ACT-10英文
事业单位公休假规定-销售年度工作计划
ACT-10-1
Earth’s habitability is
sustained by the sun. Currently, the sun provides
enough light and warmth
to maintain
temperature conditions that can support life on
our planet. It is undisputed that the
sun is a
star. All stars go through phases where they
change in size, temperature, and brightness.
Two scientists present their views on how long
Earth will remain habitable.
Scientist 1
Earth’s sun has another 7 billion years before
it enters the Red Giant phase. Currently, Earth
could
not sustain human life during the Red
Giant phase. However, it is important not to
believe that
human life on Earth will
immediately cease to exist as we know it in 7
billion years. Technology
has played a huge
role in helping humans adapt to conditions on this
planet. We humans have 7
billion years to
advance technology and find solutions to adapt to
the atmospheric changes the
Red Giant phase
would bring. For instance, creating a large
sunshade to protect Earth would
allow life to
continue even when the sun enters the Red Giant
phase. Another solution would be
to develop
technology that would stir the sun and bring new
hydrogen to the sun’s core. This
would greatly
extend the current phase that our sun is in. There
is enough time and incentive to
discover ways
to thwart the natural progress of nature.
Therefore, I believe that human life on
this
planet will exist indefinitely.
Scientist 2
The sun will enter its Red Giant phase in
about 7 billion years. However, new models suggest
that
Earth has less than a billion years
before atmospheric carbon dioxide levels drop to
levels that
can no longer support
photosynthesis. This would lead to a dramatic
temperature increase. Once
Earth’s average
temperature rises to above 70◦C, the oceans will
evaporate and Earth’s water
sources will be
almost completely eliminated. One billion years is
not long enough for humans to
evolve in order
to meet large atmospheric and environmental
changes, or to develop the
technology needed
to make Earth habitable. In a billion years,
atmospheric changes will eliminate
all life on
Earth as we know it. Humans need to accept the
reality that advanced life flourishes for
only
a limited period of time. Science fiction—
inspired plans to create space colonies or massive
sunshades are unrealistic and will not likely
be developed in the next billion years.
1. If
the interpretation of Scientist 1 is correct,
which of the following generalizations about
technology is most accurate?
A. Technology
only develops when there is a dire need for it and
plenty of time to conduct
experiments.
B.
Some technology can either alter or enhance
natural forces.
C. Technology is solely
responsible for making the planet habitable.
D. Technology can help prevent the sun from
changing indefinitely.
2. Studies show that
Venus may once have had an atmosphere and
environment almost identical
to Earth’s. Now,
Venus has no water on its surface or in its
atmosphere. How would Scientist 2
most likely
explain the change in Venus’s atmosphere and
environment?
F. Venus’s living beings were not
able to stir the sun to bring new hydrogen to its
core.
G. Venus’s sun entered its Red Giant
phase much earlier in the planet’s development.
H. The carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere
dropped to levels that no longer supported
photosynthesis.
J. Venus’s location to the
sun made it more vulnerable to atmospheric and
environmental
changes.
3. Which of
the following does Scientist 1 suggest would
postpone the sun reaching its Red Giant
phase?
A. Using technology to create space colonies
built from pieces of meteorites
B. Using
technology to create a giant sunshade to protect
Earth from the sun
C. Using technology to
change the levels of hydrogen in the sun’s core
D. Using technology to increase the amount of
hydrogen in Earth’s core
4. Scientist 1
suggests that:
F. humans will always be adapt
to any changes in Earth’s atmosphere and
environment.
G. the earth will no longer be
able to sustain human life in 7 billion years.
H. sufficient time and incentive are not
necessary elements in advancing technology.
J.
creating sunshades would help to increase levels
of carbon dioxide in the air, which is
important in maintaining life on the planet.
5. The passage argues that Scientists 1 and 2
disagree on:
A. whether technology will evolve
in time to prevent Earth from becoming
inhabitable.
B. whether the sun will ever
enter the Red Giant phase.
C. whether water
and a temperate climate are needed for human
survival.
D. whether the technology to create
space colonies already exists.
6. The views of
both scientists are similar because they both
argue that:
F. humans will be able to exist
indefinitely on Earth.
G. 7 billion years is
long enough to create technology that will protect
the earth from a changing
sun.
H. the
earth is subject to future atmospheric changes.
J. it might be possible to discover new
planets that are able to sustain human life.
7. Which of the following findings, if true,
would weaken the arguments of Scientist 2?
A.
The planet Venus was unable to sustain life when
atmospheric changes occurred.
B. Studies have
shown that, during prehistoric times, Earth’s
temperature reached 75◦ Celsius.
C. It is
impossible to create a space colony large enough
to support life for long periods of time.
D.
Recent scientific models have shown that the earth
will not be habitable in 1 billion years.
ACT-10-2
Radon is a
radioactive gas that occurs naturally in the
environment as a result of the decay of
uranium. If inhaled into the lungs at high
concentrations and over a long period of time,
radon gas
can increase the chance that an
individual will develop lung cancer.
Outdoors,
radon levels are rarely high enough to pose a
health threat to individuals. Indoors,
however, radon is a concern because it can
seep into the foundation of a home through the
ground
and accumulate in areas with little
ventilation, where levels can then become
threatening. Radon
gas can seep from the
ground through many different pathways, such as
cracks in the basement
floor, through drains
and sump pumps, or through loose-fitting pipes.
The only way to detect
radon levels is through
testing, using a specialized sensing device. Radon
is colorless and odorless,
and the levels are
constantly changing from one area to the next and
from one day to the next. In
addition, radon
exposure produces no short-term health symptoms.
Therefore, radon levels should
be monitored on
a regular basis. Radon potential is an estimate of
the radon level of a structure
measured in
picocuries per liter of air (pCiL).
A
picocurie is one-trillionth of a Curie (a
measurement unit of radioactivity). The
Environmental
ProtectionAgency (EPA) assigns
each county in the United States to a zone, based
on its radon
potential. Radon potential is not
used to determine which houses should be tested in
an area.
Instead, levels are used to determine
if radon-resistant features should be installed in
new
structures being built in an area. Table 1
shows the radon levels in pCiL for each of 3
zones, with
areas in Zone 1 indicating a high
radon potential, areas in Zone 2 indicating a
moderate radon
potential, and areas in Zone 3
indicating a low radon potential.
8.
According to the passage, radon levels are tested
in indoors because:
F. radon levels are
different in every area, but they are always the
same indoors.
G. radon accumulates in the air
inside a home and poses a possible health threat.
H. radon gas has a strong, unpleasant smell
that can only be detected indoors.
J. radon
levels vary from season to season but are similar
for most houses.
9. All of the following are
mentioned as characteristics of radon that
contribute to the importance
of continual in-
home testing EXCEPT:
A. radon is colorless and
odorless.
B. radon produces no short-term
symptoms.
C. radon levels vary from day to
day.
D. radon is a naturally occurring
radioactive gas.
10. Studies have shown that
existing homes in the same neighborhood can have
very different
radon levels. Are these
findings consistent with information presented in
the passage?
F. No, because radon levels
cannot be measured in existing homes.
G. No,
because radon seeps into all homes in the same
way.
H. Yes, because the occurrence of
radon is very rare.
J. Yes, because radon
levels vary depending on many different factors.
11. According to the passage, which of the
following radon levels would be considered most
harmful?
A. 5.2 pCiL
B. 4.0 pCiL
C. 3.0 pCiL
D. 1.9 pCiL
ACT-10-3
Predation is an
interaction between individuals of 2 species in
which one is harmed (the prey),
and the other
is helped (the predator). Predation can occur
among plants and animals as well as
between
plants and animals. Some biologists contend that
herbivores, or plant eaters, are predators.
Table 1 indicates some characteristics and
examples of certain predators.
Predation is very important in maintaining a
natural balance in any given ecosystem. For
example,
without predators, prey populations
tend to grow exponentially. Without prey, predator
populations tend to decline exponentially.
Predators consume individual members of the prey
population, thereby controlling the overall
numbers in the ecosystem. The number of prey
consumed depends on the number of prey present
as well as the number of predators present. The
rate of change in the number of prey is a
function of the birth of new prey minus the death
of other
prey, due either to predation or
other causes. The death rate is assumed to depend
on the number
of prey available and the number
of predators. The rate of change in the number of
predators is a
function of the births of new
predators—which depends on the number of
prey—minus the death
of some predators.
Over long periods of time, predator and prey
tend to balance each other out. This is called the
predator-prey cycle. Prey numbers will
increase when predator numbers decrease. When the
number of prey reaches a certain point,
predators will start to increase until they eat
enough prey
to cause a decline in prey
numbers. When this happens, the number of
predators will begin to
decrease because they
can’t find enough prey to eat, and the cycle will
begin again. Figure 1
represents an example of
a predator-prey cycle.
12.
Based on information in the passage and in Table
1, an herbivore is:
F. a predator only.
G.
both a parasite and a predator.
H. prey only.
J. both a predator and prey.
13. According
to information in the passage, the number of prey
consumed in an ecosystem is
dependent on:
A. the natural balance of the ecosystem.
B. the total number of predators that die
because of predation.
C. the type of parasites
available in the ecosystem.
D. the number of
predators present and the number of prey present.
14. Based on Figure 1, during the first year,
predator numbers were mostly:
F. higher than
prey numbers.
G. lower than prey numbers.
H. equal to prey numbers.
J. unable to be
determined.
15. Studies have shown that a
certain species of deer will only eat a specific
type of plant found in
the deer’s natural
habitat, and nothing else. Is this finding
supported by the information in the
passage?
A. No, because a deer is an herbivore, which
means it eats all plants
B. No, because a deer
is a carnivore and does not eat plants
C. Yes,
because a deer is an herbivore, and herbivores can
be selective eaters
D. Yes, because a deer is
a prey animal, so it must use caution when eating
16. Based on Figure 1, during which year were
the greatest number of prey animals available?
F. 1
G. 2
H. 3
J. 4
ACT-10-4
The term weathering
refers to the processes that cause surface rock to
disintegrate into smaller
particles or
dissolve in water. These processes are often slow,
taking place over thousands of years.
The
amount of time that rock has been exposed to the
elements (primarily wind and water)
influences
the degree to which the rock will weather.
Weathering processes are divided into three
categories: physical, chemical, and
biological. Table 1 shows some of the factors that
contribute to
physical weathering.
Chemical weathering occurs when minerals in
rock are chemically altered. Table 2 shows some of
the factors that contribute to chemical
weathering.
Plants and bacteria
contribute to biological weathering. The ultimate
product of biological agents
on rock is soil.
Table 3 shows some factors of biological
weathering.
17. Based on the data
in the passage, plants contribute to which of the
following types of
weathering?
A. Physical
only
B. Both physical and biological
C.
Biological only
D. Physical, chemical, and
biological
18. According to Table 1, extreme
temperature changes can lead to:
F. increased
acidity in groundwater.
G. the creation of
carbonic acid.
H. the development of salt
crystals.
J. cracked and split rock.
19.
Alayer of fine sediment mixed with some organic
mate- rial is found surrounding a rock
formation. The most likely cause for this is:
A. chemical weathering.
B. exfoliation.
C. biological weathering.
D. oxidation.
20. Based on Table 2, the factor that
contributes most to the alteration of minerals and
rock is:
F. the acidity level.
G. the
presence of water.
H. the availability of
oxygen.
J. the mineral composition of the
rock.
21. According to Table 3, a chelating
agent:
A. releases elements into the soil.
B. alters the acidity of groundwater.
C.
dissolves rapidly in water.
D. traps elements
of the decomposing rock.
22. Rainwater is
slightly acidic, and it can dissolve many minerals
over time. This process is most
consistent
with the mechanism of:
F. exfoliation.
G.
oxidation.
H. hydrolysis.
J.
chelation.
ACT-10-5
Sea anemones look like plants, but they
actually are predatory animals. They are
invertebrates, which means that they do not
have a skeleton. To protect themselves, they will
attach to firm objects on the sea floor, such
as rock or coral. Sea anemones can alter their
body
shape according to changes in their
environment. For example, when ocean currents are
strong,
the sea anemone will reduce its
internal volume in order to decrease the surface
area that is
exposed to the current. Sea
anemones are dependent on water flow for food and
nutrients and also
for assistance in
eliminating waste. Most anemones share a symbiotic
relationship with marine
algae called
zooxanthellae. These are photosynthetic organisms
whose waste products are a food
source for the
sea anemone. The sea anemone also enjoys a
mutualistic relationship with the
clown fish.
This fish is immune to the stinging tentacles of
the sea anemone, and it helps the
anemone by
actually cleaning the tentacles. The cleaning
process yields food for the clown fish,
while
it remains protected from potential predators by
the sea anemones stinging tentacles.
Figure 1
shows a cross-section of portions of the internal
anatomy of a sea anemone.
23.
According to Figure 1, the sea anemone’s mouth is
located:
A. below the pharynx.
B. at its
center.
C. near its base.
D. inside the
sphincter muscle.
24. According to information
in the passage, the sea anemone benefits from the
presence of:
F. both the clown fish and
zooxanthellae.
G. the clown fish only.
H.
zooxanthellae only.
J. neither the clown fish
nor zooxanthellae.
25. Which of the
following statements about the sea anemone is
supported by the passage? The
sea anemone most
resembles:
A. a clown fish.
B. a flower.
C. marine algae.
D. a rock.
26.
Suppose that a strong stormstirred up the water in
which a sea anemone was living. The sea
anemone’s response would most likely be:
F. to expose itself to the strong current.
G. to seek the protection of a clown fish.
H. to reduce its internal volume.
J. to
detach itself from the seafloor.
27. As
shown in Figure 1, the part of the sea anemone’s
anatomy that connects its mouth to its
gastrovascular cavity is the:
A. oral
disk.
B. tentacle.
C. pharynx.
D.
sphincter muscle.
ACT-10-6
Compost is the name given to a mixture of
decaying leaves and other organic material. This
mixture is often used as fertilizer. Several
students designed experiments to test various
types of
soil, and various combinations of
soil and compost on plant growth.
Experiment 1
The students dug a soil sample from an empty
field next to the school. They put soil into 4
different clay pots, and mixed in various
amounts of compost so that the volume of soil
mixture
was the same in each pot. They then
planted the same number of radish seeds (4) in
each pot. The
soilcompost mixtures for each
pot are shown in Table 1. The clay pots were
placed next to each
other on a windowsill and
watered at the same time each day. The students
took care to ensure that
the pots each
received the same amount of sunlight and water
each day. After 2 weeks, the
students began
recording the growth of the radish plants. They
continued recording this data for
two more
weeks. The results are shown in Table 2.
Experiment 2
The students repeated
Experiment 1, with the following changes; each pot
contained a different
soil type, and no
compost was used. This experiment was begun at the
same time as Experiment 1.
The results of
Experiment 2 are shown in Table 3.
28. Based on the results of
Experiment 2, which soil type yielded the most
overall growth after 28
days?
F. Sand
G. Potting soil
H. Soil from the field
near the school
J. Mixture of sand and potting
soil
29. Based on the results of Experiment 1,
which soil compost mixture yielded the greatest
average plant height after the first 2 weeks?
A. 4
B. 3
C. 2
D. 1
30.
Experiment 2 was different from Experiment 1 in
that none of the clay pots:
F. were watered
during the first 2 weeks.
G. contained any
compost.
H. contained any soil.
J. were
placed on the windowsill.
31. The results of
Soil Type 3 in Experiment 2 and Pot Number 4 in
Experiment 1 were almost
identical. This is
most likely because:
A. the same amount of
compost was used.
B. the plants were allowed
to grow for 2 more weeks.
C. the pots were the
same size.
D. the same type of soil was used.
32. In Experiment 2, how many seeds were
planted in each clay pot?
F. 4
G. 14
H. 21
J. Cannot be determined.
33.
According to the results of Experiment 1, what
percentage of compost yielded the highest
average number of leaves?
A. 100%
B.
75%
C. 50%
D. 25%
ACT-10-7
The Great
Lakes—Huron, Ontario, Michigan, Erie, and
Superior—form the largest freshwater
system in
the world. Each of the lakes tends to stratify, or
form layers of warmer and colder water,
depending on the season. This is called
seasonal turnover. In winter, for example, the
coldest water
in the lake lies just below the
surface ice. The water gets progressively warmer
at deeper levels. In
spring, the sun melts the
ice, and the surface water warms. Because the
surface water is still cooler
than the layers
below, the water at the surface sinks to the
bottom of the lake, forcing the cooler
water
at the bottom of the lake to the surface. This
mixing, known as spring turnover, eliminates
the temperature stratification that was
established during the winter. In the absence of
this thermal
layering, wind continues to mix
the water to a greater depth, bringing oxygen
(O2)to the bottom of
the lake and nutrients to
the surface. This results in a relatively even
distribution of O2 throughout
the lake. When
summer arrives, the lake again becomes stratified,
with warm water at the surface,
and cold water
at the bottom. A narrow zone of water undergoing
rapid temperature changes
separates these
layers. This zone is called the thermocline. Cool,
fall temperatures cause the lake
water to mix
again, until the surface begins to freeze and the
winter stratification is reestablished.
The
stability of the lake’s stratification depends on
several factors: the lake’s depth, shape, and
size, as well as the wind and both the inflow
and outflow of lake water. Lakes with a lot of
water
flowing into and out of them do not
develop consistent and lasting thermal
stratification. Figure 1
shows an example of
lake stratification during the summer.
Figure 1 Cross-section of a lake during the
summer.
34. According to Figure 1, the
temperature of the water below the thermocline is:
F. higher than the temperature of the water
above the thermocline.
G. equal to the
temperature of the water above the thermocline.
H. lower than the temperature of the water
above the thermocline.
J. equal to the average
temperature of the water in the lake.
35.
Based on the passage, which of the following best
rep- resents O2 levels in one of the Great
Lakes during the spring?
36.
According to the passage, the thermocline is:
F. established during the winter.
G.
responsible for bringing nutrients to the surface.
H. a zone of constant temperatures.
J. a
zone of rapidly changing temperatures.
37.
According to the passage, Lake Michigan
experiences thermal stratification during:
A.
the summer and the winter.
B. the summer only.
C. the spring and fall.
D. the spring
only.
38. A small, inland lake, fed by a fast-
flowing river was found to have very little thermal
stratification. Based on the passage, this is
most likely because:
F. not enough water was
flowing into the lake.
G. the inflow of water
from the river was too high.
H. the lake was
too shallow to support stratification.
J. too
much water was flowing out of the lake into the
river.
39. According to Figure 1, during the
summer, as the depth of the lake increases, the
temperature
of the water:
A. decreases
suddenly, then gradually increases.
B.
increases only.
C. remains stable.
D.
decreases only.
40. Based on the passage, the
stability of thermal stratification depends on all
of the following
EXCEPT:
F. the depth of
the lake.
G. seasonal turnover.
H. the
amount of wind.
J. water inflow.