考研英语写作:应用文的考查类型
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考研英语写作:应用文的考查类型
一、信函类
1.信的基本类型
英文书信主要分为两大类:私人信函和公务信函。私人信函是指与朋友、家人之间
的往来书
信,其内容比较自由,只需要包括以下几个部分即可:日期、称呼、正文、落款。
公务信函类型多样,应
用范围非常广泛,属正式文体,包括求职信、辞职信、拒聘信、询问
信、复询信、留学和奖学金申请信、
投诉信、答复赔偿信等。此类信件的共同特点是:1.
内容明确,不可漫无目标;2.措辞诚恳,坦然,
不能感情夸张;3.语言清晰、简洁、有礼。从
形式上看应该侧重考查公务信函,因为只有此类信函才需
用到书面语的正式语体。
2.各类信函的内容要点
以下主要针对公务信函,介绍几
种常见信函的基本特点。对于其他不同功能的信件,
考生可以根据本书的介绍做到举一反三。在备考阶段
,考生应熟悉各类信函的书写模式及常
用话语并加强练习。
(1)求职信(Letters of Applying for a Job)
通常包含三个
部分:a)引言部分写明写信原因、具体谋求的职位、获得申请信息的
来源(如:报纸广告、熟人介绍)
等。b)发展部分叙述自己能够胜任该职位所具备的条件,包
括教育背景、工作经历、社会实践等。这部
分内容要具体,不要空洞游说或者列举,用事实
说服会更有力。C)结尾部分再次表达对职位的渴望,争
取面试机会。如请求及时回信、希望
当面洽谈、提供进一步接触的联系方式或指出附件中有相关的证明文
件等。
求职信的语言应严谨、规范、得体。其常用套语教育学考研辅 导有:
引言:I am writing to apply for the post of...
advertised in...
In answer to your
advertisement in... for the post of... , I would
like to apply for...
I have learned from...
(sb) of your openingvacancy for... (job), and am
therefore writing
to apply for the post.
发展:I am now a senior student in (Department) of
(University), and I expect to
graduate in
(date) with a degree in (discipline).
I
receive my (degree) in (subject) from (name of
university) in (date).
Since graduation, I
have been working with (name of
companyorganization) as (job
title)
I
was awarded the prize of (title) in (monthyear)
for (eg. good performance in etc.)
I am
confident that my academic training has prepared
me to handle the job.
结尾:Enclosed are
testimonials from my university teacher and my
present employer.
If these meet your
requirements, please grant me an interview.
(2)辞职信(Letters of Resignation)
正式的辞职信应具备以下要素: a)受理者恰当的称呼; b)辞职决定及其理由(如:未
受公司重用
或尊重,健康、家庭或个人原因,另觅一份更适合自己的工作等); c)缓和气氛的
语句,如对原单位
所给予工作机会以及提供的工作经历表示感谢,对因自己辞职而给对方带
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来的不便表示歉意,表达对原单位的良好祝愿等等。
需要注意的是:避免负面评论。不论
什么原因,不要对你的公司政策、老板、管理
人员、同事做任何负面评价。
常用套语如下:
称呼:Dear Mr. Smith
辞职决定和理由:
With regret, I am writing to inform you about my
decision to resign
from my current position.
I hereby confirm in writing my resignation
from ABC Company because of family
reasons.
缓和语气的话:I would like to express my sincere
gratitude and thanks for all the
support that
I have received over the last few weeks, and for
the enjoyable experience of having
worked for
your company.
I hope you will consider my
request, and I apologize for any inconveniences I
might
have caused.
I wish all of you a
prosperous future
(3)留学和奖学金申请信(Letters of
Applying for Admittance and Scholarship)
申请者
是通过申请信争取继续学习和获得奖学金的机会,而申请学校负责人则是通
过该信决定其是否具有这样的
机会。因此这封信需要尽可能得表现写信人所具有的优势,比
如个人性格优点,学业工作成绩等等。信的
内容通常涉及:
a) 申请该学校奖学金的原因;
b)
使你对某个专业产生兴趣的学术背景和训练;
c) 工作经验;
d)
能证明你潜能的研究;
e) 未来职业计划。
如果对方学校有要求,还应附上“个人简历”、学习成绩、研究成果的摘要等。
虽然申请信需要表
现自己去争取机会,但其语言不应过于夸张,避免使用像
excellent,remarkable,
wonderful,great之类的形容词吹捧申请的学校或夸耀自己,而应自
然而平实。其常用套
语有:
I am a student in... , expecting to
graduate with a Bachelor’s degree this summer.
I am interested in... and plan to apply for
admission for (time).
I am writing in the
hope that I may obtain an opportunity to further
my study in...
I should be pleased to
forward my credentials, such as references,
transcripts and
photocopies of IELTS scores.
(4)询问信(Letters of Inquiry)
询问信是请求对方提供需
要信息的信件。可分三大部分:引言部分自我介绍并讲明
询问目的。发展部分是询问的主要内容,如果包
括多个方面,为了让对方一目了然,也便于
回答,在内容的安排上应简明扼要,可以用数字列出具体问题
大学考研,如first, second, third
或1、2、3。结尾部分真诚地感谢对方。
由于询问有可能给对方带来麻烦,所以措辞要谦虚、诚恳。其常用套语有:
引言:As a student at... university, I am preparing
for...
Your answers to the questions below
would help me...
As we are particularly
interested in... , we should be grateful if you
would kindly...
发展:Could you please send me
the relevant information and application form?
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结尾:Your answer will contribute to my
project.
I would appreciate receiving your
answer by... ( time ).
(5)投诉信
投投诉信是因为对
服务、商品等不满而向诸如商店、厂家、消费者协会等相关负责
机构写的信件。写此类信件时候,应注意
写信的目的不仅仅是表示不满,更重要的是让对方
了解并解决你所遇到的问题。因此投诉信的内容可包括
:
1)反映问题。比如应具体说明什么质量问题,并提供确切的发票,问题的内容要明
确而具体。
2)说明由此问题所带来的不便、比如时间或精神上的损失等,内容要实事求是。
3)提出解决方案,赔偿方法和方式等,所提出的要求要合理。
4)结尾既要提出希望,比如要求
对方尽快解决问题,同时又要为对方做出的努力表
示感谢,这样对方才可能以积极的态度处理并解决你的
问题。
投诉信的语气要坚决,但注意礼貌用词,不宜过分尖锐,叙述问题时用过去时态。
其常用套语有:
引言:I am returning... which I bought from
your store in... (time).
I must complain
about...
发展:This has put us to great
inconvenience.
Therefore, I am returning...
and would greatly appreciate if you could replace
it.
结尾:We hope that you will understand our
expectation of the compensation for our
damaged goods.
I would be grateful if
this matter would have your immediate attention.
Having been given your excellent reputation,
I am sure you will do everything possible
to...
(6)建议信
建议信是写信人希望对解决问题有所帮助而向相
关部门或者个人写的信件,其主要
目的是提出自己的意见,希望对方能够采纳并采取相应行动。为了达到
交际目的,所提建议
要合理、可行、容易让对方接受。除此之外还需要注意语气要和善,要与对方拉教育
学考研
辅 导近距离而不可盛气凌人。
建议信的内容一般包括:1)提出亟待解决的问题;2) 分析造成问题的原因;3)提出解
决办法。
常用套语有:
提出问题:It seems that „ (not have
desired effects, not have obtained the full
attention; be not satisfactory perfect; have
harmful deadly seriousnegative effects)
I am
„(deeply really seriously terriblygreatly)
concerned worried sad confused
about„
分析原因:Currently, „ especially „ Therefore,„ This
leads to„; one of the
factors is „;
It
is understood that if„it will„.
提出解决方法:In
order to combat the growing problem of„ , „ should
reduce
increase ensure„; I think it would be
more beneficial if you could„.; I think it would
be helpful
to„.