英语翻译理论与实践
美国大学排名-小论文范文
第二讲
原句：I seized the largest brush and fell
upon my wretched victim with wild fury.
译文：我抓起那支最大的画笔，势不可挡扑向那全无招架之力的画布。
原文：There is a definite link between smoking
and lung cancer. But this doesn’t make you too
uncomfortable because you are in good company.
译文：吸烟肯定与肺癌有关，但这并不能使你感到太不舒服，因为吸烟的人不止你一个。
原文：Derek fancies himself as a ladies' man,
but he spends too much time admiring himself in
the mirror for my liking.
译文：德里克自以为是个讨女人喜
欢的人，可是我不喜欢他花那么多的时间在镜子面前自我
欣赏。
He is
the last man to come.
He is the last man to
do it.
He is the last person for such a job.
He should be the last (man) to blame.
原文：John can be relied on. He eats no fish and
plays the game.
译文：约翰为人可靠，他既忠诚又正直。
Literal translation takes sentences as its
basic units and the whole text into consideration
at the
same time in the course of translation.
It strives to reproduce both the ideological
content and the
style of the entire literary
work and retain as much as possible the figures of
speech.
死译：one-to-one translation: each
SL word has a corresponding TL word.
硬译：word-
for-word translation: Transfers SL grammar and
word order, as well as the primary
meanings of
all the SL words, into translation. It is
normally effective only for brief simple
neutral sentences.
Literal
translation goes beyond one-to-one translation,
ranges from one word to one word, through
group to group, collocation to collocation,
clause to clause, to sentence to sentence.
Literal
translation is the basic translation
procedure both in communicative and semantic
translation, in
that translation starts from
there. ---by
Newmark
Liberal Translation mainly conveys the meaning
and spirit of the original without trying to
reproduce its sentence pattern or figures of
speech.
原文：我们的朋友遍天下。
错译：Our friends
are all over the world.
译文: We have friends
all over the world.
单词
月亮
直译：the moon
意译：celestial body, heavenly
body, planet, orb of night, moon goddess, Diana,
Luna, Phoebe,
Cynthia, queen of heaven, queen
of night (Shakespeare)
太阳
直译：the sun
意译：star of day, day-star, solar disk, solar
orb, orb, sphere, fireball, great luminary,
heaven’s
bright light, old sol, Helios,
Apollo, Hyperion, Mithras, Shamash
瘦
直译：thin, lanky, lean
意译：slim, skinny,
scraggy, lank, spare, bony, starved-looking, as
thin as a reed, as thin as six o’
clock, under-
weight, under -grown
胖
直译：fat
意译：portly, stout, obese, corpulent, fleshy,
potbellied, beer-bellied, solid, plump, rotund,
tubby,
podgy, paunchy, on the heavy
原句：to kill two birds with one stone
直译:
一石二鸟
意译：一箭双雕；一举两得
原句：to teach a pig
to play on a flute
直译：教猪吹笛
意译：对牛弹琴；做荒谬的事；做不可能做到的事
原句：a drop in
the bucket
直译：一桶水中的一滴
意译：沧海一粟；九牛一毛；微不足道；不足挂齿；不起眼；渺小
原句：过街老鼠
直译：( like) a rat crossing the street
意译：the object of universal condemnation; a bad
man hated by everybody
原句：门庭若市
直译：The
courtyard is like a market.
意译：a much visited
house; a busy town; bustling; crowded
原句：树倒猢狲散
直译：When the tree falls ,the
monkeys scatter.
意译：Members run always when
the family falls. When an influential person falls
from power,
his hangers-on disperse. Rats
leave a sinking ship.
原文：Hitler was armed
to the teeth when he launched the Second World
War, but in a few years,
he was completely
defeated.
译文：希特勒发动第二次世界大战时是武装到牙齿的，可是不过几年，就被彻底击败了。
原文：Often at the end of a hard day’s work
one realizes with dismay that the meager stack of
finished work one has accomplished has an
immeasurably slight impact on the work as a whole.
译文1：往往一天辛苦工作结束时，一个人会灰心地意识到他所完成的少量的一堆工作对整
个工
作产生无限小的影响。（直译）
译文2：往往一天辛苦工作下来，发觉所完成的薄薄几页草稿只是全部
工作的九牛一毛，好
不令人沮丧。（意译）
第四讲
静夜思
床前明月光，
疑是地上霜。
举头望明月，
低头思故乡。
（学生译作）：Homesickness in the Silent Night
The bright moon light sprinkles on the bed,
As if the frost lays on the ground.
Raise
my head and stare at the moon,
The
homesickness attacks me suddenly.
（学生译作）
Pondering in Silent Night
Luminous
moonlight shines upon the bedstand,
Isn’t it
the white frost paving on the bare ground?
Head, raised to gaze the moon into distance,
Bows to long for the native place.
Quiet Night Thought（死译）
Bedside bright
moonlight
Is suspected to be frost on the
floor.
Raising head to watch the bright moon,
Lowering head to think of the hometown.
In
the Still of the Night（直译）
I descry bright
moonlight in front of my bed.
I suspect it to
be hoary frost on the floor.
I watch the
bright moon, as I tilt back my head.
I yearn,
while stooping, for my homeland more.
（徐忠杰 译）
Nostalgia（意译）
A splash of white
on my bedroom floor. Hoarfrost?
I raise my
eyes to the moon, the same moon.
As scenes
long past come to mind, my eyes fall again of the
splash of white, and my heart aches
for home.
（翁显良 译）
A Tranquil Night
Abed, I see a
silver light,
I wonder if it’s frost aground.
Looking up, I find the moon bright;
Bowing, in homesickness I’m drowned.
（许渊冲 译）
In the Quiet Night
So bright a
gleam on the foot of my bed ---
Could there
have been a frost already?
Lifting my head to
look, I found that it was moonlight.
Sinking
back again, I thought suddenly of home.
( Tr. Witter Bynner)
词语层次
引申译法
原文：Every life has its roses and thorns.
Thoughts in a Tranquil Night
Athwart the
bed
I watch the moonbeams cast a trail
So
bright, so cold, so frail,
That for a space it
gleams
Like hoar-frost on the margin of my
dreams.
I raise my head, ---
The splendid
moon I see:
Then droop my head,
And sink
to dreams of thee---
My fatherland, of thee!
( Tr. L. Cranmer-Byng)
原文：MBA was his entrée
to the new administration.
原文：他的话让我出了一身冷汗。
译文：I was
extremely terrified by his words.
原文：他万万没想到在他前进的路上竟然会出现这么多的拦路虎。
译文：He had
never expected that so many obstacles would stand
in his way.
褒贬译法
原文：He was a man of high
renown.
原文：Many people think that he is
one of the most ambitious politicians of our
times.
原文：As a demanding boss, he expected
total loyalty and dedications from his employees.
原句1: As luck would have it, no one was in the
building when the explosion occurred.
原句2: As
luck would have it, there was rain on the day of
the picnic.
原句1：她父亲是一位有名的外科医生。
原句2：黄金荣是旧上海有名的大流氓。
译文1：Her
father is a famous surgeon.
译文2：Huang Jinrong
was a notorious rogue in Shanghai in the old
times.
转性译法
原文：Television works in much
the same way as radio.
译文：电视机的工作原理与无线电广播几乎完全相同。（动词译成名词）
原文：The railway ticket is valid for two days.
译文：火车票有效期为两天。（形容词译成名词）
原文：He is
physically weak, but mentally sound.
译文：他身体虽弱，但思维活跃。（副词译成名词）
原文：I have no
private interest in the acceptance of my
inventions by the world.
译文：我的发明为世界所采用，我未从中获得任何私利。（名词译成动词）
原文：Shanghai, which means “above the sea”, is
on the Huangpu River.
译文：上海的意思是“在海上”，它座落在黄浦江畔。（介词译成动词）
原文：I
am certain I saw him.
译文：我肯定是见过他了。（形容词译成动词）
原文：Last month the treaty was signed by
both sides and the war was over.
译文：上个月双方签订了条约，战争因此结束了。（副词译成动词）
原文：那个家伙老是滔滔不绝讲个不停。
译文：That fellow is very
talkative.（动词转为形容词）
原文：他长期以来习惯于在最后一分钟作出决定。
译文：He has long been
used to last-minute decisions. (动词转为名词)
原文：11点时，他已睡在被窝里。
译文：He was between sheets
by eleven. (动词转为介词)
原文：她非常漂亮。
译文：She
is a real beauty. (形容词转为名词)
Key to Ex
1. To learn is not an easy matter and to apply
what one has learned is even harder.
学习不容易，应用更不容易。
2. The problem of alternative
fuels of vehicle is one problem we shall approach.
车辆的代用燃料是我们将要着手处理的一个问题。
3. This contract is
executed in Chinese. If necessary, it may be
translated into other languages.
本合同以中文文本签署。如有必要，本合同可译成其他文字。
4.
Histories make men wise; poets witty; the
mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral
grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend.
历史使人明智；诗歌使人灵秀；数学使人周密；科学使人深刻；伦理使人庄重；逻辑与修辞
使人善辩。
5. 她的朋友们听到她家中的困难情况后，都主动伸出援助之手。
After
her friends heard about her family difficulties,
they offered her a helping hand.
6.
实践证明，我们协调经济发展与环境保护两者之间关系的做法是行之有效的。
The
practice has proved that our coordination of
economic development and environmental
protection if effective.
7.
天快黑了，我们最好还是早点回家。
As it is getting dark,
we’d better go home earlier.
8.
多年来，该国一直存在严重的失业现象。
For many years, there
has been serious unemployment in that country.
第五讲
2013春季中级口译英译汉
If you’ve ever been on a
jury, you might have noticed that a funny thing
happens the minute you
get behind closed
doors. Everybody starts talking about themselves.
They say what they would
have done if they had
been the plaintiff or the defendant. Being on a
jury reminds me why I can’t
tolerate talk
radio. We Americans seem to have lost the ability
to talk about anything but our own
experiences. We can’t seem to generalize
without stereotyping or to consider evidence that
goes
against our own experience.
I
heard a doctor on a radio show talking about a
study that found that exercise reduces the
incidence of Alzheimer’s. And caller after
caller couldn’t wait to make essentially the
opposite
point: “Well, my grandmother never
exercised and she lived to 95.” We are in an age
summed
up by the saying: “I experience,
therefore I’m right.” Historically, the hallmarks
of an
uneducated person were the lack of
ability to think critically, to use deductive
reasoning to
distinguish the personal from the
universal. Now that seems an apt description of
many
Americans.
如果你曾经当过陪审员，你可能会注意到一件有趣的事情
：一旦关上了门，所有人就开始谈
论他们自己。他们会讨论，如果自己是原告或被告的话会做什么。担任
陪审员的经历让我明
白了我为什么无法忍受谈话性的广播节目。我们美国人似乎只剩下了谈论自己经历的
能力。
我们似乎无法抛开固有的成见进行总结，也无法客观地分析与自身经历相悖的证据。
我曾听过一位医生在之声节目上讲述一项研究，该研究发现锻炼能降低阿兹海默症（老年痴
呆症
）的发病率。而此时听众的电话一个接着一个，纷纷迫不及待地表达反对意见：“嗯，
我祖母从不锻炼，
但她活到了95岁。”我们身处的时代可以用一句话来总结：“我经历过，
所以我是对的。”历史上，无
知之人的典型特征就是缺乏进行批判性思维、演绎推理和分辨
个例与常态的能力。如今，用这句话描述许
多美国人似乎恰如其分。
第六讲
原文：In the evening, after the banquets, the
concerts and the table tennis, he would work on
the
drafting of the final communiqué.
<
br>译文：晚上在参加宴会，出席音乐会，观看乒乓球表演之后，他还得起草最后公报。（增加
动词）
原文：First you borrow, then you beg.
译文：先借钱，后讨饭。（增加名词）
原文：He is a
complicated man ------ moody, mercurial, with a
melancholy streak.
译文：他是个性格复杂的人 ------
喜怒无常，反复多变，有些犹豫寡欢。（形容词前增加名
词）
原文：他喜欢指出别人的缺点，但用意是好的。
译文：He likes to point
out other people’s shortcomings, but he means
well. (增加主语)
原文：虚心使人进步，骄傲使人落后。
译文：Modesty helps one to go forward, whereas
conceit makes one lag behind. （增加连词）
原文：我们应该逐步消灭城乡差别。
译文：We should try to
eliminate the differences between town and
country.
原文：你白天还是晚上飞香港？
译文：Do you fly
to Hongkong in the daytime or at night?
省词译法
原文：He was thin and haggard and he
looked miserable.
原文：We live and learn.
原文：The more he tried to hide his warts, the
more he revealed them.
原文：He looked gloomy and
troubled.
原文：If winter comes, can spring be
far behind?
原文：我们要忠于党、忠于人民、忠于祖国。
译文：We should be loyal to our party, to our
people and to our motherland.
原文：这些新型汽车速度快、效率高、行动灵活。
译文：The new cars are
fast, efficient and handy.
原文：我们不后退，我们从来没有后退过，我们将来也决不会后退。
译文：We won’t
retreat, we never have and never will.
练习
1. To learn is not an easy matter and
to apply what one has learned is even harder.
2. The problem of alternative fuels of vehicle
is one problem we shall approach.
3. This
contract is executed in Chinese. If necessary, it
may be translated into other languages.
4.
Histories make men wise; poets witty; the
mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral
grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend.
5. 她的朋友们听到她家中的困难情况后，都主动伸出援助之手。
6.
实践证明，我们协调经济发展与环境保护两者之间关系的做法是行之有效的。
7.
天快黑了，我们最好还是早点回家。
8. 多年来，该国一直存在严重的失业现象。
Key to Ex
1. To learn is not an easy
matter and to apply what one has learned is even
harder.
学习不容易，应用更不容易。
2. The problem of
alternative fuels of vehicle is one problem we
shall approach.
车辆的代用燃料是我们将要着手处理的一个问题。
3.
This contract is executed in Chinese. If
necessary, it may be translated into other
languages.
本合同以中文文本签署。如有必要，本合同可译成其他文字。
4.
Histories make men wise; poets witty; the
mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral
grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend.
历史使人明智；诗歌使人灵秀；数学使人周密；科学使人深刻；伦理使人庄重；逻辑与修辞
使人善辩。