单证员-小说读后感

英 语 动 词 的 种 类

◆ 动词的简单分类：
情
1
只作情态动词使用

态
2
可作情态动词，也可作实义动词

动
可作情态动词，也可作助动词

词
3
形式变化：
1 be
形式变化：
助
2 do
动
3 have
形式变化：
词
4 shall
形式变化：
形式变化：
5 will
1
状态系动词
be
2
表像系动词
look ________________________________
系
3
感官系动词
feel _________________________________
动
4
持续系动词
keep ________________________________
词
5
变化系动词
become ________________________________
6
终止系动词
prove _________________________________
实
本身意义完整后面不须跟宾语的实义动词,若要跟宾语，必须加上介
不及物动词

词。如：
1
义

及物动词
后面必须跟宾语意义才完整的实义动词。后面可以直接跟宾语。如：


动
表示“使、令、让、叫„”等意义的动词. 如:
2
使役动词


词
3
其它动词


情态动词
can, could
1) 表示能力（体力、知识、技能）。 Can you lift this heavy box?（体力）
2) 表示请求和允许。 -----Can I go now? ----- Yes, you can. No, you can’t.
3) 表示客观可能性（客观原因形成的能力）。
They’ve changed the timetable, so we can go by bus instead.
This hall can hold 500 people at least.
4) 表示推测（惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度），用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中。Can this be true?
may, might
1) 表示请求和允许。might比 may语气更委 婉，而不是过去式。否定回答时可用can’t或mustn’t，
表示“不可以，禁止”。
----Might May I smoke in this room? ---- No, you mustn’t.
---- MayMight I take this book out of the room? ---- Yes, you can. (No, you can’t mustn’t’t. )
用May I...？征徇对方许可时比较正式和客气，而用Can I...？在口语中更常见。
2）用于祈使句，表示祝愿。May you succeed!
3) 表示推测、可能性（不用于疑问句）。might不是过去式，它所表示的可能性比may小。
1．He may might be very busy now.
2．Your mother may might not know the truth.
must, have to
1) 表示必须、必要。 You must come in time. 在回答引出的问句时，如果是否定的，不能用mustn’t’t（禁止，不准），而用needn’t’t , don’t have to
（不必）.
---- Must we hand in our exercise books today?
---- Yes, you must.
---- No, you don’t have to you needn’t.
2) must是说话人的主观看法， 而have to则强调客观需要。Must只有一般现在时， have to 有更多
的时态形式。

1． he play isn’t interesting, I really must go now.
2． I had to work when I was your age.
3) 表示推测、可能性（只用于肯定的陈述句）
1． You’re Tom’s good friend, so you must know what he likes best.
2． Your mother must be waiting for you now.
dare, need
1) dare作情态动词用时, 常用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中, 过去式形式为dared。
1． How dare you say I’m unfair?
2． He daren’t speak English before such a crowd, dare he?
3． If we dared not go there that day， we couldn’t get the beautiful flowers.
2) need 作情态动词用时, 常用于疑问句、否定句。在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to, should代
替。
1．You needn’t’t come so early.
2. ---- Need I finish the work today? ---- Yes, you must. No, you needn’t’t.
3) dare和 need作实义动词用时， 有人称、时态和数的变化。在肯定句中，dare后面 常接带to的不定
式。在疑问句和否定句中，dare后面可接带to或不带to的不定式。而need 后面只能接带to的不定式。
1. I dare to swim across this river. 2. He doesn’t’t dare (to) answer.
3. He needs to finish his homework today.
shall, should
1) shall 用于第一人称，征求对方的意见。What shall we do this evening?
2) shall 用于第二、三人称，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。
1. You shall fail if you don’t work hard.(警告)
2. He shall have the book when I finish it.(允诺)
3. He shall be punished.(威胁)
will, would
1) 表示请求、建议等，would更委婉。Will Would you pass me the ball, please?
2) 表示意志、愿望和决心。
1. I will never do that again. 2. They asked him if he would go abroad.
3) would表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。would表示过去习惯时比used to正式，且没有“现已
无此习惯”的含义。
1. During the vacation, he would visit me every other day. 2. The wound would not heal.
4) 表示估计和猜想。
It would be about ten o’clock when she left home.
should, ought to
1) should, ought to表示“应该”，ought to表示义务或责任，比should语气重。
1. I should help her because she is in trouble. 2. You ought to take care of the baby.
2) 表示劝告、建议和命令。should, ought to可通用，但在疑问句中常用should。
1. You should ought to go to class right away. 2. Should I open the window?
3) 表示推测 should , ought to (客观推测), must(主观推测)。
must be home by now. (断定他已到家)
ought toshould be home by now.(不太肯定)
3. This is where the oil must be.(直爽)
4. This is where the oil ought toshould be.(含蓄)
情态动词
+
不定式完成式（
have done
）

1) can could + have done在肯定句中表示“本来可以做而实际上能做某事 ”，是虚拟语气；在疑问句
或否定句中表示对过去行为的怀疑或不肯定, 表示推测。
1. You could have done better, but you didn’t’t try your best. （虚拟语气）
2. He can’t have been to that town.（推测）
3. Can he have got the book?（推测）
2) may might +不定式完成式（have done）
表示对过去行为的推测。不能用于疑问句中，没有虚拟语气的用法。Might所表示的可能性比may
小。
1. He may not have finished the work .
2. If we had taken the other road, we might have arrived earlier.
3）must +不定式完成式（have done）
用于肯定句中，表示对过去行为的推测。意为“一定、想必” 。其疑问、否定形式用can，can’t代

替。参看1) can could + have done表示推测。
1. You must have seen the film Titanic.
2. He must have been to Shanghai.
4）should +不定式完成式（have done）
用于肯定句中，表示对过去行为的推测。
He should have finished the work by now。
表示“本应该做而实际上没有做某事”，其否定式表示某种行为本不该发生却发生了。可以与
ought to +不定式完成式（have done）互换。
1. You ought to should have helped him. (but you didn’t.)
2. She shouldn’t’t have taken away my measuring tape, for I wanted to use it.
5) needn’t’t +不定式完成式（have done）
表示“本来不必做而实际上做了某事”。
You needn’t’t have watered the flowers, for it is going to rain.
6) will +不定式完成式（have done）
主要用于第二、三人称，表示对已完成的动作或事态的推测。
He will have arrived by now.


Exercise
I用动词的适当形式填空；
1. _________ (not frighten) the boy. He’s much younger than you. You should ______ (be) friendly to him.
2. If you want _________ (be) healthy, you need _________ (do) some exercise every day.
3. There is nothing _________ (do) right now. I suggest _________ (go) _________ (boat).
4. Look! It’s all white outside. Everything ________ (cover) with snow.
5. Babies are not easy ________ (look) after.
6. I want to get a pet. Do you have any suggestions? What about _________ (get) a dog?
7. I like _______ (watch) my dog _________ (play) around. I often teach him _____ (play) different tricks.
8. Yesterday I _______(forget) ________ (bring) my homework to school.
So I _______ (have) to get back ________ (get) it.
9. Thank you for ________ (help) ________ (put) out the fire.
10. My best friend Lucy is good at _________ (dance). She _______ (practice) _______ (dance) every day.
11. There ______ (be) a fire yesterday. And the fireman ______ (help) a lot of people out of the fire.
12. When I ______ (hear) someone ______ (shout) outside, I ______ (rush) out of the room.
13. They were surprised ______ (hear) the noise.
14. They are all fond of ______ (listen) to music.
15. It ______ (rain) tomorrow.
16. The earth ______ (move) around the sun
17. Tomorrow ______ (be) Sunday. Let’s ______ (go) to the park together.
18. ______ we ______ (take) a rest?
19. I’d like my daughter ______ (be) a doctor.
20. Where ______ (be) Tom last night?
21. How many students ______ (be) there in your class last term?
22. He wanted my help. So I ______ (stop) ______ (help) him.
23. I want _____ (buy) a new car next year.
24. When and where _____ we______ (meet)?
25. Let’s ______ (meet) at the park gate.
26. When the teacher ______ (come) to the classroom yesterday, the students stopped ______ (talk).
27. I hope it ______ (be) sunny tomorrow., because I ______ (visit) the great Wall.
28. The Purple Mountain is a good place ______ _go) picnicking.
29. It ______ (take) me about an hour _______ (get) to school this morning, because it ______ (rain) hard.
30. He enjoys ______ (read) on the balcony in the winter sun.

II情态动词练习题
1. “I thought you wouldn’t mind.” “Well, as a matter of fact I don’t, but you _____ me first.”

A. should ask B. should have asked C. must ask D. must have asked
2. “I called you yesterday. A woman answered, but I didn’t recognize her voice.”
“Oh, it _____ my aunt Jean.”
A. must be B. must have been C. might be D. can have been
3. That car nearly hit me; I ______.
A. might be killed B. might have been killed C. may be killed D. may been killed
4. It’s a very kind offer, but I really _____ accept it.
A. mustn’t B. needn’t C. can’t D. don’t
5. The police still haven’t found her, but they’re doing all they _____.
A. may B. can C. must D. will
6. You _____ practise the drums while the baby is sleeping.
A. needn’t B. mightn’t C. mustn’t D. won’t
7. You _____ him the news; he knew it already.
A. needn’t tell B. needn’t have told C. mightn’t tell D. mightn’t have told
8. As she’s not here, I suppose she _____ home.
A. must go B. must have gone C. might go D. might be going
9. Are you still here? You ______ home hours ago.
A. should go B. should have gone C. might go D. may have gone
10. “I called you yesterday. A woman answered, but I didn’t recognize her voice.” “Oh, it _____ my aunt
Jean.”
A. must be B. must have been C. might be D. can have been
11. I _______ have met him a long time ago. Both his name and face are very familiar.
A. may B. can C. would D. should
13. “Shall we go shopping?” “Sorry, we _______ buy anything now because none of the shops are open.”
A. mustn’t B. needn’t C. can’t D. shouldn’t
14. They often go to the restaurants for meals. They _____ be very poor.
A. mustn’t B. can’t C. may not D. needn’t
15. I didn’t see her in the meeting room this morning. She ______ have spoken at the meeting.
A. mustn’t B. shouldn’t C. needn’t D. couldn’t
17. He ______ the test again, in which case, his mother will be very disappointed.
A. might fail B. must have failed C. should fail D. could have failed
18. “Why didn’t she come to the meeting yesterday?” “I’m not so sure. She ______ ill.”
A. should be B. should have been C. must be D. might have been
19. Why did you just sit and watch? You _______ me.
A. could help B. should help C. could have helped D. must have helped
20. “You ______ your teacher for help. He is kind-hearted.” “Yes. A whole day _______.”
A. can ask, will waste B. must have asked, had wasted
C. could have asked, was wasted D. shouldn’t have asked, would be wasted
21. “Is there a flight to London this evening?” “There _______ be. I’ll phone the airport and find it out.”
A. must B. might C. would D. can
22. “Show me your permit, please.” “Oh, it’s not in my pocket. It ______.”
A. might fall out fall out have fallen out D. must have fallen out
23. “Look at these tracks. It _______ be a wolf.” “Don’t be so sure. I think it _______ be a fox.”
A. must; could B. may; might C. need; must D. could; need
25. “Did Jim come?” “I don’t know. He _______ while I was out.”
A. might have come B. might come C. mush have come D. should have come