆ 解散
(同)convoke, assemble, convene

sumptuous [] adj. 豪华的,奢侈的(extremely costly, rich, luxurious, or magnificent)
(反)sumptuous ◆ sobriety 奢侈的 ◆ 节制的(the quality or state of being sober
清醒

sumptuous ◆ asceticfrugalspartan 奢侈的 ◆ 苦行的节俭的简朴的

sturdy [] adj. 强健的,健全的(marked by or reflecting physical strength or vigor)
(反)decrepit ◆ sturdy 衰老的 ◆ 强健的
(同)strong,stalwart,stout,tenacious,tough

stygian [] adj. 漆黑的,幽暗的,地狱的(extremely dark, gloomy, or forbidding)
(类)stygian·dark=abysmal·low 漆黑的·黑=极深的·低的(程度)
(同)hellish,infernal,gloomy

stylus [] n. 铁笔(an instrument for writing, marking, or incising)
(类)stylus·mark=lamp·illumination 铁笔·标记=灯·照明(工具及其用途)
stylus·engraving=shield·protecting 铁笔·雕刻=防护物,盾·保护(工具及其作用)

stymie [] v. 阻碍(to present an obstacle to·stand in the way of)
(反)stymie ◆ abet foster promote 阻碍 ◆ 协助 促进

subdue [] vt. 征服;压制;减轻(to conquer and bring into subjection:vanquish)
(类)impervious·damaged=indomitable·subdued
无法伤害的·被损坏的=无法征服的·被征服的(反义)
(反)subdue ◆ burgeoninflame 压制、抑制 ◆ 快速发展激起
subdued ◆ unruly 屈服的 ◆ 不服管教的
flamboyant ◆ subdued 艳丽的 ◆ 柔和的
indomitable ◆ easily subdued 不屈的 ◆ 容易屈服的
(同)conquer,crush,defeat,subjugate,vanquish

subject [] n. 臣民,受支配的人 vt. 使屈从于„使隶属
(反)potentate ◆ subject 统治者 ◆ 臣民

subjugate [] vt. 征服,镇压(to bring under control and governance as a subject)
(类)blur·definition=subjugate·independence 使模糊·清晰度=使屈服·独立(反义)
(反)subjugation ◆ liberation 征服 ◆ 解放
enfranchise ◆ subjugate 解放 ◆ 镇压
(同)conquer , crush, defeat, subdue, vanquish

sublime [] adj. 崇高的,庄严的(lofty, grand, or exalted in expression or manner)
(反)sublime ◆ basedespicable 崇高的 ◆ 卑鄙的可鄙的
sublime ◆ ridiculousfurtive 庄严的 ◆ 可笑的鬼鬼祟祟的
sublime ◆ worthless 崇高的 ◆ 无益的
(同)grand, exalted, lofty, superb

subliminal [] adj.下意识的,潜在意识的(below the threshold of conscious perception)
(反)subliminal ◆ at a perceptible level 下意识的 ◆ 直觉的,可觉察到的

submerge [] vt. 浸没,淹没 vi. 潜入水中(to cover or overflow with water)
(类)bend·rigid=su bmerge·buoyant=dissolve·insoluble
弯曲·刚硬的=淹没·上浮的=溶解·不溶的
(反)submerge·water=inter·earth 潜入水中=埋藏在泥土里
(记)sub(下面)+merge(吞没)=淹没
(同)deluge,douse,immerse,inundate,overwhelm

list 33 submissive -------- taut
submissive [] adj. 服从的,顺从的,恭顺的(submitting to others)
(类)insubor dinate·submissive=capricious·deliberate
不顺从的·顺从的=多变·深思熟虑的(反面特征)
(同)tame, domestic, domesticated, subdued

subordinate [] adj. 下级的,附属的(inferior)次要的(secondary)顺从的
(submissive to or controlled by authority) n. 下属
(反)principal ◆ subordinate 首要的 ◆ 次要的
(记)sub (在„之下) +ordin(=order次序)→顺序排在下面→下级的
(同)dependent, secondary, subject, under

subpoena [] n.(法律)传票(a writ commanding a person designated in it to appear
in
court under a penalty for failure)v. 传讯
(类)lien·claim=subpoena·command 留置权是一种法律权力=传票是一种法律命令
subpoena·witness=conscript·soldier 传讯证人=招募士兵(招集)
(记)sub(在„下面)+ poena(=penalty 惩罚)→传讯

subservient [] a. 奉承的,屈从的(obsequiously submissive)
(类)willfulness·headstrong=subservience·fawning 任性·任性的=奉承·奉承的
(同)menial, obeisant, obsequious, servile

subside [] vi. 下陷,下沉(to let oneself settle down :sink;to sink or fall to the bottom)
(反)subside ◆ promote (地位)下降 ◆ 提升
subside ◆ withhold pressure 下沉 ◆ 抗压
(记)sub(下面)+side(=sit坐)→坐下去→下陷
(同)abate, die, lull, wane

subsidiary [] adj. 次要的;辅助的(of secondary importance)
(反)preponderant ◆ subsidiary 重要的 ◆ 次要的
(记)sub+ sidi坐→坐在下面的→次要的,辅助的
(同)auxiliary, accessory, subservient

subsidy [] n. 补助金, 津贴(direct financial aid by government)
(类)subsidy·support=debt·obligation 同义还是种属
sop·conciliatory=subsidy·supportive 安抚物·安抚的=补助金·支助的(正面特征)
【注: sop :a conciliatory or propitiatory bribe, gift, or gesture】
(同)appropriation, grant, subvention

substantial []adj. 物质的;真实的(real);重要的(important, essential)
(反)diaphanous ◆ substantial 非物质的 ◆ 物质的
substantive ◆ trivial 重要的 ◆ 琐细的
vaporous ◆ substantial 空幻的 ◆ 真实的
tenuous ◆ substantial 空洞的 ◆ 实质的
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(同)luxurious, luxuriant, opulent, palatial

sunder [] v. 分裂,分离(to break apart or in two;separate)
(类)collapse·implode=divide·sunder 坍塌·内爆=分开·分裂(后者造成前者)
【注】implode:to collapse inward as if from external pressure
(反)sunder ◆ connectlink 分裂 ◆ 连接
sunder ◆ bondcombineconjoinmergeyoke 分裂 ◆ 结合
sunder ◆ yoke 分离 ◆ 连接
【注】yoke v. to join in or with a yoke(用车辕连接)
(同)separate, disjoin, disjoint, disunite
(记)谐音:散的→分裂,分离

supercilious [] adj. 目中无人的,傲慢的(coolly and patronizingly haughty)
(反)supercilious ◆ obsequiousgrovelinghumble 傲慢的 ◆ 奉承的卑躬屈膝的谦逊的
superciliousness ◆ humility 傲慢 ◆ 谦逊
(同)proud, arrogant, disdainful, haughty, insolent, overbearing
(记)super+cili(=lower eyelid 下眼皮)→眼皮向上翻→目中无人
参考:conciliate:con(共同)+cili(眼皮)→眼睛看一处→调和,安抚

superficial [] adj. 表面的;肤浅的(lying on the surface :external)
(反)superficial ◆ central 表面的,外部的 ◆ 中央的
(同)shallow, shoal

superfluous [] adj. 多余的,过剩的(exceeding what is sufficient or necessary:
extra)
(类)pertinen t·relevance=redundant·superfluity中肯的·中肯=多余的·多余(形名同 义)
(反)integral ◆ superfluous 不可缺少的 ◆ 多余的
superfluity ◆ scarcity 额外 ◆ 缺乏
(同)excess, extra, spare, surplus

superimpose [] n.置于他物之上,重叠;添加(to place or lay over or above
something)
(类)superimpose·above=insert·between 置于他物之上·在„上方=插入·在„之间
(例)she superimposed her own formula when she retold the story.
她重复故事的时候,加入了自己的解释。

supersede v. 替代,取代,接替,撤换 废弃
superstition n. 迷信
supine [] adj. 懒散的(exhibiting indolent);仰卧的(lying on back)
(反)supine ◆ vigilant 懒散的,放松的 ◆ 警惕的

supple [] adj. 柔软的,灵活的(easy and fluent without awkwardness);逢迎的,顺从的

(类)numb·sensation=stiff·suppleness 麻木的·感觉=坚硬的·柔软(缺乏关系)
(反)suppleness ◆ stiffnessrigidness 柔软 ◆ 坚硬
(同)plastic, adaptable, ductile, malleable, pliable, pliant

supplant [] v.排挤,取代(to supersede especially by force or treachery)
(类)supplant·replace=snatch·take 排挤·代替=攫取·获得(前者靠力量或阴谋达到后
者)
(同)displace, usurp

supplement [] n. 增补,补充(something that completes or makes an addition)
(类)supplement·additional=placebo·innoxious 补充是附加的=安慰剂是无毒的
(同)appendix, addendum

supplicate [] v. 恳求,乞求(to make a humble entreaty; to ask for earnestly and
humbly)
(类)protest·dissuade=supplicate·entreat 抗议·劝阻=恳求·恳求 (同义)
supplicant·beseeching=coquette·flirtatious 恳求者是恳求的=风骚女子是轻浮

(反)supplicate ◆ demand 恳求 ◆ 强求
【注:demand:to call for urgently, peremptorily, or insistently】
(同)beg, appeal, beseech, crave, entreat, plead

supposition [] n.猜想,推测(something that is supposed :hypothesis)
(反)supposition ◆ certainty 推测 ◆ 确定
(同)assumption, postulate, premise, presumption

suppress [] vt. 抑制,禁止;镇压(to restrain from a usual course or action;subdue)
(反)suppress ◆ unrestrainstimulate 抑制 ◆ 放纵 激励
(同)crush, annihilate, extinguish, quash, quell

supremacy n. 至高无上 霸权地位,优势,最高地位
surcharge [] n. 超载(an excessive load or burden)
(反)surcharge ◆ shortfall 超载 ◆ 不足
(记)charge 负荷

surfeit [] n.(食物)过量,过度(an overabundant supply:excess)
(反)surfeit ◆ deficiencydeprivation 过剩 ◆ 短缺匮乏
surfeit ◆ famish starve 过饱 ◆ 饥饿
surfeit ◆ insufficient supply 供应过量 ◆ 供应不足
(同)excess, overabundance, overflow, plethora, surplus

surly adj. 暴躁的,粗鲁的,敌意的;天阴沉沉的
(记)sir 先生,男士;联想:男人的脾气一般比较暴躁。

surmise [  ] n. 推测,臆测,疑惑
surmount [  ] v. 克服,越过,登上
surrender [] n. v. 交出,放弃,投降(to yield to the power)
(反)appropriate ◆ surrender 攫取 ◆ 交出
(同)relinquish, abandon, cede, resign, yield

surreptitious [] adj. 偷偷摸摸的;保密的(doing something clandestinely)
(反)surreptitious ◆ barefacedaboveboard 偷偷摸摸的 ◆ 公然的光明正大的
(同)secret, clandestine, covert, furtive, stealthy

susceptibility n. 易感性,敏感性,易受影响,易动情
(反)immunity 免疫

suspend [] vi. 暂停,中止(to cause to stop temporarily);悬浮(hang)
(反)suspend ◆ erect let fall 悬挂 ◆ 竖立落下
invoke ◆ suspend 实行 ◆ 中止
(同)exclude, bar, bate, debar, eliminate, except

suture [] n. 缝合vt. 缝合(to unite, close, or secure with sutures)
(反)suture ◆ incision 缝合 ◆ 切开
avulse ◆ suture 撕脱 ◆ 缝合

svelte [] adj. (女人)体态苗条的,优雅的(slender, lithe;urbane, suave)
(反)svelte ◆ plump 苗条的 ◆ 丰满的
svelte ◆ paunchy and awkward 苗条而优雅的 ◆ 大腹便便而笨拙的

swagger [] v. 大摇大摆地走,吹牛(to walk with an air of overbearing)
(类)blustering·speak=swaggering·walk 大吵大闹的·讲=大摇大摆的·走(前者夸张)
fawn·hauteur=self- depreciate·swagger 奉承者不会傲慢=自贬者不会虚夸
pontificate·speak=swagger·walk 装模作样地说·说=大摇大摆地走·走(前者
夸张)
imperious·fawn=self-depreciatory·swagger 傲慢的者不会奉承=自贬者不会
虚夸
swagger·bravado=caress·affection 大摇大摆·虚张声势=爱抚·爱(前者表达
后者)
(同)lord, cock, peacock, pontificate, swank, swell

swear [] vi. 诅咒(to use profane or obscene language:curse)
(反)accolade ◆ swearword 赞美 ◆ 咒骂
(同)curse,execrate,imprecate

sweltering [] adj. 酷热的(oppressively hot)
(反)sweltering ◆ frigid 酷热的 ◆ 严寒的
(同)hot,scorching, sultry, torrid
(记)swelter 闷热 比较:sweater 大汗淋漓的人,毛衣

swerve [] v. 转向,突然改变方向(to turn aside abruptly from a straight line or course:deviate)
(反)swerve ◆ maintain direction 转向 ◆ 保持方向
(同)depart, deviate, digress, diverge

swift adj. 快速的 机警的 短暂的,突然的
swill [] v.痛饮(to drink great drafts of:guzzle)
(类)swill·sip=gobble·nibble 痛饮·啜饮=狼吞虎咽·细嚼慢咽(动作程度)
(反)swill ◆ sip 痛饮 ◆ 啜饮
(同)drink,guzzle

swindle [] vt. vi. 诈骗,骗取(to obtain money or property by fraud or deceit)
(类)implacable·compromise=honest·swindle 难和解的·妥协=诚实的·诈骗(形动
反义)
swindler·cheat=proselyter·convert 骗子·欺骗=改信仰者·改变信仰 (正面特
征)
(同)cheat, beat, cozen, defraud

swing [] n. 摇摆,秋千(something that swings freely from or on a support)
(类)oscillation·swing=momentum·scooter 振荡·秋千=动力·踏板车(推动力·推动对
象)
(同)oscillate, pendulate, sway

sybarite [] n.(文语)沉于奢侈逸乐者,酒色之徒(voluptuary, sensualist)
(反)spartan ◆ sybaritic 简朴的,刻苦的 ◆ 奢侈逸乐的
sybarite ◆ ascetic 纵情逸乐之徒 ◆ 禁欲者,苦行修道者
(同)voluptuary, sensualist,hedonist

sycophant [] n.马屁精, 谄媚者, 奉承者(a servile self-seeking flatterer)
(类)sycophant·fawn=pundit·opine 马屁精·拍马=权威批评家·发表意见(人与其嗜好)
【注】pundit: one who gives opinions in an authoritative manner :critic
sycophantic·obsequious=pontifical·dogmatic 拍马的·奉承的=武断的·独断
的(同义)
rival·competition=exto rtionist·intimidation=malcontent·complaint
对手·竞争=勒索者·胁迫=不满者·抱怨(正面特征)
(同)parasite, sycophant, toady
(记)谐音:塞口粪。联想:对于溜须拍马者就应该往他们嘴里塞口粪。

syllabus [] n. 课程提纲(a summary outline of a discourse, treatise, or course of study)
(类)syllabus·course=agenda·meeting 教学大纲·课程=议程·会议(编排或安排关系)
(同)compendium, digest, sketch

syllogism [] n. 三段论法,演绎;诡辩
(类)remonstrance·offend=syllogism·disprove 用抗议来冒犯=用三段论法来反驳

symbiosis [] n. [生]共生, 合作关系(the living together in more or less intimate
association or close union of two dissimilar)
(反)symbiosis ◆ unrelated growth 共生 ◆ 无关联的生长

symmetry [] n. 对称, 匀称(balanced proportions)
(反)symmetry ◆ disproportion 对称 ◆ 不均衡
(同)balance, harmony, proportion
(例)we are filled with admiration of the superb symmetry of the design.
我们都被这个设计的高超的对称性折服了。

symphony [] n. 交响乐,交响曲(consonance of sounds;symphony orchestra)
(类)instrumentalist·symphony=dancer·ballet
乐器演奏家·交响乐=舞蹈家·芭蕾舞(表演者与节目)
stanza·poem=movement·symphony 重复出现诗节·诗=乐章·交响乐(部分
与整体)
symphony·conductor=film·director 交响乐·指挥=电影·导演(指挥前者)
exhibition·painting=concert·symphony 展览会·油画=音乐会·交响乐(展示
后者)

synchronous [] adj. 同时的, 同步的(happening or arising at precisely the same time)
(反)synchronous ◆ noncontemporaneous 同时的 ◆ 非同时的
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synchronous ◆ occurring at different times 同时代的 ◆ 发生在不同时代的
synchronous ◆ out-of-phase 同步的 ◆ 不同阶段的
(同)contemporary, coexistent,concurrent,contemporaneous, simultaneous

synergic [] adj. 协作的,合作的(working together:cooperating)
(反)synergic ◆ antagonistic 协作的 ◆ 敌对的
(同)cooperative, coacting, coactive, conjoint

synonymous [] a. 同义的(alike in meaning or significance)
(类)synonymous·meaning=interchangeable·function
同义的·意义=可互换的·功能 (形容词及其相关对象)
(例)to runners, boston is synonymous with marathon。

synopsis [] n. 摘要,概要(a condensed statement or outline:abstract)
(类)synopsis·conciseness=distillate·purity 摘要·简洁=蒸馏物·纯净(正面特征)
abbreviation·sentence=synopsis·narrative 缩写·句子=摘要·叙述
synopsis·condesnsed=appendix·supplementary 摘要·浓缩的=附录·补充
(反)synoptic ◆ protracted 概要的 ◆ 详述的
(同)abridgment, abstract, brief, condensation

synthesis [] n. 综合,合成(the combination of parts or elements so as to form a whole)
(反)synthesis ◆ analysis 合成 ◆ 分解
synthesis ◆ take apart 合成 ◆ 分解,拆开
(同)harmonize, blend, integrate

tacit [] adj. 心照不宣的,有默契的,暗示的(expressed or carried on without words or speech)
(类)tacit·infer=encoded·decode 心照不宣的·推断=用密码写的·解码(前者需要后者)
(反)tacit ◆ expressly stated 暗示的 ◆ 明确的表达
stipulation ◆ tacit requirement 约定 ◆ 默认的要求
tacit ◆ directly expressedexplicit 暗示的 ◆ 直接陈述的直率的
(同)implicit, inferred, undeclared, unexpressed

taciturn [] adj. 沉默寡言的(temperamentally disinclined to talk)
( 类)taciturn·chatter=insufferable·tolerate=magnanimo us·begrudge
沉默寡言的· 喋喋不休的谈=难以忍受的·容忍=宽宏大量的·嫉妒
(反)loquacious ◆ taciturn 多话的 ◆ 寡言的
taciturn ◆ glibexpansiveprolixvoluble 沉默寡言的 ◆ 油腔滑调的多嘴的罗嗦
的饶舌的
volubility ◆ taciturnity 饶舌 ◆ 沉默
windbag ◆ taciturnity 饶舌的人 ◆ 沉默寡言
(同)silent , close, reserved, reticent, uncommunicative

tackle [] n. 传动装置,滑车(一种工具)(an assemblage of ropes and pulleys arranged to
gain mechanical advantage for hoisting and pulling )vt. 固定;解决(问题)
(类)bolster·support=tackle·hoist 支撑结构·支撑=滑车·升高(物品及其功能)
【注·bolster· a structural part designed to eliminate friction or provide support or
bearing】

tact [] n. 机敏,圆滑(a keen sense of what to do or say in order to maintain good relations
with others or avoid offense)
(类)tact·offensive=money·poor 机敏·冒犯性的=金钱·贫穷的(避免)
(同)diplomacy,tactfulness,adroitness,acumen

tactile [] adj. 有触觉的,能触知的(perceptible by touch:tangible)
(类)tactile·touch=affective·emotion 触觉的·触觉=情感的·情感(形名同义)
(同)tangible , palpable, touchable

tactless [] adj. 无机智的,不老练的,不圆滑的(marked by lack of a keen sense of what to
do or say in order to maintain good relations with others or avoid offense)
(类)chicanery·clever=tactlessness·truthful 狡猾·精明的=不圆滑·老实的(褒贬对比)
(反)savvy ◆ tactlessness 机智 ◆ 不老练
(同)brash, impolitic, maladroit, undiplomatic, unpolitic, untactful

tadpole [] n. 蝌蚪
(类)tadpole·frog=caterpillar·butterfly 蝌蚪·青蛙=毛虫·蝴蝶(幼年与成年)

talisman [] n. 护身符(an object held to avert evil and bring good fortune)
(类)talisman·object=incantation·utterance 护身符·物品=咒语·话(种属)

taint [] vt. 污染,使腐败(corrupt) n. 污点,感染(a moral defect considered as a spot)
(反)taint ◆ integrity wholesomeness 污点 ◆ 完美 健全
tainted ◆ pristine unspoiled wholesome 被污染的 ◆ 纯洁的未损坏的健全

tainted ◆ unadulterated 弄脏的 ◆ 没有搀杂的
(同)blur, smear, smudge, stain, tarnish

talon [] n.猛禽的锐爪(the claw of an animal and especially of a bird of prey)
(类)talon·eagle=claw·panther 猛禽的锐爪·鹰=(动物的)爪·豹

tambourine [] n.小手鼓(An instrument consisting of a small drumhead)
(类)trumpet·horn=tambourine·dru m小号·号=小手鼓·鼓(种属+特征小)

tamper [] v. 窜改,损害(to alter improperly)
(类)tamper·adjust=mi srepresent·communicate窜改·校准=误传·传达(错误与正常)

tangent [] adj. 离题的,不相关的(diverging from an original purpose of course:
irrelevant);相切的 n. 切线
(反)tangent ◆ essential 不相关的 ◆ 基本的
(同)tangential

tangible [] adj. 可感知的,明显的(palpable);切实的,明确的(material)
(类)incip ient·realized=initial·realized=tangible·indefinite
开始的·完成的=最初的·实现的=切实的·模糊的(反义)
(反)tangible ◆ unable to perceive 可感知的 ◆ 无法感知的
(同)perceptible, appreciable, detectable, discernible, palpable, sensible

tangy [] adj. 强烈的,扑鼻的(having or suggestive of a tang)
(反)tangy ◆ bland 强烈的 ◆(味道)平和的

tantalize [] v. 挑惹,挑逗(to tease by presenting something desirable to the view but
continually keeping it out of reach)
(反)tantalize ◆ comfort console solace alleviate assuage relieve satiate
挑惹 ◆ 安慰,减轻,缓和,满足
(同)tease worry, annoy, beleaguer,harass, plague

tantamount [] adj. 等价的,与…相等的(equivalent in value, significance, or effect)
(反)tantamount ◆ incommensurate 等价 ◆ 不相称的
(同)same, duplicate, equivalent, identical
(例)Your ignoring their pathetic condition is tantamount to the murder.

tantrum [] n. 勃然大怒,发脾气(a fit of bad temper)
(反)tantrum ◆ pacify 发脾气 ◆ 使平静
(记)谐音“太蠢”→爱发怒的人都太蠢

taper [] vi. vt.(使)逐渐变细,(使)逐渐减少(progressively narrowed toward one end)
(类)abate·intensity=taper·width 减轻·强度=逐渐变细·宽
(同)decrease, abate, close, dwindle, lessen

tapestry [] n. 挂毯(a heavy handwoven reversible textile used for hangings)
(类)chiaroscuro·contrast=filigree·delicacy 明暗配合·对比=工艺品·精致(正面特征)

tardy [] adj. 缓慢的,迟缓的(moving slowly :sluggish)
(类)guile·naif=tardy·prompt 狡猾·天真=迟缓的·迅速 (反义)
(同)lated, overdue, unpunctual


tarnish [] n. v. 失去光泽,晦暗(to dull or destroy the luster of by or as if by air, dust, or dirt)
(类)silver·tarnish=iron·rust 银·失去光泽=铁·生锈 (物品及其化学性质)
tarnish·dull=vitrify·smooth 晦暗·阴暗的=玻璃化·光滑的 (动作及其结果)
(同)soil, stain dull , fade, pale


tarpaulin [] n. 油布雨衣
(类)lint·covering=tarpaulin·garment软麻布· 遮盖物=油布雨衣·衣服 (种属)
tarpaulin·covering=raincoat·garment 防水油布·遮盖物 = 雨衣·衣服 (种属)

tasty [] adj. 十分吸引人的(strikingly attractive or interesting)
(反)tasty ◆ uninteresting 吸引人的 ◆ 无趣的
(同)palatable, appetizing, good-tasting, relishing, tasteful


tatty [] adj. 破旧的,褴褛的(rather worn, frayed, or dilapidated·shabby)
(反)tatty ◆ smart 褴褛的 ◆ 漂亮的
(同)cheap, base, common, paltry, rubbishy, shoddy
(记)源自 tat:一块破布,穿着破烂的人

taunt [] v. 嘲笑,讥笑(to reproach or challenge in a mocking or insulting manner:jeer at)
(类)flout·disregard=taunt·challenge 轻视·忽视=嘲笑·怀疑(前者表达后者)
taunt·provoke=plot·outwit 嘲弄·挑拨=密谋·以智取胜(同义)
(同)ridicule, deride, lout, mock, scout

taut [] adj.(绳子)拉紧的(tightly drawn)整洁的, 紧张的
(类)slacken·tautness=dilute·strength 松弛·紧张度=稀释·浓度(消弱关系)
taut·commodious=extraordinary·purlieu
紧张的·便利的=不寻常的·常去的地方(反面特征)
(反)tauten ◆ loosenslacken 拉紧 ◆ 松弛
taut ◆ laxloose or unfirmslack 紧张的 ◆ 松弛的
(同)tight , close, tense
list 34 tawdry -------truce
tawdry [] adj. 俗丽的, 非常华丽的(cheap and gaudy in appearance or quality; ignoble)
(反)tawdry ◆ exquisite 俗丽的 ◆ 高雅的
(同)gaudy, blatant, brazen, garish, glaring, meretricious

taxing [] adj. 繁重的,费力的(onerous, wearing)
(反)taxing ◆ light 繁重的 ◆ 轻快的
taxing ◆ easy 费力的 ◆ 容易的
(同)onerous, burdensome, demanding, grievous, tough

taxonomist [] n.分类学家
(类)taxonomist·classify=carpenter·build 分类学家·分类=木匠·建筑

tear [] vi. 流泪;撕破;猛冲,狂奔(to move or act with violence, haste, or force)
(反)tear ◆ stabilize 猛冲 ◆ 稳定(干扰:dawdle insert)(争议极大无定论)
(同)rush , boil, dash, lash, race, shoot

tedious [] adj. 沉闷的,冗长乏味的(tiresome because of length or dullness:boring)
(类)tedious·energy=disturbing·composure 乏味的·活力=烦扰的·沉着(名形反义)
discompose·pacific=engage·tedious 使不安·平静的=使忙碌·单调乏味的(消除)
(反)tedious ◆ entertaining 沉闷的 ◆ 愉快的
tedious ◆ absorbing stimulating 乏味的 ◆ 吸引人的刺激的
(同)irksome, boresome, boring, drudging, tiresome

teeter [] vi. 摇摆,摇摇欲坠(to move unsteadily:wobble)
(反)teeter ◆ stabilize 摇摆不定 ◆ 使„稳固
(同)falter, lurch, stagger, stammer, stumble
(记)联想黑人的踢踏舞→摇摇摆摆

teetotalism n. 禁酒(the principle or practice of complete abstinence from alcoholic drinks)
(反)teetotalism ◆ intemperance 禁酒 ◆ 饮酒过度

telling [] adj. 有效的,显著的(effective, expressive)
(反)telling ◆ not effective 有效的 ◆ 无效的
(同)valid, cogent, convincing, sound


temerity [] n.鲁莽,大胆(boldness; nerve)
(反)temerity ◆ circumspectioncautious approach 鲁莽 ◆ 谨慎谨慎处理
temerity ◆ pusillanimity 大胆 ◆ 胆怯
(同)rashness, recklessness, assurance, audacity, brashness, nerve
(记)谐音“太猛”→鲁莽

temporize [] v. 调停;见风驶舵(to draw out discussions or negotiations so as to
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gain time dominant opinion) 罪
(反)temporize ◆ unwilling to compromise 调停 ◆ 不愿意妥协 (同)attestation, confirmation, proof, testimonial, witness
(例)you'd have to temporize until you found out how she wanted to be advised.
(记)tempor(= time)联想:根据时间行事→见机行事→见风使舵 testy [] adj. 易努的,暴躁的,性急的(easily annoyed:irritable)
(类)testy·annoy=tractable·control 易努的容易被惹恼=易于管教的容易被控制
temperate [] adj. 适度的,有节制的(marked by moderation) testy·annoy=【干扰:hesitate·balk】恼怒的容易被惹恼=【犹豫·犹豫不决:同义 】
(类)temperate·restrain=tenacious·persist 节制的·节制=顽强的·坚持(形动同义) (反)testy ◆ affable 暴躁的 ◆ 和蔼可亲的
(反)harangue ◆ speak temperately 长篇大论 ◆ 适度的发言 testy ◆ good humorhumorous 易怒的 ◆ 好脾气的
temperate ◆ extreme 适度的 ◆ 极端地 testy ◆ unable to irritate 易怒的 ◆ 不能激怒的
temperate ◆ frivolous 节制的 ◆ 轻佻的 【注:testy:marked by impatience or ill humor】
(同)conservative , discreet, moderate, restrained, unextreme testiness ◆ imperturbability patience 暴躁 ◆ 冷静忍耐
(记)temper v. 使温和,调和 n. 脾气,性情; 注意区分:temper调和 与tempor 时间 (记)test 考试 联想:考试的时候人们心情容易暴躁

tempestuous [] adj. 暴风雨的,暴乱的(of, relating to, or resembling a tempest) tether [] vt.(用绳,铁链)拴系, 限定, 束缚(to fasten or restrain by or as if by a tether)
(反)tempestuous ◆ serene 暴乱的 ◆ 平静的 (反)tether ◆ detachtear 拴系 ◆ 分开撕裂
(同)stormy, turbulent ,wild , blustering, raging tether ◆ loose 束缚 ◆ 放任
(记)tempest(暴风雨)
thaw [  ] v. 融化, 解冻
tenable [] adj. 站得住脚的,无懈可击的(capable of being held or defended;reasonable) (记)谐音“太好”;联想:这个人心肠太好了,再坏的心肠也会被他融化。
(类)inelucta bleinevitable·avoid=untenable·defend
不可避免的·避免=无法防守的·防卫(形动反义) theocracy [ ] n.神权政治, 神政, 神权国家
(反)tenable ◆ unjustifiedunsound 无懈可击的 ◆ 不合理的 (类)anathema·curse=theocracy·state 神的诅咒·诅咒=神权国家·国家
tenable ◆ speciousindefensiblefallacious
站得住脚的 ◆ 似是而非的站不住脚的谬误的 theatrical [] adj. 1. 矫揉造作的2. 夸张的
(同)defendable, defensible (Marked by exaggerated self-display and unnatural behavior; affectedly dramatic)
(记)ten(to hold 保持住)+able→能够坚持住的→站得住脚的 【注】从英文解释中看出theatrical的两层意思:一种是夸张的自我展示;一种是虚
假做作的
tenacious [] adj. 顽强的,固执的(persistent in maintaining something valued or 所以反义为:natural (自然不做作)对应“虚假做作的”
habitual) understated reserved restraint(克制的)对应“夸张的”
(类) beneficent·harm=tenacious·yield=insouciant·worry understated ﹥restraint(克制)后者词性不符。
有益的·伤害=顽强的·屈服=无忧无虑的·担忧(反面行为) professional:错误
temperate·restrain=tenacious·persist 节制的·节制=顽强的·坚持(形动同义)
(反)tenacious ◆ negotiable 固执的 ◆ 可商量的 theology [] n.神学,宗教(the study of religious faith, practice, and experience)
tenacity ◆ vacillation 坚韧 ◆ 踌躇 (类)conservatory·music=seminary·theology =observatory·astronomy
(同)strong , stalwart, stout, sturdy, tough 音乐学校·音乐=神学院·神学=天文台·天文学(学科及其研究场所)
(记)ten(to hold 保持住)+acious→坚持住的→顽强的 diary·biographer=scriptu re·theologian日记·传记作家=经文·神学家(研究对
象)
tendentious [] adj. 有偏见的,有倾向的(marked by a tendency in favor of a (记)theo(神)+ ology(学科)=神学
particular point of view:biased)
(反)tendentious ◆ unbiasedunprejudiced 有偏见的 ◆ 公平的没有偏见的 therapeutic [] adj. 治疗的,治疗学的(of or relating to the treatment of disease
(同)biased , colored, jaundiced, partial, prejudiced or
disorders by remedial agents or methods)
tender [  ] adj. 纤弱的;v. 正式提出(to offer formally) (类)therapeutic·hospital=illuminating·school 治疗的·医院=启蒙的·学校(场所及其特
(反)tender ◆ withdraw 提出 ◆ 收回,撤回 征)
【注:干扰选项是withhold。withhold:to refrain from granting, giving, or allowing 不批准,不(记)therap(护士) 参考:therapia n. 疗法, 治疗
给, < br>不允许。注意这里的不给容易给大家造成误解。认为不给与提交构成反义。实际上,这里的不给thorn y [] adj. 多刺的,棘手的, 困难多的(full of thorns;full of difficulties or controversial points)
表示 (反)thorny ◆ smooth 多刺的,困难多的 ◆ 平滑的,安详的
一种态度,如:我不给他我的作业。而提交表示一种动作和行为。其反义应为撤回,收 回:retract】 (同)nettlesome, prickly, spiny ,ticklish


tenor [] n. 要旨,大意;男高音 threadbare [] adj. 磨破的,陈腐的(exhausted of interest or freshness)
(例)the tenor of his speech他演讲的大意 (类)threadbare timeworn·novelty=labyrinthine·directness
陈腐的陈旧的·新奇=曲折的·直接 (形名反义)
tenuous [ ] adj. 纤弱的(slender)内容贫乏的 (同)shabby , dilapidated, dingy, faded, tattered

(反)substantial 坚固的, 实质的
(记)tenu(薄,细)参考:attenuate削弱;extenuate减轻 throng [] vi. 群集,拥挤(to crowd together in great numbers)
(类)protract·length=throng·number 延长·长度=群集·数目(动作及其作用对象)
tenure [  ] n. 占有,终身职位 (同)crowd , crush, multitude, press, squash
(记)谐音:太牛。联想:这人太牛了所以获得了一个终身职位。
thwart [] v. 阻挠,使…受挫(to oppose successfully:defeat the hopes or aspirations of)
tentative [  ] adj. 试验性的,暂时的 迟疑不决的(provisional; experimental) (类)oppose·thwart=treat·cure 反对·阻挠=治疗·治愈 (同义)
(例)Your tentative plans sound plausible; let me know when the final details are worked out. (反)thwart ◆ support aidbolster 阻挠 ◆ 支持
thwart ◆ abetfomentfosterfacilitate 阻挠 ◆ 煽动煽动鼓励帮助
tepid [] adj. 微温的,温热的,不太热心的(moderately warm, lukewarm) thwart ◆ aid effectively 阻碍 ◆ 有效帮助
(反)tepid ◆ ardentebullientfeverish 不太热心的 ◆ 热心的热心的狂热的 (同)frustrate , baffle, circumvent, foil, ruin
(同)halfhearted, lukewarm, unenthusiastic (记)观察中间的war 联想:对于战争人人都应该阻挠

terminology n. 术语(the special terms used in a business, art, science, or special subject) ticklish [] adj. 易怒的,易变的,不稳定的(easily offended or upset;touchy, oversensitive)
(类)terminology·language=uniform·clothing 术语·语言=制服·服装(种属) (类)pliant·influence=ticklish·offend 依从的·影响=易怒的·冒犯(正面特征)
(记)term本身是一个词:术语 【干扰:censorious·condemn 正面主动非被动】
(反)ticklish ◆ imperturbable 不稳定的 ◆ 镇静的
terminus [] n. 终点,界标,终点站(The final point;the end) (同)delicate , precarious, sensitive, touchy, tricky
(类)inception·termination=matriculation· graduation 起初·结束=入学·毕业(时间前后) (记)tickle 瘙痒 联想:心里总发痒的→易变的,情绪不稳的
terminus·trip=epilogue·story 终点·旅程=尾声·故事
(反)outset ◆ termination 开端 ◆ 终止 tidy [  ] adj. 整洁的 有条理,精确的
sustain ◆ terminate 持续 ◆ 结束 tiff [] n. v. 小争吵,生气(a petty quarrel)
(同)end , cease, cessation, conclusion, termination (类)tiff·squabble=foible·failing 小争吵·争吵=小缺点· 缺点(程度)
(记)term 学期;期间;参考:terminal n.终点站, 终端adj.末期, 每期的 offense·peccadillo=quarrel·tiff 冒犯·小过失=吵架·小争吵
(同)quarrel, altercation, dispute, spat, squabble

terror [] n. 恐怖,可怕的人(a state of intense fear)
(类)apprehension·terror=affection·adoration 忧虑·恐惧=喜爱·崇拜(程度) tightfisted [] adj. 吝啬的(reluctant to part with money)
terror·fear=craving·desire 恐惧·害怕=渴望· 希望(程度) (类)tightfisted·parsimonious=brattish·mischievous
(同)fear , alarm, dread, trepidation, trepidity 参考:terrorist 恐怖分子 吝啬的·小气的=小孩被惯坏的·淘气的(同义)
(同)stingy, miserly, niggardly, parsimonious, penurious

terse [] adj.简洁的,简明的(devoid of superfluity also· short, brusque) (记)tight 紧的+fist 拳头→紧握拳头的→吝啬的
(反)terse ◆ lengthy 简短的 ◆ 冗长的
(同)concise, compendious, curt, laconic, succinct, summary timeworn [] adj. 陈旧的,老朽的(hackneyed, stale)
(类)threadbaretimewo rn·novelty=labyrinthine·directness
testator [] n. 立遗嘱之人(a person who dies leaving a will or testament in force) 陈腐的陈旧的·新奇=曲折的·直接(形名反义)
(类)heirloom·ancestor=bequest·testator 传家宝·祖先=遗赠·立遗嘱之人(物品及其来(反)timeworn ◆ novel 陈旧的 ◆ 新奇的
源) (同)ancient , antediluvian, antique, hoary

testimony [] n. 证词,声明 (a solemn declaration usually made orally by a witness timid [] adj. 胆小的,羞怯的(lacking in courage or self-confidence)
under (类)self- confident·timid=open·shy 自信的·羞怯的=开朗的·害羞的 (反义)
oath in response to interrogation by a lawyer or authorized public official) (反)timid ◆ stalwart 胆怯的;羞怯的 ◆ 健壮的,坚定的
(类)calumny·assertion=perjury·testimony 诽谤·断言=伪证·证言(褒贬类比)贬与一(同)shy , bashful, coy, demure, diffident

calumny·representation=perjury·testimony 中伤·陈述 =伪证·证词(种属) timorous [] adj. 胆小的,胆怯的(of a timid disposition·fearful) testimonial·appreciation=confession·culpability 推荐信表达欣赏=招供表达有(反)timorous ◆ intrepid scrappy stalwart 胆怯的 ◆ 无畏的好斗的勇敢的
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(同)timid , timorsome, undaring toy [] vi. 草率不认真地对待(to treat something casually or without seriousness:trifle)
(反)toy ◆ think over seriously 草率不认真地对待 ◆ 深思熟虑地对待
tinge [] vt. 微染,使带气息(to color with a slight shade or stain·tint) (例)the writer toyed with the idea of writing a play.
(反)tinged ◆ colorless 淡色的 ◆ 无色的

这位作家草率地对待创作一个剧本的思想。
(记)toy 玩具 联想:象玩具一样对待
tinker [] n. 修补匠 v. 拙劣地修补,胡乱地调整(to repair, adjust, or work with something in an
unskilled or experimental manner:fiddle) tractable [] adj. 易驾驭的,易管教的,温顺的(obedient, amenable, docile,
(类)tinker·adjust=scribble·write 胡乱地调整·调整=潦草地写·写(非正常和正常) pliant)
(同)iddle , doodle, mess, puddle

(类)complaisance·intra ctable=adeptness·maladroit 柔顺·倔强的=老练·笨拙的
(记)tin 锡+ker 联想:补锅的漏洞一般要用锡→修补 subtle·overlook=tractable·lead 难以觉察的·忽视=易驾驭的·领导(容易被)
【注:subtle:difficult to understand or perceive】
tint [] n. 色彩,浅色 v. 染色(to impart or apply a tint to:color) testy·annoy=tractable·control 重复易怒的·使苦恼=温顺的·控制(容 易发生
(类)tint·suffuse=damp·quench 染色·染遍=打湿:浸湿(程度) 的)
(同)color , hue, shade, tinge, tone credulous·cozen=tractable·control 轻信的·欺骗 = 易驾驭的·控制 (容易)
(反)tractable ◆ insubordinate intransigent obstinate balky pertinacious headstrong
tirade [] n. 长篇攻击性的演说(a protracted speech usually marked by intemperate, 易驾驭的 ◆ 不顺从的 不妥协的 倔强的 倔强的 固执的 不听命令的
vituperative or harshly censorious language) tractability ◆ incorrigibility 温驯 ◆ 难以矫正
(类)anger·tirade=exaggeration·hyperbole (记)tract 拉→能够拉得住的→易驾驭的
愤怒· 长篇攻击性的演说=夸张·夸张法(后者表达前者)
tirade· anger =burlesque· mockery tranquility n. 宁静(the quality or state free from disturbance or turmoil)
长篇攻击性演讲·气愤=讽刺滑稽的戏剧·嘲弄(前者表达后者) (反)tranquility ◆ ferment pandemonium 宁静 ◆ 动乱 喧嚣
(反)tirade ◆ dispassionate speech 长篇攻击性的演说 ◆ 毫无激情的演讲
(同)diatribe, harangue transcend [] vt. 超越,胜过(to rise above or go beyond the limits of , to triumph
(记)tirade来自tyrant 暴君 联想:讨伐暴君时要进行长篇攻击性的演说 over
the negative or restrictive aspects of·overcome)
toady [] n. 谄媚者,拍马屁的人(one who flatters in the hope of gaining favors·sycophant) (反)ossify ◆ transcend conventions 僵化 ◆ 超越传统
(类)recluse·solitude=toady·favor 寂寞者·孤独=谄媚者·好感 (正面特征) (同)surpass, better, exceed, outshine, outstrip
(同)sycophant, toad
(记)toad 癞蛤蟆→癞蛤蟆一样的人→拍马屁者 transfigure [] vt. 改观,美化(to give a new and typically exalted or spiritual
appearance
toil [ ] n. 辛苦,苦工 to·transform outwardly and usually for the better)
(类)transfigure·aspect=transfer·location 改观·外表=转移·位置
tonic [] adj. 激励的,滋补的 n. 增进健康之物,补品(increasing or restoring physical or (同)transform, commute, convert, metamorphose
mental tone:refreshing) (记)trans 改变+ figure 外形→改观,美化
(类)conducive·foment=tonic·invi goratestimulate=anagelsic·deaden
促进的·激励=激励的·鼓舞=麻痹的·消弱(感觉)(形动同义) transgress [] vt. 违反,犯罪,越规(to go beyond limits set or prescribed
(反)tonic ◆ enfeebling 滋补的 ◆ 衰弱的 by·violate)
tonic ◆ draining 增进健康之物 ◆ 气力耗尽 (类)rectitude·transgress=keen·obtuse 正直·越规=锋利的·钝的(反义)
(同)invigorating, animating, exhilarative, stimulative transgression·morality=presumption·propriety 犯罪·道德=专横·礼貌(违
反)
tong [] n. 钳子;堂,帮会 trespass·boundary=betray·trust=astray·path =transgress·rules
(类)tongs·grasping= reel· winding 钳子·抓取=卷轴·旋转(工具及其作用) 侵入·边界=背叛·信任=迷路·道路=违反·规则(动宾关系)
(记)这是一个来自汉语的词 tong 读音tang 堂;帮会组织的名称 (反)transgress ◆ obey 违反 ◆ 遵守
另外,谐音:烫 联想:用作刑具的钳子烧红了很烫 (同)violate , breach, contravene, infringe, offend

tonsorial [] adj. 理发师的,理发的(of or relating to a barber or the work of a transient [] adj. 短暂的,瞬时的(transitory)
barber) (类)opportune·convenience=impermanent·transience
(类)tonsorial·hair=sartorial·apparel 理发师的·头发=裁缝的·服装(人及其工作对象) 适宜的·方便·暂时的·短暂(形名同义)
convoluted·complexity=ephemeral·transience=t ransient·evanescence
topsy-turvy [] adj. 混乱的,颠倒的(being in utter confusion or disorder) 错综复杂的·复杂性=短暂的·短暂=短暂的:瞬息(形名同义)
(反)topsy-turvy ◆ tranquil 混乱的 ◆ 安静的 transient·vanish=constant· perpetuate 短暂的容易消失=不变的容易永存
(反)transience ◆ permanence 短暂 ◆ 持久
topsoil [] n.表层土(surface soil usually including the organic layer) transient ◆ eternal lastingpermanent persistent 短暂的 ◆ 永久的
(类)topsoil·erode=paint·peel 表层土·侵蚀=油漆·剥落 transient ◆ protracted 短暂的 ◆ 拖延的
(记)top+soil →最高一层的土→表层土 transient ◆ rooted 瞬时的 ◆ 根深蒂固的(观念、原则等)
(同)ephemeral, evanescent, fleeting, impermanent, transitory, volatile
tornado [] n. 旋风,龙卷风(a violent windstorm:whirlwind)
(类)tornado·air=whirlpool·water 旋风·空气=漩涡·水 transitory [] adj. 短暂的(tending to pass away:not persistent)
(类)transitory·endure=immutable·change 短暂的·耐久=不变的·变化 (反义)
torque [] n. 扭矩, 转矩(force that produces or tends to produce rotation or torsion) achromatic·hue=transitory·permanence 非彩色的·色彩=短暂的·永久(形名反义)
(类)torque·rotation=tension·elongation 转矩·旋转=拉力·延长(力的作用效果) (反)transitory ◆ permanence perpetual 短暂的 ◆ 永久的
transitory ◆ enduring persistent 短暂的 ◆ 持久的
torpid [] adj. 迟钝的,缺乏兴趣的(lacking in energy or vigor · apathetic, dull) (同)ransient, ephemeral, fleeting, impermanent, momentary, volatile
(反)torpid ◆ responsive 迟钝的 ◆ 易感应的
torpid ◆ ardent ebullient 缺乏兴趣的 ◆ 热情洋溢的热情的 translucent [] adj. 半透明的,透明的(permitting the passage of light:clear,
(同)lethargic, sluggish, slumberous, stupid transparent)
(记)torp 僵硬 参考:torpor 麻木 (类)slack·tension=opaque·translucence 松弛·紧张=不透明·透明(反义)
(反)translucent ◆ impervious of light 透明的 ◆ 不透光的
torpor [] n. 麻木,无感觉,不活泼(lethargy; sluggishness; dormancy) translucence ◆ opacity 半透明 ◆ 不透明
(类)torpor·iciness 麻木·冰冷(程度) (同)transparent , clear, limpid, pellucid, see-through
(反)torpor ◆ alertness ardorzeal 麻木 ◆ 机敏热心热情
torpor ◆ animationebullience 不活泼 ◆ 活泼热情洋溢 transparent [] adj. 透明的,明显的(obvious);坦率的(free from pretense or deceit)
torpor ◆ extreme excitability 麻木不仁 ◆ 极端兴奋 (类)conspicuous·see=transparent·understand 显眼的·看见=显而易见的·理解(容易)
(同)lethargy , coma, dullness, languor, lassitude torpidity (反)opacity ◆ transparency 不透明 ◆ 透明
transparent ◆ deceitful delusive 坦率的 ◆ 欺骗
torrid [] adj. 酷热的(giving off intense heat·scorching) transparent ◆ opaque 透明的 ◆ 不透明的
(反)torrid ◆ arctic 酷热的 ◆ 极寒的 (同)clear, limpid, pellucid, translucent
torridness ◆ frigidity 酷热 ◆ 寒冷
(同)scalding, scorching, sizzling, sweltering trauma [  ] n. 外伤,损伤
(例)a trauma center;a trauma team. 外伤治疗中心;外伤治疗小组
torrential [] adj. 急流的,猛烈的(caused by or resulting from action of rapid streams) (记)谐音:抽马。联想:抽马过度造成损伤。
(反)torrential ◆ trickling 急流的 ◆ 缓流的
travail [] n. vi. 辛苦劳动(work especially of a painful or laborious nature · toil)
tortuous [] adj.委婉的 ;曲折的(marked by devious or indirect tactics: crooked, tricky) (反)laze ◆ travail 懒散 ◆ 辛苦劳动
(反)tortuous ◆ directstraightforward 转弯抹角的 ◆ 直接的 (同)work , bullwork, drudgery, grind, slavery, toil
(记)谐音:沱沱河(长江的源头)→沱沱河是弯弯曲曲的
traverse [] vt. 横越,经过(to go or travel across or over)
tourniquet [] n. 止血绷带(a device to check bleeding or blood flow) (类)diverge·apart=traverse·across 分叉·分开地=横越·横过(动副同义)
(类)tourniquet·bleeding=brake·motion= dam·river (同)travel , cover, pass (over), track
止血绷带·出血=刹车·移动=水坝·江河
tourniquet·bleeding=moratorium·activity 止血绷带·出血=暂停·行动 travesty [] n. 拙劣地、歪曲的模仿(a debased, distorted, or grossly inferior imitation)
(记)tourn(= to turn 转向)+iquet(=quiet安静)→转向安静→止血 (反)travesty ◆ paragon 拙劣地,歪曲地模仿 ◆ 优秀的,完美的模范
(同)caricature , burlesque, parody, take off
tout [] v.极力赞扬(to praise or publicize loudly or extravagantly)
(反)tout ◆ cast aspersions on denounce 极力赞扬 ◆ 诽谤公开谴责 treacherous [] adj. 背叛的(characterized by or manifesting treachery:perfidious)
(例)it was touted as the world's most modern shopping center . (反)treacherousness ◆ faithfulness 背叛 ◆ 忠诚
它被吹捧为世界上最现代化的购物中心。 (同)faithless, disloyal, false, perfidious, recreant, traitorous
(记)区别:taut 拉紧的
treasurer [] n. 财务员, 出纳员
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(类)treasurer·funds=secretary·records 财务员·资金=秘书·记录 (职务及其管理对象) (类)locomotive·flatcar=tugboat·barge 火车头·平台车=拖船·驳船 (前者拖动后者)
【注:barge :a roomy usually flat-bottomed boat used chiefly for the transport of goods
treaty [] n. 条约,谈判(an agreement or arrangement made by negotiation) on
(类)rectify·treaty=confirm·hypothesis 矫正·条约=确认·假说(动宾关系) inland waterways and usually propelled by towing 靠拖动的驳船 tow:拖】

trenchant [] adj. 一针见血的;锐利的(keen, incisive; sharp) tumult [] n.骚动,暴动,吵闹(commotion)情绪激动(agitation of the mind or emotions)
(反)trenchant ◆ vaguedull 一针见血的 ◆ 含糊的钝的 (类)tumultuous·bedlam=active·hive 骚动的·混乱场所=活跃的·闹市(正面特征)
(同)incisive, biting, clear-cut, penetrating (反)tumult ◆ quietude quiescence serenity tranquility 骚动 ◆ 安静
(记)trench壕沟+ant→连壕沟里的蚂蚁都能看到→一针见血的 tumultuous ◆ serene 喧嚣的 ◆ 平静的
(同)commotion , clamor, hassle, hubbub, turmoil, uproar
trepidation [] n. 恐惧,战栗(timorous uncertain agitation:apprehension) (记)tu 谐音:土 mult =multi多→ 土人很多→骚动,吵闹
(类)dauntless·trepidation=footloose·attachment 大胆的不恐惧=自由自在的不固定
(反)dauntless ◆ trepid 大胆的 ◆ 惊恐的 turbid [] adj.混浊的, 脏的, 混乱的
trepidation ◆ sober 战栗 ◆ 镇定 (反)limpid 清澈的
(同)fear, alarm, consternation, dismay, trepidity
turbulent [] adj. 骚动的,狂暴的(causing unrest, violence, or disturbance)
trespass [] vi. 侵入 vt.冒犯,违反(violate) (类)maelstrom·turbulent=mirage·illusory 漩涡·狂暴的=海市蜃楼·幻影的(正面特征)
(类)usurp·take=trespass·enter 霸占·获得=侵入·进入(非法与正常) (同)boisterous, disorderly, rambunctious, raucous,tumultuous, unruly
trespass·boundary=transgress·rule 侵入·边界=违反·规则 (动宾关系) (记)turb 搅动 参考:perturb 感到不安turbid 混浊的
(反)trespass ◆ without to intrude 侵犯 ◆ 不侵犯
trespass ◆ obey 违反 ◆ 遵从 turgid [] adj. 浮肿的,浮夸的(excessively embellished in style or language)
(同)encroach, entrench, infringe, invade (反)turgid ◆ simple 浮夸的 ◆ 简朴的
(同)bombastic, pompous ,inflated, flatulent, overblown, tumid, windy
tribute [] n.贡物;颂词(a gift, payment, declaration) (记)谐音:特级的 联想:认为自己的东西是特级的→浮夸的
(反)tribute ◆ denunciation reprobation 颂词 ◆ 谴责 斥责
(同)encomium, citation, eulogy, panegyric, salutation despot turmoil [] n. 骚动,混乱(a state or condition of extreme confusion, agitation, or
commotion)
trickle [] v.一滴滴地流,徐徐地流(to issue or fall in drops) (反)turmoil ◆ tranquility 骚动 ◆ 安静
(类)blast·whiff=gush·trickle 大风·小气流=喷涌·滴流(名词程度) (同 commotion , agitation, confusion, flap, tumult, turbulence
trickle·gush=warm·sear 滴流·喷涌=弄热·烧焦(程度) (记)turm=turn 转变+oil 油→变成油 联想:水变油的新闻使媒体一阵骚乱
(同)drip, distill, dribble, drop, trill, weep
turncoat [] n. 背叛者,变节者(one who switches to an opposing side or party;
trite [] adj. 陈腐的,陈词滥调的(hackneyed or boring from much use·not fresh or original) specifically :traitor)
(反)trite ◆ freshoriginalunbanalunhackneyed 陈腐的 ◆ 新鲜的创新的不陈腐 的未陈(类)bigot·tolerance=turncoat·constancy=recluse·c ompassion simpleton·sagacity
旧的 狭隘者·容忍=背叛者·坚定不移=遁世者·同情笨蛋·睿智(反面特征)
(同)bathetic, cliche, commonplace, hackneyed, shopworn, threadbare, timeworn (反)constancy ◆ turncoat 坚定不移 ◆ 背叛者

trivial [] adj. 不值钱的,微不足道的;平凡的,平常的(commonplace, ordinary) turpitude[] n. 奸恶, 卑鄙(inherent baseness:depravity; a base act)
(反)trivial ◆ indispensablesubstantive 微不足道的 ◆ 不可缺少的有实质的 (反)turpitude ◆ probity 卑鄙 ◆ 正直
trivial ◆ grandiose/massive 平常的 ◆ 宏伟的 turpitude ◆ saintly behavior 卑鄙的行为 ◆ 圣洁的行为
(同)petty , inconsequential, measly, paltry, puny, trifling (记)谐音:特批土地。联想:一些官员利用职权特批土地,行为真的很卑鄙

troupe [] n. 剧团(a company or group, especially of touring actors, singers, or dancers) turquoise [] n. 绿宝石(a mineral that is a blue, bluish green, or greenish gray)
(类)troupe·perform=chorus·sing 剧团·表演=合唱团·演唱(团体及其特征行为) (类)gem·turquoise=flower·violet 宝石· 绿宝石=花·紫罗兰(种属)
orchestra·music=·troupe·drama 管弦乐队·音乐=剧团·戏剧
(记)来自troop 团队 turret [] n. 小塔,塔楼, 炮塔(an ornamental structure at an angle of a larger structure)
(类)castle·turret=sea·beacon 城堡·塔楼=海洋·灯塔 (建筑物及其所属)
trophy [] n.奖品,战利品(something gained in victory) (记)turr=tower+et表示小的后缀→小塔
(类)trophy·contestant=honors·student 奖品·竞争者=荣誉·学生(后者追求前者)
athlete·trophy=soldier·medal 运动员·奖品=战士·奖章 typo [] n. 打字错误(an error in typed or typeset material)
(同)remembrance , memento, memorial, relic, reminder, token (类)typo·text=bug·software 打字错误·文本=程序错误·软件(错误及其发生对象)

trove [  ] n. 被发现的东西,收藏的东西 tyranny [ ] n. 暴政(oppression; cruel government)
(例)He assembled a rich trove of Chinese porcelain. 他收集了一批中国瓷器。 (例)Frederick Douglass fought against the tyranny of slavery throughout his entire life.

truant [] adj. 逃避责任的(shirking responsibility)n. 逃学者,逃避者 tyro [] n.新手,业余爱好者(a beginner in learning:novice)
(反)truant ◆ dutiful 玩忽职守的 ◆ 尽职尽责的 (反)tyro ◆ expert 新手 ◆ 专家
(同)amateur , dabbler, dilettante, novice, apprentice, neophyte, rookie
truce [] n. 休战, 休战协定(a suspension of or an agreement for suspending hostilities)
(反)truce ◆ resumed fighting 休战 ◆ 重新发起战争 ubiquitous [] adj.无所不在的,普通的(being everywhere at the same time)
(同)armistice, cease-fire, break, respite, reconciliation (反)ubiquitous ◆ unique 普遍的 ◆ 唯一的
(例)the high command ordered a truce for the holidays. 最高司令部为假期订立了休战协定。 (同)omnipresent, allover, universal, widespread

list 35 truculent --------verve unanimous [  ] adj. 全体一致的,无异议的
truculent [] adj. 残暴的,凶狠的(cruel, savage);好战的(aggressively unassailable [] adj. 无可争辩的,无法否认的(Impossible to dispute or
self- assertive) disprove)
(类)truculent·gentleness=unregenerate·remorse 残暴的不温顺=顽固的不自责 (类)unassailable·refute=impervious·damage 无可辩驳不能驳斥=不会受损是不会受损伤
【注:unregenerate:making no attempt to change one's bad practices 不思改过】 【注:非难以关系,而是不能关系,语气更加强硬】
【注:remorse :a gnawing distress arising from a sense of guilt for past wrongs 自责】 (例)unassailable truths. 不争的事实
(反)truculent ◆ genialgentlemeek 凶狠的,好战的 ◆ 温和的
truculent ◆ pacific placid 好战的 ◆ 和平的平和的 umbrage [  ] n. 不快,阴影(resentment; anger; sense of injury or insult)
truculence ◆ benevolencekindness 野蛮 ◆ 仁慈 (例)She took umbrage at his remarks and stormed away in a huff.
truculence ◆ tranquility 好战 ◆ 宁静
(同)belligerent, fierce , barbarous, cruel, fell, ferocious, inhumane uncanny [] adj. 离奇的,奇异的(seeming to have a supernatural character or origin)
(记)truc=truck 卡车 联想:卡车在路上横冲直撞非常凶狠的样子 (反)uncanny ◆ ordinary 离奇的 ◆ 普通的
(同)mysterious ,weird, eerie, spooky, unearthly
trudge [] vt. 跋涉,吃力地走(to walk or march steadily and usually laboriously) (记)注意与canny 精明的,谨慎的没有任何关系。Canny的can理解成“能” 能干的,精明
(类)lug·carry=trudge·walk 拖拉·运送=跋涉·走(前者吃力) 的
(同)plod , plodge, slop, stodge, toil 比较:drudge 苦工 dredge 挖泥船 uncanny的can 谐音为“看”→不能看出来的→离奇的

trumpet [] n. 喇叭,小号(a wind instrument consisting of a conical or cylindrical usually uncouth [] adj. 笨拙的,粗俗的(awkward in appearance, manner, or behavior)
metal tube, a cup-shaped mouthpiece, and a flared bell) (类)uncouth·churl=conspiratorial·conniver
(类)trumpet·horn=tambourine·drum 小号·喇叭=小手鼓·鼓(种属) 粗俗的·粗野的人=阴谋的·阴谋家(正面特征)
(记)比较:triumph胜利 联想:吹起胜利的号角 (反)seemly ◆ uncouth 得体的 ◆ 粗俗的
【注】seemly :conventionally proper :decorous
truncate [] v. 截短(to shorten by or as if by cutting off) (同)coarse , crass, crude, inelegant, raw, rough,vulgar
(类)truncate·extent=simplify·complexity 截短·长度=简化·复杂性(行为对象) (记)un+couth 谐音:酷死=酷毙→并非酷毙→笨拙,粗俗
(反)prolong ◆ truncate 延长 ◆ 截短
(同)top , crop, detruncate, pollard unctuous [] adj. 油质的(fatty, oily);假装热心的(marked by a false earnestness)
(记)trunc=trunk 树干 联想:树干太长需要截断 (类)placebo·innocuous=salve·unctuous 安慰剂·无害的=药膏·油质的(正面特征)
sanctimonious·devoted=unctuous·earnest 假装虔诚的·虔诚的=假装热心的·热
twig [] n.小枝,嫩枝(a small shoot)v.理解 心的
(类)twig·limb=brook·river 小枝·大枝=小溪·江河(大小) (同)fulsome, oily, soapy, unctuous
(记)unct (油膏)+uous→油质的 参考:unction 油膏,安慰物
truss [] n. 构架,托架(a rigid framework, as of wooden beams or metal bars, designed to
support a structure, such as a roof) undergird [ ] v. 加强, 巩固„的底部
(类)ballast·stability=truss·support 压舱物·稳定性=托架·支持(物品作用) (反)undermine 削弱,破坏

(记)gird束缚 参考:girder大梁
tugboat [] n. 拖船(a strongly built powerful boat used for towing and pushing)
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underlying adj. 在下面的, 底层的,基础的,根本的
(例)underlying document 原始文件 underlying structure 底层结构

undermine [] v. 消弱,破坏(to weaken or ruin by degrees)
(反)undermine ◆ reinforce undergird 消弱 ◆ 加强
(同)weaken, attenuate, blunt, cripple, debilitate, disable, enfeeble, sap
(记)under 下面+mine 矿山,挖掘→在下面挖掘→暗中破坏

underscore [] vt. v. 在下划线(underline)强调(to make evident:stress)
(类)underscore·emphasis=brand·o wnership下划线表示强调=烙印商标表明所有权
(反)underscore ◆ deemphasizedownplay 强调 ◆ 轻描淡写
(同)emphasize, feature, italicize, stress, underline
(记)under + score 在下面划线→强调

underdog [] n. 受害者,输家(a victim of injustice or persecution)
(反)underdog ◆ bully 受害者 ◆ 欺凌弱小者
(同)victim , bottom dog, casualty, prey

understudy [] n. 预备演员, 代替之人(one who is prepared to act another's part)
(类)understudy·star=deputy·sheriff 替身·演员=代理·州长(前者代替后者)

understate [] v. 不充分地陈述,轻描淡写地陈述
(反)vaunt ◆ understate 吹嘘 ◆ 保守陈述

understated adj.朴素的,不惹眼的(exhibiting restrained good taste)
(反)bombasticflamboyant ◆ understated 夸大的炫耀的 ◆ 不夸张的,朴素的

undisputable adj. 无可争辩的,毫无疑问的
unexceptionable [] adj. 无懈可击的(not open to criticism·beyond
reproach)
(类)unexceptionable·oppose=unique·precedent 无懈可击无法反对=独一无二没有先
(同)decent, acceptable, adequate, sufficient, unexceptional, unimpeachable
(记)【区分】 unexceptional [] adj. 非例外的,普通的

unfailing adj. 经久不衰的 用不完的,无止息的 可靠的,忠贞不渝的
unflappable [] adj.镇定的,从容不迫的(marked by assurance and self-control)
(类)unflappable·upset=obstinate·persuade 镇定的不易被扰乱=倔强的不易被说服
(反)unflappable ◆ disturbed 镇定的 ◆ 扰乱的
(同)cool , composed, disimpassioned, imperturbable, nonchalant, unruffled

ungainly [] adj.笨拙的,不雅的(lacking in smoothness or dexterity·clumsy)

(类)loquacious·succinct=adroit·ungainly 多话的·简洁的=灵巧的·笨拙的(反义)
(反)ungainly ◆ adroitdexterouslissome 笨拙的 ◆ 灵巧的,机敏的灵巧的敏捷的
(同)clumsy , awkward, lumbering, lumpish
(记)gain 优点,收益→gainly 有优点的,姿态好的→ungainly 笨拙的

unimpeachable [] adj.无可置疑的,无可指责的(not to be called in question)
(反)unimpeachable ◆ open to question 无可置疑的 ◆ 有疑问的
(同)reproachable, blameless, decent, acceptable, adequate, common, satisfactory, sufficient

uninitiated adj. 未入门的,外行的,无经验的
unjustly adv. 不义地,非法的
unkempt [] adj.凌乱的,不整洁的(deficient in order or neatness)
(反)unkempt ◆ dapper 不整洁的 ◆ 整洁的
(同)slovenly, disheveled, ill-kempt, messy, slipshod, sloppy
(记)un(不)kem(谐音:看)→不能看的,没法看的→肮脏凌乱的

unlettered [] adj. 未受教育的,无学问的,文盲的(lacking facility in reading and
writing and
ignorant of the knowledge to be gained from books)
(反)erudite ◆ ignorantsmattering of knowledge unlettered
博学的 ◆ 无知识的知识浅薄的无学问的
(同)ignorant, benighted, empty-headed, illiterate, uninstructed, unschooled,untutored
(记)un+letter 一个字母都不认识→文盲的

unpretentious [] adj. 不炫耀的, 谦逊的(free from ostentation, elegance, or
affectation)
(反)bombastic ◆ unpretentious 夸大的 ◆ 不炫耀的
(同)plain, discreet, inelaborate, modest, unelaborate, unembellished

unproductive [] adj. 徒然的,无效的
(反)effectual ◆ unproductive 有效的 ◆ 无效的
(同)futile, abortive, bootless, ineffective, ineffectual, unavailing, vain

unrequited [] adj. 无报答的,无报酬的(not reciprocated or returned in kind)
(反)remunerative ◆ unrequited 有报酬的 ◆ 无报酬的
(例)unrequited love; 未得回报的爱情;单恋

unruly [] adj.难驾驭的,蛮横的(not readily ruled or managed;presumptuous)
(类)unruly·authority=refractory·change 蛮横的·威信=执拗的·改变(不会产生后者)
(反)subdued ◆ unruly 屈服的 ◆ 难驾驭的
unruly ◆ disciplined 不守规矩的 ◆ 遵守纪律的
(同)indomitable, intractable, recalcitrant, undisciplined, unmanageable, untoward

unsettling v. 令人不安的,扰乱的,使困窘的
(例)unsettling news使人不安的消息

untenable [] adj. 防守不住的,站不住脚的(not able to be defended)
(类)untenable·defense=invu lnerable·injury=inevitable·avoide=incontrovertible ·disputed
防守不住的·防卫=不会受伤害的·伤害=不可避免的·避免=无可争议的·争议
(同)inexcusable, indefensible, inexpiable, unforgivable, unjustifiable

untold [] adj.数不清的,无数的(incalculable, vast)
(类)(countlessinnumerablemyriaduntold)·number=(eve rlasting interminable)·duration
无数的·数目=无休止的·持续 (前者修饰后者)
(反)untold ◆ able to quantifyquantifiablecalculable 数不清的 ◆ 可以计算的
(同)enormous, immense, prodigious, titanic, innumerable, countless, innumerous

untoward [] adj. 不利的,不吉利的(not favorable:adverse, unpropitious)
(反)untoward ◆ auspicious propitious 不利的 ◆ 吉兆的吉利的
untoward ◆ favorable and anticipated 不利的 ◆ 顺利且可以被预见的
untoward ◆ fortunate 事与愿违的 ◆ 幸运的
toward ◆ obdurate 良好的 ◆ 冷酷的
(同)unlucky, hapless, misfortunate, star-crossed, unhappy

unwarranted adj. 无根据的,未获保证的,无保证的,未获承认的
unwitting [] adj. 不知道的,未觉察的(not knowing·unaware)
(反)conscious ◆ unwitting 有意识的 ◆ 未觉察的
(同)ignorant, incognizant, inconversant, unacquainted, unaware, uninformed
(例)he kept the truth from their unwitting friends. 他对不知情的朋友隐瞒真相。

unwonted [] adj. 不习惯的,不寻常的(not accustomed by experience)
(反)habit ◆ unwonted behavior 习惯 ◆ 不习惯
unwonted ◆ usual 不寻常的 ◆ 平常的
(同)exceptional, extraordinary, singular, unimaginable, unique, unusual
(记)来自wont nv习惯 adj. 习惯的
(例)The poor man is wont to complain that this is a cold world
穷人总是抱怨这是个冷酷的世界

unworldly adj. 非世俗的,精神上的,脱俗的 天真的,不谙世故的
upbraid [] vt.(严厉地)谴责,责骂(severely reproach;scold vehemently)
(类)upbraid·disapproval=lament·grief 责骂·不赞成=哀悼·悲痛 (表达)
upbraid·reproach=dote·like 谴责·责备=溺爱·喜欢(程度)
(反)upbraid ◆ laudextol 谴责 ◆ 赞美颂扬
(同)reprimand, scold, berate, lash, rate, revile, vituperate

uphold [] vt.支持,赞成(to support against an opponent )
(反)uphold ◆ abrogate impugnuphold 支持,赞成 ◆ 废除指责
(同)support, advocate, back, champion, side (with)

urbane [] adj.彬彬有礼的,文雅的(notably polite or finished in manner·polished)
(类)urbane·gaucherie=guileless·chicanery 文雅的不笨拙=坦率的不狡辩
(反)urbane ◆ ruderustic 文雅的 ◆ 粗鲁无礼的不世故的
urbanity ◆ artlessness 文雅 ◆ 淳朴
urbanity ◆ oafishness 举止文雅 ◆ 痴呆
(同)genteel, cultivated, cultured, polished, refined, well-bred

usurp [] v. 篡夺, 篡位(to seize or exercise authority or possession wrongfully)
(类)usurp·take=trespass·enter 篡夺·获得=侵入·进入(非法与正常)
(反)usurp ◆ assume rightfully 篡位 ◆ 正当的就职
(同)arrogate , accroach, appropriate, assume, preempt
(记)us(=use 用)+urp(谐音:恶婆)→武则天用恶婆的手段篡夺皇位

usury [] n. 高利贷(lending money at illegal high rates of interest)
(类)usury·interest=gouging·price 高利贷·利息=敲竹杠·价格(诈取后者)
(记)来自use使用 联想:世界是没有免费使用的东西→高利贷

utopian adj. 乌托邦式的,空想不切实际的
utter [] vt. 出声;发表,宣布(pronounce, speak)adj. 绝对的,完全的,十足的(absolute, total)
(类)flit·move=blurt·utter迅速飞过·移动·突然说出·出声(快·正常)
exclaim·utter=flare·shine 大声呼喊·出声=闪耀·发光(大·正常)
(反)circumlocution ◆ pithy uttersutter conciselystraightforward utter 累赘的话 ◆ 简练的

utter ◆ partial 完全的 ◆ 部分的
jest ◆ solemn utterance 玩笑,俏皮话 ◆ 严肃的话
(同)absolute, arrant, complete, sheer, entire
(例)he acted like an utter idiot. 他的行为象一个十足的白痴。

vaccinate [] . 预防接种(to inoculate with cowpox virus to produce
immunity)
(类)soporific·sleep=vaccinating·immunity 催眠的·睡觉=接种的·免疫(促进)

vacillate [] vi. 犹豫不决;摇动,摇摆(waver in opinion;fluctuate;sway to and fro)
(类)impetuou s·vacillationhesitation=bumptious·humbleness
冲动的·踌躇=傲慢的·谦逊(形名反义)
persistence·vacillate=inertia·react 坚持不会犹豫=惰性不会起反应
vacillate·uncertainty=apologize·contrite 犹豫表达不确定=道歉表达后悔
(反)equipoise ◆ vacillate 平衡 ◆ 摇摆
resolute ◆ vacillate 决议 ◆ 犹豫不定
vacillate ◆ resolve firmlystand firm 犹豫不决 ◆ 坚决立场坚定
adamant ◆ vacillating 坚定的 ◆ 犹豫不决的
vacillation ◆ impetuosity pertinacityresolution 踌躇 ◆ 冲动固执决心
vacillation ◆ motionless balance 摇摆不定 ◆ 静止平衡
(同)hesitate, falter, halt, stagger, waver, whiffle

vacuous [] adj.愚蠢的, 空洞的(marked by lack of ideas or intelligence·stupid,
inane)
(反)vacuous ◆ intelligent 愚蠢的 ◆ 聪明的
vacuous ◆ omniscient 空洞的 ◆ 全知的, 无所不知的
vacuity ◆ plentitude 空虚 ◆ 充分
(同)empty, bare, clear, stark, vacant, void

vagrant [  ] adj. 流浪的,漂泊的n.游民
vagary [] n. 奇想,奇特行为(capricious happening; caprice)
(类)vag ary·predict=impossibility·execute=indemonstrable·p rove =diehard·budge
奇特行为·预知=不可能之事·实行=不能证明的·证明=顽固的人·使动摇(难以)
(同 caprice, conceit, fancy, freak, humor, whim

vague [] adj. 含糊的,不清楚的(not thinking or expressing one's thoughts clearly or precisely)
(反)vague ◆ well defined 不清楚的 ◆ 详细说明的
vague ◆ expresstrenchant 含糊的 ◆ 明确的清晰的
(同)obscure, ambiguous, equivocal, opaque, unclear, unexplicit, unintelligible

vainglorious adj. 虚荣的
valediction [] n.告别演说,告别词(an act of bidding farewell)
(类)panegyric·praise=valediction·farewell 颂词·称赞=告别词·辞别(表达含义)
(反)valediction ◆ greeting 告别 ◆ 欢迎
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(记)vale= farewell 告别+dic 说→告别演说

valiant [] adj.勇敢的,有胆量的,英勇的(courageous;heroic)
(反)valiant ◆ pusillanimous 勇敢的 ◆ 胆怯的
(同)audacious, bold, courageous, intrepid, undaunted, valorous

valid [] adj. 正确的(logically correct);有根据的(well-grounded);有效的(effective)
(反)specious ◆ valid 似是而非的 ◆ 有根据的
fallacy ◆ valid argument 谬误 ◆ 正确的论点
(同)cogent, convincing, satisfactory, solid, sound, telling

valorous [  ] adj.勇敢的, 勇武的, 无畏的(valiant)
(记)谐音:沃勒尔—德国足球队教练,以勇猛著称。

vanity n. 自负,自大 虚荣
vanquish [] vt. 打败,征服,克服(to defeat in a conflict or contest)
(类)attack·vanquished=goad·provoked 攻击·被征服的=刺激·被激怒的(结果)
(同)conquer, crush, defeat, overpower, subdue, subjugate

vapid [] adj. 索然无味的,乏味的(lacking liveliness, tang, briskness, or force:flat, dull)
(反)vapid ◆ inventive 乏味的 ◆ 有创造性的
vapid ◆ piquant 乏味的 ◆ 开胃的
vapid ◆ riveting 索然无味的 ◆ 非常动听的
vapid ◆ zesty 无趣的 ◆ 兴致高的
bracing ◆ vapid 令人振奋的 ◆ 索然无味的
(同)insipid, flat, inane, innocuous, jejune, sapless
(记)vapid 谐音 外啤的 联想:外国的啤酒索然无味。
参考:tepid adj. 微温的 联想:泰国啤酒是微温的。

vaporize [] v. 使蒸发(to convert as by the application of heat or by spraying
into vapor)
(类)abraded·friction=vaporized·heat 磨损·摩擦=蒸发·加热(作用及其结果)
(反)vaporization gasification ◆ solidification 汽化 ◆ 固体化
vaporous ◆ substantial 无实质的 ◆ 实质上的
(记)vapor n.水气 v. 蒸发+ize 动词后缀

variance [] n. 变化,差异,不一致(difference, variation)
(反)immutable ◆ variable 不可变的 ◆ 可变的
variance ◆ congruityuniformity 不一致分歧 ◆ 一致
variance ◆ quantity with a fixed value 变量 ◆ 常量

variegation [] n.彩色,变化多样的颜色(the diversity of colors)
(反)variegation ◆ uniform coloration 变化多样的颜色 ◆ 相同的颜色

varnish [] n. 清漆 v. 涂上清漆,使有光泽(to apply varnish to)
(类)glaze·porcelain=varnish·wood=wax·linoleum
上釉·瓷器=上漆·木制品=上蜡·油布(行为作用对象)
varnish·glossy=sand·smooth 涂上清漆·有光泽的=磨砂·平滑的(行为及其作用)

vault [] n. 有拱形天花板的地窖, 金库(a room or compartment for the safekeeping of
valuables)
(类)larder·provisions=vault·valuables 食品室·粮草=金库·贵重物品
(记)来自volve 滚动,转动 参考:Volve 沃尔沃轿车 involve 包括,涉及

vaunt [] v. 自夸(to make a vain display of one's own worth or attainments:brag)
(反)vaunt ◆ self-deprecate downplay humble understate 自夸 ◆ 自贬贬低贬抑保守
的说
vaunting ◆ meek 傲慢的 ◆ 谦恭的
(同)boast, blow, brag, crow, mouth, prate
(记)v(谐音 我)+ aunt(姑姑)→我有个姑姑在美国→自夸

veer [] v.转向,改变(to change direction or course)
(类)veer·direction=convert·belief 转向·方向=改变信仰·信仰(行为及其作用对象)
(反)veer ◆ maintain constant 改变 ◆ 保持不变
(同)turn , avert, deflect, divert, pivot, sheer, whirl

vegetation [  ] n. 植物;呆板的生活
vehement [] adj.(情感)强烈的,热情洋溢的(intensely emotional:impassioned,
fervid)
(反)vehement ◆ languid 热情洋溢的 ◆ 无精打采的
vehement ◆ apathetic (情感)强烈的 ◆ 缺乏感情的
vehement ◆ lull 激烈的 ◆ 使平静
vehement ◆ tepid 激烈的 ◆ 微温的
(同)intense , concentrated, desperate, exquisite, fierce, furious
(例)chinese should have vehement patriotism. 每个中国人都应该有强烈的爱国心。

venal [] adj. 可用钱收买的,贪污受贿的(capable of being bribed; corrupt)
(反)venal ◆ unsusceptible of bribery 贪污受贿的 ◆ 不易受贿赂影响的
venal ◆ incorruptible 贪污的 ◆ 清廉的
(同)bribable, corruptible, mercenary ,purchasable

vendor [] n. 小贩(one that sell especially as a hawker or peddler)自动售货机
(类)vendor·purvey=censor·expurgate 小贩·供应=检查员·修订(正面特征).

veneer [] n.镶面板,饰面(a layer of wood of superior value or excellent grain to be glued to
an inferior wood)
(类)foil·metal=veneer·wood 金属薄片·金属=镶面板·木材
glaze·porcelain=veneer·furnitur e=baseboard·wall 釉·瓷器=饰面·家具=护
壁板·墙壁
(同)mask, cover, disguise, facade, face, veil

venerate [] vt.尊敬,崇拜(regard with reverential respect)
(反)veneration ◆ derisiondisdaindespisescorn 尊敬 ◆ 嘲笑蔑视轻视轻蔑
venerate ◆ contemptdishonor 尊敬 ◆ 蔑视玷辱
(同)revere, adore, reverence, worship

venial [] adj. 可宽恕的(forgivable, pardonable)
(类)venial·excuse=pellucid·understand 可宽恕的·原谅=易懂的·明白(容易关系)
(同)excusable, forgivable, pardonable, remittable

venom [] n. 毒液(poison of an animal);强烈的憎恶或敌意(hatred)
(类)venom·toxin=milk·nutrient 毒液含毒素=牛奶含营养
(同)poison, bane, contagion, virus

venture v. 敢于做(或说),大胆表示
(记)I would venture to guess that „„ 冒昧地猜测„„

veracious [] adj.诚实的,说实话的(truthful, honest)
(反)veracious ◆ fallacious mendacious 诚实的 ◆ 虚假的
mendacity ◆ veracity 虚假,撒谎 ◆ 诚实,说实话

verbatim [] adj. 逐字的,一字不差的,直译的(following the exact words)
(类)paraphrase·verbatim=approximate·precise 意译·直译的=近似·精确的(反面特征)
【注:paraphrase:意译,用其他语句来阐释,改写。】
(反)argot ◆ standard languagecommon verbalism 隐语,暗语 ◆ 标准语言普通地言语
(同)direct, directly, literally, word for word

verbose [] adj. 冗长的,罗嗦的(containing more words than necessary)
(类)verbosity·words=floridness·embellishments 冗长·话=鲜艳·修饰(夸张的)
(反)verbose ◆ concise succinct 冗长的 ◆ 简洁的
verbosity ◆ laconism succinctness 冗赘 ◆ 简洁
(同)wordy, diffuse, prolix, redundant, windy

verdant [] adj. 翠绿的,青翠的(green with growing plants)
(反)verdant ◆ barren sere sterile morbid 翠绿的 ◆ 贫瘠的干枯的贫瘠的病态的

verify [] vt. 校验,查证,证实(to establish the truth, accuracy, or reality of)
(类)plumb·depth=verify·accuracy 用铅锤测量·深度=校验·精确性(动宾关系)
(反)refutation ◆ verification 驳斥 ◆ 确认
unsubstantiated ◆ verified 未经证实的 ◆ 已证实的
verifiable ◆ fallacious 可证实的 ◆ 错误的
(同)confirm, authenticate, corroborate, justify, substantiate, validate

veritable [] adj. 真正的,确实的(not false, unreal, or imaginary)
(反)veritable ◆ specious 真正的 ◆ 似是而非的
(同)authentic, genuine, indubitable, real, undoubted, unquestionable
(例)a veritable mountain of references

verisimilar [] adj. 好象真实的,逼真的(having the appearance of truth :
probable)
(反)verisimilar ◆ implausible 好象真实的,可能的 ◆ 不象真实的,难以置信的
(记)veri 真实+ similar 相似的→似乎真实的

vernacular [] n. 本国语,方言(the standard native language of a country or
locality)
(类)vernacular·place=jargon·profession 方言·地方=行话·行业(事物及其相关对象)
(同)colloquial, vulgar, vulgate
(例)vernacular welsh differs greatly from literary welsh
方言里的威尔士和文学上的威尔士有很大的区别。
(记)源自verna 土生土长的奴隶

versatile [] adj. 多用的,通用的,多才多艺的(having many uses or applications)
(反)versatile ◆ having limited application 多用的 ◆ 用途有限的
versatile ◆ unchangeable 多用途的 ◆ 不变的
(同)adaptable, ambidextrous, mobile, myriad-minded
(例)a versatile artist, who is at home in any medium。一个全能的艺术家,擅长任何媒介。
(记)来自 vers 旋转 联想:到处乱转→全都通的 参考:versed 精通的

verse [  ] n. 诗歌 v. 使精通(to familiarize by study or experience)
(类)footloose·attachment=unversed·familiarity 自由自在的不附属=不精通的不熟悉
(记)verse来自vers 旋转 因为诗歌回环缠绕有韵律因此引申而来 参考:versemonger拙劣诗人
(例)He versed himself in philosophy. 他对于哲学很精通

vertigo [] n. 眩晕(a disordered state in which the individual or the individual's
surroundings seem to whirl dizzily)
(类)hemorrhage·bleeding=vertigo·dizziness 出血·出血=眩晕·眩晕(同义)

verve [] n. 气魄, 神韵;活力, 热情(vivacity;energy;vitality)
(反)verve ◆ listlessness 活力 ◆ 倦怠
verve ◆ lassitude 活力 ◆ 疲乏
list 36 vessel-------- zesty
vessel [] n. 船只,容器,脉管
(类)aqueduct·water=pipeline·gas=vessel·blood 水渠·水=导气管·气体=脉管·血

vestige [] n .遗迹, 痕迹;(用于否定)丝毫;一点儿(the smallest quantity or trace)
(类)vestige·remainder=figurine·statue 小痕迹·残余=小雕像·雕像(小与正常)
(反)vestige ◆ fully developed 退化 ◆ 充分发展
(同)memento, relic, shadow, trace
(例)it is valuable to dig for the vestiges of past civilizations. 挖掘古代文明的遗迹很有价值。
without a vestige of clothing 一丝不挂

vestigial [] adj. 退化的,发育不全的(small and degenerate or imperfectly
developed)
(反)vestigial ◆ fully developed 发育不全的 ◆ 充分发展的

veteran [] n. 老兵,老手(an old soldier of long service)adj. 经验丰富的
(类)cadet·veteran=tadpole·frog 军官学校学生·老兵=蝌蚪·青蛙(年轻与成熟)
(同)experienced, old, practical, practiced, skilled, versed
(记)来自veter(= old)参考: inveterate根深蒂固的

veto [] vt. n. 否决,禁止(to refuse to admit or approve:prohibit)
(类)veto·prohibitive=overture·introductory 禁止·禁止的=序曲·开端的 (名形同义)
(反)veto ◆ consent 否决 ◆ 同意

vex [] vt.使烦恼,使恼怒(to bring trouble, distress, or agitation to)
(类)dracon ian·inclemency=fret·vexation严峻的·严酷=烦恼·烦恼 (同义)
(反)vex ◆ pacify placate appease conciliate mollify soothe
使烦恼 ◆ 使平静使平息安抚安慰安抚安慰
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(例)the comic impact is vitiated by obvious haste. 喜剧效果被显然的匆忙削弱了。

vitrify [] v. 使成玻璃状(to convert into a glassy substance by heat and fusion)
(类)tarnish·dull=vitrify·smooth 使失去光泽·阴暗的=使变成玻璃·平滑的(结果)
viable [] adj. 能养活的,能生育的(capable of living)
(类)elastic·expand=viable·live 弹性的·张开=能养活的·存活(因果关系) vitriolic [] adj.刻薄的;硫酸的(bitterly scathing; caustic)
(反)viability ◆ inability to live 生存能力 ◆ 不能存活的 (反)vitriolic ◆ soothing 刻薄的 ◆ 抚慰的
(同)possible, feasible, practicable, workable
vituperate [] vt. 谩骂, 责骂(to abuse or censure severely or abusively:berate)
vicarious [] adj. 代理的,取代的(performed or suffered by one person as a (类)lionize·admire=vituperate·despise 捧人·赞美=谩骂·轻视(情感表达)
substitute (反)vituperate ◆ admire praise 责骂 ◆ 赞赏
for another or to the benefit or advantage of another:substitutionary) vituperative ◆ adulatorycomplimentary 辱骂的 ◆ 奉承的称赞的
(反)vicarious ◆ firsthand 代理的 ◆ 直接的 (同)scold , berate, lash, rail, rate, revile, upbraid

vicious [] adj. 邪恶的,堕落的(having the nature or quality of vice or immorality:depraved) vivacious [] adj. 活泼的,快活的(lively in temper, conduct, or spirit:sprightly)
(反)benignant ◆ vicious 仁慈的 ◆ 邪恶的 (反)vivacious ◆ languid phlegmatic 活泼的 ◆ 疲倦的无活力的
(同)wrong, evil, immoral, iniquitous, reprobate, sinful, wicked
vociferous [] adj. 喧哗的,大叫大嚷的(marked by vehement insistent outcry)
vicissitude [] n. 自然变化,(人事)变迁兴衰(natural change or mutation (反)vociferous ◆ monotonereticentserenity 喧哗的 ◆ 单调的沉默的安静的
visible in (同)vociferous, clamorous, blatant, strident, boisterous, obstreperous
nature or in human affairs) (例)vociferous cries of protest and outrage convulsed the whole city.
(反)vicissitudinous ◆ immutable unchanging 有变化的 ◆ 不变的 抗议、愤怒的大肆喧哗的哭喊声震撼了整个城市。
(同)change, innovation, mutation, novelty
(例)the novel described the vicissitudes of daily life. 这部小说描述了日常生活的变迁兴衰。 volatile [] adj. 反复无常的,易变的(inconstant; fickle)
(类)craven·heroic=volatile·constant 怯懦的·英勇的=易变的·不变的(反义)
victimize [] v.使受骗,牺牲(to subject to deception or fraud:cheat) volatile·temper=ready·wit 反复无常的·脾气=自发的·妙语(形修饰名)
(反)victimize ◆ treat fairly 使受骗 ◆ 公平对待 volatile·evaporate=soluble·dissolve 挥发性的·使蒸发=可溶解的·溶解(容
(同)dupe, bamboozle, fool, gull, hoax, hoodwink, pigeon, trick 易)

(反)volatile ◆ constantstable 反复无常的 ◆ 不变的稳定的
vigilant [] adj. 警醒的,警惕的(alertly watchful especially to avoid danger) imperturbability ◆ volatility 冷静 ◆ 易变

(类)vigilant·entrapped=wary·gulled 警惕的· 被骗的的=机警的·受骗的(反义) volition [] n.行使意志,决择(an act of making a choice or decision)
vigilant·waylaid=wary·duped 警惕的·被埋伏的·机警的·被欺骗的(反义) (反)volition ◆ inability to choose inability to select 决择 ◆ 无法抉择
(反)vigilant ◆ negligible oblivious supine unalert(干扰:gullible易受骗的)
警醒的 ◆ 易受骗的不予重视的不知不觉的懒散的不警惕的 voluble [] adj. 健谈的,流利的(glib, fluent);爱说话的,多话的(talkative)
(MW)Contrasted Words lax, neglectful, negligent, remiss, slack; forgetful, oblivious, unmindful (类)voluble·verbosity=licentious·dissoluteness 多话的·冗长=放肆的·放荡(名形
同义)
vignette [] n.(戏剧或电影中的)小插曲(a brief incident or scene as in a play or movie) maladroit·deft=voluble·terse 笨拙的·灵巧的=多话的·简短的(反义)
(类)vignette·scene=skit·drama 小插曲·情景=小喜剧·戏剧 (小与正常) audacious·trepidation=laconic·volubility 大胆的·胆怯=简洁的·冗长(形名反
义)
vigorous [] n. 精力旺盛的,健壮的(full of physical or mental strength or active force) (反)voluble ◆ taciturnlaconicsuccinctreticent 口若悬河的 ◆ 沉默的简洁的简洁的沉
(反)decrepit ◆ vigorous 衰老的 ◆ 精力旺盛的 默的
(记)vigor(精力,活力的)的形容词 volubility ◆ taciturnity 口若悬河 ◆ 沉默寡言
(同)glib, vocative, fluent;talkative
vilify [] vt.诽谤, 辱骂(to utter slanderous and abusive statements against:defame)
(反)extol ◆ vilify 赞美 ◆ 辱骂 voluminous [] adj. 卷数多的,大量的,庞大的(having or marked by great volume or
vilify ◆ honor 贬低 ◆ 尊敬 bulk)
vilification ◆ beautification 污蔑 ◆ 美化 (反)voluminous ◆ scanty scarce 大量的 ◆ 缺乏的缺乏的
(例)she tried to keep track of voluminous slips of paper for dependable testimony.
vim [] n. 活力,精力(robust energy and enthusiasm) 为了寻找可靠的证据,她竭力去了解大量成堆的文件。
(反)lassitude ◆ vimanimation 疲乏 ◆ 活力有生气 (同)large;full;numerous

vindicate [] vt. 为„平反,为„辩护(to free from allegation or blame) voluptuous [] adj.奢侈逸乐的,沉溺酒色的,撩人的(given to or spent in enjoyments
(反)vindicate ◆ confirm guilt calumniate impugn 辩护 ◆ 定罪诽谤责难 of luxury, pleasure, or sensual gratifications)
(反)voluptuary ◆ ascetic 酒色之徒 ◆ 苦行者
vindictive [] adj.复仇的(有寻仇倾向的)(disposed to seek revenge:vengeful) voluptuous ◆ spartan self constrained self denying
(类)mercenary·money=vindictive·revenge 唯利是图的追求金钱=复仇心重的追求报仇 沉溺酒色的 ◆ 节俭的自我约束的克己的
(同)sensuous, epicurean, luscious, lush, luxurious, sensual
virtuoso [] n. 艺术鉴赏家,大师,专家(an experimenter in the arts and (例) a voluptuous dance;voluptuous ornamentation
sciences:savant)
(类)virtuoso·skill=potentate·power 艺术名鉴赏家·技能=当权者·权力(前者具备后者) voracious [] adj.贪婪的,狼吞虎咽的(insatiable;having a huge appetite)
(反)virtuoso ◆ beginnermediocrity 大师 ◆ 初学者平庸之才 (类)impassive·perturb=voracious·satisfy 冷漠的·扰乱=贪婪的·满足(不容易被)
(同)expert, artist, artiste, authority,dabster, master (反)voracity ◆ lack of appetite 狼吞虎咽的 ◆ 没有食欲的
(例)the politician is known as a virtuoso at public relations. 这位政客是著名的公共关系专家。 (同)edacious, gluttonous, rapacious, ravening, ravenous
(例)the wolverine is an extremely voracious eater。 狼獾是一种非常贪吃的动物。
virtuous [] adj. 品德高尚的,正直的(morally excellent:righteous)
(类)doldrums·energy=depravity·virtue 消沉·精力=堕落·美德(缺乏) votary [] n. 热心者,崇拜者,信徒(enthusiast, devotee;a devout or zealous worshiper)
(反)virtuous ◆ basenefarious 品德高尚的 ◆ 卑鄙的穷凶极恶的 (反)votary ◆ skeptic 崇拜者 ◆ 怀疑者
votary ◆ reactionary 信徒 ◆ 反动分子
virulent [] adj. 有毒的,有害的
(反)virulent ◆ salubrious 有毒的 ◆ 有益健康的 vouch [] vi. 担保,证明(to summon into court to warrant or defend a title)
(记)来自virus 病毒 (反)vouch ◆ refuse to guarantee 担保 ◆ 拒绝担保

visceral [] a. 内心深处的,内脏的 vulgar [] adj. 粗俗的,无教养的,通俗的(lacking in cultivation, perception, or taste:coarse)
viscid [] adj. 粘滞的,粘性的(having a glutinous consistency:viscous)
(反)viscid ◆ slick 粘滞的 ◆ 光滑的 (类)genteel gentle·vulgarity=intrepid·fear 优雅的·粗俗=无畏的·害怕(形名反义)
(例)they reject the vulgar conception of miracle. 他们否定了奇迹的这种不同的概念。
viscous [] adj.粘滞的,粘性(having a glutinous consistency:viscid)
(反)glutinous ◆ non viscous 粘性的 ◆ 没粘性的 vulnerable [] adj.易受攻击的, 易受责难的(open to attack or damage:assailable)
(反)vulnerable ◆ safe 易受攻击的 ◆ 安全的
visionary [] adj. 幻影的(illusory),空想的(utopian)
(类)visionary·idealistic=officious·obliging waddle [] vi. 摇摇摆摆地走,蹒跚
空想不切实际的·理想主义的=好管闲事的·热于助人的(褒贬) (类)slither·snake=waddle·duck 滑动·蛇=摇摇摆摆·鸭子(动物特征动作)
【注】visionary :Not practicable or realizable; utopian: 不切实际的;乌托邦的 (记)来自 wade v. 跋涉,费力地走
miscreant·criminal=visionary·delusion 罪恶的·罪犯=幻影的·幻觉(正面特征)
(例) a visionary scheme for job 不切实际的工作计划 waffle [] vi. 闲聊,胡扯(to talk or write foolishly:blather)
(类)waffle·enunciate=embed·disinter 胡扯·阐明=嵌入·掘出(反义)
vista [  ] n远景;展望;回顾 (反)waffle ◆ insist harshlyspeak unequivocally 胡扯 ◆ 严厉地强调清晰地表述
vitality [] n. 活力,生命力(capacity to live and develop)
(类)atten uate·thickness=enervate·vitality=debase·value waft [] v.吹送, 飘荡(to move or go lightly on or as if on a buoyant medium)
稀释·浓度=使虚弱·活力=贬低·价值(行为及其作用对象) (类)waft·plummet=meander·dash 飘荡·垂直下落=蜿蜒而流·猛冲(程度)
dehydrate·water=wither·vitality 脱水·水=使凋谢·生命力(行为及其作用对象)
(反)arrest ◆ vitalize 阻止 ◆ 激发(生长) wag [] n. 爱说笑话的人,诙谐的人,机智的人(wit, joker)
vitality ◆ enervation 活力 ◆ 虚弱 (类)hum orous·wag=ludicrous·buffoon=dissolute·libertine= stupid·dolt
vitality ◆ soporific 活力 ◆ 使人昏昏沉沉的东西 滑稽的·小丑=可笑的·小丑=放荡的·放荡不羁者=愚蠢的·笨蛋(人物性格特征)
(例)a gay young wag, always full of fun. 一位快乐的爱说笑打趣的年轻人,总是妙趣横生。
vitiate [] v. 消弱,损害(to make faulty or defective:impair) (派)waggish adj. 滑稽的,幽默的
(反)vitiate ◆ fortifystrengthen 消弱 ◆ 增强加强
(同)debased, corrupted, depraved, perverted, vitiated wan [] adj.苍白的,病态的, 暗淡的(suggestive of poor health·sickly, pallid)
vex ◆ unable to incite 烦惹 ◆ 不会烦人
vexation ◆ conciliation placation 烦恼 ◆ 抚慰安抚
(同)annoy, abrade, bother, fret, gall, irk, provoke
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(反)wan ◆ hale 病态的 ◆ 健壮的
wan ◆ rubicund 苍白的 ◆ 面色红润的

wanderlust [] n.旅行癖, 流浪癖(strong longing for or impulse toward wandering)
(类)curiosity·know=wanderlust·travel 好奇就想知道=旅行癖就想旅行

wane [] vi.减少,衰退 (dwindle;to fall gradually from power, prosperity, or influence)
(反)verve ◆ listlessness 活力 ◆ 倦怠
resurgence ◆ waning vitally 苏醒 ◆ 衰退
burgeoning ◆ waning 迅速生长的 ◆ 慢慢衰落
escalate ◆ wane 逐步增强 ◆ 逐渐衰退
wane ◆ intensify 减弱 ◆ 增强
(同)abate , die (down or away), ebb, moderate, slacken, subside

want [] n. 短缺,贫困(extreme poverty that deprives one of the necessities of life)
(反)repletion ◆ want 充满 ◆ 短缺

wardrobe [] n. 衣室,衣橱(a room or closet where clothes are kept:clothespress)
(类)wardrobe·clothes=bookcase·books=larder·food
衣柜·衣服=书柜·书=食物柜·食物(事物及其存储场所)

warmonger [] n. 好战者, 战争贩子(one who urges or attempts to stir up war)
(反)warmonger jingoist ◆ dovepacifist
好战者侵略主义者 ◆ 鸽派人物(主张和平调解或谈判)和平者

warp [] v.弯曲,翘起(to twist or bend out of a plane)
(反)aligned ◆ warped 排成直线的 ◆ 弯曲的
(同)deform, contort, distort, misshape, torture, wind

warrant [] vt. 担证,使有正当理由(to guarantee to a person good title to and
undisturbed possession of as an estate)
(反)gratuitous ◆ warranted merited 免费的,无理由的 ◆ 有正当理由的应得的

wary [] adj. 小心的,机警的,谨慎的(very cautious; watchful)
(类)vigilant·waylaid=wary·duped 警惕的·被埋伏·机警的·被欺骗(反面特征)
wary·gulled=vigilant·ambushed 小心的·受骗的=警惕的·被埋伏的
(反)remiss ◆ scrupulous wary 不留心的,玩忽职守的 ◆ 小心谨慎的 机警的

wastrel [] n. 败家子,挥霍无度的人(one who dissipates resources self-indulgently)
(类)inexperience·ne ophyte=irresponsibility·wastrel
无经验·新手=无责任·败家子(正面特征)

watershed [] n. 分水岭,重要关头,转折点(a crucial dividing point:turning point)
(反)watershed ◆ routine 重要关头 ◆ 日常事务

wax [] vi. 增大,增强,月亮渐满(to increase in phase or intensity ,used chiefly of the
moon, other satellites, and inferior planets)
(反)wax ◆ decreasewaste away 增大 ◆ 减少
flag ◆ wax 衰退 ◆ 增强
wax ◆ wan 月亮渐满 ◆ 月亮渐亏

waylay [] vt.埋伏, 伏击, 抢劫(to lie in wait for or attack from ambush)
(类)vigilant·waylaid=wary·duped 警惕的不容易被伏击=机警的不容易被欺骗
watchful·waylaid=cunning·gulled 警惕的·被埋伏=狡猾的·被骗 (反面特征)

weird [  ] adj. 怪异的, 超自然的;神秘的, 不可思议的
welter [] n. 混乱;杂乱(a chaotic mass or jumble)
(反)welter ◆ orderly arrangement 乱七八糟 ◆ 井然有序
(例)I have just cleared up a bewildering welter of data saved in my computer.
我刚整理了保存在我电脑里的很难处理的杂乱无章的数据。

wheedle [] vt. (用花言巧语)诱惑,哄骗(to influence or entice by soft words or
flattery)
(类)wheedle·cajolery=extort·coercion 哄骗·诱骗=敲诈·强迫 (同义)
(同)coax, banter, blandish, cajole, soft-soap, sweet-talk,

whet [] vt. 磨快,使兴奋,刺激(to make keen or more acute:excite, stimulate)
(反)blunt ◆ whet 变钝 ◆ 磨快
whet ◆ dull 使更敏锐 ◆ 使迟钝
(同)sharpen, edge, hone,sharp

whiff [] n. 轻吹(a quick puff or slight gust especially of air, odor, gas, smoke, or spray)
(类)blast·whiff=gush·trickle 一阵风·微风=涌出·滴流 (程度)

whimsical [] adj.古怪的,反复无常的,异想天开的(resulting from or characterized
by
whim or caprice; especially:lightly fanciful)
(类)caprice·whimsi cal=stealth·furtive=insight·discerning
反复无常·反复无常的=偷偷行动·偷偷地=洞察力·有辨别能力的(名形同义)
mercurial·mood=whimsical·behavior 善变的·情绪=易变的·行为(前者修饰后者)
(同)arbitrary, capricious, erratic, vagarious

wholesome [] adj. 有益健康的(promoting health or well-being of spirit,body or morals)
(反)wholesomeness ◆ decadencetaint 健康 ◆ 颓废污点
wholesome ◆ deleteriousinsalubriousnoxious 有益健康的 ◆ 有害的
wholesome ◆ morbidtainted 健康的 ◆ 病态的有污点的
sordid ◆ wholesome 肮脏的 ◆ 卫生的
(同)healthful, hygienic, salubrious, salutary

wickedness [] n.邪恶, 不道德(the quality or state of being morally very bad)
(类)nefarious·wickedness=generous·liberality 极恶的·邪恶=宽大的·宽大
(同)evil, sin, wrong

wince [] v. 避开,畏缩(to shrink back involuntarily as from pain)
(类)wince·pain=smil e·pleasure=pout·displeasure=sneer·contempt
畏缩·疼痛=微笑·高兴=撅嘴·不高兴=嘲笑·轻视(前者表达后者)
(同)recoil, blanch, blench, flinch, quail, shrink

windbag [] n.饶舌之人,好说话的人(an exhaustively talkative person)
(反)windbag ◆ taciturnity 好说话的人 ◆ 沉默寡言

windy [] adj. 冗长的,吹嘘的(verbose, bombastic)
(类)windy·concise=hackneyed·original 冗长的·简洁的·陈腐的·有创意的(反义)

winnow [] v.把(谷壳)吹掉,扬去(to remove (as chaff) by a current of air)
(类)winnow·chaff =filter·impurities 扬谷·谷壳=过滤·杂质(消除关系)
winnow·grain =purify·water=refine·oil 扬谷·谷物=净化·水=精炼·油(提纯)


winsome [] adj.媚人的,漂亮的(generally pleasing and engaging often because of a
childlike charm and innocence)
(反)winsome ◆ unprepossessingrepelling 迷人的 ◆ 不吸引人的使人讨厌的
(同)sweet, dulcet, engaging, winning,entrancing

wistful [  ] adj. 渴望的
wit [] n. 机智(mental capability and resourcefulness:ingenuity)智者,妙语
(类)volatile·temper=ready·wit 反复无常的·脾气=自发的·妙语 (形修饰名)
【注:a ready wit 脱口而出的妙语】
(反)wit ◆ dullard 智者 ◆ 愚人

withdraw [] vi. 撤退,隐遁(to take back or away)
(类)roisterer·carouse=recluse·withdraw 闹饮者·痛饮=隐遁者·隐遁 (正面特征)
(反)press ◆ withdrawal 推进 ◆ 撤退
issue ◆ withdraw 发出 ◆ 撤销(干扰:withhold抑制)

wither [] v.枯萎,凋谢(to become dry and sapless; especially ·to shrivel from or as if from
loss of bodily moisture)
(类)dehydrate·water=wither·vitality 脱水·水=使凋谢·生命力(行为及其作用对象)
(反)wither ◆ burgeonrevive 枯萎 ◆ 萌芽复活
(同)shrivel, welter, wilt, wizen

withhold [] vt. 压制,拒给,不允许(to refrain from granting, giving, or allowing)
(反)withhold ◆ grant 拒给 ◆ 授予
proffer ◆ withhold 提供 ◆ 拒给

wizen [] v.(使)凋谢,(使)枯萎 (to become dry, shrunken, and wrinkled often as a result
of aging or of failing vitality) adj. 凋谢的, 枯萎的
(反)wizenwizened ◆ blooming 枯萎的 ◆ 盛开的
wizen ◆ thrive 枯萎 ◆ 繁荣
(同)wither, shrivel, welter, wilt

wobble [] vi. 摇晃,动摇,不稳定,犹豫(to move or proceed with an irregular rocking or
staggering motion or unsteadily and clumsily from side to side tremble, quaver)

(反)wobble ◆ stabilize 不稳定 ◆ 稳定

woo [] v. 求爱(to sue for the affection of and usually marriage with·court)
(类)woo·adore=adulate·fawn 爱·崇拜=阿谀·奉承(程度)

worldly [] adj. 世间的,世俗的(of this world rather than religion or spiritual affairs)老练

(反)worldly ◆ naïve 老练的 ◆ 天真的
worldly ◆spiritual 世俗的 ◆ 精神的(干扰:singular)
【注意区别 worldly 和mundane; worldly并无“普通的”的义项;而mundane有
所以mundane◆singular正确;而worldly◆singular错误】

worship [] n. 崇拜,礼拜,尊敬(extravagant respect to an object of esteem)
(类)worship·sacrifice=prediction·augury 崇拜·供奉=预言·占卜(后者表达前者)

wrangler [] n. 争论者,牧马者(a ranch hand who takes care of the saddle horses)
(类)lariat·wrangler=crook·shepherd 套索·牧马人=牧杖·牧羊人 (工具)

wretched [] adj.可怜的, 沮丧的(deeply afflicted, dejected, or distressed in body or mind)
(反)elation ◆ wretchedness 兴高采烈 ◆ 沮丧
(同)woeful , afflicted, doleful, dolorous, miserable, rueful, sorrowful

wrought [  ] v. 精心制作 adj. 做成的, 形成的, 精炼的
(例)The watch was wrought with great skill. 这座钟制作极为精巧.

wry [] adj. 扭曲的(having a bent shape)讽刺的(cleverly and often ironically humorous)
(反)even 平的 straight 直的 true正确的 directly 直接地 undeviating不偏离的

yoke [] vt. 给„上轭,连接,结合(to join as if by a yoke)
(反)yoke ◆ sunder 连接 ◆ 分离

yokel [] n.庄稼汉, 乡下人(a naive or gullible inhabitant of a rural area or small town)
(类)yokel·sophistication=coward·courage 乡下人·诡辩=胆小鬼·勇气(缺乏)

zeal [] n. 热心,热诚(eagerness and ardent interest in pursuit of something:fervor)
(类)zealous·enthusiastic=idolatrous·devoted 热心的·热情的=偶像崇拜的·投入的(同
义)
zeal·dedication=mesmerism·interest 热衷·致力=着迷·兴趣 (程度)
devoted·zealous=careful·fastidious 投入的·热情的=仔细的·挑剔的(程度)
(反)zeal ◆ torpor indifference 热情 ◆ 麻木 冷漠
zealotry ◆ lack of fervor 狂热行为 ◆ 缺乏热情

zealot [  ] n. 狂热者(a zealous person;especially: a fanatical partisan)
(类)fervor·zealot=improvidence·spendthrift 热情·狂热者=浪费·挥霍者(正面特征)

zenith [] n. 顶点, 天顶, 最高点(the highest point reached in the heavens by a celestial
body)
(反)zenith ◆ lawest point nadir 最高点 ◆ 最低点
(同)apex , acme, apogee, climax, culmination, peak, pinnacle, summit

zesty [i] adj.热望的(having or characterized by keen enjoyment)
(反)zesty ◆ vapid bland 热望的 ◆ 索然乏味的 温和的
(同)pungent, peppery, piquant, poignant, snappy

- 84 - - 84 -


85 蓝宝GRE笔考词汇突破核心词汇 蓝宝GRE笔考词汇突破核心词汇
] n. Z字型路线(a line or course that proceeds by sharp turns in alternating
montage·images = medley·songs=zigzag·turns
画面剪辑·图像 = 混成曲·歌曲= Z字型路线·转弯
- 85 - - 85 -
85
zigzag [
directions)
(类)

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