研究生英语语法结构分析
小年是哪天-教师祝福语
Some alternatives to make for yourself:
1. see the glass as half-full or half empty?
2. focus your eye on the doughnut or on the
hole?
3. make difficulties of your
opportunities or vice versaor the other
way
round (make opportunities of your difficulties)?
4. see only the dark side of the clouds don't
see the clouds at all see
both sides?
5.
stay up until midnight to see the new year in? Or
stay up to make
sure the old year leaves?
Par. One:
Scrutinize the power of
positive thinking: have a closer examination
of what optimism can bring about仔细观察积极思维所起的作用
She leaned forward to scrutinize their
faces.向前探身，仔细端详其
面容。
S~ the documents
before sending them in.上交前仔细审查这些文
件。
他的观点经不起认真推敲。
His argument doesn’t stand up
to scrutiny.
Par. 2:
A large bodygroup of
people一大批人
A large bodyamount of
informationresearchevidence大量的信息
1
研究证据
Pessimist … is linked to
depression, loneliness and painful
shyness.
悲观与沮丧、孤独、令人苦恼的腼腆密切相关。(Line 3-4)
Inoculate: protect a personanimal from
catching a particular disease
by injecting a
vaccine （['væksi:n]）接种；打预防针
近义词：immunize (
['imju:naiz] )sb. against 使……有免疫能力
Ill: (n.)
(pl.)指疾病(complaint, disease, ailments,
illness)、问题、弊
端(abuse)：social ills; economic
ills; the ills of the modern world现
代世界的弊端
Par. 3
Count: have weight; carry
weight; be weighty
Eg. Isolated instances do
not count.个别情况不算数。
贵在心意礼轻情意重。It’s the thought
that counts. (a small but
kind action of a
gift)
Par. 5
Be impressed by:
被……深深感动; 对什么留下很深的印象
Eg.
It’s nothing to
be impressed by没有什么了不起的。
It is hard not to be
impressed by his talents and passion.
很难不被
他的才学和激情所打动。
2
Par. 6
Look for loopholes寻找漏洞
Loopholes: （法律上的）漏洞，空子 A loophole in the law
is a small
mistake which allows people to do
something that would otherwise
be illegal.
exploit some loopholes in the law 钻法律漏洞
They tightened the loopholes in those acts.
他们堵住了那些法案中
的漏洞。
tax loopholes 征税漏洞
credit: praise because you’re responsible for
sth. good that has
happened赞扬；认可
It is
dishonest of you to take credit for work that was
done by
others. 你把别人所做的工作归功于自己是不诚实的。
The
show’s success was a team effort but she got all
the credits!
这次演出成功是集体努力的结果，而功劳却归了她一人！
Fluke: 侥幸;意外;偶然; 歪打正着
（If you say that
something good is a fluke, you mean that it
happened accidentally rather than by being
planned or
arranged. ）
The discovery was
something of a fluke. 这个发现多少有点机
缘巧合。
3
By sheer fluke（=by a stroke of luck
）非常凑巧的是
Par. 8:
Fulfill: realize
~ your dreamsambition实现梦想抱负
~ a
dutypromise履行职责诺言
(c.f. Fulfilling: (a.)令人满足的.
Eg. A fulfilling experience有成就感
的经历)
A
self-filling prophecy一个自我实现的预言自我应验的预言：one
that
becomes true because people expect it to be true
and
behave in a way that will make it happen.
Eg: 你如果预期失败成功，就会失败成功。这是一种自我应验的
预测。
If
you expectanticipate failure (or success), you are
bound to.
This is a self-fulfilling prophecy.
Positive or negative, it was a self -
fulfilling prophecy.
无论是肯
定的还是否定的积极或者消极，都是一种本身会成为事实能自
我实现的预言。
But once we decide that we're powerless, our
passivity will help
this self-fulfilling
prophecy come true.
但是一旦我们认定自己
无能为力，我们的消极被动就会促成这种预言的自我实现。
4
Negative thoughts, attitudes, and
expectations feed on
themselves; they become a
self - fulfilling prophecy.
消极的思
想、态度和预想会自我支持自成因果，成为一种能自我实现的
预言。
When you predict a negative outcome, you may
be creating a
self - fulfilling prophecy.
当你预测的是一个消极的结果, 你也许
会制造一个“自我实现”的预言。
Par. 9:
The litmus test for sth.:
In
general , the litmus test for separating honesty
from corruption in
official circles is money .
一般来说， 鉴别官场上廉洁与腐败的试金
石是金钱。
Reach out
for
:
reach out for your dreams实现梦想
reach out for advice征求意见
reach out for
help求助
reach out for the impossible
.做那些实在做不到的事情
Failure should challenge us to
reach out for new heights, not drag us
down to
depths of despair.
失败应该是挑战我们爬到新高点，而不是
拖垮我们进入绝望谷。
5
Never reach out for things that don't
belong to you.永
远不要伸手拿不属于你的东西。
the
plaything
of fortune 命运的玩物
When you
feel lonely, your mobile phone maybe your best
plaything.
当你一个人空虚寂寞时，手机也许是你最好的玩物。
Par. 10:
Recurrecurringrecurrentrecurrence
Eg.
Economic crises
recur
periodically
. 经济危机周期性地发生.
recurring
problems
recurrent malignant tumor 复发的恶性肿瘤
chronic or
recurrent
bronchitis
慢性或复发性支气管炎
A recurrent headache
Recurrence of his illness
His encouraging
words recurred to my mind whenever I was
low.
回响
Par. 12:
Undermine: vt.
破坏； 侵蚀……的基础； 暗中破坏； 冲蚀，削
弱
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Eg.
Offering too much advice will
undermine her feeling of being
adult.
会让她觉得自己不像个成年人
His opponentsrivals are
spreading rumors to undermine his
authority
the chances of his success. 暗中破坏他的威信降低成功
的可能性
But everywhere corruption and inefficiency
undermine
implementation of law and social
stability. 腐败无能无处不在，破
坏了法律的执行，影响了社会的稳定。
Immuneimmunityimmunizeimmunology免疫学
He
seems to be immune to flattery.
We are immune
from smallpox as the result of vaccination.
免疫接
种
The child has received immunity to a
variety of infections.对多种感
染的免疫能力
Par. 13
Incline: （使）偏向，倾向于； （使）认为；
Eg.
I
incline to ( take ) the opposite point of view.
我倾向于持反对观
点.
I incline totoward the view
that he is right. 我倾向于认为他是正
确的。
7
We are inclined to make some unwise
investment choices. 在投资
上我们很可能会作出一些不明智的决定
Grow out of: 1) develop from; 2) become too
big to fit into
Eg.
The idea of the book
grew out of a visit to India.本书的构思源于到
印度的一次访问。
He’s grown out of (=outgrown) these shoes.
He’ll soon ~~~wetting the bedsucking his
thumbs. （改掉尿床嘬大
拇指的毛病）
Par. 15
Landmark: 1）路标；里程碑；2）adj.
有代表性的；有重大意义
或深远影响的
This event represents a
landmark in world history. 是世界历
史上的一个里程碑
Try to formulate your own position as you read
these landmark
statements on the problem.
读到关于这一问题的代表性论述时,努
力去建构自己的观点吧.
Flounder:
vi. 挣扎；举步维艰；不知所措；
floundering about in the
water 在水中挣扎
Floundering people may try to
grasp at any straw. 病急乱投医。
Par. 19
Leads: 线索；头绪
8
The
inquiry team is following up possible leads after
receiving
400 calls from the public.
在接到民众400个热线电话后，调查
组亦在对可能的线索进行追踪。
Par. 20
Trial and error 反复试验；不断摸索；从失败中找到解决办法
Children learn to use computer programs by ~
and ~. 通过反
复摸索学会运用计算机程序
A successful design
takes a lot of ~ and ~. 成功的设计需要反复摸
索。
learn
to swim through trial and error 通过反复适应才能学会游泳
Part Summary
[1~2] Introduction to
the Research Problem: An increasing
number of
researches have been conducted to study the power
of
positive thinking. Psychologists believe
that teaching people to
think more positively
is like inoculating them against mental ills
such as depression, loneliness and shyness.
[3~9] The importance of self-confidence
in achieving success
9
[3] As pointed by psychologist Scheier,
one's self confidence is a
more important
factor than one's ability in achieving success.
One reason why optimists are more likely to
succeed is that they
deal with problems in
different ways than pessimists.
[4~5] Example
One: Schulman's research. Among the sales
representatives in Metropolitan Insurance Co.,
optimists - both
experienced or newly-hired -
sold more insurance than
pessimists. [7]
Example Two: Anderson's research. When unable
to obtain blood donation for Red Cross,
pessimists give up
readily while optimists try
a different approach.
[8~9] Anderson's
explanation: Negative or positive thinking is a
self-fulfilling prophecy. A sense of control
is the litmus test for
success.
[10~12] Optimism gives people a more healthy
life. [10]
Example Three: Livy's research.
Women with breast cancer will
live longer if
they are optimistic. [11] Example Four: A
long-term study on Harvard Graduates. Optimism
may prevent
diseases. [12] Example Five: Dr.
Christopher Peterson's findings.
The pessimist
doesn't take good care of himself, and thus the
body's immune system is undermined.
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[13~14] One's pattern
of thinking is learned behavior. Although
many
people are not easily classified as pessimists or
optimists,
their way of thinking is a habit
acquired since childhood.
[15~16] People
can be trained to think more positively. [15]
Example Six: Dr. Carol Dweck's work with
floundering school
children Changing
explanations for their failure resulted in
improved academic performance. [16] Example
Seven: Dr.
Levy's pilot study with colon-
cancer patients. For colon-cancer
patients,
psychological help to encourage optimism brings a
better result than medical treatment alone.
[17~20] Suggestion for breaking the habit
of thinking
pessimistically. Psychologist
Steve Hollon suggested we try
breaking the bad
habit in three practical steps: 1. Monitor one's
thought when bad things happen. 2. Do
something contrary to
negative reactions. 3.
Keep track of the results.
[21]
Conclusion： Based on the studies conducted so far,
we can
draw the conclusion that one is likely
to get what he expects
11
from
the world (i.e. a person often turns out what he
thinks he
is).
Text Summary
Citing the results of numerous researches and
quoting a
number of psychologists, Claipe
Safran shows the importance of
positive
thinking. We are more likely to succeed in work
and
enjoy better health if we adopt an
optimistic attitude towards life,
including
its challenges and blows. Whether inclined to be
pessimistic or optimistic, we acquire the
thinking pattern as we
grow up. However, we
can consciously train ourselves to turn
our
thinking into more positive channels. We will turn
out to be
what we expect to be.
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