施心远主编《听力教程》4 (第2版)Unit 3答案
马来西亚国民大学-平凉医学高等专科学校
A Listening Course 4
施心远主编《听力教程》4
(第2版)答案
Unit 2
Section One: Tactics for
Listening
Part 1: Listening and Translation
score higher than boys in almost every
country.
几乎在所有国家里，女孩子都比男孩子得分高。
2.
Differences between males and females are a
continuing issue of
fierce debate.
男女差异一直是激烈争论的焦点。
3. Cultural and economic
influences play an important part..
文化和经济影响起着重要的作用。
4. But recent findings
suggest that the answer may lie in differences
between the male and female brain.
但是最新的发现提示，答案也许在男女大脑的差异。
5. These include
differences in learning rates.
这些包括学习速度上的差异。
Section Two Listening
Comprehension
Part 1 Dialogue
Exercise:
Listen to the dialogue and filling the blanks with
the missing
information.
Serenading
Service was founded three years ago when the
singer
realize that British people were
desperate for romance. He thought
there would
be a clientele for a hired serenader. The idea
came from his
studies of Renaissance music,
which is full of serenades. Over the
centuries, university students have turned the
serenade into an art form
for hire. Usually he
is hired by men to sing love songs to women.
Occasionally he is asked to sing to men.
The service is really a form of intimate
alfresco theatre with love
songs. He usually
wears a white tie and tails and sings amorous
Italian
songs. He will carry chocolate hearts
or flowers and when there is no
balcony
available he will sing from trees or fire escapes!
The fee depends on whether a musician comes
along or not. The
basic rate is £450 but it
can cost a lot more especially if he takes a
gondola and a group of musicians along. Some
people are so moved
that they burst into
tears, but some react badly. They try to find out
as
much as they can about their clients to
avoid unpleasant situations.
They have to be
very careful these days because a serenade can be
completely misinterpreted.
Part 2
Passage
Ex. A. Pre-listening Question
What memory strategies do you know that can
help you remember
things better?
1)
Brain prioritizes by meaning, value and relevance.
2) Your attitude has much to do with whether
you remember something
or not.
3) Your
understanding of new materials depends on what you
already
know.
4) You can learn and
remember better if you can group ideas into some
sort of meaningful categories or groups.
5) The brain's quickest and probably the
longest-lasting response is to
images.
6)
Memory is increased when facts to be learned are
consciously
associated with something familiar
to you.
Ex. B: Sentence Dictation
ics
are methods for remembering information that is
otherwise quite difficult to recall.
2.
Our brains evolved to code and interpret complex
stimuli such as
images, colors, structures,
sounds, smells, tastes, touch, positions,
emotions and language.
3. While language
is one of the most important aspects of human
evolution, it is only one of the many skills
and resources available to our
minds.
4.
Association is the method by which you link a
thing to be remembered
to a way of
remembering it..
5. Location gives you two
things: a coherent context into which you can
place information, and a way of separating one
mnemonic from another.
Ex. C: Detailed
Listening.
1. Mnemonics are tools which can
help you to improve your memory.
T. (Memory
tools can help you to improve your memory.
2. The fundamental principle of mnemonics
is to make full use of the
best functions of
the brain to store information.
T (The
basic principle of mnemonics is to use as many of
the best
functions of your brain as possible
to store information.)
3. Information we have
to remember is almost always presented in
different ways.
F (Unfortunately
information we have to remember is almost always
presented in only one way--as words printed on
a page.)
4. We can do four things to form
striking images, which will help to make
our
mnemonics more memorable.
T ( Use positive,
pleasant images; use vivid, colorful, sense-laden
images; use all your senses to code
information or dress up an image;
give our
image three dimensions, movement and space.)
5. There is one basic principle in the
use of mnemonics.
F (There are three
fundamental principles underlying the use of
mnemonics: imagination, association and
location)
6. Association is what we use to
create and strengthen imagination.
F
(Imagination is what you use to create and
strengthen the associations
needed to create
effective mnemonics.)
7. You can choose the
imagery in your mnemonics as you like
T (The
imagery you use in your mnemonics can be as
violent, vivid, or
sensual as you like, as
long as it help you to remember.)
8. You can
create associations by linking things using the
same stimuli.
T. (You can create associations
by linking them using the same color,
smell,
shape, or feeling.)
Ex. D: After-
listening Discussion
1. What is the basic
principle of mnemonics? Why can we improve our
memory by following the principle?
To
use as many of the best functions of your brain as
possible to store
information.
Evolved to
code and interpret complex stimuli. Use these to
make
sophisticated models of the world.
Our memories store all of these effectively.
However, information is presented in only one
way. Language is only one
of the many
skills and resources available to our minds.
By coding languages and numbers in striking
images, can reliable code
both information
and structure of information. Then easily recall
these
later.
2. Why is a good memory
important to us?
Open.
Section Three
News
News Item 1
Ex. A: Summarize the news
This news item is about the Somali pirates’
strike.
Ex. B: Listen to the news again
and answer the questions.
1. Whether this
latest attempted hijacking was the promised
revenge for
the killing of three Somali
pirates by the US navy isn't clear.
2. No, the
pirates haven’t been deferred.
3. Because the
financial rewards for a successful hijacking
remain so
great and Somalia remains so
lawless.
4. At any one time there are only
fifteen to eighteen international
warships in
the area to police an expanse of sea covering more
than a
million square kilometres.
5. It
may be because of the relatively small scale of
the problem.
Tape script of News
Item One:
The piracy problem looks like it's
here to stay despite the recent
muscular
interventions by the French and American navies.
Whether this
latest attempted hijacking was
the promised revenge for the killing of
three
Somali pirates by the US navy isn't clear. But it
does suggest at the
very least that the
pirates haven't been deterred.
So why does the
problem persist? Put simply maritime security
analysts say piracy will continue as long as
the financial rewards for a
successful
hijacking remain so great and Somalia remains so
lawless.
Certainly the international effort to
thwart the problem is relatively
limited. At
any one time there are only fifteen to eighteen
international
warships in the area to police
an expanse of sea covering more than a
million
square kilometres. Although it has been suggested
that raids
could be mounted on the pirates'
home towns, it seems unlikely there'll
be any
major increase in the military effort unless
there's a spectacular
hijacking involving the
deaths of many crew members.
The reluctance
to mount a major international naval operation in
the area may also be down to the relatively
small scale of the problem.
Last year,
according to figures from the International
Maritime Bureau,
nearly twenty three thousand
ships passed through the Gulf of Aden.
Only
ninety two were hijacked.
Rob Watson,
BBC News
News Item 2
Ex. A:
Listen to the news and complete the summary
This news item is about Obama’s military plan in
Afghanistan.
Ex. B: True or false.
1.
The President is considering leaving
Afghanistan.
F. (The President is making it
clear that leaving Afghanistan is not an
option.)
2. Obama wouldn’t shrink the
number of troops in Afghanistan, neither
would
he deploy more military troops.
T.
3.
President Obama thought his assessment would be
and
deliberate
T.
4. Opinions against
Obama are not heard.
F. (…some Republicans and
members of the President's own party
are
dubious about committing more resources and
military personnel to
a conflict where there
is no end in sight.)
5. The conflict in
Afghanistan seems to be over soon.
F.
(…about committing more resources and military
personnel to a
conflict where there is no end
in sight.)
6. Afghanistan can be the second
Vietnam.
T. (The word 'Vietnam' is heard
more and more on Capitol Hill.)
Script of News
Item Two:
The President is making it clear
that leaving Afghanistan is not an
option.
It's not on the table. According to one White
House source, he
told the meeting that he
wouldn't shrink the number of troops in
Afghanistan or opt for a strategy of merely
targeting al-Qaeda leaders.
But he wouldn't be
drawn on the military request for more troops.
There appears to be a frustration that the
review of strategy has
sometimes been
portrayed in black-and-white terms of a massive
increase or reduction of troop numbers.
President Obama told the group made up of the
most senior
Republican and Democrat senators
and congressmen that his assessment
would be
Republicans and members of the President's own
party are dubious
about committing more
resources and military personnel to a conflict
where there is no end in sight. The word
'Vietnam' is heard more and
more on Capitol
Hill.
The President was certainly right when
he said his final decision
wouldn't make
everyone in the room, or the country, happy.
Mark Mardell, BBC News, Washington
News Item 3
Ex. A: Listen and
summarize the news item
This news item is
about
fragile peace that returns to Gaza
.
Ex. B: Listen again and fill in the
blanks.
There were traffic jams on the road
north, families heading to Gaza
City to
reunite with friends and relatives. Long lines of
cars backed up at
the makeshift roadblocks the
Israelis have left behind. But the tanks are
gone, only the deep tracks remain.
There
were buildings pitted with Israeli tank rounds;
from the holes
that have been punched in the
walls it was clear there had also been
snipers
waiting for them. North of Khan Younis we saw some
of the
Qassam fighters returning home, their
rifles slung lazily around their
shoulders.
For three weeks the Israelis pounded the
tunnels that run beneath
the perimeter wall
but last night we met people who insist that some
of
these tunnels are still open and still some
fuel is being pumped from the
Egyptian sider.
If the border crossings remain close, say the
Palestinians,
these tunnels are their only
link to the outside world.
Script of
News Item 3
There were traffic jams on the
road north, families heading to Gaza
City to
reunite with friends and relatives. Long lines of
cars backed up at
the makeshift roadblocks the
Israelis have left behind. But the tanks are
gone, only the deep tracks remain.
There
were buildings pitted with Israeli tank rounds;
from the holes
that have been punched in the
walls it was clear there had also been
snipers
waiting for them. North of Khan Younis we saw some
of the
Qassam fighters returning home, their
rifles slung lazily around their
shoulders.
The destruction we've seen has largely been
inflicted on the Hamas
infrastructure: police
stations, military outposts, government buildings,
so far the most extensive damage - that at the
border in Rafah where
nothing was spared.
For three weeks the Israelis pounded the
tunnels that run beneath
the perimeter wall
but last night we met people who insist that some
of
these tunnels are still open and still some
fuel is being pumped from the
Egyptian side;
impossible for us to verify independently, but
they say
they are determined to reopen them
and to dig them deeper. If the
border
crossings remain close, say the Palestinians,
these tunnels are
their only link to the
outside world.
Christian Fraser, BBC News,
Gaza
Section Four
Part 1
Feature report
Exercise A:
This news
report is about the recreation of the prehistoric
world in
Liaoning, China, based on the
scientific findings on fossils discovered
there.
Exercise B:
1. 35 prehistoric
animals were created.
2. They recreated the
extinct beasts through the marriage of science,
art
and technology.
3. The exhibit is not
behind the glass or otherwise enclosed, so
visitors
are eye to eye with extinct beasts.
It is displayed in this way so that
visitors
will feel as if they’ve stepped into a Chinese
forest 130 million
years in the past.
4.
He says it’s accurate because every single plant,
every insect, every
organic feature in it
actually represents something that has been
found as a fossil in northeastern China.
5. The only thing scientists had to make up is
what color some of the
animals were.
6.
According to Michael Novacek, birds are living
dinosaurs.
7. They study the movements of
commonplace turkeys, chickens and
ostriches to learn how similarly-built
dinosaurs would stand or walk.
8. By using
high-tech imagery, fossils, and the knowledge
gained from
the biology of barnyard animals,
scientists now estimate the giant
T-Rex could
reach speeds of 16 kilometers per hour, far slower
that
the more than 70 kilometers per hour
previously thought.
Script：
Dinosaur
Discoveries Made Possible through Art, Technology,
Modern Livestock
The rolling hills of a
province in northeastern China are now terraced
for
farming, but beneath that farmland are
clues to a prehistoric world
unlike any seen
by human eyes - until this week. Some 130 million
years
after dinosaurs roamed the Liaoning
forest, the world has been
painstakingly
recreated in New York City's American Museum of
Natural
History.
The sound of the
prehistoric forest is one of the few things that
has been
imagined in this 65 square-meter
diorama. The gingko leaves, piney trees
and
life-sized models of 35 prehistoric animals were
created through the
marriage of science, art
and technology, as every detail, down to the
sleeping pose of a dinosaur, is based on
scientific findings.
The exhibit is
not behind glass or otherwise enclosed, so
visitors are
eye-to-eye with extinct beasts,
feeling as if they've stepped into a
Chinese
forest 130 million years in the past.
Mark
Norell is a paleontologist who has worked in
Liaoning, searching for
clues to recreate this
prehistoric world.
accurate because every
single plant, every insect, every organic
feature in it actually represents something
that has been found as a fossil
in
northeastern China,
sort of make up a little
bit is what color some the animals were. Even
though we know some of theme were patterned,
but we know definitely
that they were
patterned, because we can see that is the soft
tissue
remains, but we don't know what color
they were but we try to be a
little
conservative in that regard, but nevertheless all
the feathers you
see, all the weird tail
structures you see, is all stuff we found as
fossils.
Underneath the gingko trees, a
feathered bird-like dinosaur chases on
two
legs after a large winged insect, the dinosaur's
beak-like mouth open
to reveal rows of jagged
teeth. A sleeping dinosaur tucks its head
beneath its arm, much as a modern goose tucks
its head beneath its
wing.
The
museum's curator of paleontology, Michael Novacek,
explains that it
is necessary to understand
birds in order to better understand extinct
creatures.
aware of 10, 20 years ago
is that birds are living dinosaurs. They're not
just related to dinosaurs. They are
dinosaurs,he stressed. a
branch of dinosaurs,
so conveniently enough dinosaurs didn't go
completely extinct. One group, the birds,
survived.
Scientists study the movements of
commonplace turkeys, chickens and
ostriches to
learn how similarly built dinosaurs would stand or
walk.
Researchers even created a computer
model of a giant chicken to learn
more about
the movements of the ever popular Tyrannosaurus
Rex.
By using high tech imagery, fossils, and
the knowledge gained from the
biology of
barnyard animals, scientists now estimate the
giant T-Rex
could reach speeds of 16
kilometers per hour, far slower than the more
than 70 kilometers per hour previously
thought.
These scientific findings are passed
along to model designers, such as the
creator
of a six-foot-long mechanical T-Rex, a highlight
of the new exhibit.
The menacing skeleton's
tail sways and its head bobs as the extinct
dinosaur shifts its weight, plodding in place
- yet another example of the
never-
before-seen becoming altogether real when science
and
technology meet art.
Part 2
Passage
Exercise B
1. The goal of this
study was to determine what type of “gaze” is
required to have this effect.
2. The
Queen’s study showed that the total amount of gaze
received
during a group conversation is more
important than when the eye
contact occurs.
3. The eye contact experiment used computer-
generated images form
actors who conveyed
different levels of attention.
4. The
researchers concluded that people in group
discussions will speak
up more if they receive
a greater amount of eye contact from other
group members.
5. The effect of eye gaze
has literally fascinated people throughout the
ages.
6. Exercise C
1. A 2. D 3.
A 4. D 5. A 6. C 7. B 8. B
Exercise
D
1. The eye contact experiment used computer-
generated images from
actors who conveyed
different levels of attention (gazing at the
subject, gazing at the other actor,
looking away, and looking down).
These images
were presented to the subjects, who believed they
were in an actual three-way video conferencing
situation, attempting
to solve language
puzzles. Two conditions were studied: synchronized
(where eye contact is made while the subject
is speaking) and
random contact, received at
any time in the conversation. The
researchers
concluded that people in group discussions will
speak up
more if they receive a greater amount
of eye contact from other
group members and
the total amount of gaze received during a group
conversation is more important than when the
eye contact occurs.
2. Open.
Script:
Eye Contact Shown To Affect Conversation
Patterns, Group
Problem-Solving Ability
Noting that the eyes have long been described
as mirrors of the soul,
a Queen's computer
scientist is studying the effect of eye gaze on
conversation and the implications for new-age
technologies, ranging
from video conferencing
to speech recognition systems.
Dr. Roel
Vertegaal, who is presenting a paper on eye gaze
at an
international conference in New Orleans
this week, has found evidence
to suggest a
strong link between the amount of eye contact
people
receive and their degree of
participation in group communications. Eye
contact is known to increase the number
of turns a person will take
when part of a
group conversation. The goal of this study was to
determine what type of (looking at a person's
eyes and face) is
required to have this
effect.
Two conditions were studied:
synchronized (where eye contact is
made while
the subject is speaking) and random contact,
received at any
time in the conversation. The
Queen's study showed that the total
amount of
gaze received during a group conversation is more
important
than when the eye contact occurs.
The findings have important implications for
the design of future
communication devices,
including more user-friendly and sensitive video
conferencing systems – a technology
increasingly chosen in business for
economic
and time-saving reasons – and Collaborative
Virtual
Environments (CVEs) which support
communication between people and
machines. Dr.
Vertegaal's group is also implementing these
findings to
facilitate user interactions with
large groups of computers such as
personal
digital assistants and cellular phones.
The
eye contact experiment used computer-generated
images from
actors who conveyed different
levels of attention (gazing at the subject,
gazing at the other actor, looking away, and
looking down). These images
were presented to
the subjects, who believed they were in an actual
three-way video conferencing situation,
attempting to solve language
puzzles.
The researchers concluded that people in group
discussions will
speak up more if they receive
a greater amount of eye contact from
other
group members. There was no relationship between
the impact of
the eye contact and when it
occurred.
effect of eye gaze has literally
fascinated people throughout
the ages,
on
Mediated Group Conversations: Amount or
Synchronization? was
presented this week at
the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)
Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative
Work.
of Ereshkigal, goddess of the
underworld, who had the power to kill
Inanna,
goddess of love, with a deadly eye,says Dr.
Vertegaal.
that we are attempting to build
more sophisticated conversational
interfaces
that mirror the communicative capabilities of
their users, it
has become clear we need to
learn more about communicative functions
of
gaze behaviors.