短文听力的提问方式最常见的有4种类型
张冠李戴-一年级数学工作总结
短文听力的提问方式最常见的有4种类型。
1.中心思想题。这类问题主要是测试文章的主题思想。
提问方式有:What is the
main idea of the passage? What can we learn from
this passage?
What is the best title for this
passage? What is the passage mainly about? What is
the speaker
talking about?等等。
做这一类题时一定要注
意集中精力听好短文的开头,因为四级听力短文一般会开门见
山,把中心思想置于文章的开头。另外,如
果文中反复出现同一词汇或同一类词汇,同样也
值得我们特别注意,因为包含有这类词汇的选项能较好地
体现中心思想,通常就是正确答案。
2.事实细节题。所考察的细节包括具体时间、地点、主要人物或事件、各种数字等,问
题一般为wh-
question的形式。
这类题要求我们听到文中出现时间、数字时一定要特别敏感,及时做好
笔记;另外,文
中一旦出现以因果连词(如because, so, due
to等)和转折连词(如but, however,
though等)引导
的句子也要格外留心,这些地方往往就是考点。
3.对错判断题。这类题常用以下提问方式:Which of the following is
truenot true,
according to the passage? Which
of the following is not mentioned?等等。听到这类题时,一定
要听清提问,对于有没有not一词要弄清楚。一般情况下,not一词会重读。
4.推理推测题。这类题需要对文中的信息进行分析推断,才能作出正确的选择。提问方
式有:What
can be infer from the passage? What does the
speaker think about the problem...?
What does
the speaker most concerned about? How does the
writer feel about...?等等。
做这类题时一定要注意与短文内容一样的不
是推断,而且一定要根据短文的观点而不是
根据自己的观点来推断。
(一) 听力题型分析
I、A节(Section A)
1、 问题类型
A节每组对话一般是在
一男一女之间进行的一问一答。问题一般由先讲话的人提出。题目均
以问句形式出现,其中多数是特殊疑
问句。这些问题涉及的内容大致归纳如下:
A、多用来问以下内容:
1)
问是什么、要什么、讨论什么、什么种类等,如:
What is the man's
answer?
What does the woman want for lunch?
What are they talking about?
What
kind of books does the man want to borrow?
2)
问做什么,如:
What does the woman tell the man to do
first?
What are the speakers doing now?
What will happen if John fails the exam?
3) 问什么含义,如:
What does the man mean (imply)
?
What does the woman's answer suggest?
4)
问从对话中能获得什么信息或结论,如:
What can we learn from the
conversation?
What can be concluded from this
conversation?
5) 问对某人或某事有什么看法,如:
What does
the man think of Miss Brown?
What does the
woman think of the plan?
B、A节中用提出的问题主要问对话可能是在什么场所发生的,即:
Where does this conversation most probably
take place?
Where does this conversation most
likely occur?
Where are the man
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C、可能问以下几个方面的情况:
1) 问钟点(可用替换),如:
Man
(M): What time did yesterday's football match
start?
Woman (W): It was supposed to start at
a quarter to 7, but it was delayed an hour.
Question(Q): When did the game finally start?
2) 问在哪个星期或星期几(后者可用替换),如:
W: I thought to
go to town now. I have some shopping to do.
M:
Don't spend too much, I won't get paid until next
week.
Q: When will he be paid?
3) 问日期,如:
When will the winter vacation begin?
D、用提问的问题可以问原因,也可以问目的,如:
Why is the
man late?
Why did the man repair the car by
himself?
E、可能问对话者某一方的身份、对话人之间的关系或对话中涉及到的其他人的情况,如:
W: May I help you ,Sir?
M: I hope so. It's
my watch. I brought it in to be repaired, but I've
lost the
Receipt.
Q: Who is the man?
F、主要针对以下内容提问:
1) 问做某事的方式、方法或使用的交通工具,如:
How did the teacher usually begin his class?
How does the man usually go to work?
2)
问对某事的感受如何,如:
How does the man feel about the
movie?
How do you like the film?
G、问多少,属于涉及数字的题,可能有以下几种形式:
How many
persons ...?
How many dozens of ... does ...
want?
How much does ...?
How old is ...?
How long does it take ... to ...?
A节的问句根据疑
问词划分,大致可以归为以上七类。A节中偶尔也有个别一般疑问句。但
也可能出现其它类型的问句,(
如以Whom,Whose,Which提问),或针对以上未归纳的内容
进行提问。
2、
对话内容分类
若按对话内容分类,则可分为以下几种类型:
A、时间类:包括直接型和计算型。如:
W: Your library books
are due on December 13th. If you have not finished
using them
by then, you may renew them once.
M: Thank you very much . I only need them for
a few days.
Q: When must the man return his
books to the library?
B、数字类:包括直接型和计算型。如: W: Do you live in a
college dormitory?
M: Yes, I do. It's a six-
man suite, but at the moment only four of us live
there.
Q: How many people share the suite now?
C、地点类:包括直接型和含蓄型。如:
M: I need to cash this
check?
W: Will you step right over to the
teller's window, please?
Q: Where is the
conversation most probably taking place?
D、否定类:此类对话既可以含有not,no,neither,nor等否定词,也有
but,although等
转折词,或由would
rather,too...to结构及虚拟语气等表达。因此,对于后者要特别加以
注意。如:
M: Ann, do you have any extra money you could
loan me?
W: I wish I could help you. I went
shopping yesterday. Now I have only two dollars
till the end of the week.
Q: Will the man
borrow any money from the woman?
此题的答案肯定是No。听这段话时要抓住I wish I could help
you.这一关键话语。这句
话虽然从表面上看是肯定式,但却隐含着I'm sorry I
can't help you.的意思。
E、人物类:包括人物关系、人物身份两类
。此类对话提供一个情节,能反映所涉及的人的
关系或身份。如:
M: Good
evening, Madam. There is a table for two over
there. This way, please.
W: Thank you. Could I
see the menu, please?
Q: What's the
relationship between the man and woman?
A)
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飵扒夎㎒ꉱꉱ㭉ꉱand wife.
B) Waiter and customer.
C) Salesman and
customer. D) Host
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F、活动类:这一类谈话内容可涉及上课、娱乐、工作、日常生活等各种
情况。如:
W: Are you going to New York next weekend?
M: Yes, I'm going to look up Bill while I'm
there.
Q: What's the man going to do?
这类对话中往往先后出现几种情况,要注意听问句是什么,然后再作出选择。
3、
几种常见的解题方法
A节中的对话虽然简短,但多数情况下,往往不能从听到的内容中
找到与选择项内容完全相
同的部分,即对话中一般没有现成的答案。因此,在听的时候要注意抓住选择项
的同义或反
义词(组)用辨别法答题(解活动类多用此方法),或根据对话内容采用归纳、推论或辨别<
br>的方法回答。用这种方法答题,类型不仅仅限于诸如这样的题
目,其它如含蓄人物类、人物身份类
、含蓄地点类、否定类题目也与此类似。如:
W: How do you like the
play you saw last night?
M: Well, I should
have stayed at home.
Q: What does the man
think of the play?
A) It is exciting. B) It is
boring.
C) He didn't see the play. D) He like
it very much.
对话中(我真该待在家里),这句话已婉转地表明他不
喜欢这出
戏,而对没有待在家里表示遗憾、后悔(should have done something这种结构可用来表示对应该发生而实际上没有发生的事情表示遗憾、后悔或谴责)。能使他产生此
感想的原因
自然是(演出令人厌烦),因而B是正确的答案。否定
类题目多含有虚拟语气、语气否定、暗示比喻、强
化意见等形式。这一节属于此数字类题目
的对话中,多出现两处,甚至三、四处数字或时间,因此,除了
用辨别方法外,有时必须用
计算方法才能得出正确答案。
II、B节(Section B)
B节通常有三篇听力材料。其中较短的约150词,较长的约200词。材料本身难度不
算
太大,关键在于能否听懂大意、抓住要点、记住主要情节。短文后面的问题大都是特殊疑问
句
。问题多问关于短文的主题、有关讲话人的情况、事实与细节、事情的因与果等,有时要
求根据短文的内
容作出其它推论。
大体说来,B节的题目比较客观、直接。这是因为B节的题目涉及的多是具体事实(
问暗含
意义或要求推论的题目很少),并且答案常常可以从听力材料中直接获得。对于这类题目,
只要听懂短文,选出正确答案是轻而易举的。能否顺利完成B节的试题,主要取决于能否在
一系列语句
中抓住答题所需的那些关键词句。
(二) 如何阅读选择项
因为听力理解的问题不是以书面
形式出现在卷面上,而是在讲话内容之后才出现,所以,我
们必须抓住空隙时间抢先阅读选择项。这样便
可以根据选择项的内容预测谈话或短文的内容
和提问形式,提前了解谈话或短文中可能出现的单词或词组
。只有这样,在听音时才能有目
的地听、有选择地记。
对待选择项应采取快速阅读的方法。在
听音前看选择项主要应用略读技巧。一定要避免逐词
阅读,否则就不可能在听音前看完选择项。选择项的
长短、简繁不一,具体处理方法也要有
所不同。
选择项都比较短时,可采用扫视法。用眼光扫过选择项,大体了解其内容。
当选择项较长时(
B节的选择项往往较长),可分两步处理。第一步,整体看,以发现其共
同成分;第二步,采用竖读方法
,着重看区别。选择项(尤其是较长的选择项)各项之间往
往有相同的内容。应先整体扫
视选择项,很快发现其共同处,然后将视线移到各项不同之处
进行竖读(即由上向下看,而不是由左向右
看)。
用这样的方法看选择项,开始可能会感到不习惯,因而影响阅读速度。但经过一段时间的练习,便会习惯。掌握这种技巧,不仅能加快阅读速度,使我们能在较短的时间看完较长的阅
读项,而
且能使我们对选择项的共同与不同部分印象更深刻,这对确定听音重点十分重要,
因而,在平时就要注意
训练提高这种技巧,使之成为习惯。若平时习惯逐词逐句地读,考试
时就难以纠正,当然就无法熟练运用
这种技巧。
需要说明的是,上面所说的只是一种技巧,不一定适用于所有情况。但快速是原则。
(三)如何预测问题的类型和内容
虽然在听音之前很难确定题目的确切内容,但选择项的结构
和内容往往暗示问题的类型和大
致内容。有些题的选择项很有特点,非常明显地反映出其问题的类型。例
如:看到这样的选
择项时:
A) At the airport.
B) In
a restaurant.
C) At the railway station.
D) In a department store.
完全可以肯定此问题问的是。又如,选择项为:
显然这一题问的是,再分析一下选择项之间的关系,之间各相差30
分钟,这
就说明此题是加减题,这四个时间只有一个会被提到,而答案则是被提到的时间加
减30分钟。
虽然不是所有的选择项都会像以上两例这样明显地反映问题的类型,选择项的语言结构往往
可以提示问
题的类型,其对应关系大致如下:
选择项的语言结构问题类
1)地点介词+名词。
2)方式、方法介词
+名词(词组)、动词(词组)
3) 时间介词
+钟点、星期、日期等
4) 数词+时间单位词(分、小时、日、
月、年等)
5) 数词+计量词
6) 以不定式或等
引起的词组或从句
7) 名词(词组)、动名词(词组)
8)
名词(词组)、形容词+名词(词组)
9) 形容词、过去分词、现在分词(词组) 10)从句
这些对应关系都是相对而言的,仅供参考。选择项的语言结构比较灵活,没有固定的格
式。
有时增减某些成分并不改变其性质。以上面第三条为例,如果选择项中只有钟点而没有
介词,问题类型还
是。
另外,同一类题目可能有不同的表达方式。比如,一般用来问原因或目的,但也可以用,或来提问。这些表达方式虽不同,意义并不改变
三、长短句的做题方法
核心技巧:
1、视听基本一致。(听什么选什么)
2、第一句、第一回合对应第一题答案;
3、选项答案为短语或单词可以直选;
4、问答式对话中,答案句经常出题
5、请注意对话的主旨
例题: 2010年6月第二段长对话
23.
A) The pocket money British children
get.
B) The annual inflation rate in Britain.
C) The things British children spend money on.
D) The rising cost of raising a child in
Britain.
24.
A) It enables children to
live better.
B) It goes down during economic
recession.
C) It often rises higher than
inflation.
D) It has gone up 25% in the past
decade.
25.
A) Save up for their future
education.
B) Pay for small personal things.
C) Buy their own shoes
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D)
Make donations when necessary.
答案:ACB
听力原文:
W: Now you’ve seen this table
of figures about the pocket money children in
Britain
get?(Q23答案点,首句考点+视听一致)
M: Yes. I
thought it was quite interesting, but I don’t
quite understand the column
entitled change.
Can you explain what it means?
W: Well, I
think it means the change from the year before. I
am not a mathematician,
but I assume the rise
from 70p to 90p is a rise of 25 percent.
M: Oh
yes, I see. And the inflation rate is there for
comparison.
W: Yes. why do you think the rise
in pocket money is often higher than
inflation?
(Q24答案点,视听一致)
M: I am sorry I’ve
no idea. Perhaps parents in Britain are too
generous.
W: Perhaps they are. But it looks as
if children were not better off in 2001 than
they were in 2002. That’s strange, isn’t it?
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seem
to have been better off in 2003 than they are now.
I wonder why that is.
M: Yes, I don’t
understand that at all.
W: Anyway, if you had
children, how much pocket money would you give
them?
M: I don’t know. I think I’ll probably
give them 2 pounds a week.
W: Would
you? And what would you expect them to do with it?
M: Well, out of that, they have to buy some
small personal things?(Q25答案点,
视听一致), but I
wouldn’t expect them to save to buy their own
socks, for example.
W: Yes, by the way, do
most children in your country get pocket money?
M: Yeah, they do.
Q23 What is the table
of figures about?
Q24 What do we learn from
the conversation about British children’s pocket
money?
Q25 Supposing the man had children,
what would he expect them to do with their pocket
money?
四、篇章听力
2007年改革后的四级考试,听力中passage
每次考三篇,两篇每篇三个选择题,一篇四个
选择题,位于整套题的第26到35题。
纵观改
革后的四级考试,每次passage都会考至少一篇人物故事类文章。故事类的听力文章
讲述,按照时
间来进行,一般分成两类:正叙型和倒叙型。如果正叙一篇故事,时间副词就
是文章的提示和思路。第二
点,故事类文章第一句话对整篇文章起着非常大的作用,因为第
一句话会交待故事发生的时间、地点、人
物和背景,这对整篇的理解都至关重要。如0912
的一篇passage,讲述一位医生的亲身经历。
文本运用了大量的时间词,如:In her early
days,a few hours la
ter,nowadays,在听到这些词的时候一定要集中精神听清楚时间词
后面的事件,就能更快选
出正确答案。
倒叙的故事时间顺序为now—past—now,
所以考生把握时间尤其重要,这样一部分明显表
示时间的副词和介词的作用就不可低估,比如used
to, in the past 等,都可以成为题眼
所在。
人物故事类听力以考细节事实
题为主。由于答案比较直接、明确,在听文章时应做好笔记。
大家平时练习的时候,一定要注意catc
h时间词。
0912的四级听力篇章从内容难度上来讲,比2009年6月的更难。第一篇文章属于天
文类,
讲的是除地球以外的星球上形成生命的可能性。虽然文本用词比较难,但是此类文章是热点,也是大家平时应该积累的知识,对于此类文章的大意应该不陌生。
Passage听力开始之前,
抓紧时间看选项,预览选项,搞清楚每题考查点:是主旨大意,细
节事实还是推理题。另外根据惯例,最
后一个问题答案出现在篇章结束前三十秒左右,最后
一题可在短文结束前找到答案。