大寒吃什么-毕业自我鉴定

GMAT作文模板100篇
【篇一：gmat作文范例】



360教育集团介绍，在gmat作文的备考过程中，考生需要在大量
的练习中不断提升自己 的逻辑思维能力和语言表达能力，并通过参
照模板来改进gmat作文的写作方式，以达到提高gmat 作文写作水
平的目的。下面就来为大家提供一些gmat作文的点评以及范例。

题目：

10. the following appeared in the editorial section of a local
newspaper:

“this past winter, 200 students from waymarsh state college
traveled to the state capitol building to protest against

proposed cuts in funding for various state college programs.
the other 12,000 waymarsh students evidently weren’t

so concerned about their education: they either stayed on
campus or left for winter break. since the group who did

not protest is far more numerous, it is more representative of
the state’s college students than are the protesters.

therefore the state legislature need not heed the appeals of
the protesting students.”逻辑漏洞：

1. 文中说 另外12000学生对他们的教育不感兴趣，因为他们没参加
游行，躲在学校或放假去了。他们不参加游 行不等于对教育不感兴
趣，也许是有其他事情没法参加，或者是认为太多人游行不好管理，
就派 代表。

2. 文中说不参加游行的人数远多于参加的人数，所以protester的意见只代表一小部分人。这个没有直接关系，也许protester正是由
所有学生选出来的代表 ，他们的意见就是全体学生的意见。

3.游行的人也许是部分学校部分专业的学生，没有整体代表性。

sample:

based on the fact that the group who did not protest is far
more numerous than the group who did protest, the author
concludes that the state legislature need not heed the appeals
of the protesting students. to reach this conclusion, the author
cites the number of both the students who did protest and
those who did not protest. on the first sight, the author’s
reasoning seems convincing, but after further reflection, i
found that it is illogically problematic in three aspects.

first, the author concludes that the 12,000 students weren’t so
concerned about their education because they either stayed on
campus or left for winter break. but this may not be the

truth. the students who did not travel to the state capital
building to protest were not necessarily indifferent about the
protest. for example, they may be eager to participate the
activity, but they were not very well during those days, or they
had such important things to do as taking exams or having
interviews. in such conditions, these students who either
stayed on campus or left for winter break had to get
information about the protest from mass media such as radio,
magazine, newspaper, television, or the internet. without
giving the reason of these students for not going to protest,
one can not draw the conclusion that they did not care the
protest.

second, the author states that the group who did not protest is
more representative than are the protesters. while, this is not
the case if the protesters are the representatives of the
students who did not protest. a protest which too many people
take part in is hard to organize. to ensure that the protest is
well- organized and reaches its original goals, fewer people is
needed.

third, the author cites the case in waymarsh state college to
buttress the statement that the state legislature need not heed
the appeals of the protesting students. but the issue is relevant
to all the colleges through the state. so the situation in
waymarsh state college is not representative of several
colleges. that few students in waymarsh state college traveled
to protest could be caused by the fact that few students in
waymarsh state college take the programs which will undergo
the proposed cuts in funding. this situation is not necessarily
applicable to other colleges. without illustrating the
representativeness of the example he cites, the author can not
use a specific case to draw a general conclusion.

in conclusion, the author’s reasoning is flawed. the students
who did not protest are not necessarily unconcerned about
their education, the group who did not protest is not
necessarily more representative than are the protesters, and
the example in waymarsh state college is not necessarily
representative of all the colleges and universities in the state.

to reach his conclusion, the author should investigate why the
other 12,000 students did not protest and how the cases were
in other colleges.

【篇二：gmat作文黄金80题范文】


[分享]gmat作文黄金80题范文

gmat作文黄金80题范文

一．analysis of issue questions

2. ―it is uealistic to expect individual nations to make,
independently, the sacrifices necessary to

conserve energy. international leadership and worldwide
cooperation are essential if we expect to protect the world‘s
energy resources for future generations.‖

the speaker asserts that an international effort is needed to
preserve the world’s energy resources for future generations.
while individual nations, like people, are at times willing to
make voluntary sacrifices for the benefit of others, my view is
that international coordination is nevertheless necessary in
light of the strong propensity of nations to act selfishly, and
because the problem is international in scope.

the main reason why an international effort is necessary is
that, left to their own devices, individual nations, like people,
will act according to their short-term motives and self-interest.
the mere existence of military weapons indicates that self-
interest and national survival are every nation’s prime drivers.
and excessive consumption by industrialized nations of
natural resources they know to be finite, when alternatives are
at hand demonstrates that self-interest and short-sightedness
extend to the use of energy resources as well. furthermore,
nations, like people, tend to rationalize their own self-serving
policies and actions. emerging nations might argue, for
example, that they should be exempt from energy conservation
because it is the industrialized nations who can better afford to
make sacrifices and who use more resources in the first place.

another reason why an international effort is required is that
other problems of an international nature have also required
global cooperation. for example, has each nation
independently recognized the folly of nuclear weapons
proliferation and voluntarily disarmed? no: only by way of an
international effort, based largely on coercion of strong

leaders against detractors, along with an appeal to self-interest,
have we made some progress. by the same token, efforts of
individual nations to thwart international drug trafficking have
proven largely futile, because efforts have not been
internationally based. similarly, the problem of energy
conservation transcends national borders in that either all
nations must cooperate, or all will ultimately suffer.

in conclusion, nations are made up of individuals who, when
left unconstrained, tend to act in their own self-interest and
with short-ter

m motives. in light of how we have dealt, or not dealt, with
other global problems, it appears that an international effort is
needed to ensure the preservation of natural resources for
future generations.

3. ―corporations and other businesses should try to eliminate
the many ranks and salary grades that

classify employees according to their experience and
expertise. a ?flat‘ organizational structure is more likely to
encourage collegiality and cooperation among employees.‖

which is a better way to classify and reward employees of a
business: a “flat” organizational structure or a hierarchical
structure? the speaker prefers a “flat” structure in which
distinctions between employees based on education or
experience are not used as a basis for monetary rewards. i
strongly disagree with the speaker’s view, for two reasons.

in the first place, the speaker’s preference for a “flat”
structure is based upon the claim that cooperation and
collegiality among employees is more likely under this system
than under a hierarchical one. however, this claim ignores our
everyday experience in human interaction. disagreements
among coworkers are inevitable. without a clear authoritative
figure to resolve them and to make final decisions, disputes
are more likely to go uesolved and

even worsen, thereby undermining cooperation, congeniality
and, ultimately, productivity and profit.

in the second place, whether or not collegiality and
cooperation are best fostered by a flat organizational structure
is beside the point. my main reason for rejecting an
organizational structure that does not distinguish workers in
terms of their abilities or experience is that under such a

system workers have little incentive to improve their skills,
accomplish their work- related goals, or assume responsibility
for the completion of their assigned tasks. in my experience,
human motivation is such that without enticements such as
money, status or recognition, few people would accomplish
anything of value or assume responsibility for any task. a flat
system actually might provide a distinct disincentive for
productivity and efficiency insofar as workers are not held
accountable for the quality or quantity of their work. by
ignoring human nature, then, a company may be harming itself
by encouraging laziness and complacency.

in sum, the speaker’s opinion that a “flat” organizational
structure is the best way to promote collegiality and
cooperation among employees runs counter to the common
sense about how people act in a work environment, and in any
case provides a feeble rationale for the preference of one
organizational structure over another.

9. ―employees should keep their private lives and personal
activities as separate as possible from

the workplace.‖

should employees leave their personal lives entirely behind
them when they enter the workplace, as the speaker suggests
here? while i agree that employees should not allow their
personal lives to interfere with their jobs, the speaker fails to
consider that integrating personal life with work can foster a
workplace ambiance that helps everyone do a better job,
thereby promoting success for the organization.

engaging coworkers in occasional conversation about
personal interests and activities can help build collegiality
among coworkers that adds to their sense of common purpose
on the job. managers would be well advised to participate in
and perhaps even plan the sharing of personal information—as
a leadership tool as well as a morale booster. an employee
feels valued when the boss takes time to ask about the
employee’s family or recent vacation. the employee, in turn, is
likely to be more loyal to and cooperative with the boss.
company- sponsored social events—picnics, parties,
excursions, and so forth—also help to produce greater
cohesiveness in an organization, by providing opportunities

for employees to bond with one another in ways that translate
into better working relationships.

admittedly, employees should guard against allowing their
personal life to impinge upon their job performance or intrude
on coworkers. excessive chatting about non-business topics,
frequent personal telephone calls, and the like, are always
distracting. and romances between coworkers are best kept
confidential, at least to the extent they disrupt work or
demoralize or offend other employees. by the same token,
however, employees who are too aloof—sharing nothing
personal with others—may be resented by coworkers who
perceive them as arrogant, unfriendly, or uncooperative. the ill-
will and lack of communication that is likely to result may
ultimately harm the organization.

in the final analysis, employees should strike a careful
balance when they mix their personal lives with their jobs.
although there are some circumstances in which bringing
one’s personal life to the job may be counterproductive, for
many reasons it is a good idea to inject small doses of
personal life into the workplace.

11. ―when someone achieves greatness in any field — such
as the arts, science, politics, or business

— that person‘s achievements are more important than any of
his or her personal faults.‖

perhaps in some instances the personal failings of great
achievers are unimportant relative to the achievements. in
many cases, however, the relative significance of personal
failings can be very great, depending on two factors: (1)

the extent to which the failing is part of the achievement
process itself, and (2) the societal impact of the achiever’s
failing apart from his or her own success.

personal failings and achievement are often symbiotically
related. the former test the would-be achiever’s mettle; they
pose challenges—necessary resistance that drives one to
achieve despite the shortcoming. personal failings may also
compel one to focus on one’s strengths, thereby spawning
achievement. for example, poor academic or job performance
may propel a gifted entrepreneur to start his or her own
business. in the arts, a personal failing may be a necessary
ingredient or integral part of the process of achieving. artists

and musicians often produce their most creative works during
periods of depression, addiction, or other distress. in business,
insensitivity to the “human” costs of success has bred grand
achievements, as with the questionable labor practices of the
great philanthropist andrew carnegie.

a second type of personal failing is one that is uelated to the
achievement. modern politics is replete with examples: the
marital indiscretions of the great leader john f. kennedy and
the paranoia of the great statesman richard nixon, to name just
two. were the personal failings of these two presidents less
“important” than their achievements? in the former example,
probably so. in the latter example, probably not since it
resulted in the watergate scandal—a watershed event in
american politics. in cases such as these, therefore, the
societal impact of shortcoming and achievement must be
weighed on a case-by-case basis.

in sum, history informs us that personal failings are often
part-and-parcel of great achievements; even where they are
not, personal shortcomings of great achievers often make an
important societal impact of their own.

12. ―education has become the main provider of individual
opportunity in our society. just as

property and money once were the keys to success, education
has now become the element that most ensures success in
life.‖

which factor offers more opportunities for success in our
society: education or money and property? in my view,
education has replaced money and property as the main
provider of such opportunities today. i base my view on two
reasons. first, education—particularly higher education—used
to be available only to the wealthy but now is accessible to
almost anyone. second, because of the civil-rights movement
and resulting laws, businesses are now required to hire on the
basis of merit rather than the kinds of personal connections
traditionally common among the wealthy.

education probably always played a key role in determining
one’s opportunities for success. but in the past, good post-
secondary education was available mainly to the privileged
classes. because money and property largely determined
one’s access to higher education, money and property really

were the critical factors in opening doors to success. however,
higher education is more egalitarian today. given our vast
numbers of state universities and financial-aid programs,
virtually anyone who meets entrance requirements for college
can obtain an excellent college education and open up
windows of opportunity in life.

another reason those opportunities will be open to educated
young people from middle-class and poorer backgrounds is
that hiring is more meritocratic today than ever before. in
principle, at least, we have always been a society where all
people are equal; yet in the past, children of the wealthy and
the well connected could expect to obtain higher-status jobs
and to receive better pay. but the laws and programs resulting
from our civil-rights struggles have produced a modern
business climate in which jobs are available on an equal-
opportunity basis, and in which candidates have a legal right
to be judged on the merit of their educational background and
experience.

in conclusion, education is probably the main factor in
opening doors to success for young people in our society. the
fact that education has supplanted money and property in this
role is owing to a more egalitarian system of higher education,
as well as to more merit-based hiring practices that generally
value individual education over family fortune or connections.

13. ―responsibility for preserving the natural environment
ultimately belongs to each individual

person, not to government.‖

while nearly everyone would agree in principle that certain
efforts to preserve the natural environment are in humankind’s
best interest, environmental issues always involve a tug of war
among conflicting political and economic interests. for this
reason, and because serious environmental problems are
generally large in scale, government participation is needed to
ensure environmental preservation.

experience tells us that individuals (and private corporations
owned by individuals) tend to act on behalf of their own short-
term economic and political interest, not on behalf of the
environment or the public at large. for example, current
technology makes possible the complete elimination of
polluting emissions from automobiles. nevertheless, neither

automobile manufacturers nor consumers are willing or able to
voluntarily make the short-term sacrifices necessary to
accomplish this goal. only the government holds the
regulatory and enforcement power to impose the necessary
standards and to ensure that we achieve such goals.

aside from the problems of self-interest and enforcement,
environmental issues inherently involve public health and are
far too pandemic in nature for individuals to solve on their own.
many of the most egregious environmental violations traverse
state and sometimes national borders. environmental hazards
are akin to those involving food and drug safety and to
protecting borders against enemies; individuals have neither
the power nor the resources to address these widespread
hazards.

in the final analysis, only the authority and scope of power
that a government possesses can ensure the attainment of
agreed-upon environmental goals. because individuals are
incapable of assuming this responsibility, government must do
so.

16. ―public buildings reveal much about the attitudes and
values of the society that builds them.

today‘s new schools, courthouses, airports, and libraries, for
example, reflect the attitudes and values of today‘s society.‖

the extent to which new public buildings reflect societal
values and attitudes depends on whether one considers a
building’s intended function or its design. in the former sense,
new public buildings do mirror society, while in the latter
sense they do not.

the intended uses of new public buildings say something
about our priorities and values as a society. for example,
proliferation of public cultural centers and schools reflects a
societal concern for the arts and education, respectively, while
new prison construction indicates a heightened concern for
safety and security.

the design of new public buildings, however, fails to mirror
society, for two reasons. first, modern democratic states do
not have the luxury of making cultural “statements” at any
expense. functionality and fiscal accountability dictate the face
of public architecture today. second, public participation in the
process is limited. new buildings typically reflect the

architect’s eccentric vision or the preference of a few public
officials, not the populace’s values and attitudes. in england,
for example, prince charles oversees and approves the design
of new public buildings. the resulting conventional designs
suggest his unwillingness to break from tradition. yet it would
seem unfair to assign his lack of vision to english society. in
denver, the controversial design of a new airport met with
public outcry for its appearance, expense, and lack of
functionality. does the airport reflect the values of denver’s
denizens? probably not.

in conclusion, while modern public buildings seem to reflect
the values and attitudes of a society in their function, they do
not necessarily do so in their design.

18. ―if the primary duty and concern of a corporation is to
make money, then conflict is inevitable

when the corporation must also acknowledge a duty to serve
society.‖

we take for granted that a primary objective and obligation of
a corporation is to maximize profits. but does this mean a
corporation cannot also fulfill its obligations to society? the
speaker claims that the two duties necessarily conflict. in my
view, however, a corporation’s duties to maximize shareholder
wealth and to serve society will at times coincide and at times
conflict; and when they do conflict, neither takes automatic
precedence over the other. beyond the obvious duty to
maximize shareholder wealth, corporations indeed owe a duty
to serve society, especially the immediate community, which
permits corporations to operate in exchange for an implicit
promise that the corporations will do no harm and will bring
some benefit to the community. these duties can often be
fulfilled together. for example, a successful corporation brings
jobs and related economic benefit to the community. and, by
contributing to community activities and changes in other
ways, the corporation gains a reputation for social
responsibility that often helps it become even more successful.

however, at times these duties do conflict. consider, for
instance, a company that unknowingly leaks into the ground a
toxic substance that threatens to contaminate local
groundwater. while the company may favor an inexpensive
containment program, community leaders may want the

company to go further by cleaning up and restoring their
environment—even if the expense will force the company to
leave and take jobs from the community. whatever the
company decides, it should not assume that protecting profits
automatically outweighs social obligation. in many instances it
does not, as highly visible tobacco, automobile safety, and
asbestos liability cases aptly illustrate. such examples reveal a
limit as to how far a corporation can ethically go in trading off
the well being of the community for the sake of its own profits.

in sum, corporations have duties both to do well and to do
good. although conflict between these duties is not inevitable,
it does occur. determining which duty takes precedence in
time of conflict requires careful consideration of all the ethical
ramifications of each alternative.

21. ―job security and salary should be based on employee
performance, not on years of service.

rewarding employees primarily for years of service
discourages people from maintaining consistently high levels
of productivity.‖

according to the statement, in order to ensure high
productivity, companies should base their employees’ salaries
and job security solely on job performance, and not on length
of service to the company. i agree that salary increases and
job security are powerful incentives to high achievement and
should generally go to those who do the best work. however,
to ensure employee productivity, companies must also reward
tenured employees with cost-of-living raises—though not with
job security.

on the one hand, rewarding average job performance with
large pay increases or promises of job security is a waste of
resources—for two reasons. first, complacent employees will
see no reason to become more productive. secondly, those
normally inclined to high achievement may decide the effort
isn’t worthwhile when mediocre efforts are amply
compensated. companies should, therefore, adjust their pay
schedules so that the largest salaries go to the most
productive employees.

on the other hand, employees who perform their jobs
satisfactorily should be given regular, though small, service-
based pay increases—also for two reasons. first, the cost of

living is steadily rising, so on the principle of fair
compensation alone, it is unjust to condemn loyal employees
to de facto salary reductions by refusing them cost-of-living
raises. secondly, failure to adjust salaries to reflect the cost of
living may be counterproductive for the firm, which will have
difficulty attracting and retaining good employees without
such a policy.

in the final analysis, the statement correctly identifies job
performance as the single best criterion for salary and

【篇三：写出合适自己的gmat写作模板】


写出合适自己的gmat写作模板

gmat考试作文段落之间要空一行，这是很 少有考生注意的gmat考
试技巧之一，这样做是因为一来打印出来结构较清晰，二来让人感
觉 字数比较多，接下来小编就gmat写作模板介绍给大家，希望为考
生备考gmat写作助一臂之力。< br>
1、在gmat考试中不要照抄别人的模版，要写出适合自己的模版。
(照抄可能会影响分数)

2、gmat作文模版有很多，关键是要整理出适合自己的模版。如果
自己阐述能力较弱，多 用废话模版;反之，则尽量用简洁的模版。

3、不要把孙远的提纲当作教条，如果自己想法 和其不符的话，完全
可以按照自己的观点去写(试想写自己都认为不对的内容会有多痛苦，
多没 有说服力);孙远的书当作参照就可以了。

4、平时多写写，对你的帮助要比仅仅看要大得 多，千万不能有惰性。
写15-20篇就差不多了。不过题目要多想几遍。

5、不建议看kaplan 2003中作文的题目和范文(一来题目并非真题，
二来范文结构并不合理)。

6 、关于字数，建议a4纸打印(word默认设置下)超过12(少于会让
人感觉没水平)，但不要多于 23(多于会让看的人会很suffer)。平时
练习时就应注意字数(大约在pp3下多少行就差不多 了)

7、观点不要过于极端(万一看的人与你观点相左……)。

8、 段落之间要空一行，这是很少有考生注意的gmat考试技巧之一，
这样做是因为一来打印出来结构较清 晰，二来让人感觉字数比较多。