英语中的四类动final
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英语中的四类动词
一、情态动词
a. 情态动词的特征
1）有一定的意义
must“必须”
ought to“应该”
2)可在其后加not构成否定
句
I can not sing in
English.
3)可将其提到主语之前构成
疑问句
May I come
in?
4)其不随主语人称和数的改
变
5）其后接动词原形
He may be at home on
Sunday.
She must
be happy today.
needs study hard. wrong
need not to study hard. wrong
need study
hard. right
does not need study hard.
wrong
needs to study hard. right
need to study hard. wrong
7. Tom need not
study hard. right
8. Tom does not need to
study hard.
right
b. 情态动词完成式的特殊
含义
must have done 过去肯定
猜测
It must
have rained last
night.
can’t have
done过去否定猜
测
--I saw Mary in the hospital
yesterday.
--You ___ her, she is away
from Beijing. 12年真题
A. must not see
B.
can’t have seen
C. mustn’t have seen
D.
couldn’t see
might have
done过去本可
以做…,但未做… 189页
shouldought
to have done
过去本应该做…,但未做…
need have
done过去本需要
做…202页
could have
done过去本来
能做…, 但未做…
I could have bought a
dictionary yesterday, but I
lent all my
money to my
friend.
c. 情态动词的被动语态
一般式：情态动词be+过去
分词
The loud noise
can be heard
in the street.
完成式：情态动词have
been+过去分词
The elephant ought ____
hours ago by the keepers.
12年真题
A. to
be fed
B. to feed
C. to being fed
D.
to have been fed
主谓关系—被动—被动语
态—谓语动词发生的时间
The house (buy) ___ last
year. was
bought
discover—discovery （名）
The
(discover) ___ of oil
makes that country rich
overnight.
compare to把…比喻作…
compare
with把…和…对比
reflect反射；反映；沉思
reflect on
二、助动词
1）助动词不能单独作谓语，
与动词一起构成谓语
I
will buy a book tomorrow.
2）每个时态都有自己的助
动词。
3）助动词起着构成一个时
态的否定和疑问的作用。
I did not go
to Beiling park
yesterday.
一般现在时：dodoes
一般过去时：did
一般将来时：will
现在完成时：havehas
过去完成时：had
过去将来时：would
现在进行时：amisare
过去进行时：waswere
三、连系动词
1）可形成主系表结构，系
表一起构成谓语。
I am tall.
谓语
I (主语) am(系动词) tall(表
语).
2）三类系动词
a. amisarewaswere
I am honest. I am
talking.
b. 表示与变化相关的动词,
或表进入另外一种状态的
动词
turn, become, get,
go
badcrazymadpenniless
unnoticedbankrupt…
come true
fall asleepill
run
dry
grow wise
c. 与感官有关的动词，意为
“…起来”
sound, look, feel, smell,
taste……
The
song sounds ___.
A. beauty B. beautiful
C. beautifully D. beautify
注：当与感官有关的动词和
形容词构成系表结构时，用
主动形式表被动含义。
As a proverb格言 says, a
good
medicine (taste) ___
bitter苦的 to the mouth.
is tasted –tastes
better—bitter—litter
四、实义动词
1）单独作谓语
I often learn English
on
weekends.
2）可分为及物动词（其后
可带宾语，有被动语态）和
不及物动词（其后没有宾
语，没有被动语态）。
3）如不及物动词后如要带
宾语，就需在其后加介词或
副词或其他词，形成动词短
语。注意：有些动词短语
也
是不及物的，固不可带宾
语。
I am waiting a bus.
wrong
I am waiting for a bus. right
在过去的20年中中国发生
了巨大的变化。take place
Great
changes have taken
place in China in the past
20 years.
在专升本考试中，如括号里
给的词处在谓语位置后，我
们应该考虑：
1）主谓一致
2）被动语态
3）虚拟语气
4）时态