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英语四级图表作文的类型及参考范文
图表作文也是四(六)级考试中常见，而且被认为 是一种较难的作文形式。图表作文就是把
非文字信息(通常为各种图表表示的数字信息等)转换成文字信 息的一种作文。它要求我们
用文字来描述非文字性的图表或对图表显示的关系作解释说明。下面我们先来 看一看图表
作文的类型。
第一节 图表作文的类型
图表作文可分为两大类：表作文和图作文。
表作文
表格(Table)可以使大量 数据系统化，便于阅读、比较。表格常由标题(Title)、表头
(Boxhead)(表格的第一行 )、侧目(Stub)(表格左边的第一列)和主体(Body)部分(表格的其
余部分)等部分组成。 如下表：
用表格表达的信息具体准确，而且表格中的各项均按一定规律排列。阅读表格时要注意找出表格中各个项目的相互关系，表格中各个项目的变化规律。例如，上面的表格中的
数字说明， 和1978年相比，1983年大学入学的人数在增加，而小学的入学人数在减少。
搞清楚这些变化规律 也就读懂了表格的内容。
图作文
图作文又可分为三种：圆形图作文、曲线图作文和条状图作文。
(1) 圆形图作文
圆形图(Pie chart)也称为饼状图或圆面分割图。圆形图因为比较形象和直观，各部
分空间大 小差别容易分辨，所以常用来表示总量和各分量之间的百分比关系。整个圆表示
总量，楔形块表示分量。 有时圆形图还有数值表，两者结合可把各分量表示得更准确、清
楚。例如：
This is a pie chart of the average weekly expenditure of a family in Great
Britain. As can be see from the chart, the main expenditure of an average British
family is spent on food, which accounts for 25% of its total expenditure. The next
two significant expending items are transport and housing, which are 15% and 12%
respectively. If we take into account clothing and footwear, which makes up 10%,

the four essentials of life, that is, food, transport, housing, and clothing and
footwear, amount to 62% of the total expenditure.
(2) 曲线图作文
曲线图(Line graph)也称为线性图或坐标图。曲线图最适合表示两个变量之间关系的
发展过 程和趋势。一般来说，曲线所呈现的形状比某一点所代表的变量的值更有意义。曲
线图有横轴和纵轴。一 般先看横轴所代表的数量或时间等，然后再看纵轴所显示的意义。
同时必须找出线条所反映的最高或最低 的变化。例如：
这个曲线图的横轴代表1990年的不同的月份，纵轴代表交通事故的数量。从交 通事
故曲线图上可知，前八个月的交通事故的数量有升有降。曲线图在八月份升到了最高点
(3 9)，此后一直呈下降的趋势，十二月份降到了最低点(16)。可见，1990年的交通事故的
数量总 体上呈下降的趋势。
(3) 条形图作文
条形图(Bar graph)也称为立 柱图或圆柱图。条形图由宽度相同但长度不同的条块代
表不同的量。当要比较几个项目或量时，常用不同 颜色来区分。条形图主要用来表示：1)
同一项目在不同时间的量;2)同一时间不同项目的量。阅读条 形图时，要先看图例，再看
横轴、纵横各代表什么量，每一个刻度所代表的值是多少，最后找出图中各长 条所表示的
数据及各长条间的相互关系。例如：
左边的条形图的横轴代表时间，纵轴代表期望寿命(Life Expectancy)，这一条形图
想 要体现的是同一项目(期望寿命)在不同时间的量。右边的条形图的横轴也是代表时间，
纵轴是代表婴儿 的死亡率(Infant Mortality)，这一条形图想要体现的也是同一项目(婴
儿的死亡率 )在不同时间的量。左边的条形图表明1990年的人均期望寿命比1960年的人
均期望寿命长20岁 ，而1990年的婴儿死亡率比1960年的婴儿死亡率下降了50%。
第二节 图表作文的出题形式
我们先来看几个四(六)级考试中的图表作文的例子。
例1 题目：Changes in People’s Diet (1991年6月四级试题)
Study the following table carefully and your composition must be based on the
information given in the table. Write three paragraphs to :
Food Year
Grain
1986
49%
1987
47%
1988
%
1989
45%
1990
45%

Milk
Meat
Fruit and
vegetables
Total
From: 1.
10%
17%
24%
100%
11%
20%
22%
11%
%
20%
12%
23%
20%
100%
13%
21%
21%
100% 100% 100%
the changes in people’s diet (饮食) in the past five years;
2. give possible reasons for the changes;
3. draw your own conclusions.
4. You should quote as few figures as possible.
范文：
From the chart we can see that during the past five years there have been
great changes in people’s diet. The greatest change occurs in grain consumption,
which has dropped 4% from 49% in 1986 to 45% in 1990 in total food consumption.
The second greatest change is in milk consumption, which increased from 10% in
1986 to 13% in 1990. But on the other hand, two trends can be observed in the
consumption of meat and fruit and vegetables. From 1986 to 1989, meat consumption
increased from 17% to 23% while that of fruit and vegetables dropped from 24% to
20%. From 1989 to 1990, meat consumption dropped a little to 21%, while that of
fruit and vegetables increased a little to 21%.?
What has caused the great changes in people’s diet? The main reason, I
think, lies in the improvement in people’s income level. With the development
of our society, people are becoming richer and richer, which enables them to
purchase more nutritious food such as meat and milk. In the meantime, grain
consumption in people’s diet consequently dropped.
So from the analysis, we can draw a conclusion that our society is
progressing and people are living a better life than ever before. We are now able
to purchase more delicious and nutritious food, resulting in an improvement in
our health.
例2 题目：Car Accidents Declining in Walton City (1991年6月6级试题)

Remember that your composition must be written according to the following
outline;
1. Rise and fall of the rate of car accidents as indicated by the graph;
2. Possible reason(s) for the decline of car accidents in the city;
3. Your predictions of what will happen this year.
Your composition should be no less than 120 words and you should quote as few
figures as possible.
例3 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the
topic Health Gain in Developing Countries. Your composition must be no less than
120 words and you should base your composition on the following instructions (given
in Chinese):
1. 以下图为依据描述发展中国家的期望寿命(life expectancy)和婴儿死亡率
(infant mortality)的变化情况
2. 说明引起变化的各种原因
从以上例子可见，图表作文一般在题目中给出作文的标题和一个或 几个统计表格、圆
形图、曲线图或条形图，有时还用英文或中文提纲的形式给出提示，要求我们：
1)用文字描述图表，客观解释图表中所传递的信息，并找出某种规律或趋势;
2)就图表中所反映的某种趋势或问题分析其原因或后果。
第三节 图表作文的写作要领
图表作文着重说明事实，常常是通过对图表中所反映的具体数据的说明、分析、比较，
对某种事物或现象 的事实或变化情况等加以说明，并提出结论或看法。因此，图表作文常
常采用议论文体的写作方法。
写好图表作文，关键在于能否读懂图表中所提供的信息，把握各信息间的联系，用准
确流畅 的语言把这一信息表达出来，并就这一信息发表自己的看法。
图表作文的写作步骤
写图表作文时，要注意遵循以下步骤：

1)认真分析图表的含义，弄清图表中所含的信息及不同信息间的关系;
2)确定文章的主题思想，构思出文章的基本框架，筛选出能说明图表主题思想的典型
数据;
3)编列文章的提纲;
4)根据文章的提纲，将各段的提纲内容扩展成段落，然后将各个段落组成 文章，注意
段与段之间的衔接与过渡;
5)检查与修改。
图表作文的篇章结构
写图表作文时，常采用三段式的谋篇方式。文章的第一段往往分析图表中的数 据变化
反映什么问题或趋势，概述图表所揭示的信息。第二段分析造成这一问题或趋势的原因。
第三段则展望未来的情况或提出解决问题的办法或建议。这一结构可以简单地表述为：
第一段：概述图表反映的主题思想
第二段：分析产生的原因
第三段：展望未来或提出方法或建议
图表作文常用的句型
(1)常用的开篇句型(即概述图表内容时常用的表达法)
① According to the tablepie chartline graphbar graph, we can seeconclude
that … 根据该表图，我们可知 ……
② The tablegraph reveals (showsindicatesillustrates representspoints
out) that … 该表图表明……
③ As we can see from the table …
As can be seen from the linebar graph …
As is shown (illustratedindicated) in the pie chart …
如表图所示，……

(2) 描述增减变化常用的句型
① Compared with … is still increased by …
② The number of … grewrose from … to …
③ An increase is shown in …; then came a sharp increase of …
④ In … the number remains the samedrops to …
⑤ There was a very slight (smallslowgradual) riseincrease in 1990.
⑥ There was a very steady (markedsharprapidsudden dramatic) drop
(decreasedeclinefallreduction) in 1998 compared with that of last year).
下面我们来看一篇根据例2的题目要求写的范文。
⑴From the graph, we can see that the number of car accidents in Walton city
fluctuated during the year of 1990. ⑵The first two months of 1990 showed an
increasing trend. ⑶The rate rose to 32 in March but fell to 26 in June. ⑷From
June on, the rate was rising again and reached the peak point 39 in August. ⑸
After August the rate began to decline remarkably, and eventually dropped to the
lowest point 16 at the end of the year. ⑹Therefore, it’s obvious that car accident
in Walton city declined in 1990.⑴主题句概述表格反映的内容；⑵—(5)反映 交通事
故的变化情况；(6)小结：总结表格数据反映的总趋势
⑺There are several reasons for the decline. ⑻First, a new traffic law was
made and came into force. ⑼It requested that in summer every car should be
air-conditioned. ⑽As a result, the highest rate in August, when humidity and high
temperature make drivers impatient and easily lead to car accidents, dropped
steadily. ⑾Second, new roads were built and some narrow streets were widened,
which quickened the flow of traffic. ⑿Finally, the city administration made great
efforts to heighten people’s awareness of observing traffic rules.⑺主题句；
⑻原因措施一；⑼解释措施一次 要辅助；⑽采取措施一后的结果；⑾原因措施二；⑿
原因措施三。
⒀With all these new measures, I’m sure the rate of car accidents in Walton
city will go on falling this year.⒀总结：展望未来的情况
第四节、 图表作文及其参考范文

Directions:?
Study the following drawing carefully and write an essay in which you should：
1) describe the drawing,
2) interpret its meaning, and
3) point out its implications in our life.
You should write about 120—150 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)
范文1：
Drawings can be useful tools; a simple picture may reveal a profound truth.
The illustration above, for example, is far from complicated, and yet carries deep
implications: from the top of a mountain one can see clear and far.?
Such an image draws attention to the fact that people tend to be distracted
by immediate benefits, or deterred by present difficulties. If one was to stand
higher and take a broader view, one could make wise, long-term decisions, as well
as have a clearer sense of how to solve any given problem.?
The importance of keeping things in perspective is of practical significance
to university students especially. When students face difficult decisions such
as choosing between majors or careers, or deciding whether to continue with
postgraduate education, they should consider their future life in broad terms.
If you allow yourself to become preoccupied by immediate interests or discouraged
by current obstacles, you might not make the wisest decisions.?
Nevertheless, it is important to realize that viewing our lives from a far
is not equal to aiming for an unattainable goal. Inexperienced youth must be careful
to realistically create and pursue their ambitions. It is best to look beyond
temporary needs and problems and keep one's present and future life in perspective.
范文2：
As can be seen in the drawing, a man is standing on top of the highest of many
mountains while looking at something far away.?
If you want to be considered as the man who can see further than anyone else,
you must stand on giant's shoulders. Needless to say, if you were to stand at the
foot of a mountain, mountains would be all around you, surrounding you, blinding
you. You can only see a small piece of the sky when looking up, just like a frog
at the bottom of a well. If the frog wants to see the outside world, it must jump
out of the well to broaden its range of vision.?

In science, researchers should not confine themselves to available materials
that can be easily found. On the contrary, it is very important for them to go
outside the norm and use as many materials as possible. A large number of scientific
materials that have been defined by previous scientists can be regarded as the
basis of present research. If we want to make more progress in our present study,
we must base our research on previous theories and results.?The more materials
you possess in your base, the greater the potential. That is, the higher on the
mountain you are, the farther you can see.
第五节、 图表类写作模版
(1)模版1

According?to?the?chart??graph??diagram?table,? we?clearly?learn?that?______
___.?As?early?as__ _______,___________.?Then,,__________.?In?contrast ,?by_____
____,__________.

Th ere?are?many?reasons?accounting?for_________.?Firs tly, ,,_________.?As?a?re
sult,_________.

As?far?as?I?am?concerned,_________.?For?one?th ing,__________.?For?an
other,?brief,?I?hold?that__________.
(2)模版2

What?is?shown?in?the?chart??graph ??diagram??table?above?indicates?that?in?
recen t?years,
more?and?more?people?pay?attention?to ?_________.?The?number?of?those?who?____
_____? has increased? ________,?and?furthermore,____________.

There?are?two?factors?responsible?for?the?chan ges.?In?the?first?place,_______
__. Moreover,__ ________.?Yet,?it?is?noticeable?that?__________.

From?the?analysis,?we?can?safely?draw?th e?conclusion?that__________.?It?is?po
ssible?th at in?the?future,?the?tendency?will__________.
(3)模版3
As?is?shown?in?the?chart??graph??d iagram??table?above,

__________?has?changed
drastically? in?the?past?_________.?While?_______,now?the?perce ntage?of_______
___?is__________.?Meanwhile,?th e?number?of?_________?has?soared?up?to?_______
_.
There?are?mainly?two?possible?reasons?cont ributing?to?the?rapid?chan
ges.?The?first?is?th at_____.?Secondly,__________.
In?my?view,?the? changes?have?a?great?influence?on?_________.?At?th e?
same time,_______.?To?sum?up?,_________.
第六节、 图表作文常用词（组）
增加：increase raise rise go up soar up……
减少：decrease grow down drop fall ……
波动：fluctuate rebound undulate wave ……
稳定：remain stable stabilize level off …… ；keep steady constant
最常用的两种表达法：
动词+副词形式（Verb+Adverb form）
Eg: increase （drop…）slowly slightly gradually
steadilysignificantly dramatically sharplyrapidly……
形容词+名词形式（Adjective+Noun form）
Eg: a very slight smallStudy the following table carefully and your
composition must be based on the information given in the table. Write three
paragraphs to:
Food Year
Grain
Milk
Meet
Fruit and
vegetables
Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
1986
49%
10%
17%
24%
1987
47%
11%
20%
22%
1988
%
11%
%
20%
1989
45%
12%
23%
20%
1990
45%
13%
21%
21%
1. state the changes in people’s diet in the past five years;
2. give possible reasons for the changes; 3. draw your own conclusions.
4. You should quote as few figures as possible.
⑴As is shown in the table, there have been great changes in people's diet
between 1986 and 1990. ⑵From the table, we can find that grain, formerly the main
food of most Chinese people, is now playing a less important role in people's diet.
⑶And the same goes for fruit and vegetables. ⑷On the other hand, the consumption
of high-nutritious food such as milk and meat has increased rapidly.

⑸What has caused these changes? There are mainly three reasons (主题句). (6)
First, people are much wealthier than before. (7) With higher income, they can
afford nutritious foods. (8) Second, people have realized the importance of a
balanced diet to their health. (9) Lack of certain amount of meat or milk, for
example, will result in poor health. (10) Finally, owing to the economic reform,
meat and milk, which were scarce in the past, are produced in large quantities.

(11) Although milk and meat are important to one's health, eating too much
rich food may result in obesity and many other diseases. (12)Therefore, people
should not only consume a lot of milk and meat, but also enough grain, fruit and
vegetable for the sake of their health.
写作 练习：给大家一个作文题，请根据这一讲的内容，在30分钟内完成。大家在写作的
过程中要注意审题， 考虑文章的结构、采用的扩展方法、开头的结尾的方法以及文章中的
过渡等。
Directions:
Write an essay based on the following chart. In your essay, you
should?interpret the chart, and?give your comments. You should write about 150
words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15points)
作文解析：
本作文题目比较 好写，因为标题和图示非常清晰明白。图标显示了1990年到2010年
城镇人口和乡村人口的变化。 考生分析原因的话也会很简单。
参考例文：
What is clearly presented in the above chart is the different numbers of urban
residents and rural population among 1990,2000 and number of urban residents
climbed steadily from 300 million in 1990 to 660 million or so in 2010，while rural
population decreased slightly from about 820 million to 680 million or so in the
same period.
It is not difficult to come up with some possible factors accounting for this
trend. On the one hand, with the rapid development of economy and society, people
in mounting numbers crowd into cities in search of employment, a decent living
and the excitement of urban life recently. On the other hand, the economy in the
rural districts is comparative less developed and thus the opportunity to make
money and pursue their future is as well lean. As a result, an increasing number
of folks are trying to escape this destiny by flocking into the urban areas.

Given the analyses above, I firmly believe that such established trend will
surely continue for quite a while in the forthcoming years and due importance should
be attached to this evident situation.