高中英语语法教案-句子的种类
乌龟历险记-安徽商贸职业技术
高中英语语法教案-句子的种类
（一）
按使用目的，句子可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。
1）陈述句（Declarative
Sentences）：说明一个事实或陈述一
种看法。例如：
Light
travels faster than sound. 光比声传播速度快。
（说明事实）
The film is rather boring.
这部电影很乏味。（说明看
法）
2）疑问句（Interrogative
Sentences）：提出问题。有以下四
种：
a. 一般疑问句（General
Questions）：
Can you finish the work in
time? 你能按时完成工
作吗？
b. 特殊疑问句（Wh-
Questions）：
Where do you live? 你住那儿？
c. 选择疑问句（Alternative Questions）：
Do
you want tea or coffee? 你是要茶还是要咖啡？
d.
反意疑问句（Tag-Questions）：
He doesn't know
her, does he? 他不认识她，对不
对？
3）祈使句（Imperative
Sentences）：提出请求，建议或发出
命令。例如：
Don't be nervous! 别紧张！
4）感叹句（Exclamatory
Sentences）：表示说话人惊奇、喜悦、
愤怒等情绪。例如：
What
good news it is! 多好的消息啊！
（二）句子按其结构可以分为以下三类：
1）简单句（Simple
Sentences）：只包含一个主谓结构句子叫
简单句。例如：
She is
fond of collecting stamps. 她喜欢集邮。
2）并列句（Compound Sentences）：包含两个或两个以上主谓
结构的句子
叫并列句，句与句之间通常用并列连词或分号来连
接。例如：
The food
was good, but he had little appetite.
食物
很精美，但他却没什么胃口。
3）复合句（Complex
Sentences）：包含一个主句和一个或几个
从句的句子叫复合句，从句由从属连词引导。例如：
The film had begun when we got to the
cinema. 我们
到达电影院的时候，电影已经开演了。
（三）基本句型（Basic
Sentence Patterns）：英语中千变万
化的句子归根结底都是由以下五种基本句型组合
、扩展、变化
而来的：
1) 主 + 动（SV）例如：I work. 我工作。
2）主 + 动 + 表（SVP）例如：John is busy. 约翰忙。
3）主 + 动 + 宾（SVO）例如：She studies English.
她学
英语。
4）主 + 动 + 宾 + 补（SVOC）例如：Time would
prove me
right. 时间会证明我是对的。
5）主 + 动 + 间宾 +
直宾（SVOiOd）例如：My mother made
me a new dress.
我母亲给我做了一件新衣裳。
1 祈使句结构
祈使句用以表达命令，要求，请求，劝告等。
1）祈使句有两种类型，一种是以动词原形开头，在动词原形之
前加do
（但只限于省略第二人称主语的句子）。例如：
Take this seat.
坐这儿。
Do be careful. 务必小心。
否定结构：例如：
Don't move. 不准动。
Don't be late.
不要迟到。
2）第二种祈使句以let开头。
Let 的反意疑问句：
a. Let's 包括说话者。例如：
Let's have
another try, shall we shan't we? =
Shall we
have another try? 我们再试一次，如何？
b. Let us
不包括说话者。例如：
Let us have another
try，will you won't you? =
Will you please let
us have another try? 你让我们再试
一次，好吗？
否定结构：例如：
Let's not talk of that matter.
不要谈这件事。
Let us not talk of that matter.
你不要让我们谈这件
事。
2 感叹句结构
感叹句通常有what, how引导，表示赞美、惊叹、喜悦、
等感情。what修饰名词，how
修饰形容词，副词或动词，感叹
句结构主要有以下几种：
掌握它的搭配，即掌握了感叹句的重点。
How +形容词+ a +名词+
陈述语序。例如：How clever a boy
he is! 他是多聪明的孩子！
How+形容词或副词+陈述语序。例如：How lovely the baby is!
小毛头真可爱！
What +名词+陈述语序。例如：What noise they
are making!
他们真吵！
What
+a+形容词+名词+陈述语序。例如：What a clever boy
he is!
他是多聪明的孩子！
What+ 形容词+复数名词+陈述语序。例如：What
wonderful
ideas （we have）! 我们的主意真棒！
What+ 形容词+不可数名词+陈述语序。例如：What cold
weather
it is! 多冷的天！
What a clever boy he
is!的省略形式为：What a clever boy!
典型例题
1）___
food you've cooked!
A. How a nice B. What a
nice C. How nice D.
What nice
答案D.
由于How 修饰形容词，副词；what修饰名词。且
food为不可数名词，因此A，B
排除。C的 How + adj. 后面
不能再加名词，因此只有D正确，其句型为What +
adj. +n.
（不可数）。
2）___terrible weather
we've been having these days!
A. What B.
What a C. How D. How a
答案A.
weather为不可数名词，B，D排除。C为how + adj.
后面不应有名词。只有A，符合句型What +形容词+不可数名
词。
3）
--- _____ I had!
--- You really suffered a
lot.
A. What a time B. What time C. How a
time D.
how time
答案A. 感叹句分两类：
1：What + n.+主谓部分
2：How +
adj. adv. v.+主谓部分。本题属第
一种，但省略了bad，相对于 What a
bad time I had! 这是
个习惯用语。
3 强调句结构
常用的强调句结构是it 引导的句子，结构为It is（was）+
被强调部分+
that （who） + 句子的其余部分。此结构强调的
成分限于主语，宾语和状语。例如：
It is from the sun that we get light and
heat. 我们
是从太阳那儿获取光和热。
It was not until I
had read your letter that I
understood the
true state of affairs. 知道读了你的信，
我才知道实际情形。
典型例题
1）It was last night ___ I see the
comet.
A. the time B. when C. that D. which
答案C. 强调句的结构是： It +be +强调部分 + that
（who））+ 主谓句。
强调句的连词只有两个，that和who。
当强调的部分是人，且为句子的主语时，才用
，其余
用that。再如：原句：My father did the experiment in
the
lab yesterday evening.
强调主语： It was my father who did the experiment
in the lab yesterday evening.
强调宾语： It
was the experiment that my father did
in the
lab yesterday evening.
强调时间： It was
yesterday evening that my father
did the
experiment in the lab. （注意不用when）
强调地点： It
was in the lab that my father did the
experiment yesterday evening.
2）It is ten
years ___ Miss Green returned to Canada.
A.
that B. when C. since D. as
答案C.
考点是连词用法。本题易误选为A. that. 其实本
句不是强调句。若是，去掉It be…
that还应是一个完整的句
子。而本句去掉 'It is…that'，只剩下ten years
Miss
Green returned to Canada. 不成句。因此本句不是强调句。
4 用助动词进行强调
句子的强调句还可以用助动词do
（did，does） 强调谓
语。例如：
She does like this
horse. 她的确喜欢这匹马。
Please do take care of
yourself. 千万保重。
5 反意疑问句
1）
陈述部分的主语是I，疑问部分要用 aren't I。例如：
I'm as tall
as your sister, aren't I? 我跟你姐
一样高，对吗？
2）
陈述部分的谓语是wish，疑问部分要用may +主语。例
如：
I wish to
have a word with you, may I? 我想与你说句话，
行吗？
3） 陈述部分用 no, nothing, nobody, never, few,
seldom,
hardly, rarely,
little等否定含义的词时，疑问部分用肯定
含义。例如：Some plants never
blown （开花）, do they ?
有些植物从不开花，对吗？
4）
含有ought to 的反意疑问句，陈述部分是肯定的，疑问
部分用shouldn't
oughtn't +主语。例如：
He ought to know what to
do, oughtn't he?
shouldn't he? 他应该知道该做什么，对吗？
5） 陈述部分有have to +v. （had to +
v.），疑问部分常
用don't +主语（didn't +主语）。例如：
We
have to get there at eight tomorrow, don't we?
我们要在明天早上八点到达那儿，是吗？
6） 陈述部分的谓语是used to
时，疑问部分用didn't +
主语或 usedn't +主语。例如：
He
used to take pictures there, didn't he?
usedn't he? 他以前常在那儿拍照，是吗？
7）
陈述部分有had better + v. 疑问句部分用hadn't you?
例如：
You'd better read it by yourself, hadn't
you?
你最好自己去读，好吗？
8） 陈述部分有would rather
+v.，疑问部分多用 wouldn't
+主语。例如：
He would
rather read it ten times than recite it,
wouldn't he? 他宁可读十遍也不愿意背诵，是吗？
9）
陈述部分有You'd like to +v. 疑问部分用wouldn't
+主语。例如：
You'd like to go with me, wouldn't you?
你想和
我们一块去，对吗？
10） 陈述部分有must
的疑问句，疑问部分根据实际情况而定。
例如：
He must be a
doctor, isn't he? 他肯定是医生，是
吗？
You must
have studied English for three years,
haven't
you? didn't you? 你一定读过三年英语，对吗？
He must
have finished it yesterday, didn't he?
他肯定是在昨天完成任务的，是吗？
11） 感叹句中，疑问部分用be +主语。例如：
What colors, aren't they? 多漂亮的颜色，是吗？
12） 陈述部分由neither… nor, either… or
连接的并列
主语时，疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定。
Neither you nor
I am engineer, are we? 你不是工程师，
我也不是，对吗？
13） 陈述部分主语是指示代词或不定代词everything, that,
nothing, this, 疑问部分主语用it。例如：
Everything is ready, isn't it? 一切就绪，是吗？
14）
陈述部分为主语从句或并列复合句，疑问部分有三种情况：
a.
并列复合句疑问部分，谓语动词根据邻近从句的谓语而
定。例如：
Mr. Smith
had been to Beijing for several times, he
should have been in China now, shouldn't he?
史密斯先生曾几次去过北京，按理说他现在应该在中国，是吗？
b.
带有定语从句，宾语从句的主从复合句，疑问部分谓语
根据主句的谓语而定。例如：
He said he wanted to visit Japan, didn't he?
他
说他想去日本看看，他是那样说的吗？
c.
陈述部分主句为第一人称，谓语是think, believe,
expect,
suppose,
imagine等引导的定语从句，疑问部分与宾
语从句相对应构成反意疑问句。例如：
I don't think he is bright, is he?
我认为他并不
聪明，是吗？
We believe she can
do it better, can't she? 我们
相信她能做得更好，她能吗？
15） 陈述部分主语是不定代词everybody, anyone, somebody,
nobody, no one等，疑问部分常用复数they，有时也用单数
he。例如：
Everyone knows the answer, don't they?
（does
he?） 人人都知道答案，是这样吧？
Nobody knows
about it, do they? （does he?） 没人
知道这件事，是吧？
16） 带情态动词dare或need的反意疑问句，疑问部分常用
need （dare
） +主语。例如：
We need not do it again, need we
? 我们不必重做一
遍，是吗？
He dare not say so,
dare he? 他不敢这样说，是吗？
当dare, need
为实义动词时，疑问部分用助动词do + 主
语。例如：
She doesn't
dare to go home alone, does she? 她
不敢独自回家，是吗？
17） 省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句，疑问部分用will you。
例如：
Don't do that again, will you? 别再这样做，好吗？
Go with me, will you won't you ?
跟我走吧，好
吗？
注意：Let's 开头的祈使句，后用shall we?
Let us 开头的祈使句，后用will you? 例如：
Let's
go and listen to the music, shall we?
一起
去听音乐，好吗？
Let us wait for you in the
reading-room, will you ?
你让我们在阅览室等你，好吗？
18） 陈述部分是be结构的，疑问部分用there省略
主语代词。例如：
There is something wrong with your watch, isn't
there? 你的表有问题，对不对？
There will not be
any trouble, will there? 不会有
麻烦吧，是吗？
19）
否定前缀不能视为否定词，其反意疑问句仍用否定形式。
例如：
It is
impossible, isn't it? 这不可能，是吗？
He is not
unkind to his classmates, is he? 他不会
对他同学使坏，是吗？
20） must在表推测时，根据其推测的情况来确定反意疑
问句。例如：
He must be there now, isn't he?
他现在肯定在那儿，
是吧？
It must be going to
rain tomorrow, won't it? 明天
肯定要下雨，是吗？
6 反意疑问句练习
1. You’d rather watch TV this
evening, ______?
a. isn’t it b. hadn’t you c.
wouldn’t you d. won’t
you
2. I suppose
you’re not going today, ______?
a. are you b.
do you c. don’t you d. aren’t you
3. I wish
to shake hands with you, ______?
a. shall b.
may I c. do I d. will I
4. Three hours ought
to be enough time, ______?
a. oughtn’t three
hours b. didn’t they c. shouldn’t
it d.
shouldn’t three hours
5. They have to study a
lot, ______?
a. don’t they b. haven’t they c.
did they d. hadn’t
they
6. When the car
crashed, your brother escaped being
hurt,
______ ?
a. didn’t he b. did he c. did it d.
didn’t it
7. I'm sure dirty, ______?
a. am I b. isn’t I c. aren’t I d. am
not I
8. You seem to be dissatisfied with
your present post.
I don’t think you judged
your ability objectively when
you applied for
it, ______ you?
a. do b. did c. don’t d.
didn’t
9. That’s the sort of the book you
want, ______?
a. is it d. isn’t that c. is
that d. isn’t it
these dictionaries are a
great help to you,
______?
a. are they b.
aren’t they
c. are all these dictionaries d.
aren’t all these
dictionaries
movie that
we saw last week was quite interesting,
______?
a. wasn’t it b. was it c. didn’t
we d. weren’t we
has been writing letters
all afternoon, but he
should have finished
them by now, ______?
a. hasn’t he b. has he
c. shouldn’t he d. didn’t you
David told me
that you would take a trip to America,
______?
a. would you b. wouldn’t you c. did you d.
didn’t you
appeared to be no better way,
_______?
a. was there b. were there c.
did there d. didn’t there
has some trouble
finding where I live, ______?
a. didn’t you
b. hadn’t you c. do I d. don’t I
has his
hair cut every month, ______?
a. has he b.
hasn’t he c. does he d. doesn’t he
friend
needs to come earlier, ______?
a. does he b.
doesn’t he c. need he d. needn’t he
little
boy dare not go to church, ______?
a. dare he
b. daren’t he c. does he d. doesn’t he
’d
have worked abroad if she’d had the chance,
______?
a. has she b. hadn’t she c. would
she d. wouldn’t she
ne’s having a good time,
______?
a. is he b. isn’t everyone c. does he
d. aren’t they
one can join the club,
______?
a. can any one b. can’t any one c.
can’t they d. can
they
me how to operate
the electronic computer,
______?
a. will
you b. shan’t you c. do you d. don’t you
t
scarcely comes to visit you on Christmas Day,
______?
a. doesn’t she b. does she
c. do you d. don’t you
’s listen to the radio
program that the teacher
mentioned, ______?
a. do we b. don’t we c. shall we d. shan’t we
think you’re funny, ______?
a. didn’t
you b. are you c. don’t you d. do you
used
to take part in labor in that village,
______?
a. used she b. did she c. didn’t she d. should
she
beautiful weather, ______?
a. is it
b. isn’t it c. won’t it d. doesn’t it
ought
to go to Kwangchow by plane, ______?
a.
should he b. shouldn’t he c. would he d. wouldn’t
he
never dared to ask him a question,
______?
a. did we b. didn’t we c. dared we d.
daren’t we
will believe how difficult his
work has been
______?
a. will he b. won’t
nobody c. will they d. won’t they
must have
made the mistake, ______?
a. mustn’t you b.
haven’t you c. didn’t you d.
hadn’t you
ng how to repair computers takes a long
time,
______?
a. isn’t it b. aren’t they
c. doesn’t it d. don’t
they
has coffee
with breakfast, ______?
a. hasn’t Jack b.
hasn’t he c. doesn’t Jack d.
doesn’t he
must have stayed at hotel last night, ______?
a. mustn’t they b. haven’t they c. didn’t they
d.
hadn’t they
isn’t anything wrong with
the radio, ______?
a. is there b. is it c.
does it d. does there
must be hungry,
______?
a. must you b. mustn’t you c. are you
d. aren’t you
’s do the exercises by
ourselves, ______?
a. shall we b. shan’t we
c. will you d. will we
daughter had the
carpets and curtains cleaned,
______?
a.
had she b. hadn’t she c. didn’t she d. didn’t her
daughter
teacher had a talk with you,
______?
a. has you b. hadn’t she c. did she
d. didn’t she
ing’ll have to be done
about the air
pollution, ______?
a. won’t
it b. will it c. has it d. does it
句子的种类练习答案：
1 C 19 D 37 A
2 A 20 D 38
C
3 B 21 C 39 D
4 C 22 A 40 A
5 A
23 B 41
6 A 24 C 42
7 C 25 D 43
8 B
26 C 44
9 D 27 B 45
10 B 28 B 46
11
A 29 A 47
12 C 30 C 48
13 B 31 B 49
14 D 32 C 50
15 A 33 D 51
16 D 34 C
52
17 B 35 A 53
18 A 36 D 54