(完整word版)《听力教程》4Unit3答案
食品安全检查计划-滴滴专车加盟条件
A Listening Course 4
施心远主编《听力教程》4
(第2版)答案
Unit 3
1: Listening and
Translation
score higher than boys in almost
every country.
几乎在所有国家里，女孩子都比男孩子得分高。
2.
Differences between males and females are a
continuing issue of fierce
debate.
男女差异一直是激烈争论的焦点。
3. Cultural and economic
influences play an important part.
文化和经济影响起着重要的作用。
4. But recent findings
suggest that the answer may lie in differences
between the male and female brain.
但是最新的发现提示，答案也许在男女大脑的差异。
include
differences in learning rates.
这些包括学习速度上的差异。
Section Two Listening Comprehension
Part 1 Dialogue
Exercise: Listen to the
dialogue and filling the blanks with the missing
information.
Serenading Service was
founded three years ago when the singer realize
that British people were desperate for
romance. He thought there would
be a clientele
for a hired serenader. The idea came from his
studies of
Renaissance music, which is full of
serenades. Over the centuries,
university
students have turned the serenade into an art form
for hire.
Usually he is hired by men to sing
love songs to women. Occasionally he
is asked
to sing to men. The service is really a form of
intimate alfresco
theatre with love songs. He
usually wears a white tie and tails and sings
amorous Italian songs. He will carry chocolate
hearts or flowers and
when there is no balcony
available he will sing from trees or fire escapes!
The fee depends on whether a musician comes
along or not. The basic
rate is ?450 but it
can cost a lot more especially if he takes a
gondola and
a group of musicians along. Some
people are so moved that they burst
into
tears, but some react badly. They try to find out
as much as they can
about their clients to
avoid unpleasant situations. They have to be very
careful these days because a serenade can be
completely misinterpreted.
Part 2
Passage
Ex. A. Pre-listening Question
What memory strategies do you know that can
help you remember things
better?
1) Brain
prioritizes by meaning, value and relevance.
2) Your attitude has much to do with whether
you remember something or
not.
3)
Your understanding of new materials depends on
what you already
know.
4) You can learn
and remember better if you can group ideas into
some
sort of meaningful categories or groups.
5) The brain's quickest and probably the
longest-lasting response is to
images.
6)
Memory is increased when facts to be learned are
consciously
associated with something familiar
to you.
Ex. B: Sentence Dictation
1. Mnemonics are methods for remembering
information that is otherwise
quite difficult
to recall.
2. Our brains evolved to code and
interpret complex stimuli such as
images,
colors, structures, sounds, smells, tastes, touch,
positions,
emotions and language.
3.
While language is one of the most important
aspects of human
evolution, it is only one of
the many skills and resources available to our
minds.
4. Association is the method by
which you link a thing to be remembered
to a
way of remembering it.
5. Location gives you
two things: a coherent context into which you can
place information, and a way of
separating one mnemonic from another.
Ex. C: Detailed Listening.
1. Mnemonics
are tools which can help you to improve your
memory. T.
(Memory tools can help you to
improve your memory. is
another word for
memory tool.)
2. The fundamental principle of
mnemonics is to make full use of the best
functions of the brain to store information. T
(The basic principle of
mnemonics is to use as
many of the best functions of your brain as
possible to store information.)
3.
Information we have to remember is almost always
presented in
different ways. F (Unfortunately
information we have to remember is
almost
always presented in only one way--as words printed
on a page.)
4. We can do four things to form
striking images, which will help to make
our
mnemonics more memorable. T ( Use positive,
pleasant images; use
vivid, colorful, sense-
laden images; use all your senses to code
information or dress up an image; give our
image three dimensions,
movement and space.)
5. There is one basic principle in the use of
mnemonics. F (There are
three fundamental
principles underlying the use of mnemonics:
imagination, association and location)
6.
Association is what we use to create and
strengthen imagination. F
(Imagination
is what you use to create and strengthen the
associations
needed to create effective
mnemonics.)
7. You can choose the imagery in
your mnemonics as you like T (The
imagery you
use in your mnemonics can be as violent, vivid, or
sensual
as you like, as long as it help you to
remember.)
8. You can create associations by
linking things using the same stimuli. T.
(You
can create associations by linking them using the
same color, smell,
shape, or feeling.)
Ex. D: After-listening Discussion
1. What
is the basic principle of mnemonics? Why can we
improve our
memory by following the principle?
To use as many of the best functions
of your
brain as possible to store information. Evolved to
code and
interpret complex stimuli.
sophisticated models of the world. Our
memories store all of these effectively.
However, information is presented
in only one
way. Language is only one Use these to make of the
many
skills and resources available to our
minds. By coding languages and
numbers in
striking images, can reliable code both
information and
structure of information. Then
easily recall these later.
2. Why is a good
memory important to us?
Open.
Section Three : News
News Item 1
Ex. A: Summarize the news
This news item
is about the Somali pirates’ strike.
Ex.
B: Listen to the news again and answer the
questions.
1. Whether this latest attempted
hijacking was the promised revenge for
the
killing of three Somali pirates by the US navy
isn't clear.
2. No, the pirates haven’t been
deferred.
3. Because the financial rewards
for a successful hijacking remain so
great and
Somalia remains so lawless.
4. At any one
time there are only fifteen to eighteen
international
warships in the area to police
an expanse of sea covering more than a
million
square kilometres.
5. It may be because of
the relatively small scale of the problem.
Tape script of News Item One: The piracy
problem looks like it's here to
stay despite
the recent muscular interventions by the French
and
American navies. Whether this latest
attempted hijacking was the
promised revenge
for the killing of three Somali pirates by the US
navy
isn't clear. But it does suggest at the
very least that the pirates haven't
been
deterred. So why does the problem persist? Put
simply maritime
security analysts say
piracy will continue as long as the financial
rewards
for a successful hijacking remain so
great and Somalia remains so lawless.
Certainly the international effort to thwart
the problem is relatively
limited. At any one
time there are only fifteen to eighteen
international
warships in the area to police
an expanse of sea covering more than a
million
square kilometres. Although it has been suggested
that raids could
be mounted on the pirates'
home towns, it seems unlikely there'll be any
major increase in the military effort unless
there's a spectacular hijacking
involving the
deaths of many crew members. The reluctance to
mount a
major international naval operation in
the area may also be down to the
relatively
small scale of the problem. Last year, according
to figures from
the International Maritime
Bureau, nearly twenty three thousand ships
passed through the Gulf of Aden. Only ninety
two were hijacked. Rob
Watson, BBC News
News Item 2
Ex. A: Listen to the news and
complete the summary
This news item is about
Obama’s military plan in Afghanistan.
Ex. B: True or false.
1. The President is
considering leaving Afghanistan. F. (The President
is
making it clear that leaving Afghanistan is
not an option.)
2. Obama wouldn’t
shrink the number of troops in Afghanistan,
neither
would he deploy more military troops.
T. 3. President Obama thought his
assessment
would be
4. Opinions against Obama are not
heard. F. (…some Republicans and
members of
the President's own party are dubious about
committing more
resources and military
personnel to a conflict where there is no end in
sight.) 5. The conflict in Afghanistan seems
to be over soon. F. (…about
committing more
resources and military personnel to a conflict
where
there is no end in sight.)
6.
Afghanistan can be the second Vietnam. T. (The
word 'Vietnam' is
heard more and more on
Capitol Hill.)
Script of News Item Two:
The President is making it clear that leaving
Afghanistan is not an option. It's not on the
table. According to one White
House source, he
told the meeting that he wouldn't shrink the
number of
troops in Afghanistan or opt for a
strategy of merely targeting al-Qaeda
leaders.
But he wouldn't be drawn on the military request
for more troops.
There appears to be a
frustration that the review of strategy has
sometimes been portrayed in black-and-white
terms of a massive increase
or reduction of
troop numbers. President Obama told the group made
up
of the most senior Republican and Democrat
senators and congressmen
that his assessment
would be
too long for some Republicans
and members of the President's own party
are
dubious about committing more resources and
military personnel to a
conflict where there
is no end in sight. The word 'Vietnam' is heard
more
and more on Capitol Hill. The President
was certainly right when he said
his final
decision wouldn't make everyone in the room, or
the country,
happy. Mark Mardell, BBC News,
Washington
News Item 3
Ex. A:
Listen and summarize the news item
This news
item is about fragile peace that returns to Gaza.
Ex. B: Listen again and fill in the
blanks.
There were traffic jams on the road
north, families heading to Gaza City
to
reunite with friends and relatives. Long lines of
cars backed up at the
makeshift roadblocks the
Israelis have left behind. But the tanks are gone,
only the deep tracks remain. There were
buildings pitted with Israeli tank
rounds;
from the holes that have been punched in the walls
it was clear
there had also been snipers
waiting for them. North of Khan Younis we
saw
some of the Qassam fighters returning home, their
rifles slung lazily
around their shoulders.
For three weeks the Israelis pounded the tunnels
that run beneath the perimeter wall but last
night we met people who
insist that some of
these tunnels are still open and still some fuel
is being
pumped from the Egyptian
sider. If the border crossings remain close, say
the Palestinians, these tunnels are their only
link to the outside world.
Section Four
Part 1 Feature report
Exercise A: This
news report is about the recreation of the
prehistoric
world in Liaoning, China, based on
the scientific findings on fossils
discovered
there.
Exercise B:
1. 35 prehistoric
animals were created.
2. They recreated the
extinct beasts through the marriage of science,
art
and technology.
3. The exhibit is not
behind the glass or otherwise enclosed, so
visitors
are eye to eye with extinct beasts.
It is displayed in this way so that
visitors
will feel as if they’ve stepped into a Chinese
forest 130 million
years in the past.
4.
He says it’s accurate because every single plant,
every insect, every
organic feature in it
actually represents something that has been found
as
a fossil in northeastern China.
5. The
only thing scientists had to make up is what color
some of the
animals were.
6.
According to Michael Novacek, birds are living
dinosaurs.
7. They study the movements of
commonplace turkeys, chickens and
ostriches to
learn how similarly-built dinosaurs would stand or
walk.
8. By using high-tech imagery, fossils,
and the knowledge gained from
the biology of
barnyard animals, scientists now estimate the
giant T-Rex
could reach speeds of 16
kilometers per hour, far slower that the more
than 70 kilometers per hour previously
thought.
Script： Dinosaur
Discoveries Made Possible through Art, Technology,
Modern Livestock The rolling hills of a
province in northeastern China
are now
terraced for farming, but beneath that farmland
are clues to a
prehistoric world unlike any
seen by human eyes - until this week. Some
130
million years after dinosaurs roamed the Liaoning
forest, the world
has been painstakingly
recreated in New York City's American Museum
of Natural History. The sound of the
prehistoric forest is one of the few
things
that has been imagined in this 65 square-meter
diorama. The
gingko leaves, piney trees and
life-sized models of 35 prehistoric animals
were created through the marriage of science,
art and technology, as
every detail, down to
the sleeping pose of a dinosaur, is based on
scientific findings.
The exhibit is not
behind glass or otherwise enclosed, so visitors
are
eye-to-eye with extinct beasts,
feeling as if they've stepped into a Chinese
forest 130 million years in the past. Mark
Norell is a paleontologist who
has worked in
Liaoning, searching for clues to recreate this
prehistoric
world. accurate because every
single plant, every insect, every
organic
feature in it actually represents something that
has been found as
a fossil in northeastern
China,
had to sort of make up a little bit is
what color some the animals were.
Even though
we know some of theme were patterned, but we know
definitely that they were patterned, because
we can see that is the soft
tissue remains,
but we don't know what color they were but we try
to be a
little conservative in that regard,
but nevertheless all the feathers you see,
all
the weird tail structures you see, is all stuff we
found as fossils.
Underneath the gingko trees,
a feathered bird-like dinosaur chases on two
legs after a large winged insect, the
dinosaur's beak-like mouth open to
reveal rows
of jagged teeth. A sleeping dinosaur tucks its
head beneath its
arm, much as a modern goose
tucks its head beneath its wing. The
museum's
curator of paleontology, Michael Novacek, explains
that it is
necessary to understand birds in
order to better understand extinct
creatures.
reason birds are so important to us is really a
fact we
weren't so aware of 10, 20 years ago
is that birds are living dinosaurs.
They're
not just related to dinosaurs. They are
dinosaurs,he stressed.
go
completely extinct. One group, the birds, ists
study
the movements of commonplace turkeys,
chickens and ostriches to learn
how similarly
built dinosaurs would stand or walk. Researchers
even
created a computer model of a giant
chicken to learn more about the
movements of
the ever popular Tyrannosaurus Rex. By using high
tech
imagery, fossils, and the knowledge
gained from the biology of barnyard
animals,
scientists now estimate the giant T-Rex could
reach speeds of 16
kilometers per hour, far
slower than the more than 70 kilometers per hour
previously thought. These scientific findings
are passed along to model
designers, such as
the creator of a six-foot-long mechanical T-Rex, a
highlight of the new exhibit. The menacing
skeleton's tail sways and its
head bobs as the
extinct dinosaur shifts its weight, plodding in
place - yet
another example of the never-
before-seen becoming altogether real when
science and technology meet art.
Part 2
Passage
Exercise B
1.
The goal of this study was to determine what type
of “gaze” is required
to have this effect.
2. The Queen’s study showed that the total
amount of gaze received
during a group
conversation is more important than when the eye
contact
occurs.
3. The eye contact
experiment used computer-generated images form
actors who conveyed different levels of
attention.
4. The researchers concluded that
people in group discussions will speak
up more
if they receive a greater amount of eye contact
from other group
members.
5. The effect
of eye gaze has literally fascinated people
throughout the
ages.
Exercise C
1. A 2. D 3. A 4. D 5. A 6. C 7. B 8. B
Exercise D
1. The eye contact experiment
used computer-generated images from
actors who
conveyed different levels of attention (gazing at
the subject,
gazing at the other actor,
looking away, and looking down). These images
were presented to the subjects, who believed
they were in an actual
three-way video
conferencing situation, attempting to solve
language
puzzles. Two conditions were studied:
synchronized (where eye contact is
made while
the subject is speaking) and random contact,
received at any
time in the conversation. The
researchers concluded that people in group
discussions will speak up more if they receive
a greater amount of eye
contact from
other group members and the total amount of gaze
received
during a group conversation is more
important than when the eye contact
occurs.
2. Open.
Script: Eye Contact Shown
To Affect Conversation Patterns, Group
Problem-Solving Ability Noting that the eyes
have long been described as
mirrors of the
soul, a Queen's computer scientist is studying the
effect of
eye gaze on conversation and the
implications for new-age technologies,
ranging
from video conferencing to speech recognition
systems. Dr. Roel
Vertegaal, who is presenting
a paper on eye gaze at an international
conference in New Orleans this week, has found
evidence to suggest a
strong link between the
amount of eye contact people receive and their
degree of participation in group
communications. Eye contact is known to
increase the number of turns a person will
take when part of a group
conversation. The
goal of this study was to determine what type of
(looking at a person's eyes and face) is
required to have this effect. Two
conditions
were studied: synchronized (where eye contact is
made while
the subject is speaking) and random
contact, received at any time in the
conversation. The Queen's study showed that
the total amount of gaze
received during a
group conversation is more important than when the
eye contact occurs. The findings have
important implications for the
design
of future communication devices, including more
user-friendly
and sensitive video conferencing
systems – a technology increasingly
chosen in
business for economic and time-saving reasons –
and
Collaborative Virtual Environments (CVEs)
which support
communication between people and
machines. Dr. Vertegaal's group is
also
implementing these findings to facilitate user
interactions with large
groups of computers
such as personal digital assistants and cellular
phones. The eye contact experiment used
computer-generated images
from actors who
conveyed different levels of attention (gazing at
the
subject, gazing at the other actor,
looking away, and looking down).
These images
were presented to the subjects, who believed they
were in
an actual three-way video conferencing
situation, attempting to solve
language
puzzles. The researchers concluded that people in
group
discussions will speak up more if they
receive a greater amount of eye
contact from
other group members. There was no relationship
between
the impact of the eye contact and when
it occurred. effect of eye
gaze has literally
fascinated people throughout the ages,says Dr.
Vertegaal, whose paper, Explaining Effects of
Eye Gaze on Mediated
Group Conversations:
Amount or Synchronization? was presented this
week at the Association for Computing
Machinery (ACM) Conference on
Computer
Supported Cooperative Work. clay tablets dating
back to 3000 BC already tell the story of
Ereshkigal, goddess of the
underworld,
who had the power to kill Inanna, goddess of love,
with a
deadly eye,says Dr. Vertegaal. that we
are attempting to build
more sophisticated
conversational interfaces that mirror the
communicative capabilities of their users, it
has become clear we need to
learn more about
communicative functions of gaze behaviors.