北京师范大学教务处-教师年度考核个人总结

Key to sentence 15, unit 2
In the contemporary period, Shanghai as a metropolis infested by foreign adventurers. since the
opening of its commercial port, there was a bitter, blood-and-tear history of many miseries and
inequalities. Referred to as the Paradise of Adventurers, Shanghai was indeed home to “human
sludge and filth” where one could find opium, dissolute women and gamblers. It was a place
that made people indulge in luxury, dissipation and sensuous pleasures, even inducing people to
become degenerate. However, there is a different picture of Shanghai as a modern metropolis.
It has been full of vitality and vigor, displaying its unique intelligence and wisdom, characterized
by an innovative and enterprising spirit. It has the courage to assume risks and is in possession
of both the awareness and mechanism of competition. Such a metropolitan mentality inspires
its residents, encouraging them to keep abreast with the changing epochs and to make efforts
toward greater progress.
Unit 5 Company Introductions
I. Company Introduction
1. Fixed Expressions
engage in, handle a large range of business including….
holdabide by the principles of….., based by the motto of the company, with the enterprise
spirit of….
approved, appointed, permitted feature, integrate, combine
foreign-funded enterprise joint venture cooperative enterprise
wholly foreign- owned enterprise
2. Translation and Tranlatorese(翻译腔)
翻译腔,是指一种带有生硬外语风格的翻译方式,是翻译实践中的常见病
。
(1) Their strength lay only in the lack of consciousness on the part of people.
他们的力量就在于人民缺乏觉悟。
他们之所以显得强大，是因为人民哈没有觉悟起来。
(2) Fujimori’s parents were cotton pickers in Peru until they opened a tailor shop in
downtown Lima.
藤森的父母在秘鲁采摘棉花为生，一直到他们在利马商业区开设裁缝店为止。
藤森的父母原本在秘鲁采摘棉花为生，后来他们改行杂利马商业区开裁缝店。
(3) There were many forces at work which made virtually inevitable the discovery of
America at about the time Columbus accomplished it.
有许 多使美洲的发现俺成为实际上不可避免的事的力量已经在哥伦布完成这一发明时
期前后起着作用。 美洲的发现实际上是势所必然的，因为哥伦布到达美洲的前后时期，就已经有许多重
要因素在起作用 。
(4) 轻纺工业产品的花色品种增多。
The designs and variety of light industrial and textile products have increased.
Light industry and textile products are now available in better designs and richer variety.
(5) 为了实现信息化数据化，……
In order to achieve the goal of being fully equipped with information and data, …..
In order to achieve informationization and datumization, ……
(6) 密码secret code 大片big movie 方便面convenient noodles 隐形眼
镜invisible glass 青春痘youth spot 保税区tax-protected zone
3. Passage Translation
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When a corporation expands its activities across its borders and engages in international
trade, it could be on the way to become a multinational corporation. A multinational
corporation has industrial and commercial organizations in foreign countries. Manufacturing
plants are established abroad, in conjunction with supporting marketing systems. Decisions
made in a multinational corporation are locally inspired. But major decisions are made by a
central management, located in the country of origin of the multinational corporation.
Decisions made by the managers of a multinational corporation not only reflect their
domestic situation but also are concerned with the international implications.
II. AmplificationAddition(增译) and Omission(减译)
1. Addition
Addition means supplying necessary words in translation, making the version grammatically
correct, semantically clear, rhetorically sound, logically acceptable, and culturally
appropriate. Cases when word- addition should be applied:
a. to make the translation grammatically complete
b. add a word or phrase implied in the source language
c. give an explanation to something unique in Chinese.
(1) Examples
a. Tom Canty, born in rags and dirt and misery, what sight is this! (Mark Twain: The Prince
and the Pauper).
译文一：啊，汤姆·康第，生在破烂、肮脏和苦难中，现在这番景象却是多么显赫
啊！
译文二：汤姆·康第
原来
(who was born)生在
可怜巴巴的人家
(in misery)，
穿得
破破烂烂
(in rags)，
一身
邋里邋遢(in dirt)，
现在
(what sight is this)
换了
这身
装束
，啊，是何等气
派!
b. Every family is said to have at least one skeleton in the cupboard.
c. Advice and correction roll off him like water off a duck’s back.
d. A book, tight shut, is but a block of paper.
译文一：—本书，紧紧合上，只是—叠纸。
译文二：—本书，如果紧紧合上不读，只是—叠纸。
译文三：一本书，如果紧紧合上不读，只是一叠废纸。
译文四：闲置之书只是一叠废纸。
e. Success is often just an idea away．
译文一：成功往往只是一个念头的距离。 译文二：成功往往只是一念之差。
译文三：成功与否往往只是—念之差。
f. Great contributions gratitude ingratitude grotesque
hesitate in chaos careless rumor
g. She felt the flowers were in her fingers, on her lips, growing in her breast.
These early cars were slow, clumsy, and inefficient.
Recourse to arms is not the best solution to a quarrel between countries.
When Japanese companies set out to break into a market, short-term profitability seldom
enters the picture.
The agreement may be reached before or after the occurrence of a dispute.
Unless one is aware of the importance of promptness, he may end up insulting the people
with whom he hopes to establish trade relations.
Only very slight and very scattering ripples of half-hearted hand- clapping greeted him.
He is Robin Hood and the Scarlet Pimpernel rolled into one.

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2. Omission
(1) By omission we mean we properly omit some words or expressions in order to make the
translation brief, concise, and clear. Proper omission in English-Chinese translation
often involves the omitting of some words (such as prepositions, articles, cartain
pronouns, conjunctions, etc) that are indispensable in the SL text but not in the TL text.
e.g When a party wishes to transfer all or part of its registered capital contribution to a
third party, it shall provide a written notice to the other party.
(2) Omission of Words Peculiar to English: prepositions, articles, certain pronouns,
conjunctions, etc
e.g You will be in for it if father finds out you haven’t been to school for three days.
A parrot can talk like a man.
Water passes from a liquid to a solid stated when it freezes.
Aristocratic and democratic tendencies in a nation often show themselves in speech.
I don’t know how well you know Chicago.
译文一、我不知道你对芝加哥的路熟不熟。 译文二、芝加哥的路，不知道你熟不熟
She’s 19 and he’s only 20. He hasn’t a job. He has a tiny income, 3,000 a year Louisa tells me,
and Louisa’s not a rich woman by any manner of means.
译文一.她19岁，他才20岁。他还没有职业。他只有一笔小收入，路易莎 对我说他一
年收入3000美元，而路易莎绝不是一个有钱人。
译文二.她19， 他才20，没职业，收入少，路易莎对我说，他一年才挣3000美元，而
路易莎也绝不是有钱人。
He has been abroad so long, he feels rather out of it here. He doesn’t seem able to find
anyone in common with.
译文一、他在国外住了那么久，他在这里有点不习惯。他好像找不到一个人能和他说
到一块。
译文二、他在国外住久了，在这里有点不习惯，好像跟谁都说不到一块。
An English man, who could not speak Chinese ,was once travelling in China.
一个英国人，不会说中国话，有一次在中国旅行。
One will never stop until one reaches one’s goal.
When those above behave unworthily, those below will do the same.
Remember: you are not any Tom, Dick or Harry giving his opinion. You are a man who was
sent as a representative of British Government.
Upon mutual agreement between the two parties concerned, a dispute may be solved by the
impartial decision of a third party.
In this view, the interrelationship of income, consumption, and investment, together with
the pessimistic expectations following the financial collapse, acted to discourage spending and
thus to hinder the recovery of income.

Unit 6 Product Descriptions
I. Negation (反译法)
1. Definition: in translation, negation means the formal conversion from the affirmative
into the negative or vice versa, which is one of the translation techniques.
2. (1) Transfer of the Negative (转移否定)
a. I don’t think he will come. 我想他不会来。
b. We don’t believe that our mother tongue is inferior to any other language in the world.
c. Rome was not built in a day.
d. We do not live to eat, but eat to live.
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e. The whole subject is so obscure, that I have succeeded in throwing hardly any light on it.
f. She loves you so well that she has the heart to thwart you in nothing.
(2) Conversion of the Affirmative in to the Negative(肯定译成否定)
a. Only five customers remained in the bar.
酒吧里只有五个顾客还留着。 酒吧里只有五个顾客还没走。
酒吧里只有五个顾客还呆在那儿。
b. The machine is far from being complicated.
这部机器离复杂甚远。 这部机器一点也不复杂。
c. Her child was in a terrible state of neglect.
d. The doctor lost his patient.
e. He was deaf to all advice.
f. This makes the task of the Negro a more healthful and reasonable one.
g. Similar expressions: absent不在 awkward 不熟练 blind 不注意，看不到
foreign to 不适合于，与…无关 short of 不够 ignorant of 不知道
h. Better to reign in hell than serve in heaven
i. Call a spade a spade
j. He who has a mind to beat his dog will easily find his stick.
(3) Conversion of Negative to Affirmative(否定译成肯定)
a. Yesterday the president gave an unprepared speech before a big audience.
b. Nothing is more deceitful than the appearance of humanity.
c. Most of the time parents have no worries about their kids playing in the concrete
channel, because most of the time the river is dry.
d. By a sudden attack we uncovered the enemy’s right flank.
我们以突袭使敌人右翼暴露. 我们以突袭不掩盖敌人的右翼.
e. He gave me an indefinite answer.
f. “I don’t know if I ought to have come”, she said breathlessly, grasping Sandy’s arm.
g. Comparison:
not better than….不比….好 no better than….. = as bad as…..
not wiser than…不比…聪明 no wiser than……= as stupid as….
not richer than…不比…富 no richer than….= as poor as….
(4) Double Negation(双重否定)
a. He is not incapable.
b. We were not unprepared for the war.
c. It not seldom happens that what seems to be impossible is made possible.
d. Nothing is impossible to a willing mind.
e. You cannot make something out of nothing.
f. There is no evil without compensation.
g. There is no story without coincidence.
(5) Additional Practice
a. The leakage was attributed to the seller’s failure to effect shipment according to the
packing terms as stipulated in the contract.
b. A lack of awareness of cultural differences or local customs can create problems.
c. We very much regret that the current slackness of the market has prevented us from
placing new orders with you.
d. The company based its prices largely on competitors’ prices, with less attention paid to
cost or demand consideration.
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e. On the contrary, cardboard boxes may discourage pilferage because the theft of carton
is more easily found out.
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