小学英语语法----句子的种类
易如反掌-宣誓誓词
句子的种类
一、按使用目的可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。
类别
陈述句
陈述句
肯
定
否
定
例句
This is a bag. I like spring.
I can’t see a bag over there. I don't
know.
用法
描述一件事情或者说明
说话人的看法
描述一件事情或者说明
说话人的看法
Are you a student?
Does she get up early?
一
Do you like
swimming?
般
Can you speak English?
whe
n什么时间；who谁；whose谁的；where在哪里；which
特
疑问句
哪一个；why为什么；what什么；what time什么时间；what
colour什么颜色；what about……怎么样；what
day星期
用于提出问题
殊 几；what date什么日期；what
for为何目的；how怎样；
how old多大岁数；how many数量多少；how
much多少钱；
how about……怎么样；how far多远
选
择
Is your friend a boy or a girl?
反
It’s
a fine day, isn’t it?
意
肯
Put it here.
定
否
Don’t look at the noticeboard.
定
How smart the scarf is! What a smart
scarf!
How hard he studies!
祁使句 表示命令、建议或请求
感叹句
表示惊讶、喜悦、赞美、
厌恶或愤怒等强烈感情
注意：
疑问句的回答
(1) 一般疑问句
用来询问一件事或情况是否属实。用yes 或
no 来回答。
(2) 特殊疑问句
特殊疑问句由特殊疑问词加一般疑问句构成，不
能用yes来no回答。一般用完整的回答或是直接回
答疑问词的提问。Where are you
from? I am from Beijing. 或 Beijing.
(3)
选择疑问句
提供两种或两种以上的选项供对方选择，前面的选项之间用逗号分隔开来，后两项之间用o
r连接，
回答时选择一种。
Would you like a pear, an
apple or a banana ? I’d like a banana。
(4)
反意疑问句
由陈述句加一个简短问句构成，简短问句对陈述句提出相反的疑问。如果陈述句部分是
肯定，后面
问句就用否定形式；陈述句部分是否定，简短问句则用肯定形式。
He
likes music, doesn’t he?
Yes,he does.
是的，他喜欢。 No,he doesn’t. 不，他不喜欢。
He doesn’t like
music, does he ?
Yes,he does. 不，他喜欢。 No,he
doesn’t. 是的，他喜欢。
即回答应该按实际情况来回答，实际情况是肯定的，就用yes。否定的就用no.
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小学英语一般疑问句，否定句以及对划线部分提问的解题指导
改为一般疑问句：
先找am, is, are, was, were或can,
would，放在最前面，
如没有则判断是否为
过去式，
是则动词改为原形，句前加Did，其余照抄；
不是则判断是否为第三人称单数，是则动词改为原形，句前加Does,其余照抄
以上都不是，则句前加Do，其余照抄。
改为否定句：
方法和上面一样，
先找am, is, are, was, were或can,
would，再后加not，其余照抄
如没有则判断是否为
过去式，
是则动词改为原形，人后加didn’t，其余照抄；
不是则判断是否为第三人称单数，是则动词改为原形，人后加doesn’t,其余照抄
以上都不是，则人后加don’t，其余照抄
对划线部分提问：
①
用适当的疑问词代替划线部分，②将剩余部分改为一般疑问句
（注：如划线部分为主语，则用who代
替，其余照抄；如划线部分为动词或动词短语，则用do代替，
句前加what，再改为一般疑问句）例
如：
He is running now.----- He isn’t running
now. ---Is he running now?
---Yes, he is. No, he isn’t.
They are making
a puppet.---- They aren’t making a puppet. ---Are
they making a puppet?
---Yes, they are. No, they aren’t.
I often
watch TV in the evening.------ I don’t often watch
TV in the evening.----
Do you often watch TV
in the evening?-----Yes, I do. No, I don’t.
He plays football after school. ---- He
doesn’t play football after school.
Does he
play football after school?----Yes, he does. No,he
doesn’t.
We began class at 8 o’clock
yesterday.------ We didn’t begin class at 8
o’clock yesterday.
Did you begin class at 8
o’clock yesterday? ---Yes,we do. No, we
don’t.
练一练：
1、填入适当的疑问词。
1)
_____wallet is it? It’s mine. 2) ____is the
Christmas Day? It’s on the 25th of December.
3)________is the diary? It’s under the chair.
4) ______is the boy in blue? He’s Mike.
5)________are the earphones? They are 25 yuan.
6)________is it today? It’s Sunday.
7)_____is this red one? It’s beautiful.
8)___is it from here? It’s about 2 kilometres
away.
9)______is your cousin? He’s 15years
old. 10)________do you have dinner? At 6
o’clock.
11) ___________one is fatter, the
blue one or the red one? The blue one.
2、对划线部分提问。
1) I can see eight rubbers in
the box. _________can _____see in the box?
2) My father is fine today.
_______ your father today?
3) Liu Tao is
playing football in the playground. _______Liu
Tao_____ in the playground?
4) My birthday is
on the 9th of September. _____________ your
birthday?
5) I’d like a nice cake for
breakfast. ______________ like for
breakfast?
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6) That’s
Nancy’s skirt. ___________ is
that?
3、按要求改写句子。
1) It’s a book.（改为一般疑问句）
_____________________________________
2) My
father is in the office.（对划线部分提问）
________________________________
3) Do you
watch TV every Sunday?（做肯定回答）
______________
4) This picture is
beautiful.（改为以what引导的感叹句） What
____________picture!
5) Open the door for
him.（改为否定句）
_____________________________
6) I have a big
present.（对划线部分提问）
_______________________________?
7) There are
some orange trees.（改为单数句子）
__________________________________.
8) we are
going to see a Beijing opera.（对划线部分提问）
_______________________ ?
9) He has some
questions.（改为一般疑问句）
____________________________?
10) They visited
their relatives and friends last Spring
Festival.（改为一般疑问句）
_______they ______their
relatives and friends last Spring Festival?
二、基本句型：
1.主 + 谓语动词（S+V）如： I work. You
study. They swim.
2.主语 + 系动词 + 表语 （s
+linkv +p）
We are in the classroom.
They look like twins.
The food tastes
delicious. Leaves turn green.
3.主语
+ 谓动 + 宾语（S+V+O） She studies English. They
play football.
4. 主语 + 谓动 + 宾语 + 补语（S+V+O+C）
We should keep our class clean.
5. 主语 + 谓动 +
间接宾语(人) +直接宾语（物）（S+V+IO+DO）
My mother made me
a new dress. The teacher gave us some books.
三、按结构分为简单句、并列句和复合句。
1.简单句：只包括一个主语和谓语的句子。例如：He likes swimming.
We are students.
2．并列句：包含两个或两个以上主语和谓语结构的句子，句与句之间用并列连词或分号来连接。如：
The food was good, but he had little
appetite.
(you must)Hurry up, or you will be
late for school.
3.复合句：包含一个主句和一个或几个从句的句子，从句有从属连词（when, while,
before, after,
as soon as , if, because, so,
though, etc.）引导.如：
The film had begun When we
got to the cinema.
He didn’t go to school
because he was ill yesterday.
练一练：连词成句
4. is，the，what，weather，today，like
____________________________________________
5. you，me，please，could，help
____________________________________________
6. are，what，they，colour
____________________________________________
7. many，minutes，hour，there，how，are，in，an
____________________________________________
8. him，give，please，water，a，of，bottle
____________________________________________
9. to，I，put，the，ball，in，the，box，want
____________________________________________
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therehere be结构
1、there
be结构表示“某时、某地存在着什么事物或人”，包括there is、there are、there
was there were。如：
There is a school near my
home.
There are many books in my school-
bag.
There was a river here.
here
be结构与它类似，用法也完全相同，只不过是表示“这里存在着什么事物或人”。
2、与have、has、had的区别：
（1）There be
句型表示：在某地有某物（或人）There be +名词+某地 ；
而have、has、had表示：某人拥有某物 某人+havehashad +某物。I
have five books.
（2）在there be 句型中，主语是单数，be
动词用is；主语是复数，be 动词用are；如有几件物品，be 动
词根据最近be
动词的那个名词决定——“就近原则”。 There is a desk and many
chairs. There are
some children, a
policeman and an old man.
（3）there be
句型的否定句在be 动词后加not , 一般疑问句把be 动词调到句首。
如：There
isn’t a shop near my home. Are there some
flowers in your bedroom.
（4）针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是： How many + 名词复数 + are
there + 介词短语？ How
much + 不可数名词 + is there +
介词短语？
（5）针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是： What’s +there+
介词短语？
（6）There
be结构一般用在句子的开头，而have等词只能用于某一个主语后面。
练一练：
1、用恰当的be动词填空。
1) There four
seasons in a year. 2) There not
any trees two years ago.
3) --- there
a post office near your school? ---Yes, there
.
4) ---How many stops there? ---There
only one.
5) There not any stamps on
the envelope. 6) there any birds in
the tree?
2、选用“have, has, had, there is, there
are, there was, there were”填空。
1) I a
good father and a good mother. 2)
a telescope on the desk.
3) He a
tape-recorder. 4) a
basketball in the playground.
5) They
a nice garden. 6) My father
a story-book last year.
7) a
reading-room in the building? 8) What
does Mike ?
9) any books
in the bookcase? 10) How many students
in the classroom?
11) a story-
book on the table a moment ago. 12) What do
you ?
some，any的用法
some用于肯定句；any用于否定句和一般疑问句。请注意看例句后扩号说明的用法。
例：There is some water in the glass. （肯定句）
There are some flowers in the garden. （肯定句）
There aren’t any lamps in the study.（否定句） Are
there any maps on the wall?（一般疑问句）
Would you
like some orange juice? （希望得到肯定回答）
Do you want
to take any photos at the party? （一般疑问句）
练一练：选用some或any填空。
1) There isn’t
milk in the fridge. 2) I can see cars,
but I can’t see buses.
3) He has
friends in England. 4) Were there
fruit trees on the farm?
5) ---Would you like
cakes? ---No, I’d not like cakes, but I’d
like coffee.
6) Does Tom want to take
photos? 7) Is there rice in the
kitchen?
8) There are new buildings in
our school. 9) Here are presents for
you.
10) ---Are there pictures on the
wall? ---No, there aren’t pictures.
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