圭亚那-吉林省职考办

巧解几类易犯错的英语单选题
都是想当然惹的祸
1. When I entered, I found that she was reading _____ newspaper, with ____ in
her eyes.
A. a, tear B. a piece of, tears
D. a piece of, tear C. a, tears
【解析】此题容易误选D，想当然地根据news(消息)和 paper(纸)均为不可数名词，推< br>出newspaper(报纸)也是不可数名词；同时认为“眼泪”即“泪水”，“水”不可数，“泪水” 和“眼
泪”也应该不可数。但非常有趣的是，newspaper(报纸)和 tear(眼泪)却是两个可数名词，如可
说 a newspaper, two newspapers, a tear, two tears 等。注：若不是将 newspaper 当 作是供
阅读或传递信息的一种东西，而只是把它当成一种“纸”来看待，也可用作不可数名词，如：Wrap it in (a sheet of) newspaper. 把它用张报纸包起来。
2. Every minute should be made full use of _____ the lessons.
A. to study B. study C. studying D. studied
【解析】此题容易误选C，认为介词后接 动词时要用动名词。其实此题的正确答案是A，
注意此句谓语为被动语态，假若将此句转换成主动语态， 则是 We should make full use of
every minute to study the lessons, 用的是 make use of … to do sth(利用……做某事)这
一结构。另外，还有 make the most of (尽量利用)，make the best of(尽量利用)等短语也
可能用于此类试题。请再看另外一例：
The only way that she thought of _____ enough money was to sell her hair.
A. get B. to get C. got D. getting
答案应选B，而不是选D。句子主语是 the only way，that she thought of 是修饰主语
的定语从句，不定式 to get enough money 也是修饰主语的定语，也就是说，句子主语带
有两个定语修饰语。全句意为“她想到的弄到 足够钱的唯一办法就是把自己的头发卖掉”。
3. “Is he a man with good manners?” “No, he is _____ but polite.”
A. anything B. anyone C. anybody D. anywhere
【解析】此题容易误选B或C，因为句子主语指人，似乎只有B、C才与之一致。其 实，
正确答案应选A。因为 anything but 是习语，意为“根本不是”或“一点也不”，不仅可用于事
物，也可用于人。如：
That old bridge is anything but safe. 那座桥一点也不安全。
My income is anything but large. 我的收入绝对不算多。
The fight is anything but finished. 战斗绝没有结束。
Her father was anything but a poet. 她父亲根本不是诗人。
Such a man was anything but a hero. 那样的人绝不算英雄。
4. The children all looked _____ at the broken model plane and felt quite _____.
A. sad, sad B. sadly, sadly C. sad, sadly D. sadly, sad

【解析】此题容易误选A，想当然地认为 look 和 feel 均为连系动词，所以在其后接
形容词作表语。其实，句中的 look 并不是连系动词，而是实义动词(注意与之搭配的介词
at)，所以正确答案应是 D。请再看下面一道题：
We don’t care if a hunting dog smells _____, but we really don’t want him to smell
____.
A. well, well B. bad, bad C. well, badly D. badly, bad
这是1995年一道上海高考题，此题最佳答案为D。第一个 smell 为实义动词，意为“闻
气味”、“嗅觉”，smell badly 意为“嗅觉差”；第二个 smell 为连系动词，意为“闻起来(有某
种气味)”，smell bad 意为“闻起来气味难 闻”。全句意为“我们并不介意一条猎狗的嗅觉不好，
但我们的确不希望它的气味难闻”。
5. He likes living alone, and says that he wants to go and live in a place _____
nobody knows.
A. where B. that C. when D. what
【解析】有的同学一看到 place 是表示“地点”的名词，于是就毫不犹豫地选 了A，但是
错了，最佳答案应是B。表示“地点”的名词后到底是用 where 还是用 that 或 which 来引
导定语从句，原则上应注意以下两点：一是看关系词的句法功能。由于 where 是关系副词，
它在定语从句中用作状语，而that 和 which 是关系代词，它们 在定语从句中用作主语或宾
语。所以区别是用关系副词还是用关系代词的关键就是看定语从句是否缺主语 或宾语，若缺
主语或宾语则用关系代词，若不缺主语或宾语则用关系副词。二要看句意。一般说来，句子
是否缺宾语，主要是看定语从句中的动词是否为及物动词或带有介词等。但问题是，有些动
词既 可用作及物动词，又可用作不及物动词，它是否需要带宾语则要视句意而定。本题定语
从句中的动词 know 既可用作及物动词也可用作不及物动词，也就是说它可以带宾语也可
以不带宾语，但根据本句 的意思(“他喜欢一个人生活，并说他要去一个没有人知道的地方生
活。”)，know 应为及物动词，因为从语意上它要带 place 作其宾语，所以答案选B。
6. The operation was successful, but I still felt _____.
A. very painful
C. a lot of pain
B. much painful
D. very paining
此题很容易误选A，想当然地认为 painful 表示“感到疼痛的”，而其实 painful 的实际
意思却是“使人感到疼痛的”、“使人感到痛苦的”，所以它通常只能用来说明事物，不宜用来< br>说明人。如：
Does it still feel painful? 它还疼吗？
I didn’t feel any pain at all. 我一点也不感到痛。
My boots are still painful. 我的靴子仍夹得我的脚痛。
He will never forget the painful experience for the rest of his life. 这一段痛苦的经
历，他永生难忘。
上面一题的最佳答案为C，pain 为名词，又如：
Did you feel any pain? 你感觉痛吗？
Where is the pain? 哪儿痛？

要用形容词表示汉语的“感到痛苦的”，英语可用 pained。如：
We were all pained to hear of his death. 听到他的死讯，我们都很痛苦。
He looked rather pained at your remarks. 听了你的话他似乎很难受。
【请做下面的练习】
1. The boys and the girls each ____to do something different, which ____the teacher
uneasy.
A. want, make B. wants, makes C. want, makes D. wants, make
2. “He will come tomorrow.” “But I’d rather he _____ the day after tomorrow.”
A. will come B. is coming C. came D. had come
3. Take _____ care — it is ____ one-legged chair.
A. the, a B. a，an
C. the, an D. 不填，a
4. What have we said _____ her so unhappy?
A. makes B. to make
C. made D. had made
5. The boy said that the fish his mother cooked tasted ______.
A. good B. well
C. to be good D. to be well
6. Entering the room, the headmaster said, “Everyone _____ quiet, please.”
A. keep B. keeps
C. is keeping
【答案及解析】
1. 许多同学认为，each 表示“每个”，表单数意义，所以第一空填 wants，第二空前的
which 指前句所说的情况，表单数意义，所以第二空填 makes，从而确定答案为B。该分
析只对了一半，即第二空填 makes 的分析是对的，而第一空填 wants 的分析则不对。其实，
此题的最佳答案为C，即第一空应填动词原形 want，因为此句的主语是 the boys and the
girls，而 each 只是主语的同位语，按照英语语法， 谓语应与其相应的主语保持一致(即所谓
的主谓一致)，而不是与主语的同位语保持一致。
2. 此题容易误选A或B，因为上文的 He will come tomorrow 以及下文的时间状语
the day after tomorrow 似乎都表明空白处应填一个一般将来时态。但实际上此题的最佳答
案是 C，这与 would rather 的用法有关。按照英语习惯，would rather 后接that 从句时，
其谓语的时态规律是：用过去式表示现在或将来，用过去完成时表示过去。
3. 此题第一空不填冠词，因为 take care 是短语，意为“当心”，而后一空有的学生很容
易想当然选择 an，认为 one 是元音开头的单词。其实，此题的正确答案应是D，即后一空
应填a，因为 one-legged 虽以元音字母开头，但其并不以元音开头。
4. 此题容易误选C，想当然地认为空格前的一部分是 what 引导的主语从句，此处选
made 用作谓语。此题许多同学之所以选错，恐怕主要是因为粗心所致.同学们仔细看看：空
格前是 what have we said，而不是 what we have said(注意其中的词序)；句末是问号，而
D. to keep

不是句号。假若选C，使空格前成为主语从句，那么该从句就应该是 what we have said，
且句末应是句号。其实，此题应选B，to make her so unhappy 为结果状语。
5. 答案B、D比较容易排除，因为其中的 well 是副词。但到底是应选A还是C呢，
许多同学凭感觉认为 taste to be good 似乎很通顺，于是选了C。但是，错了，正确答案应
是A。原因是用作连系动词的 taste 后习惯上不接to be。(类似地，feel, smell, sound 等连
系动词后习惯上也不接不定式 to be)。
6. 此题容易误选B，因为主语 everyone通常被视为第三人称单数， 所以其后谓语用
keeps。但事实上，最佳答案应是A，注意句末的 please，它表明此直接引语为祈使句，只
不过该祈使句带上 everyone 这个主语。既然是祈使句，所以动词用原形，即选A。又如：
(1) Someone _____ the door; be quick, please.
A. open B. opens C. is opening D. to open
(2) Everyone _____ over, please.
A. come B. comes C. coming D. to come
(3) Rushing into the room, the policeman said, “Don’t move, everyone _____ where
you are.”
A. stay B. stays C. staying D. to stay
以上三题答案均选A，即选动词原形。均属带主语的祈使句。
都是逗号惹的祸
有许多试题，由于同学们对句子结构分析不对，尤其是对句中的逗号判断失误 ，从而导
致一些想当然的错误。本文例举几道典型试题，供同学们参考。
1. If a book is in English, _____ means slow progress for you.
A. as B. which C. what D. that
此题容易误选 A或B，想当然地根据空格前的逗号认为这是非限制性定语从句。这样
分析的同学，主要是忽略了前一句句首的 if。其实此题应选D，逗号前是一个条件状语从
句，逗号后是该状语从句的主句，that 在此代表前文所述的情况，用作主句的主语。同样地，
下面几题也应选 that，而不选 which：
(1) If he’s only interested in your looks, _____ just shows how shallow he is.
A. as B. which C. what D. that
(2) If you want to go, _______is quite all right with me.
A. that B. which C. and it D. so
(3) When I say two hours, _____ includes time for eating.
A. as B. which C. what D. that
(4) If you want a double room , _____ will cost another ￡15.
A. as B. which C. what D. that
(5) If you have the money, _____ will be OK.
A. as B. which C. and it D. that
下例也选 that 而不选 which，其中 that 表示“那”：
Unless I’m very much mistaken, ______ is my watch you’re wearing!

A. as B. which C. what D. that

2. Not far from the school there was a garden, _____ owner seated in it playing
chess with his little grandson every afternoon.
A. its B. whose C. which D. that
此题很容易误选B，许多同学想当然地认为句中逗号后是一个非限制性的定语从句，whose
在定语从句中用作定语修饰其后的名词 owner。此分析从表面上看，似乎天衣无缝，但实质
上是错的， 原因是空格后根本不是一个句子， 因为它没有谓语。 尽管句中有两个动词
（seated 和 playing），但它们都是非谓语动词。也许有的同学会问，其中的 seated 不可用
作谓语动词吗？不能。因为seat 用作动词时，它总是及物的，其后要么接宾语，要么它就
用于被动语态，所以若在 seated 前加上助动词 is，则可以选择B（当然若将 seated 改为
sitting，也应选择B）。所以此题最佳答案选A。请再看一个类似的例子：
(1) He wrote a lot of novels, many of _____ translated into foreign languages.
A. it B. them C. which D. that
(2) He wrote a lot of novels, many of _____ were translated into foreign languages.
A. it B. them C. which D. that
第(1)题应选B，而不能选C，是因为句中的 translated 是过去分词(非谓语动词)，若选
C，则该从句无谓语；第(2)题应选C，因为句中有谓语 were translated。再请看下面一例：
(3) He wrote a lot of novels, and many of____were translated into foreign languages.
A. it B. them C. which D. that
此题与上面的第(2)题不同，两句间多了一个并列连词and ，说明这是一个并列句，故应
选B，则不能选C。
请做做以下三题(答案均为B)：
(1) There I met several people, two of _____ being foreigners.
A. which B. them C. whom D. that
(2) There I met several people, two of _____ were foreigners.
A. which B. whom C. who D. that
(3) There I met several people, and two of _____ were foreigners.
A. which B. them C. whom D. that
3. __is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.
A. It B. As C. That D. What
此题很容易误选 A，认为此处应填一个形式主语，况且 It is (well) known to … 也是
一个常用句型，读起来也很上口，但是选A错了。同学们仔细想想看，假若选 A，空格处
填一个形式主语(it)，那么其后就应有一个真正的主语，但事实上没有。但是若句中的逗号
改成 that，则只能选 A，因为这样一来，that 便成为一个引导主语从句的引导词。此题的
最佳答案是 B，as 引导的是一个非限制性定语从句，可 置于主句前(常译为“正如”)或主句
后(常译为“这一点”)，句意为“正如大家所知，月球每月绕地 球转一周”。

4. He is always really rude, ______ is why people tend to avoid him.
A. that B. it C. this D. which
此题容易误选 A，因为 that’s why … 是一个常用表达，同学们极易受此影响而选错，
当然若此句的空格前有连词 and 或其前的逗号改为 分号，则完全可选that（分别构成并列
句和两个独立的简单句）。此题的最佳答案是 D，句子后半部分为一个非限制性定语从句，
which 指 He is always really rude. 另外请比较以下两题（注意连词的有无）：
(1) He had a lot of friends, none of ______ could lend him any money.
A. whom B. them C. which D. who
(2) He had a lot of friends, but none of ______ could lend him any money.
A. whom B. them C. which D. who
第(1)题选A，none of whom could … 为非限制性定语从句；第(2)题选B，由于句中
有并列连词 but，整个句子为并列句。
5. He wrote a lot of novels, none of ______ translated into a foreign language.
A. them B. which C. it D. what
同学们看了上面一题的分析后，也许会毫不犹豫地认为此题应选 B，理由是none前没
有并列连词 and 或 but，其实这次又错了。此题的最佳选项应是A，注意此句与上面一句
有着本质的不同，即此句的 translated 不是谓语，而是一个非谓语动词（过去分词），所以
逗号后面其实不是一个完整 的句子，而是一个独立结构。假若在 translated 前加一个助动词
was，则此题应选 B(which)，构成一个非限制性定语从句。所以做这类题要特别小心，千
万不要想当然，更不要受 定势思维的影响。又如：
(1) I met several people there, two of ______ were foreigners.
A. whom B. them C. who D. which
(2) I met several people there, two of ______ being foreigners.
A. whom B. them C. who D. which
第(1)题选A，two of whom were foreigners 为非限制性定语从句；第(2)题选B，two
of them being foreigners 不是一个完整的句子，因为句子没有谓语，而只有非谓语动词
being。
6. It was his word and action, but not his appearance, _________ moved us deeply.
A. that B. which C. who D. as
【分析】许多同学会受空格前面逗号的影响，认为此句是非限制性定语从句，对前面的his
word and action 或his appearance进行说明，从而将答案误选为B、 C或D。而事实上，此
题的正确答案为A，整个句子是It was… that… 强调句型，强调his word and action, but
not his appearance 部分。
判断这类句子的最佳办法是将句子中的It was 及空格同时去掉 ，看其留下的部分是否
还成为一个句子。若是一个完整的句子，则是强调句型；若不能成为完整的句子， 则可能是
定语从句或主语从句。
7. _________ is reported, the project was completed yesterday.

A. It B. As C. This D. What
【分析】许多同学会忽略了句子中间的逗号而认 为此题是主语从句，于是将答案误选为
A。把It当作句子的形式主语，况且It is reported 也是一个常用句型，读起来也很有英语
语感。而事实上，答案选错了，因为在主语从 句中的连接词that不能省略。正确答案应该选
B，构成一个非限制性定语从句。
8. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _______ it more difficult.
A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make
【分 析】许多同学会一看到句子中的逗号就会想到此题是考查非谓语动词表结果的用法：现
在分词表结果时， 跟句子间可用逗号隔开；而不定式表结果时，与句子间常不用逗号。于是
将答案误选为 C。 其实， 在此句中， 逗号相当于连词and 或 but, not to make it more
difficult是与逗号前面不定式 to make it easier相并列，对之进行补充 或说明，因此答案应
该选B。全句的意思是：新技术的目的是为了使生活变得更容易，并不是使生活变得 更困难。
两个不定式在句子中作表语说明主语的内容。有如此用法的词还有 idea, suggestion, hope,
goal, aim, dream 等，如：
(1) My idea is to visit the museum, _________ to the park.
A. not go B. not going C. not to go D. do not go
(2) My dream is not to live on the earth but __________________ on the moon.
A. live B. living C. to live D. being living < br>同学们不难看出，以上两题的答案都是C。但值得一提的是：不定式并列作表语时，若
否定的不定 式在前而肯定的不定式在后，一般须用but连接，而不用逗号。
9. If a book is in English, _________ means slow progress for you.
A. as B. which C. what D. that
【分析】许多同学会忽略 句首的if，根据空格前面的逗号判断填空句为一个非限制性定
语从句，于是将答案误选为B或A；其实 ，此题得正确答案应该选D。逗号前是一个条件
句，逗号后面应该要有该状语从句的主句，that在此 代表前面的内容，作句子的主语
现在请看下列几道题：
(1) If he is only interested in your books, _________ just shows how shallow he is.
A. as B. which C. what D. that
(2) If you want to go, _________ is quite all right with me.
A. that B. which C. and it D. so
(3) When I say two hours, __________________ includes time for eating.
A. as B. which C. what D. that
(4) If you want a double room, _________ will cost another $$ 15.
A. as B. which C. what D. that

(5) If you have the money, _________ will be OK.
A. that B. which C. and it D. so
(6) Unless I’m very much mistaken, _________ is my watch you are wearing.
A. as B. which C. what D. that
它们的答案也应该选 that，而不应该选 which。
10. There were a lot of people in the reading- room, most of ______ with their heads
bent down over their books.
A. them B. whom C. that D. which
【分析】许多同学会根据句子中的逗号，想当然地认为这是考查非限制性定语从句， 从
而将答案误选为 B。但事实上，逗号后面由于没有谓语动词，根本不是完整的句子，而是
一个“代词 + 动词的过去分词”的独立主格结构，因此，正确答案应该选 A。
11. Not far from the school there was a garden, ___________ owner seated in it pla
ying chess with his grandson every afternoon.
A. its B. whose C. which D. that
【分析】此题与上一题相似，许多同学会根据句子中的逗号，想当然地认为这是考查非
限制性定语从句，whose 在定语从句中用作定语修饰其后面的名词owner，从而将答案误选
为 B。从表面上看，似乎天衣无 缝，但事实上，逗号后面由于没有谓语动词，根本不是完
整的句子。尽管句子中优两个动词(seate d和playing)，然而它们并不是谓语动词，而都是非
谓语动词，在句子中作定语，修饰说明名词 owner。因此，逗号后面是一个“代词 + 动词
的过去分词”的独立主格结构，正确答案应该选 A。现在请看下面两个类似的句子：
(1) He wrote a lot of novels, many of ____________translated into foreign languages.
A. it B. them C. which D. that
(2) He wrote a lot of novels, many of ______________ were translated into foreign
languages.
A. it B. them C. which D. that
(3) He wrote a lot of novels, and many of ___________ were translated into foreign
languages.
A. it B. them C. which D. that
第 (1) 题的答案应该选 B，而不能选 C。因为，句子中translated是非谓语动词， 不能
充当句子的谓语，从而可确定逗号后面部分不是句子，故答案不能选C；第 (2) 题答案应
该C，因为逗号后面部分由于有were translated作谓语，从而使后面部分构成定语从句来说
明novels的情况；第 (3) 题的答案应该选 B，因为逗号后面虽然有 were translated，但是
还有连词 and ，从而使前后两个句子成为并列句，而不是主从复合句，故答案应该选C。从
上面可以看出：在给句子选 择答案时，不仅要注意标符号，同时，也还要注意句子的结构。

12. It is his dog, according to Li Lei, _________ saved him from the trap.
A. who B. which C. that D. what
【分析】许多同学会认为这是考查定语从句，先行词是 his dog 或 Li Lei，于是将答
案误选为A、B，其实，这是一个强调句型，是对主语his dog 进行强调，因此，正确答案
应该选 C。
13. The children are having a good time, _________ with sand, others with toys.
A. some of them playing
C. some of whom are playing
B. who playing
D. some of them
【分析】许多同学会受第1个逗号的影 响，以为是非限制性定语从句，将答案误选为C。
其实空格部分应与others with toys 并行，同为独立主格结构。句意为：孩子们玩得很痛快，
有的玩沙子，有的玩玩具。故答案选 A
典型引号惹的祸
1. It is “I” that _________ left out in the sentence.
A. be B. is C. am D. are
【分析】许多同学会认为句子的答案选C，因为强调句子的主语时，that 后面的谓语由
that 前面所强调的部分决定。句子的主语是：“I”，马上会误选答案为C。然而， 他们没有
注意到引号及句子内容。这里的 “I” 虽然是“我”的意思，但是由于引号，它的意思已经
发生变化，这里表示 “I” 这个单词，而不是“我”。
2. He said yesterday, “I _________ go there with you.”
A. didn’t B. don’t C. won’t D. wouldn’t
【分析】许多同学会忽略引号，从而误认为 句子的答案选A，因为，当主句是过去式时，
从句须用相应的过去时。而事实上，句子后面部分是直接引 语，它的时态不受前面部分的限
制，而应该由本身决定。根据引号中句子的意思，应该是说明一种将要进 行的行为，故答案
选C。
3. “Summer Nights” which we read yesterday afternoon _________ really interesting.
A. were B. was C. is D. are