英语专业听力教程4 答案4-4
广东私立华联学院-禁止寄递物品管理规定
Unit 3 Section One: Tactics for Listening
Part 1: Listening and Translation
score
higher than boys in almost every country. 2.
Differences between males and
females are a
continuing issue of fierce debate. 3. Cultural and
economic influences
play an important part..
4. But recent findings suggest that the answer may
lie in
differences between the male and female
brain. 5. These include differences in
learning rates.
Section Two Listening
Comprehension Part 1 Dialogue Exercise: Listen to
the
dialogue and filling the blanks with the
missing information. Serenading Service was
founded three years ago when the singer
realize that British people were desperate for
romance. He thought there would be a
clientele
for a hired serenader. The idea came from his
studies of Renaissance music,
which is full of
serenades. Over the centuries, university students
have turned the
serenade into an art form for
hire. Usually he is hired by men to sing love
songs to
women. Occasionally he is asked to
sing to men. The service is really a form of
intimate alfresco theatre with love songs. He
usually wears a white tie and tails and
sings
amorous Italian songs. He will carry chocolate
hearts or flowers and when there
is no balcony
available he will sing from trees or fire escapes!
The fee depends on
whether a musician comes
along or not. The basic rate is 450 but it can
cost a lot more
especially if he takes a
gondola and a group of musicians along. Some
people are so
moved that they burst into
tears, but some react badly. They try to find out
as much as
they can about their clients to
avoid unpleasant situations. They have to be very
careful these days because a serenade can be
completely misinterpreted.
Part 2 Passage
Ex. A. Pre-listening Question What memory
strategies do you know
that can help you
remember things better
1) Brain
prioritizes by meaning, value and relevance. 2)
Your attitude has much to do
with whether you
remember something or not. 3) Your understanding
of new
materials depends on what you already
know. 4) You can learn and remember better
if
you can group ideas into some sort of meaningful
categories or groups. 5) The
brain's quickest
and probably the longest-lasting response is to
images. 6) Memory is
increased when facts to
be learned are consciously associated with
something familiar
to you.
Ex. B:
Sentence Dictation ics are methods for remembering
information
that is otherwise quite difficult
to recall. 2. Our brains evolved to code and
interpret
complex stimuli such as images,
colors, structures, sounds, smells, tastes, touch,
positions, emotions and language. 3. While
language is one of the most important
aspects
of human evolution, it is only one of the many
skills and resources available
to our minds.
4. Association is the method by which you link a
thing to be
remembered
to a way of
remembering it.. 5. Location gives you two things:
a coherent context into
which you can place
information, and a way of separating one mnemonic
from
another.
Ex. C: Detailed
Listening. 1. Mnemonics are tools which can help
you to improve
your memory. T. (Memory tools
can help you to improve your memory.
is
another word for memory tool.) 2. The fundamental
principle of mnemonics is to
make full use of
the best functions of the brain to store
information. T (The basic
principle of
mnemonics is to use as many of the best functions
of your brain as
possible to store
information.) 3. Information we have to remember
is almost always
presented in different ways.
F (Unfortunately information we have to remember
is
almost always presented in only one way--as
words printed on a page.) 4. We can do
four
things to form striking images, which will help to
make our mnemonics more
memorable. T ( Use
positive, pleasant images; use vivid, colorful,
sense-laden images;
use all your senses to
code information or dress up an image; give our
image three
dimensions, movement and space.)
5. There is one basic principle in the
use of mnemonics. F (There are three
fundamental principles underlying the use of
mnemonics: imagination, association
and
location) 6. Association is what we use to create
and strengthen imagination. F
(Imagination is
what you use to create and strengthen the
associations needed to
create effective
mnemonics.) 7. You can choose the imagery in your
mnemonics as
you like T (The imagery you use
in your mnemonics can be as violent, vivid, or
sensual as you like, as long as it help you to
remember.) 8. You can create
associations by
linking things using the same stimuli. T. (You can
create associations
by linking them using the
same color, smell, shape, or feeling.)
Ex. D: After-listening Discussion 1. What is
the basic principle of mnemonics Why
can we
improve our memory by following the principle To
use as many of the best
functions of your
brain as possible to store information. Evolved to
code and interpret
complex stimuli.
sophisticated models of the world. Our memories
store all of these
effectively. However,
information is presented in only one way. Language
is only one
Use these to make
of the
many skills and resources available to our minds.
By coding languages and
numbers in striking
images, can reliable code both information and
structure of
information. Then easily recall
these later. 2. Why is a good memory important to
us
Open.
Section Three News News Item
1 Ex. A: Summarize the news This news item is
about the Somali pirates¡¯ strike.
Ex. B: Listen to the news again and answer the
questions. 1. Whether this latest
attempted
hijacking was the promised revenge for the killing
of three Somali pirates
by the US navy isn't
clear. 2. No, the pirates haven¡¯t been deferred.
3. Because the
financial rewards for a
successful hijacking remain so great and Somalia
remains so
lawless. 4. At any one time there
are only fifteen to eighteen international
warships in
the area to police an expanse of
sea covering more than a million square
kilometres. 5.
It may be because of the
relatively small scale of the problem.
Tape script of News Item One: The piracy
problem looks like it's here to stay despite
the recent muscular interventions by the
French and American navies. Whether this
latest attempted hijacking was the promised
revenge for the killing of three Somali
pirates by the US navy isn't clear. But it
does suggest at the very least that the pirates
haven't been deterred. So why does the problem
persist Put simply maritime security
analysts
say piracy will continue as long as the financial
rewards for a successful
hijacking
remain so great and Somalia remains so lawless.
Certainly the international
effort to thwart
the problem is relatively limited. At any one time
there are only
fifteen to eighteen
international warships in the area to police an
expanse of sea
covering more than a million
square kilometres. Although it has been suggested
that
raids could be mounted on the pirates'
home towns, it seems unlikely there'll be any
major increase in the military effort unless
there's a spectacular hijacking involving
the
deaths of many crew members. The reluctance to
mount a major international
naval operation in
the area may also be down to the relatively small
scale of the
problem. Last year, according to
figures from the International Maritime Bureau,
nearly twenty three thousand ships passed
through the Gulf of Aden. Only ninety two
were
hijacked.
Rob Watson, BBC News
News Item 2 Ex. A: Listen to the news and
complete the summary This news item is
about
Obama¡¯s military plan in Afghanistan.
Ex. B: True or false.
1.
The
President is considering leaving Afghanistan. F.
(The President is making it clear
that leaving
Afghanistan is not an option.)
2. Obama
wouldn¡¯t shrink the number of troops in
Afghanistan, neither would he
deploy more
military troops. T. 3. President Obama thought his
assessment would be
some
Republicans and
members of the President's own party are dubious
about committing
more resources and military
personnel to a conflict where there is no end in
sight.) 5.
The conflict in Afghanistan seems
to be over soon.
F. (¡about committing
more resources and military personnel to a
conflict where there
is no end in sight.) 6.
Afghanistan can be the second Vietnam. T. (The
word 'Vietnam'
is heard more and more on
Capitol Hill.) Script of News Item Two: The
President is
making it clear that leaving
Afghanistan is not an option. It's not on the
table.
According to one White House source, he
told the meeting that he wouldn't shrink the
number of troops in Afghanistan or opt for a
strategy of merely targeting al-Qaeda
leaders.
But he wouldn't be drawn on the military request
for more troops. There
appears to be a
frustration that the review of strategy has
sometimes been portrayed in
black-and-white
terms of a massive increase or reduction of troop
numbers. President
Obama told the group made
up of the most senior Republican and Democrat
senators
and congressmen that his assessment
would be
going on too long for some
Republicans and members of the President's own
party are
dubious about committing more
resources and military personnel to a conflict
where
there is no end in sight. The word
'Vietnam' is heard more and more on Capitol Hill.
The President was certainly right when he said
his final decision wouldn't make
everyone in
the room, or the country, happy.
Mark
Mardell, BBC News, Washington
News Item 3
Ex. A: Listen and summarize the news item This
news item is about
fragile peace that
returns to Gaza.
Ex. B: Listen again and
fill in the blanks. There were traffic jams on the
road north,
families heading to Gaza City to
reunite with friends and relatives. Long lines of
cars
backed up at the makeshift roadblocks the
Israelis have left behind. But the tanks are
gone, only the deep tracks remain. There were
buildings pitted with Israeli tank
rounds;
from the holes that have been punched in the walls
it was clear there had also
been snipers
waiting for them. North of Khan Younis we saw some
of the Qassam
fighters returning home, their
rifles slung lazily around their shoulders. For
three
weeks the Israelis pounded the tunnels
that run beneath the perimeter wall but last
night we met people who insist that some of
these tunnels are still open and still some
fuel is being pumped from the Egyptian sider.
If the border crossings remain close,
say the
Palestinians, these tunnels are their only link to
the outside world.
Script of News Item 3
There were traffic jams on the road north,
families heading to
Gaza City to reunite with
friends and relatives. Long lines of cars backed
up at the
makeshift roadblocks the Israelis
have left behind. But the tanks are gone, only the
deep tracks remain. There were buildings
pitted with Israeli tank rounds; from the
holes that have been punched in the walls it
was clear there had also been snipers
waiting
for them. North of Khan Younis we saw some of the
Qassam fighters
returning home, their rifles
slung lazily around their shoulders. The
destruction we've
seen has largely been
inflicted on the Hamas infrastructure: police
stations, military
outposts, government
buildings, so far the most extensive damage - that
at the border
in Rafah where nothing was
spared. For three weeks the Israelis pounded the
tunnels
that run beneath the perimeter wall
but last night we met people who insist that some
of these tunnels are still open and still some
fuel is being pumped from the Egyptian
side;
impossible for us to verify independently, but
they say they are determined to
reopen them
and to dig them deeper. If the border crossings
remain close, say the
Palestinians, these
tunnels are their only link to the outside world.
Christian Fraser,
BBC News, Gaza
Section Four Part 1 Feature report Exercise A:
This news report is about the
recreation of
the prehistoric world in Liaoning, China, based on
the scientific findings
on fossils discovered
there. Exercise B: 1. 35 prehistoric animals were
created. 2.
They recreated the extinct beasts
through the marriage of science, art and
technology.
3. The exhibit is not behind the
glass or otherwise enclosed, so visitors are eye
to eye
with extinct beasts. It is displayed in
this way so that visitors will feel as if they¡¯ve
stepped into a Chinese forest 130 million
years in the past. 4. He says it¡¯s accurate
because every single plant, every insect,
every organic feature in it actually represents
something that has been found as a fossil in
northeastern China. 5. The only thing
scientists had to make up is what color some
of the animals were. 6. According to
Michael
Novacek, birds are living dinosaurs. 7. They study
the movements of
commonplace turkeys, chickens
and
ostriches to learn how similarly-
built dinosaurs would stand or walk. 8. By using
high-tech imagery, fossils, and the knowledge
gained from the biology of barnyard
animals,
scientists now estimate the giant T-Rex could
reach speeds of 16 kilometers
per hour, far
slower that the more than 70 kilometers per hour
previously thought.
Script£º Dinosaur
Discoveries Made Possible through Art, Technology,
Modern
Livestock The rolling hills of a
province in northeastern China are now terraced
for
farming, but beneath that farmland are
clues to a prehistoric world unlike any seen by
human eyes - until this week. Some 130 million
years after dinosaurs roamed the
Liaoning
forest, the world has been painstakingly recreated
in New York City's
American Museum of Natural
History. The sound of the prehistoric forest is
one of
the few things that has been imagined
in this 65 square-meter diorama. The gingko
leaves, piney trees and life-sized models of
35 prehistoric animals were created
through
the marriage of science, art and technology, as
every detail, down to the
sleeping pose of a
dinosaur, is based on scientific findings.
The exhibit is not behind glass or otherwise
enclosed, so visitors are eye-to-eye with
extinct beasts, feeling as if they've stepped
into a Chinese forest 130 million years in
the
past. Mark Norell is a paleontologist who has
worked in Liaoning, searching for
clues to
recreate this prehistoric world.
insect, every
organic feature in it actually represents
something that has been found as
a fossil in
northeastern China,
make up a little bit is
what color some the animals were. Even though we
know some
of theme were patterned, but we know
definitely that they were patterned, because we
can see that is the soft tissue remains, but
we don't know what color they were but we
try
to be a little conservative in that regard, but
nevertheless all the feathers you see,
all the
weird tail structures you see, is all stuff we
found as fossils.
gingko trees, a feathered
bird-like dinosaur chases on two legs after a
large winged
insect, the dinosaur's beak-like
mouth open to reveal rows of jagged teeth. A
sleeping
dinosaur tucks its head beneath its
arm, much as a modern goose tucks its head
beneath its wing.
The museum's
curator of paleontology, Michael Novacek, explains
that it is necessary
to understand birds in
order to better understand extinct creatures.
are so important to us is really a fact we
weren't so aware of 10, 20 years ago is that
birds are living dinosaurs. They're not just
related to dinosaurs. They are dinosaurs,
he
stressed.
go completely extinct. One group,
the birds, survived.
movements of commonplace
turkeys, chickens and ostriches to learn how
similarly
built dinosaurs would stand or walk.
Researchers even created a computer model of a
giant chicken to learn more about the
movements of the ever popular Tyrannosaurus
Rex. By using high tech imagery, fossils, and
the knowledge gained from the biology
of
barnyard animals, scientists now estimate the
giant T-Rex could reach speeds of 16
kilometers per hour, far slower than the more
than 70 kilometers per hour previously
thought. These scientific findings are passed
along to model designers, such as the
creator
of a six-foot-long mechanical T-Rex, a highlight
of the new exhibit. The
menacing skeleton's
tail sways and its head bobs as the extinct
dinosaur shifts its
weight, plodding in place
- yet another example of the
never-
before-seen becoming altogether real when science
and technology meet art.
Part 2 Passage
Exercise B 1. The goal of this study was to
determine what type of
¡°gaze¡± is required to
have this effect. 2. The Queen¡¯s study showed
that the total
amount of gaze received during
a group conversation is more important than when
the
eye contact occurs. 3. The eye contact
experiment used computer-generated images
form
actors who conveyed different levels of attention.
4. The researchers concluded
that
people in group discussions will speak up more if
they receive a greater amount
of eye contact
from other group members. 5. The effect of eye
gaze has literally
fascinated people
throughout the ages. 6. Exercise C 1. A 2. D 3. A
4. D 5. A 6. C 7.
B 8. B
Exercise D
1. The eye contact experiment used computer-
generated images from
actors who conveyed
different levels of attention (gazing at the
subject, gazing at the other actor, looking
away, and looking down). These images
were
presented to the subjects, who believed they were
in an actual three-way video
conferencing
situation, attempting to solve language puzzles.
Two conditions were
studied: synchronized
(where eye contact is made while the subject is
speaking) and
random contact, received at any
time in the conversation. The researchers
concluded
that people in group discussions
will speak up more if they receive a greater
amount
of eye contact from other group members
and the total amount of gaze received
during a
group conversation is more important than when the
eye contact occurs. 2.
Open. Script: Eye
Contact Shown To Affect Conversation Patterns,
Group
Problem-Solving Ability Noting that the
eyes have long been described as mirrors of
the soul, a Queen's computer scientist is
studying the effect of eye gaze on
conversation and the implications for new-age
technologies, ranging from video
conferencing
to speech recognition systems. Dr. Roel Vertegaal,
who is presenting a
paper on eye gaze at an
international conference in New Orleans this week,
has found
evidence to suggest a strong link
between the amount of eye contact people receive
and their degree of participation in group
communications. Eye
contact is known to
increase the number of turns a person will take
when part of a
group conversation. The goal of
this study was to determine what type of
(looking at a person's eyes and face) is
required to have this effect. Two conditions
were studied: synchronized (where eye contact
is made while the subject is speaking)
and
random contact, received at any time in the
conversation. The Queen's study
showed that
the total amount of gaze received during a group
conversation is more
important than when the
eye contact occurs. The findings have important
implications
for the design of future
communication devices, including more user-
friendly and
sensitive video conferencing
systems ¨C a technology increasingly chosen in
business
for economic and time-saving reasons
¨C and Collaborative Virtual Environments
(CVEs) which support communication between
people and machines. Dr. Vertegaal's
group is
also implementing these findings to facilitate
user interactions with large
groups of
computers such as personal digital assistants and
cellular phones. The eye
contact experiment
used computer-generated images from actors who
conveyed
different levels of attention (gazing
at the subject, gazing at the other actor, looking
away, and looking down). These images were
presented to the subjects, who believed
they
were in an actual three-way video conferencing
situation, attempting to solve
language
puzzles. The researchers concluded that people
in group discussions will speak up
more if
they receive a greater amount of eye contact from
other group members.
There was no relationship
between the impact of the eye contact and when it
occurred.
Vertegaal, whose paper,
Explaining Effects of Eye Gaze on Mediated Group
Conversations: Amount or Synchronization was
presented this week at the
Association
for Computing Machinery (ACM) Conference on
Computer Supported
Cooperative Work.
story
of Ereshkigal, goddess of the underworld, who had
the power to kill Inanna,
goddess of love,
with a deadly eye,
to build more sophisticated
conversational interfaces that mirror the
communicative
capabilities of their users, it
has become clear we need to learn more about
communicative functions of gaze behaviors.