全文阅读分析--结构阅读法之提取全文主题句
河南省高招办公室-关爱学生
1. The word body in paragraph 1 could
best
be replaced by
A. corpse
B.
amount
C. organization
D. skeleton
2. The word key in paragraph 1 could best
be replaced by
A. locked
B.
secret
C. studies
D. significant
3.
The word it in paragraph 1 refers to
A.
personality
B. component
C. research
D. hypothesis
4. According to paragraph
1, which of
following is true about Adler?
A. He was one of the first to study the
effect of birth order on personality
B.
He believed that it was the actual birth
order
that affected personality.
C. He had found
that the responses by
family members had
little to do with
personality.
D. He was
the only one to study birth
order.
5. The
author includes the idea that These
studies
have tended to classify birth order
types in
to four different categories in
paragraph 2 in
order to
A. announce what ideas will be
presented
in the following paragraphs
B.
show how other studies differed from
Adler’s
C. explain how Adler classified his work
D. describe the various ways that
different studies have categorized birth order
groups
6. The word traits in paragraph 3
is closest
in meaning to
Birth Order
A considerable body of research has
demonstrated a correlation between birth order
and aspects such as temperament and behavior,
and some psychologists believe that birth
order significantly affects the development of
personality. Psychologist Alfred Adler was a
pioneer in the study of the relationship
between birth order and personality. A key
point in his research and in the hypothesis
that
he developed based on it was that it was
not
the actual numerical birth position that
affected personality; instead, it was the
similar
responses in large numbers of families
to
children in specific birth order positions
that
had an effect. For example, first-borns,
who
have their parents to themselves initially
and
do not have to deal with siblings in the
first
part of their lives, tend to have their
first
socialization experiences with adults
and
therefore tend to find the process of peer
socialization more difficult. In contrast,
later-born children have to deal with siblings
from the first moment of their lives and
therefore tend to have stronger socialization
skills.
Numerous studies since
Adler’s have been
conducted on the effect of
birth order and
personality. These studies
have tended to
classify birth order types into
four different
categories: first-born, second-
born andor
middle, last , and only child.
Studies have consistently shown that
first-born children tend to exhibit similar
positive and negative personality traits.
First-borns have consistently been linked with
academic achievement in various studies;
A. stresses
B. marks
C. characteristics
D. fears
7. Which of
the sentences below expresses
the essential
information in the highlighted
sentence in
paragraph 3? Incorrect choices
change the
meaning in important ways or
in one study the
number of National Merit
scholarship winners
who are first-borns was
found to be equal to
the number of second-
and third-borns
combined. First-borns have
been found to be
more responsible and
assertive than those born
in other birth-order
positions and tend to
rise to positions of
leadership more of ten
than others; more
leave out essential
information.
A. in spite of certain
characteristics that
first-borns possess, many
of them become
leaders.
B. An
interesting fact that is difficult to
explain
is that many first-borns have served in
high
government positions.
C. Because first-born
tend to be very
assertive, they are
uncomfortable serving in
government positions.
D. Several examples support the idea that
first-borns have characteristics that make
them
leaders.
8. The word accepting in
paragraph 4 is
closest in meaning to
A.
tolerant
B. affectionate
C.
admissible
D respective
9. Look at the
four squares that indicate
where the following
sentence can be added to
paragraph 4.
Thus, second-borns tend to be better at
soccer, football, volleyball, and baseball
than at tennis, diving gymnastics, or
archery.
10. Which of the following is NOT
true,
according to the passage?
A.
First-borns tend to do well in
individual
sports.
B. Middle children tend to have a
preference for team sports.
C. Last-
borns tend to prefer games with
fierce
competition.
D. Only children tend to prefer
individual
over team sports.
first-borns
have served in the U.S. Congress
and as U.S.
presidents than have those born in
other
birth-order positions. However, studies
have
shown that first-borns tend to be more
subject
to stress and were considered problem
children
more often than later-borns.
[ ]Second-
born andor middle children
demonstrate
markedly different tendencies
from first-
borns. [ ]They tend to feel inferior
to the
older child or children because it is
difficult for them to comprehend that their
lower level of achievement is function of age
rather an ability, and they often try to
succeed
in areas other than those in which
their older
sibling or siblings excel. [ ]They
tend to be
more trusting, accepting, and
focused on other
than the more self-centered
first-borns, and
they tend to have a
comparatively higher level
of success in team
sports than do first-borns or
only children,
who more often excel in
individual sports.[ ]
The last-born child is the one who tends
to
be the eternal baby of the family and thus
often exhibits a strong sense of security.
Last-borns collectively achieve the highest
degree of social success and demonstrate the
highest levels of self-esteem of all the
birth-order positions. They often exhibit less
competitiveness than older brothers and
sisters
and are more likely to take part in
less
competitive group
11. the phrase more achievement oriented games
or in social organizations such as
in
paragraph 6 is closest in meaning to sororities
and fraternities.
A. more directly involved
B. more focused on accomplishments Only
children tend to exhibit some of the
C. more
skilled as leaders main characteristics of first-
borns and some of
D. more aware of
surroundings the characteristics of last-borns.
Only children
12. Which of the following would
be most tend to exhibit the strong sense of
security and
likely to have a successful
career but few self-esteem exhibited by last-borns
while, like
close friendships. first-borns,
they are more achievement
A. A second-born
oriented and more likely than middle- or
B.
A middle child last-borns to achieve academic
success.
C A last-born However, only
children tend to have the most
D. An only
child problems establishing close relationships
and
exhibit a lower need for affiliation than
other
children.
13. An
introductory sentence or a brief summary of the
passage is provided below. Complete
the
summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that
express the most important ideas in the
passage. Some sentences do not belong in the
summary because they express ideas that are not
presented in the passage or are minor ideas in
the passage. This questions is worth 2 points.
This passage discusses that the links
between the birth order and the development of
personality of
the child in a family.
A.
B.
C.
Psychologists believe that birth order could
significantly affect the development of child’s
personality, which is characterized in the
temperament and behavior.
Alfred Adler
challenged traditional theories in the aspect that
he believed birth order had
little effects on
personality.
The first-born children tend to
demonstrate similar positive and negative
personality
characteristics while the second-
borns exhibit markedly different personality from
the
first-borns.
The only children often
present the combined personalistic features of the
first-borns and
last-borns.
The last-borns
often exhibit less competitiveness than their
older brothers and sisters.
The only children
tend to exhibit the
strongest sense of
security.
D.
E.
F.
G.