英语中的句子按照结构可以划分为三种类型
现代爱情诗词名句-保护环境演讲稿
英语中的句子按照结构可以划分为三种类型：简单句、并列句、复合句。这三种句子类型中，尤
其是简单句与复合句之间
常相互转换使用。掌握一些有关句型转换的知识，学会如何进行句子类型之间的
转换，有助于我们运用所学过的不同的句型
来表达相同的意思。
简单句与复合句之间转换
是英语句型转换的一种重要形式，也是我们运用英语所应掌握的技能。现对转换形式作一解题
点拨：
I. 简单句与复合句的互换
把一个简单句转换成一个复合句，一般是将一个短语变
为一个从句。相反，复合句转换为简单句时要把一个从句变为一
个短语。
1. The
foreigners want to know how they can learn to do
Chinese Kongfu well. → The foreigners want to know
how to learn to do Chinese Kongfu well.
【解析】含宾语从句的复合句变为简单句，可以把宾语从句改为疑问词+不定式的结构或者改为主语+谓语+宾语
+宾
补这种结构；简单句变复合句，一般是把宾语扩大为宾语从句，其宾语从句应该用将来时或情态动词
+动词原形的形式。
2. She was so weak that she
couldn't take care of her baby. → She was too weak
to take care of her baby.
3. The ice on the
lake was so thin that people couldn't skate on it.
→ The ice on the lake was not thick
enough for
people to skate on.
【解析】当so...that从句是否定句，其主语与主句主语相同，可用句型too...to do st
h.替换；当so...that从句
是否定句，其主语与主句主语不相同，可用句型too...fo
r sb. to do sth.
替换；当so...that从句是肯定句，其主语与
主句主语相同时，可用...enough to
do sth.替换；
当so...that从句是肯定句，其主语与主句主语不相同时，可用...enough
for
sb. to do sth.替换。
4. Be brave, or you'll lose
your chance. → If you aren't brave, you'll lose
your chance.
5. Come on, or we'll miss the
early bus. → If we don't hurry, we'll miss the
early bus.
【解析】 祈使句+or+简单句可转换为引导的否定的条件句+主句的
句型；祈使句+and+简单句可转换为引
导的肯定的条件句+主句的句型。
6.
She seems to be worried now. → It seems that she
is worried now.
【解析】
seem是关于内心活动的用语，含有心中所想象的意思在内。seem后接动词不定式，也常用It
seems that
结构。简单句变为复合句应特别注意它们之间的同义可换性。
II. 简单句与简单句的转换
简单句本身可以通过对句子成分(包
括主语、谓语、宾语、状语和定语)或句型自身的调整来表达相同或相近的意思。常
见的转换方法有：①
词与词的转换如：反义词的转换、同义词的转换、代词的转换、词性的转换)；②
词与短语的转
换属格与's属格的转换、时间表达的转换等)；③句式与句式的转换如：How old
is (are)...?与What is sb.'s age?
的转换、How do you
like...?与What do you think of... ? 的转换、动词 + sb. +
sth.与动词 + sth. + 介词 + sb.
的转换等)。
7. We
spent twenty minutes cleaning the room yesterday.
→ It took us twenty minutes to clean the room
yesterday.
8. The motorbike cost him
7,000 yuan last year. → He paid spent 7,000 yuan
for on (buying) the motorbike
last year.
【解析】 spend与take都可以表示做某事花某人多少时间或金钱。 spend的主语用某人表示；
take的主语用it。
即这一句型可换成
sth.句型。两个句型都可表示某人花若干时间做
某事。但在转换时，应注意语序的变化，尤其是前一个句型中(in) doing
或on
sth.，在后一个句型中应改为to do sth.。相当于pay...for, 它们之间可转换使用。
9. Jane says science isn't so interesting as
music to her. → Jane says science is less
interesting than
music to her.
10. She
rides a bicycle more carefully than anyone else in
her class. → She is the most careful bicycle
rider in her class【解析】常见的比较等级之间的转换有：①so
as+原级+ as可改为比较级+ than；② so
as+原级+as可改为原级(多音节词)+than；③ 最高级+of in短语可改为比较级+than
any other+复数名词
than any of the others anyone
else anything else；④可改为。
11. The exhibition
of children's art began a few days ago. → The
exhibition of children's art has been on
for a
few days.
12. My grandpa joined the Party
thirty years ago. → My grandpa has been in the
Party for thirty years.
13. Sam's
grandfather died 10 years ago. → Sam's grandfather
has been dead for 10 years.
【解析】含一般过去时与现在完成时
句式之间的转换是很常用的。在现在完成时中，延续性动词与表示一段时间的状语
连用，瞬间动词不能。
但是，可以用别的方式来表达：①瞬间动词用于一段时间+ago的一般过去时的句型中；②瞬间动词
可
改写成与之相对应的延续性动词及短语，与一段时间连用；③ 瞬间动词用于一段时间+since+一般过去时
的句
型中；④瞬间动词用于一般过去时的句型中。另外，将来时
结构与结构的转换；进行时(如
come , go动词)可与将来时的转换。
14. You must
throw the broken pottery away at once. → The
broken pottery must be thrown away at once.
15. Every one should give back his or her library
books on time. → Library books should be returned
on time.
16. People make great use of
computers widely in the world. → Computers are
widely used in the world.
【解析】 ①主动句变被动句的方法是
：首先把主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语，再把谓语动词变为被动语态，最后加
上介词by的宾语(有时
可省略)；②被动句变为主动句的方法是：先把被动句中by的宾语变为主动句的主语(如被动句中省
略
了介词by及其宾语，一般可以用 we, you, they等作主语)，再把谓语动词改为主动语态(即把
be去掉)，最后把被动句
的主语改为主动句的宾语，主动句的时态与被动句中be的时态一致；③在l
et, make, hear, see, watch等后的动词不定
式在主动语态中不带to，变
为被动语态时，要加上to；④双宾语动词结构变为被动语态，则应在间接宾语前加上相应的介
词to或
for。如 Li Lei was given a bike by Mr Wang. → Mr
Wang gave a bike to Li Lei.
III. 二合并一成简单句
有时为了使句子结构更加紧凑，语言更加生动，我们可以把两个或两个以上的简单句合并为简单句，
这样，句子意思上
的联系显得更密切。
17. Lucy can't sing
the English song
nor Lily can sing the English
song
18. This store sells men's shoes, and
it also sells men's clothes. → This store sells
not only men's shoes
but also men's clothes.
【解析】两个意义相关的简单句合并为一个简单句。常见的方式有三类：①用both...and, not
only...but also,
either...or, neither...nor,
not...but等连接词合并。由not only...but also, either...or,
neither...nor等连接
的并列主语，通常遵循就近原则，即谓语需根据后面的名词(词组)
的单复数而定；②用too...to, enough
to等含不定式结
构合并；③用分词短语合并。
IV. 二合并一成复合句
由两个简单句合并成一个复合句，多把一个分句转换成一个从句。如：
19.
night.
20. I won't go with my brother,
he thinks. → He doesn't think I will go with my
brother.
21. Where does he live? I don't
know. →I don't know where he lives.
【解析】构成宾语从句应注意三点：①宾语从句的引导词是否缺少或用错；②宾语从句语序是否是陈述句的语序；
③宾
语从句的时态是否与主句谓语动词的时态相呼应。
【测试】按要求改写下列句子。每空限填一词。
1. There is a strong
wind today.
It's very ________ today. 2.
What's the weather like in America?
________ ________ the weather in America?
3.
We must keep the noise under 50 dbs (分贝) here.
The noise must ________ ________ under 50
dbs here.
4. Wu Dong joined the League three
years ago.
Wu Dong has ________ in the
League ________ three years.
5. I didn't
know what I should say.
I didn't know what
________ ________.
6. Does the shop close at
six every day? Do you know?
Do you know
________ the shop ________ at six every day?
7. Lucy is the tallest girl in her class.
Lucy is ________ than ________ ________ girls in
her class.
8. Tom is in the football team.
Jim is in the football team, too.
________
Tom ________ Jim ________ on the football team.
9. John will go to bed after he finishes his
homework.
John ________ ________ to bed
________ he finishes his homework.
10. He
was so happy that he couldn't say a word when he
was told the news.
He was ________ happy
________ say a word when he was told the news.
Key: 1. windy 2. How is How about
What about 3. be kept 4. been; for 5. to say 6.
if; closes 7. taller;
any other 8. Both; and;
are 9. won't go; until 10. too; to