英语中句子的种类
教师节的来历简短-罗马天主教
(三)句子的种类
句子是一个独立的语言单位,表示一个完整的思想。
按使用目的可分为陈述句、感叹句、疑问句和祈使句;
从结构上又可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。
按使用目的分:
一、 陈述句
That boy always helps others.
Tom was not
at home yesterday.
He is too late to catch the
bus.
二、 疑问句(一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句)
Are
you a doctor?
How often do you have an English
party?
Which would you like better, tea or
coffee?
She is too young to go to school, is
she?
三、 感叹句
(一)What +a
an+形容词+可数名词的单数形式+主语+谓语!==(二)How+形
容词+aan
+可数名词的单数形式+主语+谓语!
What a beautiful girl she
is! == How beautiful a girl she is!
(三)
What+形容词+可数名词的复数+主语+谓语!
What beautiful girls
they are!
(四) What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语!
What
fine weather it is!
(五) How+形容词或副词+主语+谓语!
How interesting the dog is!
(六) How+主语+谓语!
How time flies!
四、
祈使句(祈使句主语通常被省略,谓语动词用原型。)
Be quiet!
Don’t
be late!
从结构上分:
一、
简单句(句子只包含一个主谓结构。)如,五种基本句型列式如下:
基本句型一:主+系+表
基本句型二: 主+谓
基本句型三: 主+谓+宾
基本句型四:
主+谓+间宾+直宾
基本句型五 主+谓+宾+宾补.
二、
并列句(句子包含两个或多个主谓结构,通常有并列连词连结。)
由并列连词把两个或两个以上的简单
句连在一起的句子叫并列句。不同的并
列连词表示并列分句之间的不同关系。根据并列分句之间的关系不
同,并列
句可以分为以下几种: 1.表示联合关系的并列句
这类并列句常用并列连
词and (和),not only ... but also...
(不但„„而且„„)等来连接,这时
分句之间是顺承关系或并列关系。and一般不译出来。
1. We bought her a birthday present,_____ she
liked it very much.
A. so B. or C. and
D. but
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2. — Didn’t you
give roses to your father on Father’s Day?
—
Oh, not only my father,_____ my grandpa got red
roses.
A. or B. and C. but D. until
2.表示转折关系的并列句 这类并列句常用but
(但是;可是),yet(可是;
然而),while
(而)等来连接,后面分句与前面分句之间有意义上的转折关系。
1. — Would you
like to go to the concert with me?
— I’d
love to,_____ I can’t. I have a lot of homework to
do.
A. or B. but C. so D. and
2. The doctors tried their best to save the
patient’s life,_____ failed
A. or B. so
C. but D. because
3.表示选择关系的并列句
这类并列句常用并列连词or(或者),either „ or „
(要么„„,要么„„)等连接。
1. _____ Lily _____ Lucy
may go with you because one of them must stay at
home.
A. Not only; but also B. Neither;
nor C. Both; and D. Either; or
2. None
of the shoes in the shops are the right size. They
are _____ too big _____
too small.
A. both; and B. neither; nor C. either; or
D. not only; but also
3. “Are you going to
eat here ____ take it away?” asked the waiter..
A. and B. so C. or D.
but。
4.表示因果关系的并列句 这类并列句常用并列连词so(因此;所以),for(
因
为)等连接,后面分句与前面分句之间有因果关系。
1. Mother was
ill,_____ Father cooked for us instead.
A.
but B. or C. so D. and
2.
There is a lot of traffic in this city,_____ look
both ways before crossing the
street
A.
so B. and C. but D. for
特殊的并列句
1. 祈使句+and+一般将来时的句子
这个句型表示“如果做到了祈使句表示
的事情,就会有后面句子表示的结果”。
2. 例如:
Study hard,_____ you are sure to have a good
result in the exam.
A. or B. and C.
for D. but
3. 2. 祈使句 + or + 一般将来时的句子
这个句型表示“如果做不到祈使
句表示的事情,就会有后面句子表示的结果”
4. 例如:
1. Be quick,_____ we’ll be late for class.
A. or B. so C. and D. but
2. Come a
little earlier next time,_____ you’ll miss the
best part of the TV
play.
A. and B.
but C. or D. till
三、复合句
复合句(Complex Sentence)由一个主句(Principal
Clause)和一个或一个以
上的从句(Subordinate Clause)构成。 主句
是全句的主体,通常可以独立存
在;从句则是一个句子成分,不能独立存在。从句不能单独成句,但它也
有主语
部分和谓语部分,就像一个句子一样。所不同在于,从句须由一个关联词 引导。
我们至今学过的从句有:定语从句, 名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语
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从句、同位语从句),和状语从句。
1. 定语从句 He is
the man who wants to see you.
2. 同位语从句 She
told us her hope that she would become a pianist.
注意:定语和同位语从句的区别。
3. 表语从句 This is what
we should do
4. 宾语从句(注意it做形式宾语)
Everybody knows that money doesn't grow on trees
We think it wrong that he told a lie to
everyone. (it做形式宾语)
5.主语从句(注意it做形式主语)
What caused the accident remains unknown
It is certain that he will win the match(it做形式主语)
6.状语从句
My friends dislike me because I’m
handsome and successful.
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