研究生答案-小学英语教师个人工作总结

英语四级图表作文的类型及范文
一、图表作文的类型
二、图表作文的出题形式
三、图表作文的写作要领
四、图表作文练习及其参考范文
图表作文也是四（六）级考试中常见，而且被认为是一种较难的作文形式。图表作文就是把
非文 字信息（通常为各种图表表示的数字信息等）转换成文字信息的一种作文。它要求
我们用文字来描述非文 字性的图表或对图表显示的关系作解释说明。下面我们先来看一
看图表作文的类型。
第一节图表作文的类型
图表作文可分为两大类：表作文和图作文。
图表作文 表格（Table）可以使大量数据系统化，便于阅读、比较。表格常由标题（Title）、表头（Box head）
（表格的第一行）、侧目（Stub）（表格左边的第一列）和主体（Body）部分（表格 的其
余部分）等部分组成。如下表：
用表格表达的信息具体准确，而且表格中的各项均按一定 规律排列。阅读表格时要注意找出
表格中各个项目的相互关系，表格中各个项目的变化规律。例如，上面 的表格中的数字
说明，和1978年相比，1983年大学入学的人数在增加，而小学的入学人数在减少 。搞
清楚这些变化规律也就读懂了表格的内容。
图作文
图作文又可分为三种：圆形图作文、曲线图作文和条状图作文。
（1）圆形图作文
圆形图（Pie chart）也称为饼状图或圆面分割图。圆形图因为比较形象和直观，各部分空间< br>大小差别容易分辨，所以常用来表示总量和各分量之间的百分比关系。整个圆表示总量，
楔形块表 示分量。有时圆形图还有数值表，两者结合可把各分量表示得更准确、清楚。
例如：
This is a pie chart of the average weekly expenditure of a family in Great Britain. As can be
see from the chart, the main expenditure of an average British family is spent on food, which
accounts for 25% of its total expenditure. The next two significant expending items are
transport and housing, which are 15% and 12% respectively. If we take into account clothing
and footwear, which makes up 10%, the four essentials of life, that is, food, transport,
housing, and clothing and footwear, amount to 62% of the total expenditure.
（2）曲线图作文
曲线图（Line graph）也称为线性图或坐标图。曲线图最适合表示两个变量之间关系的发展< br>过程和趋势。一般来说，曲线所呈现的形状比某一点所代表的变量的值更有意义。曲线
图有横轴和 纵轴。一般先看横轴所代表的数量或时间等，然后再看纵轴所显示的意义。
同时必须找出线条所反映的最 高或最低的变化。例如：
这个曲线图的横轴代表1990年的不同的月份，纵轴代表交通事故的数量。 从交通事故曲线
图上可知，前八个月的交通事故的数量有升有降。曲线图在八月份升到了最高点（39） ，
此后一直呈下降的趋势，十二月份降到了最低点（16）。可见，1990年的交通事故的数
量总体上呈下降的趋势。
（3）条形图作文
条形图（Bar graph）也称为立柱图或 圆柱图。条形图由宽度相同但长度不同的条块代表不同
的量。当要比较几个项目或量时，常用不同颜色来 区分。条形图主要用来表示：1）同

一项目在不同时间的量；2）同一时间不同项目的量 。阅读条形图时，要先看图例，再
看横轴、纵横各代表什么量，每一个刻度所代表的值是多少，最后找出 图中各长条所表
示的数据及各长条间的相互关系。例如：
左边的条形图的横轴代表时间，纵轴代表期望寿命（Life Expectancy），这一条形图想 要体现
的是同一项目（期望寿命）在不同时间的量。右边的条形图的横轴也是代表时间，纵轴
是 代表婴儿的死亡率（Infant Mortality），这一条形图想要体现的也是同一项目（婴儿的
死亡率）在不同时间的量。左边的条形图表明1990年的人均期望寿命比1960年的人
均期望寿命 长20岁，而1990年的婴儿死亡率比1960年的婴儿死亡率下降了50%。
第二节图表作文的出题形式
我们先来看几个四（六）级考试中的图表作文的例子。
例1 题目：Changes in People’s Diet (1991年6月四级试题)
Study the following table carefully and your composition must be based on the information given
in the table. Write three paragraphs to :
1. state the changes in people’s diet (饮食) in the past five years;
2. give possible reasons for the changes;
3. draw your own conclusions.
You should quote as few figures as possible.
例2 题目：Car Accidents Declining in Walton City (1991年6月6级试题)
Remember that your composition must be written according to the following outline;
1. Rise and fall of the rate of car accidents as indicated by the graph;
2. Possible reason(s) for the decline of car accidents in the city;
3. Your predictions of what will happen this year.
Your composition should be no less than 120 words and you should quote as few figures as
possible.
例3 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Health Gain in
Developing Countries. Your composition must be no less than 120 words and you should
base your composition on the following instructions (given in Chinese):
1. 以下图为依据描述发展中国家的期望寿命（life expectancy）和婴儿死亡率（infant mortality）
的变化情况
2. 说明引起变化的各种原因
从以上例子可见，图表作文一般在题目中给出作文的标题和一 个或几个统计表格、圆形图、
曲线图或条形图，有时还用英文或中文提纲的形式给出提示，要求我们：1 ）用文字描
述图表，客观解释图表中所传递的信息，并找出某种规律或趋势；2）就图表中所反映
的某种趋势或问题分析其原因或后果。
第三节图表作文的写作要领
图表作文着重说明事实 ，常常是通过对图表中所反映的具体数据的说明、分析、比较，对某
种事物或现象的事实或变化情况等加 以说明，并提出结论或看法。因此，图表作文常常
采用议论文体的写作方法。
写好图表作文， 关键在于能否读懂图表中所提供的信息，把握各信息间的联系，用准确流畅
的语言把这一信息表达出来， 并就这一信息发表自己的看法。
图表作文的写作步骤
写图表作文时，要注意遵循以下步骤：
1）认真分析图表的含义，弄清图表中所含的信息及不同信息间的关系；
2）确定文章的主题思想，构思出文章的基本框架，筛选出能说明图表主题思想的典型数据；

3）编列文章的提纲；
4）根据文章的提纲，将各段的提纲内容扩展成段 落，然后将各个段落组成文章，注意段与
段之间的衔接与过渡；
5）检查与修改。
图表作文的篇章结构
写图表作文时，常采用三段式的谋篇方式。文章的第一段往往分析图 表中的数据变化反
映什么问题或趋势，概述图表所揭示的信息。第二段分析造成这一问题或趋势的原因。
第三段则展望未来的情况或提出解决问题的办法或建议。这一结构可以简单地表述为：
第一段：概述图表反映的主题思想
第二段：分析产生的原因
第三段：展望未来或提出方法或建议
图表作文常用的句型
（1）常用的开篇句型（即概述图表内容时常用的表达法）
① According to the tablepie chartline graphbar graph, we can seeconclude that …根据
该表图，我们可知……
② The tablegraph reveals (showsindicatesillustrates representspoints out) that …该
表图表明……
③ As we can see from the table …
As can be seen from the linebar graph …
As is shown (illustratedindicated) in the pie chart …
如表图所示，……
(2) 描述增减变化常用的句型
① Compared with … is still increased by …
② The number of … grewrose from … to …
③ An increase is shown in …; then came a sharp increase of …
④ In … the number remains the samedrops to …
⑤ There was a very slight (smallslowgradual) riseincrease in 1990.
⑥ There was a very steady (markedsharprapidsudden dramatic) drop
(decreasedeclinefallreduction) in 1998 compared with that of last year).
好，下面我们来看一篇根据例2的题目要求写的范文。
⑴From the graph, we can see that the number of car accidents in Walton city fluctuated
during the year of 1990. ⑵The first two months of 1990 showed an increasing trend. ⑶
The rate rose to 32 in March but fell to 26 in June. ⑷From June on, the rate was rising again
and reached the peak point 39 in August. ⑸After August the rate began to decline
remarkably, and eventually dropped to the lowest point 16 at the end of the year. ⑹
Therefore, it’s obvious that car accident in Walton city declined in 1990.⑴主题句概述表
格反映的内容⑵—(5 )反映交通事故的变化情况(6)小结：总结表格数据反映的总趋势
⑺There are several reasons for the decline. ⑻First, a new traffic law was made and came
into force. ⑼It provided that in summer every car must be air- conditioned. ⑽As a result,
the highest rate in August, when humidity and high temperature make drivers impatient and
easily lead to car accidents, dropped steadily. ⑾Second, new roads were built and some
narrow streets were widened, which quickened the flow of traffic. ⑿Finally, the city
administration made great efforts to heighten people’s awareness of observing traffic rules.
⑺主题句⑻原因措施一⑼解释措施一次要辅助⑽采 取措施一后的结果⑾原因措施二

⑿原因措施三
⒀With all these new measures, I’m sure the rate of car accidents in Walton city will go on
falling this year.⒀总结：展望未来的情况
小结：这一讲我主要讲了图表作文的类型、出题形式及其写作要领。
下面我们进行写作练习。 我将给大家一个作文题，请大家根据这一讲的内容，在30分
钟内完成。大家在写作的过程中要注意审题 ，考虑文章的结构、采用的扩展方法、开头
的结尾的方法以及文章中的过渡等。
练习四：
Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition of no less
than 120 words on Changes in People’s Diet. Study the following table carefully and your
composition must be based on the information given in the table. Write three paragraphs
to:








1. state the changes in people’s diet (饮食) in the past five years;
2. give possible reasons for the changes;
3. draw your own conclusions.
You should quote as few figures as possible.
⑴As is shown in the table, there have been great changes in people's diet between 1986
and 1990. ⑵From the table, we can find that grain, formerly the main food of most Chinese
people, is now playing a less important role in people's diet. ⑶And the same goes for fruit
and vegetables. ⑷On the other hand, the consumption of high-nutrition food such milk and
meat has increased rapidly.
⑸What has caused these changes? There are mainly three reasons (主题句). (6) First,
people are much wealthier than before. (7) With higher income, they can afford to buy
nutritious foods. (8) Second, people have realized the importance of a balanced diet to their
health. (9) Lack of certain amount of meat or milk, for example, will result in poor health.
(10) Finally, owing to the economic reform, meat and milk, which were scarce in the past,
are produced in large quantities.
(11) Although milk and meat are important to one's health, eating too much rich food may
result in obesity and may other diseases. (12)Therefore, people should not only eat a lot of
milk and meat, but also enough grain, fruit and vegetable for the sake of their health.