英语单词精简版
朱自清短篇散文-厦门财政局网会计之窗
一单元
1. We have a certain stereotypical
_preconception_偏见 ，预想 of a person from a culture
and we interpret hisher
behaviour according to
this preconception, whether or not the reason for
the behaviour is what we think it.
2.
According to Dr. Helfand, Pakistan built nuclear
weapons as a _deterrent 威慑against India. India
wanted them
as a _deterrent_against China.
3. The European scrutiny详细审查，监视_Committee
assesses the legal andor political importance of
each EU
document, decides which EU documents
are debated, monitors the activities of UK
Ministers in the Council, and keeps legal,
procedural and institutional developments in
the EU under review.
4. A major stumbling
block绊脚石，障碍 in handling criticism is that we
believe the criticism to be unfair and untrue
and that we should defend ourselves against
such criticism.
5. Many Americans who are
learning Chinese think that the term “Lao Wai” is
somehow an insult, and in fact the term
“Lao
Wai” doesn’t have a negative_connotation内涵，暗示_in
Chinese.
6. China has no plan to change its
preferential优待的 treatment policies for foreign
investment in the near future in
order
toreassure foreign investors who have been worried
that China might cancel its preferential
policies and give
foreign investors the same
national treatment as their domestic counterparts
now that the country is in the WTO.
7.
Restorative yoga is especially helpful for
anxiety-_prone俯卧的，有。。。倾向的，易于。。。的_people because it
allows the nervous system to rest and heal.
8. Students should develop the ability to
weigh evidence without bias, tolerate
ambiguity含糊，不明确，暧昧 _, and
use ethical
principles in their academic and personal lives.
9. Members slated for peacekeeping duties over
180 days are eligible for up to 15 days of rest
and _recuperation 恢
复，复原.
10. The norms of
our own culture are not necessarily wrong－often
they are very good－but we should learn not to
judge other culture’s ways of acting and
thinking ethnocentrically种族中心主义的 only because they
differ from our own.
1.
___Tenacity韧性，固执____implies an active choice to
cling to something, not passively being carried
along out of
inability to imagine anything
else.
2. In Egypt, I saw the pyramids and the
damaged face of the Sphinx, smiling a
(an)____inscrutable 神秘的，不可预
测的，不可理解的___ smile.
An amazing journey!
3. The elimination of
_stereotypes陈腔滥调_______ was believed to be a
prerequisite for any successful intercultural
exchange.
4. The Pentagon was planning
to launch a 24-hour satellite television channel
based in Baghdad to make it easier to
___circumvent 包围，陷害，绕行_____ the news media
“filter” that Bush Administration officials
believe is misleading the
public by
emphasizing bad news about the occupation of Iraq.
5. This class will provide you as a parent
with age appropriate songs and activities to enjoy
music at home with toddler
that will develop
coordination, balance and ___spatial 空间的_____
relationship skills as well as communication and
cooperation.
6. It is a _truism老生常谈，众所周知
____ to say that the women who teach in India must
know the language, the
religion, superstitions
and customs of the women to be taught in India. It
ought to be the very same case for England.
7.
The _connotation 内涵，暗示_____ of “white” in Chinese
includes something unhappy. At funerals, Chinese
pay
respect to the dead and express their
sorrow by wearing white and writing elegiac
couplets in white paper. In the West,
however,
white is the traditional color for the bride at
weddings, and to wear white at funerals would be
offensive.
8. The just-concluded election in
Pakistan is simply a ___facade正面，表面，外观 __ for
continuing military rule,
according to Selig
Harrison, a leading US authority on South Asia,
Afghanistan and the region.
9. As television,
and to an extent the internet have _permeated
充满____further through our society, the effects are
perhaps more significant than even we realize.
10. There’s this new girl coming to my
school, and I like her a lot. I want to _cement
水泥，结合剂，巩固，粘牢____
our friendship before I start
a serious relationship.
三单元
1.
China is the first market for KFC to launch its
new product. Targeting trendy young people, KFC
D&D features
new flavors like the
__smoothie__举止优雅的人；善于讨好女人的男子；一种果汁与牛奶的混合饮料___
series, crushed
ice of different tastes and
hot drinks like Hong Kong-style milk tea. It’s a
wider choice of drinks and desserts than those on
the regular KFC menu.
2. My sister Ellie,
who recently lost 20 pounds, has been pressuring
me to lose weight too. And when I asked for a
second helping of the low-fat __casserole_n.
勺皿；砂锅菜；餐桌上用有盖的焙盘vi. 用焙盘焙____she served for dinner
the other night, she totally went off on me.
3. Most little children want a dog or a cat,
and they continually ___pester_vt. 纠缠，烦扰；使烦恼___
their mothers
and fathers until they get one.
It is only when the sweet little thing has been
brought home that the parents realize how much
time and money must be spent on “Rover” or
“Bonze”.
4. Nigerian President Obasanjo said
Sunday that he is not excluding _sabotage
破坏；破坏活动；怠工______ ，
as the cause of last
Sunday’s bomb explosions at the Military
Cantonment in Lagos, which led to the death of
more than
1,100 people.
5. An obviously
biased judge made derisive decisions throughout
the trial. The strain of the trial also placed
Barrie’s
marriage under____duress 强迫，监禁 __,
which ultimately led to his wife divorcing him,
and led to Barrie’s children
being derided and
physically attacked by their classmates.
6.
The G.O.P. hopes to gain votes by attacking her as
a radical feminist who prefers the boardroom to
the kitchen. But
the ploy, could
__backfire_放出逆火；预先放火；产生出乎意料及事与愿违的结果___by
alienating working women.
7. Both Luo and
Guang admit their drugs, while effective in
combating AIDS and alleviating its syndromes, may
not be
the final answer to solving the AIDS
crisis. Rather, they believe, combined
_therapy______ is the likely ultimate answer.
Luo said his drugs, when combined with Western
medicine, such as the AZT, have shown double the
effectiveness for
treating AIDS patients.
8. This ___delectable adj. 美味的；令人愉快的___ TV
programme is suitable for those half-educated
people.
9.“John has no___siblings__兄弟姊妹；民族成员_.
So when his parents passed away, he inherited
everything from the
family－properties, bank
savings, stocks and a big house. He’s really
living on easy street.”
10. Anthropologist Dr.
Edward T. Hall points out that, for two
unacquainted adult male North Americans, the
comfortable distance to stand for private
conversation is from arm’s length to about four
feet apart. For as the South
American moves
in, the North American feels he’s being pushy; and
as the North American backs off the South American
thinks he’s being ____standoffish 冷淡的，不友好的___.
was so much pain there,
__inadvertently_非故意的____ caused by both sides over
the years. I didn’t want to
hurt them, nor
they me, but the harm had been done and it was
irreversible.
2. Strengthening regional
economic cooperation is a top priority for many
Asian countries. Interdependence among
these
different countries is becoming stronger - thanks
to the adoption of a more open economic model. And
now, Asian
countries are making efforts to
promote regional___integration_集成，综合____, and in
turn realize common prosperity
3. When people
can’t explain a new phenomenon using their
knowledge, they will firstly try to understand the
new
phenomena using the logic reference
of__analogy__类比，类推，类似__.
you mess up, it’s
not your parents’ fault, so don’t __whine_抱怨about
your mistakes, learn from them.
system was
redesigned to embrace the network and eventually
_steer__控制，引导____ it in a profitable
direction.
introduction of
gunpowder gradually made the bow and arrow
__obsolete_淘汰，废弃____, particularly in
western
Europe.
busy homemakers to professional
people, many Americans enjoy the convenience of
prepackaged meals that
can be ready to serve
in 10 minutes or less. On the other hand, many
Americans recognize the value
of__culinary_厨房的，
烹调用的_ art.
chairman of
the board ____pressed_加压的，紧迫的_ on me the
unpleasant job of dismissing good workers the
firm can no longer afford to employ.
9.I
am not ___compatible_兼容的，能共处的___ with my roommate
but I have to share the room with her, because I
have nowhere else to live.
10.A good
education should train students to think for
themselves. However, most of them are trained in
the technique
of examination under ___duress
强迫，监禁___.
四单元
studies on
rigorous data are _warranted__批准，授权____.
progress of studies comes from hard work and
is____ retarded 智力迟钝的，发展迟缓的 ____by frivolities.
unately, what the farmers had gained in the
autumn harvest was _offset 抵消，补偿_____by the heavy
losses
caused by a snowstorm in the winter.
4. The renewing of the
____infrastructure_基础设施_____ needs greater fiscal
investments from the government.
__vestige_遗迹，残余，退化的器官_____of plan economy is being
erased step by step.
newcomer has gradually
learned what is___entailed_必需，使承担；限定继承___in the
position as a qualified
salesperson.
7.
The disagreements in the nuclear negotiation are
___symptomatic__有症状的___of the tensions between
America
and Iran.
policy by EU that
imposes serious constraints on textile imports
from China will definitly_thwart_挫败，反对
_the
bilateral trade in other areas.
Labour Party
under Tony Blair won a(n) _____aggregate_集合。聚集__
number of 356 seats in the
presidential
election.
makers and economists shoulder the
responsibility of____optimizing__优化___the use of
resources.
The true rate of
(1)__return______ to education in China may be as
high as 30% or 40%. Our knowledge of true return
to education is currently very (2)_limited
_______ as is our knowledge of the true rate of
return to physical capital. More
studies on
rigorous data are (3)___warranted____. A more
factually informed knowledge base will improve
government
decision making. If governments
(4)___evaluate __ projects, whether they are human
capital projects, or investment projects
for
dams, road, bridges or factories, they will make
better investment decisions. Project evaluations
play an important role in
keeping good
investments and promoting good projects and
(5)__eliminating_消除___ the bad. The value of
factually
informed cost-benefit econometrics
is extraordinarily high. Cost-benefit studies
produce value for local governments,
provincial government and central government.
Research that creates and collects much richer
data sets on the returns to all
kinds of human
and physical capital to guide policy formation
will improve policy making. Creating incentives
and
developing capital markets would promote
investment in human capital. It is not necessary
to use funds from the center or
(6)_presume_假设，推测_____ that education and
skill formation should be governmentally supplied.
Free up the labor
market and the market for
education would (7)_harness _治理，套，驾驭____ the
forces that promote acquisition of skills
by
(8)_fostering_养育______ the training of individual
workers by firm, or encourage individuals to train
themselves in the
workplace to be
better farmers, better factory workers and better
managers. Otherwise, educational
(9)_expenditures_支出，
花费______ should be
increased and equalized across regions to
(10)_maximize_______ the return on human capital
investment.
五单元
1. Even the
increase proposed will put pressure on Congress to
hold down other spending or dip into funds
for Social Security. (earmark 在耳朵上做记号，标记)
2. Since Pain was paying no attention to him,
he decided that he might without_impropriety_____
ignore Pain.
3. The choice of household and
industrail waste disposal is between tipping and
___incineration_____.
4. Operation Rescue was
an organization notorious for its confrontational
tactics and its implacable opposition to
under all circumstances.(abortion 流产)
5.
Since then we have had cyclone 旋风 飓风 , wars,
floods, so many things to add and subtract.
6.
Coconuts are being scraped and the juice is
squeezed on pounded taro or cassava for
puddings.
7. The psychological advantages or
disadvantages on woman and fetus 胎儿 must be
addressed and
researched so that informed
decisions can still be made.
8. Not all
cultural practices are as extreme and the
character of the ground flora will also depend on
the land-use
prior to( afforesation) .
9. The firm pledges its inventory as
collateral 并行的，抵押品 for a short-term loan, but
the lender has no
physical control over the
inventory.
10. There is no apparent conclusive
scientific study, but the __ anecdotal 轶事的____
evidence is strong that the
herb is useful.
1. The decision to opt for sewage
污水，下水道，污物composting was made largely in order to
reduce the need for
water for flushing the
toilet.
2. The end product of such a course of
evolution is an obligate parasite 寄生虫 that is
inextricably linked to a
particular host.
3. The situation for teachers without
tenure 任期，占有，授予终身职位 varies according to the
circumstances
surrounding the dismissal.
4. Garth doesn’t work; he just lives off his
inheritance 继承，遗产 .
5. It causes many
complications, including small placenta size,
stillbirth 死产 and low birth weight.
6. The
market will undervalue 低估，看轻 goods that
yield social benefits in excess of private
benefits
and will consequently produce too few
of these goods.
7. The alert library media
specialist will have recognized at once that
(mainstreaming) is, after all, a kind of
integration.
8. The new decoder uses an
amplitude locked-in combination with a phase
locked __loop_环___ to achieve this
breakthrough.
9. Geometrically, the inner
product of two vectors 向量，带菌者 can be
considered a measure of their
similarity.
10. They include a new way of controlling
waterborne diseases, and of administering
drugs to people with
chronic diseases.
七单元
1. The distance was not great enough
to obliterate 消灭，去除 details, it only made them
little, and mellow, and
dainty, like
landscapes and towns seen through the wrong end of
a spy-glass.
2. The water, however,
will encroach 侵占，侵犯 little by little on the
shore, the island becoming lower and
smaller,
and the space between the inner edge of the reef
and the beach proportionately broader.
3. To
remit 宽恕，减轻 the punishment of such crimes was,
he said, to encourage them.
4. Elizabeth also
wept and was unhappy, but hers also was the misery
of innocence, which, like a cloud that passes
over the fair moon, for a while hides but
cannot tarnish 晦暗，使失去光泽 its brightness.
5. When Ajax saw his mark he knew it and was
glad; he threw it to the ground and said,
and
I rejoice, for I shall___vanquish 征服，克服 _ Hector.
6. “Now, it is of no use, Peak,” said Sir
John, raising his hand in _deprecation 贬低，反对___ of
his delivering any
message; “I am not at
home.”
7. In submarine works, the workman,
clad in an _impervious 不受影响的 __ dress, with his
head in a metal helmet,
receives air from
above by means of forcing pumps and regulators.
8. Large __valances_挂布，帷幔_of silk, embroidered
with flowers of gay colors, which were rather
faded, fell from
the wide windows; the
fittings of the room were simple, but in excellent
taste
9. Perhaps had one been there to point
them out to us, we might have noted
_indentations_压痕，凹陷_in the mud, but
they were
countless, one overlapping another into a
confusion that would have been entirely
meaningless to us.
10. Their arms were rather
longer and their legs shorter in proportion to the
__torso_躯干，残缺不全的东西__than in
man, and later I
noticed that their great toes protruded at right
angles from their feet—because of their arboreal
habits, I
presume.
Vocabulary Check B
1. The sea laughed and flashed and preened and
allured, like a beautiful, __coquettish
妖艳的，迷人的______woman.
2. He has done me no harm,
poor wrench, but he is an __eyesore _ to me now,
for he is Driscoll, the young
gentleman, and I
am a—oh, I wish I was dead.
3. Does any secret
repugnance, or any __hereditary _遗传的，世袭的_____
dislike, exist between you and her family?
4.
And so the sailors fled into the stern and crowded
_bemused____ about the right-minded helmsman,
until suddenly
the lion sprang upon the master
and seized him; and when the sailors saw it they
leapt out overboard one and all into the
bright sea, escaping from a miserable fate,
and were changed into dolphins.
5. There must
be some good reasons for these
__dispensations_分配，豁免___ of fate, but I have never
sought to
discover them.
6. The rifle
hanging upon the wall caught his first attention;
it was for this strange, death-dealing thunder-
stick that he
had yearned for months; but now
that it was within his grasp he scarcely had the
_temerity_鲁莽，冒失__to seize it
7. And here,
instead of its being a matter
of__condolence_______, it turns out to be one of
congratulation
8. Upon this, Jones began to
beg earnestly to be let into this secret, and
faithfully promised not to _divulge_泄露__it.
9.
Consider that the poison was so
_virulent_剧毒的，恶性的，有恶意的_ that even a man who is as
strong as an ox
like Malone here, could hardly
get up the stairs before he fell unconscious.
10. Anne was sitting at her open window, for
the time forgetful of the woes of examinations and
the cares of the world,
as she drank in the
beauty of the summer dusk, sweet-scented with
flower breaths from the garden below and _sibilat_
____
and rustling from the stir of poplars.
21. We have a certain stereotypical
_preconception 偏见_____ of a person from a culture
and we interpret hisher
behaviour according to
this preconception, whether or not the reason for
the behaviour is what we think it.
22. Gap
in educational investment across regions will _
retard_延迟，妨碍____ the national economic development
as
a whole.
23. Opening the
labor market might risk some increase in
inequality in wages at least in the short run, as
the wages of
skilled workers are _ bid up投标__.
24. The market will undervalue 低估，看轻
goods that yield social benefits in excess of
private benefits and will
consequently produce
too few of these goods.
25. You have taken a
_perverse_堕落的，不正当的_ hatred to Peter; and you are
unreasonably angry with me because I
won’t
hate him.
26. One of the conditions of
_tenure__任期，占有，授予终身职位___ is that you must keep the
land under cultivation.
27. Even the
increase proposed will put pressure on Congress to
hold down other spending or dip into funds
for Social Security. ( earmarked )
28.
Unfortunately, what the farmers had gained in the
autumn harvest was _offset_____by the heavy losses
caused by a
snowstorm in the winter.
29.
The Arabs, on the other hand, coming from a
culture where much closer distance is the norm,
may be feeling that
the Americans are being
__standoffish_____.
30. Most little children
want a dog or a cat, and they continually
_pester_纠缠____ their mothers and fathers until
they
get one. It is only when the sweet little
thing has been brought home that the parents
realize how much time and money must
be spent
on “Tom” or “Bill”.
31. As television, and
to an extent the internet have
__permeated_渗透，弥漫，透过__further through our society,
the
effects are perhaps more significant than
even we realize.
32. “John has
no_siblings_兄弟姐妹，民族成员____. So when his parents
passed away, he inherited everything from
the
family---properties, bank savings, stocks and a
big house. He’s really living on easy street.”
33. Great efforts have been made to coordinate
unemployment __alleviation缓和，阵痛物____ and economic
development throughout the country.
34.
Upon this, Jones began to beg earnestly to be let
into this secret, and faithfully promised not to
_divulge泄露_____
it.
35. In Sudan,
deforestation in the last decade led to a
quadrupling of the time women spent gathering fuel
wood. This
stimulated efforts to promote
__afforestation_____ .
36. In Egypt, I saw
the pyramids and the damaged face of the Sphinx,
smiling a (an)_inscrutable______ smile. An
amazing journey!
37. There was so much
pain there, _inadvertently______ caused by both
sides over the years. I didn’t want to hurt them,
nor they me, but the harm had done and it was
irreversible.
38. Nobody will support such
a government that __encroaches_侵占___ on the rights
of individuals.
39. The development of
national __infrastructure____ will be sped up if
its officials at all levels become more
conscious of its significance in economic
growth.
40. With the rapid development of
modern society, the _vestige _____ of the ancient
civilization in the town is being
erased step
by step.
41. The _connotation_____ of
“white” in Chinese includes something unhappy. At
funerals, Chinese pay respect to the
dead and
express their sorrow by wearing white. In the
West, however, white is the traditional color for
the bride at
weddings, and to wear white at
funerals would be offensive.
42. When
people can’t explain a new phenomenon using their
knowledge, they will firstly try to understand the
new
phenomenon using the logic reference
of__analogy_类比，类推，类似___.
43. He has more
endurance; he can swim longer and _ steer_____ a
canoe better than any of his people.
’s this
new girl coming to my school, and I like her a
lot. I want to _cement ____ our friendship before
I start
a serious relationship.
45._
Tenacity______implies an active choice to cling to
something, not passively being carried along out
of inability to
imagine anything else.