英语四级图表作文的类型及参考范文
浙江省计算机二级考试-国税局实习报告
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英语四级图表作文的类型及参考范文
图表作文也是四(六)级考试中常见，而且被认为
是一种较难的作文形式。图表作文就是把非
文字信息(通常为各种图表表示的数字信息等)转换成文字信
息的一种作文。它要求我们用文
字来描述非文字性的图表或对图表显示的关系作解释说明。下面我们先来
看一看图表作文的
类型。
第一节 图表作文的类型
图表作文可分为两大类：表作文和图作文。
表作文
表格(Table)可以使大量
数据系统化，便于阅读、比较。表格常由标题(Title)、表头
(Boxhead)(表格的第一行
)、侧目(Stub)(表格左边的第一列)和主体(Body)部分(表格的其余
部分)等部分组成。
如下表：
用表格表达的信息具体准确，而且表格中的各项均按一定规律排列。阅读表格时要注意<
br>找出表格中各个项目的相互关系，表格中各个项目的变化规律。例如，上面的表格中的数字
说明，
和1978年相比，1983年大学入学的人数在增加，而小学的入学人数在减少。搞清楚
这些变化规律
也就读懂了表格的内容。
图作文
图作文又可分为三种：圆形图作文、曲线图作文和条状图作文。
(1) 圆形图作文
圆形图(Pie chart)也称为饼状图或圆面分割图。圆形图因为比较形象和直观，各部分空
间大
小差别容易分辨，所以常用来表示总量和各分量之间的百分比关系。整个圆表示总量，
楔形块表示分量。
有时圆形图还有数值表，两者结合可把各分量表示得更准确、清楚。例如：
This is a
pie chart of the average weekly expenditure of a
family in Great Britain.
As can be see from
the chart, the main expenditure of an average
British family is
spent on food, which
accounts for 25% of its total expenditure. The
next two
significant expending items are
transport and housing, which are 15% and 12%
respectively. If we take into account clothing
and footwear, which makes up 10%, the
four
essentials of life, that is, food, transport,
housing, and clothing and footwear,
amount to
62% of the total expenditure.
(2) 曲线图作文
曲线图(Line graph)也称为线性图或坐标图。曲线图最适合表示两个变
量之间关系的发
展过程和趋势。一般来说，曲线所呈现的形状比某一点所代表的变量的值更有意义。曲线
图
有横轴和纵轴。一般先看横轴所代表的数量或时间等，然后再看纵轴所显示的意义。同时必
须
找出线条所反映的最高或最低的变化。例如：
这个曲线图的横轴代表1990年的不同的月份，纵
轴代表交通事故的数量。从交通事故曲
线图上可知，前八个月的交通事故的数量有升有降。曲线图在八月
份升到了最高点(39)，此
后一直呈下降的趋势，十二月份降到了最低点(16)。可见，1990年
的交通事故的数量总体上
呈下降的趋势。
(3) 条形图作文
条形图(Bar graph)也称为立柱图或圆柱图。条形图由宽度相同但长度不同的条块代表不
同的
量。当要比较几个项目或量时，常用不同颜色来区分。条形图主要用来表示：1)同一项
目在不同时间的
量;2)同一时间不同项目的量。阅读条形图时，要先看图例，再看横轴、纵横
各代表什么量，每一个刻
度所代表的值是多少，最后找出图中各长条所表示的数据及各长条
间的相互关系。例如：
左边的条形图的横轴代表时间，纵轴代表期望寿命(Life Expectancy)，这一条形图想要
体现的是同一项目(期望寿命)在不同时间的量。右边的条形图的横轴也是代表时间，纵轴是
代表婴儿
的死亡率(Infant Mortality)，这一条形图想要体现的也是同一项目(婴儿的死亡率)
在不同时间的量。左边的条形图表明1990年的人均期望寿命比1960年的人均期望寿命长20
岁
，而1990年的婴儿死亡率比1960年的婴儿死亡率下降了50%。
第二节 图表作文的出题形式
我们先来看几个四(六)级考试中的图表作文的例子。
例1 题目：Changes
in People’s Diet (1991年6月四级试题)
Study the
following table carefully and your composition
must be based on the
information given in the
table. Write three paragraphs to :
Food
Year
Grain
Milk
Meat
Fruit and
vegetables
Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
1986
49%
10%
17%
24%
1987
11%
22%
1988
11%
20%
1989
45%
12%
23%
20%
1990
45%
13%
21%
21%
47% 46.5%
20%
22.5%
From: http:1.
the changes
in people’s diet (饮食) in the past five years;
2. give possible reasons for the changes;
3.
draw your own conclusions.
4. You should
quote as few figures as possible.
范文：
From the chart we can see that during the past
five years there have been great changes in
people’s diet. The greatest change occurs in
grain consumption, which has dropped 4% from 49%
in 1986 to 45% in 1990 in total food
consumption. The second greatest change is in milk
consumption, which increased from 10% in 1986
to 13% in 1990. But on the other hand, two trends
can be observed in the consumption of meat and
fruit and vegetables. From 1986 to 1989, meat
consumption increased from 17% to 23% while
that of fruit and vegetables dropped from 24% to
20%. From 1989 to 1990, meat consumption
dropped a little to 21%, while that of fruit and
vegetables increased a little to 21%.
What has caused the great changes in people’s
diet? The main reason, I think, lies in the
improvement in people’s income level. With the
development of our society, people are becoming
richer and richer, which enables them to
purchase more nutritious food such as meat and
milk. In
the meantime, grain consumption in
people’s diet consequently dropped.
So from
the analysis, we can draw a conclusion that our
society is progressing and people are
living a
better life than ever before. We are now able to
purchase more delicious and nutritious food,
resulting in an improvement in our health.
例2 题目：Car Accidents Declining in Walton City
(1991年6月6级试题)
Remember that your composition
must be written according to the following
outline;
1. Rise and fall of the rate of
car accidents as indicated by the graph;
2.
Possible reason(s) for the decline of car
accidents in the city;
3. Your predictions
of what will happen this year.
Your
composition should be no less than 120 words and
you should quote as few
figures as possible.
例3 For this part, you are allowed 30
minutes to write a composition on the topic
Health Gain in Developing Countries. Your
composition must be no less than 120 words
and
you should base your composition on the following
instructions (given in Chinese):
1.
以下图为依据描述发展中国家的期望寿命(life expectancy)和婴儿死亡率(infant
mortality)的变化情况
2. 说明引起变化的各种原因
从以上
例子可见，图表作文一般在题目中给出作文的标题和一个或几个统计表格、圆形
图、曲线图或条形图，有
时还用英文或中文提纲的形式给出提示，要求我们：
1)用文字描述图表，客观解释图表中所传递的信息，并找出某种规律或趋势;
2)就图表中所反映的某种趋势或问题分析其原因或后果。
第三节 图表作文的写作要领
图表作文着重说明事实，常常是通过对图表中所反映的具体数据的说明、分析、比较，
对某种事物或现象
的事实或变化情况等加以说明，并提出结论或看法。因此，图表作文常常
采用议论文体的写作方法。
写好图表作文，关键在于能否读懂图表中所提供的信息，把握各信息间的联系，用准确
流畅
的语言把这一信息表达出来，并就这一信息发表自己的看法。
图表作文的写作步骤
写图表作文时，要注意遵循以下步骤：
1)认真分析图表的含义，弄清图表中所含的信息及不同信息间的关系;
2)确定文章的主题思想，构思出文章的基本框架，筛选出能说明图表主题思想的典型数
据;
3)编列文章的提纲;
4)根据文章的提纲，将各段的提纲内容扩展成段落，然后将各个段落组成
文章，注意段
与段之间的衔接与过渡;
5)检查与修改。
图表作文的篇章结构
写图表作文时，常采用三段式的谋篇方式。文章的第一段往往
分析图表中的数据变化反
映什么问题或趋势，概述图表所揭示的信息。第二段分析造成这一问题或趋势的
原因。第三
段则展望未来的情况或提出解决问题的办法或建议。这一结构可以简单地表述为：
第一段：概述图表反映的主题思想
第二段：分析产生的原因
第三段：展望未来或提出方法或建议
图表作文常用的句型
(1)常用的开篇句型(即概述图表内容时常用的表达法)
① According to
the tablepie chartline graphbar graph, we can
seeconclude
that … 根据该表图，我们可知 ……
② The
tablegraph reveals (showsindicatesillustrates
representspoints out)
that … 该表图表明……
③
As we can see from the table …
As can be
seen from the linebar graph …
As is shown
(illustratedindicated) in the pie chart …
如表图所示，……
(2) 描述增减变化常用的句型
① Compared
with … is still increased by …
② The number
of … grewrose from … to …
③ An increase is
shown in …; then came a sharp increase of …
④ In … the number remains the samedrops to …
⑤ There was a very slight (smallslowgradual)
riseincrease in 1990.
⑥ There was a very
steady (markedsharprapidsudden dramatic) drop
(decreasedeclinefallreduction) in 1998
compared with that of last year).
下面我们来看一篇根据例2的题目要求写的范文。
⑴From the graph, we
can see that the number of car accidents in Walton
city
fluctuated during the year of 1990. ⑵The
first two months of 1990 showed an
increasing
trend. ⑶The rate rose to 32 in March but fell to
26 in June. ⑷From June
on, the rate was rising
again and reached the peak point 39 in August.
⑸After August
the rate began to decline
remarkably, and eventually dropped to the lowest
point 16
at the end of the year. ⑹Therefore,
it’s obvious that car accident in Walton city
declined in 1990.⑴主题句概述表格反映的内容；⑵—(5)反映交通事故的变化情
况；(6)
小结：总结表格数据反映的总趋势
⑺There are several
reasons for the decline. ⑻First, a new traffic law
was made
and came into force. ⑼It requested
that in summer every car should be air-
conditioned.
⑽As a result, the highest rate in
August, when humidity and high temperature make
drivers impatient and easily lead to car
accidents, dropped steadily. ⑾Second, new
roads were built and some narrow streets were
widened, which quickened the flow of
traffic.
⑿Finally, the city administration made great
efforts to heighten people’
s awareness of
observing traffic rules.⑺主题句；⑻原因措施一；⑼解释措施一次要
辅助
；⑽采取措施一后的结果；⑾原因措施二；⑿原因措施三。
⒀With all these
new measures, I’m sure the rate of car accidents
in Walton city
will go on falling this
year.⒀总结：展望未来的情况
第四节、 图表作文及其参考范文
Directions:
Study the following drawing
carefully and write an essay in which you should：
1) describe the drawing,
2)
interpret its meaning, and
3) point out its
implications in our life.
You should write
about 120—150 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15
points)
范文1：
Drawings can be useful
tools; a simple picture may reveal a profound
truth. The illustration
above, for example, is
far from complicated, and yet carries deep
implications: from the top of a
mountain one
can see clear and far.
Such an image draws
attention to the fact that people tend to be
distracted by immediate
benefits, or deterred
by present difficulties. If one was to stand
higher and take a broader view, one
could make
wise, long-term decisions, as well as have a
clearer sense of how to solve any given
problem.
The importance of keeping
things in perspective is of practical significance
to university
students especially. When
students face difficult decisions such as choosing
between majors or
careers, or deciding whether
to continue with postgraduate education, they
should consider their
future life in broad
terms. If you allow yourself to become preoccupied
by immediate interests or
discouraged by
current obstacles, you might not make the wisest
decisions.
Nevertheless, it is important to
realize that viewing our lives from a far is not
equal to aiming
for an unattainable goal.
Inexperienced youth must be careful to
realistically create and pursue their
ambitions. It is best to look beyond temporary
needs and problems and keep one's present and
future life in perspective.
范文2：
As can be seen in the drawing, a man is standing
on top of the highest of many mountains
while
looking at something far away.
If you want
to be considered as the man who can see further
than anyone else, you must stand
on giant's
shoulders. Needless to say, if you were to stand
at the foot of a mountain, mountains
would be
all around you, surrounding you, blinding you. You
can only see a small piece of the sky
when
looking up, just like a frog at the bottom of a
well. If the frog wants to see the outside world,
it must jump out of the well to broaden its
range of vision.
In science, researchers
should not confine themselves to available
materials that can be easily
found. On the
contrary, it is very important for them to go
outside the norm and use as many
materials as
possible. A large number of scientific materials
that have been defined by previous
scientists
can be regarded as the basis of present research.
If we want to make more progress in our
present study, we must base our research on
previous theories and results. The more materials
you
possess in your base, the greater the
potential. That is, the higher on the mountain you
are, the
farther you can see.
第五节、
图表类写作模版
(1)模版1
According to the chart graph diagram table,
we clearly learn that _________. As early
as______
___,___________.
Then,_________.Last,__________. In contrast,
by_________,__________.
There are
many reasons accounting for_________. Firstly,
_________.Secondly,__________.Finally,_________.
As a result,_________.
As far as I am
concerned,_________. For one thing,__________. For
an
other,________.In brief, I hold
that__________.
(2)模版2
What is shown
in the chart graph diagram table above
indicates that in recent years,
more and more
people pay attention to _________. The number of
those who _________ has
increased ________,
and furthermore,____________.
There
are two factors responsible for the changes. In
the first place,_________.
Moreover,__________. Yet, it is noticeable
that __________.
From the analysis, we can
safely draw the conclusion that__________. It is
possible that
in the future, the tendency
will__________.
(3)模版3
As is shown in the
chart graph diagram table above, __________ has
changed
drastically in the past _________.
While _______,now the percentage of__________
is__________
. Meanwhile, the number of
_________ has soared up to ________.
There
are mainly two possible reasons contributing to
the rapid changes. The first is that
_____.
Secondly,__________.
In my view, the changes
have a great influence on _________. At the same
time,_______. To sum up ,_________.
第六节、 图表作文常用词（组）
增加：increase raise rise
go up soar up……
减少：decrease grow down drop
fall ……
波动：fluctuate rebound undulate wave
……
稳定：remain stable stabilize level off ……
；keep steady constant
最常用的两种表达法：
动词+副词形式（Verb+Adverb form）
Eg: increase
（drop…）slowly slightly gradually
steadilysignificantly dramatically
sharplyrapidly……
形容词+名词形式（Adjective+Noun
form）
Eg: a very slight smallgradual steady
remarkable dramatic sharp significant
markedrapid sudden rise increaseboostdecrease
drop surge…
第七节、 图表作文写作练习
练习四：Directions: For this part,
you are allowed thirty minutes to write a
composition of no less than 120 words on
Changes in People’s Diet. Study the following
table carefully and your composition must be
based on the information given in the
table.
Write three paragraphs to:
Food Year
Grain
Milk
Meet
Fruit and
vegetables
Total
1986
49%
10%
17%
24%
100%
1987
47%
11%
20%
22%
100%
1988
46.5%
11%
22.5%
20%
100%
1989
45%
12%
23%
20%
100%
1990
45%
13%
21%
21%
100%
1.
state the changes in people’s diet in the past
five years;
2. give possible reasons for the
changes; 3. draw your own conclusions.
4.
You should quote as few figures as possible.
⑴As is shown in the table, there have been great
changes in people's diet between
1986 and
1990. ⑵From the table, we can find that grain,
formerly the main food of
most Chinese people,
is now playing a less important role in people's
diet. ⑶And
the same goes for fruit and
vegetables. ⑷On the other hand, the consumption of
high-nutritious food such as milk and meat has
increased rapidly.
⑸What has caused these
changes? There are mainly three reasons (主题句). (6)
First, people are much wealthier than before.
(7) With higher income, they can afford
nutritious foods. (8) Second, people have
realized the importance of a balanced diet
to
their health. (9) Lack of certain amount of meat
or milk, for example, will result
in poor
health. (10) Finally, owing to the economic
reform, meat and milk, which were
scarce in
the past, are produced in large quantities.
(11) Although milk and meat are important to
one's health, eating too much rich
food may
result in obesity and many other diseases.
(12)Therefore, people should not
only consume
a lot of milk and meat, but also enough grain,
fruit and vegetable for
the sake of their
health.
写作练习：给大家一个作文题，请根据这一讲的内容，在30分钟内完成。大家在写作
的过程
中要注意审题，考虑文章的结构、采用的扩展方法、开头的结尾的方法以及文章中的过渡等。
Directions:
Write an essay based on the
following chart. In your essay, you should
interpret
the chart, and give your comments.
You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER
SHEET. (15points)
作文解析：
本作
文题目比较好写，因为标题和图示非常清晰明白。图标显示了1990年到2010年城
镇人口和乡村人
口的变化。考生分析原因的话也会很简单。
参考例文：
What is clearly
presented in the above chart is the different
numbers of urban
residents and rural
population among 1990,2000 and number of urban
residents
climbed steadily from 300 million in
1990 to 660 million or so in 2010，while rural
population decreased slightly from about 820
million to 680 million or so in the same
period.
It is not difficult to come up
with some possible factors accounting for this
trend. On the one hand, with the rapid
development of economy and society, people
in
mounting numbers crowd into cities in search of
employment, a decent living and
the excitement
of urban life recently. On the other hand, the
economy in the rural
districts is comparative
less developed and thus the opportunity to make
money and
pursue their future is as well lean.
As a result, an increasing number of folks are
trying to escape this destiny by flocking into
the urban areas.
Given the analyses above, I
firmly believe that such established trend will
surely
continue for quite a while in the
forthcoming years and due importance should be
attached to this evident situation.