高中英语语法冲刺英语句子的类型
中国地质大学武汉研究生院-刘伦浩
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英语句子的类型
一、.简单句
1. According to
scientists, our mental abilities declined
from the age of 27.
S+ V
（主+谓）
Harry Potter books are quite
popular
S+ V+ P
(主+系+表)
looked at the finished painting
with a satisfaction.
S+ V+ O
（主+谓+宾）
company promised us a bonus
this year.
S+ V+ o+ O
（主+谓+间宾+直宾）
must keep our school clean
S+ V+ O+ C
（主+谓+宾+宾补）
二、.并列句 and, but, or,while等
’ve had a good start, but next, more work
needs to be done to achieve the final success.
had plenty of money and he spent it freely.
have to move out of the way or the truck
cannot get past you.
4. I am doing some
dishes, while my brother is watching TV.
三、.复合句：
（一）名词从句（宾，主，表，同）
1. Jerry did
not regret giving the comment but felt that he
could have expressed it differently.
宾语从句
2. His daughter is quite different
from what she was five years ago.
宾语从句
3. We find it difficult that we
should finish the work on time.
形式宾语
宾语从句
4. It doesn’t matter whether you
turn right or left at the crossing；both roads lead
to the park.
形式主语
主语从句
5. What I am looking for is something
much bigger and stronger.
主语从句
6. Your
future is in your hands. Your life is what you
make of it.
表语从句
7. There is much truth in the idea that
kindness is usually served by frankness.
同位语从句
（二） 副词从句（状语从句）
1. I don't believe
we've met before, although I must say you do look
familiar.
让步状语从句
2. This restaurant wasn't half as good
as that other restaurant we went to.
比较状语从句
3. I had hardly got to the office when
my wife phoned me to go back home at once.
时间状语从句
1
（三）形容词从句（定语从句）
1.
That evening, which I will tell you more about
later, I ended up working very late.
定语从句修饰That evening
2. Have you sent thank-you
notes to the relatives from whom you received
gifts?
定语从句修饰the relatives
3. I wish to thank
Professor Smith, without whose help I would never
have got this far.
定语从句修饰Professor Smith
4. We live in an age
when more information is available with greater
ease than ever before.
定语从句修饰an age
英语句子的成分和句式结构的实战列举
学习和
掌握英语句子的成分和句式结构有利于我们更好地理解句子的意思，特别是长句；从另一个方面
来看，也
有利于我们写出更准确更多样化的句子，从而提高我们长句分析能力和写作能力，突破阅读和写
作的瓶颈
。
1.长句分析
①We promise (_____) attends
the party a chance to have a photo taken
with the movie star.
主语 谓语 间接宾语
直接宾语 定语（修饰chance) 定语（修饰photo)
B.
whom C. whoever D. Whomever
【解析】首先本句考查的关键短语是 promise sb sth“向某人承诺某事”。本句指的是
我们答应参加聚会的人，
让他们有何电影明星合影的机会，不定式做 chance
的定语。句中的宾语为“参加聚会的人”是一个从句，
故选C。whoever=anyone who
引导宾语从句，所以划分句子成分非常关键。
② I was growing up
in Kuala Lumpur in the early 1960s, （____
）children from different races and
主语
谓语 状语 定语（修饰
the early 1960s）
religions played and studied
together in harmony.
A. why B. which C. How
D. when
【解析】本句考查定语从句，先行词是“20世纪 60年代”，所以用
when，相当于induring which。
③My kids have been
annoying me and the last straw was when my
car broke down,
主语 谓语 宾语
主语 系动词 表语（从句）
and I was stuck by
the highway for an hour before someone
stopped to help.
表语（从句）
状语 状语（从句）
What made “I” finally think
of getting a cell phone? （福建，2013）
Being stuck
by the highway. B. Being urged by
his grandkids.
C. Being persuaded by cell
phone salespersons. D. Being attracted by the
friendly return policy.
【解析】细节理解题。根据对上句的成分结构的
分析，可以帮助理解此句的意思为：“我的孩子一直烦着我
要买把手机，而最终促使我去做这件事的是我
的车坏在公路上，而且被困在那里好几个小时才有人停下来
帮我修车。” 可知答案为 A 项。
2.书面表达——句式多样化
①“胖”句子：在句子结构中的主
要成分上，适当地加上次要成分，能充实句子，让句子体现作者
较高的修辞意识。
【精彩呈现】He was sleeping.
↓
He was sleeping in class. (添加状语）
2
↓
He was
sleeping in the English class.(添加定语）
↓
He was sleeping soundly in the English
class.(添加状语）
↓
He is
sleeping soundly in the English class when the
teacher calls his name.(添加when 连接的简单句）
↓
He, who attended his friend's birthday party
till midnight yesterday, was sleeping soundly in
the English class when
the teacher called his
name. (添加who引导的定语从句）
注：句子扩写时有一点非常关键的，就是要划清句子的主要成分，并弄清单词的词性。
【即时演练】John has been playing computer
games.（让句子胖起来）
【参考答案】：John has been
playing computer games in the study since he came
back from school,
angering his parents.
② “瘦”句子：同样把句子简化下来，也能起到意想不到的美化句子的效果。
【精彩呈现】A: As he was tired and hungry, the boy was
unwilling to move on.
↓
Tired and hungry, the boy was
unwilling to move on.
B: Mary came late,
which made her teacher angry.
↓
Mary's coming late made her teacher
angry.
注：句子瘦写时，关键的是要关注句子成分的各种不同的形式，使用更符合情境，更生动的表达形式。
【即时演练】Because he did not know what to do, he had
to ask the teacher for help.
【参考答案】Not
knowing what to do, he had to ask the teacher for
help.
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