2014高考英语阅读理解答案解析六
上海签证中心-物理教研组工作计划
2014高考英语阅读理解答案解析六
(2011·海淀第二学期期末，D)
The Child Ego State
The Child ego state is
a set of behaviors, thoughts and feelings which
are replayed from our
own childhood.
Perhaps the boss calls us into his or her
office, we may immediately get a churning in our
stomach and wonder what we have done wrong. If
this were explored we might remember the time
the head teacher called us in to tell us off.
Of course, not everything in the Child ego state
is negative.
We might go into someone's house
and smell a lovely smell and remember our
grandmother's house
when we were little, and
all the same warm feelings we had at six years of
age may come flooding
back.
The Child ego
states are constantly being updated. For example,
we may meet someone who
gives us the
permission we needed as a child, and did not
get，to be fun and joyous. We may well use
that
person in our imagination when we are stressed to
resist our old ways of thinking that we must
work longer and longer hours to keep up with
everything. We might ask ourselves“I wonder what X
would say now. ”Then on hearing the new
permissions to relax and take some time out，do
just that
and then return to the work renewed
and ready for the challenge. Afterwards, rather
than blaming
ourselves for what we did or did
not do, what tends to happen is that we
automatically start to give
ourselves new
permissions and take care of ourselves.
Alternatively，we might have had an extremely
unpleasant experience yesterday which goes
into the Child ego state as an antique memory
that stands in the way of our growth. Positive
experiences will also go into the Child ego
state as antique memories. The positive
experiences can
then be drawn on to remind us
that positive things do happen.
The process of
analyzing personality in terms of ego states is
called structural analysis. It is
important to
remember that ego states do not have an existence
of their own. They are concepts to
enable
understanding. Therefore it is important to say“I
want some fun” rather than“My Child wants
some
fun”. We may be in our Child ego state when we say
this,_but saying“I” reminds us to take
responsibility for our actions.
本文讲述了“the
Child ego state”的含义及对一个人行为的影响。
13．The writer
uses two examples in Paragraph 2 in order to
________.
A. prove the Child ego state is
negative
C. support the idea in Paragraph 1
B. explain why we become nervous
D.
introduce the point of Paragraph 3
答案：C。推理判断题。
从文章结构来看，第2段所举的两个例子是对文章首段观点的阐
释，故选C。
14．By
asking“I wonder what X would say now” ，we intend
to ________.
A. blame ourselves
B. avoid stress
C. keep up with everything
D. accept challenges
答案：B。推理判断题。由第3段中间的“We may well use that
person...Then on hearing the
new permissions
to relax and take some time out...”可推知答案。
15．According to the passage，the Child ego
state ________.
A. exists in one's childhood
B. shows one's wisdom
C. limits one's thoughts
D. influences one's actions
答案：D。推理判断题。
16．The underlined word“this” in the last
paragraph refers to ________.
A. “I want some
fun”
C. the Child ego state
B. “My Child
wants some fun”
D. structural analysis
答案：A。词义猜测题。答案在于文章最后两句，由尾句中的but saying “I”
reminds us...
可知代词this指代的是上句的“I want some
fun”而不是“My Child wants some fun”。
(2011·东城练习二，D)
People have
wondered for a long time how their personalities
and behavior are formed. It is not
easy to
explain why one person is intelligent and another
is not, or why one is cooperative and
another
is competitive.
Social scientists are of
course extremely interested in these types of
questions. They want to
explain why we possess
certain characteristics and exhibit certain
behavior. There are no clear
answers yet, but
two distinct schools of thought on the matter have
developed. As one might expect,
the two
approaches are very different from each other, and
there is a great deal of debate between
proponents of each theory. The controversy is
often conveniently referred to as “nature and
nurture”．
Those who support the“nature” side
of the conflict believe that our personalities and
behavior
patterns are largely determined by
biological factors. That our environment has
little, if anything, to
do with our abilities,
characteristics and behavior is central to this
theory. Taken to an extreme，this
theory states
that our behavior is predetermined to such a great
degree that we are almost completely
governed
by our instincts(本能)．
Proponents of
the“nurture” theory, or, as they are often called,
behaviorists, claim that our
environment is
more important than our biologically based
instincts in determining how we will act.
A
behaviorist, B. F. Skinner, sees humans as beings
whose behavior is almost completely shaped by
their surroundings. The behaviorists' view of
the human being is quite mechanistic. They state
that,
like machines, humans respond to
environmental stimuli (刺激) as the basis of their
behavior.
Socially and politically, the
consequences of these two theories are far-
reaching. In the US ，for
example,
blacks often score below whites on standardized
intelligence tests. This leads some“nature”
proponents to conclude that blacks are
genetically lower in status than whites.
Behaviorists, on the
contrary, say that the
differences in scores are due to the fact that
blacks are often robbed of many of
the
educational and other environmental advantages
that whites enjoy, and that, as a result, they do
not develop the same responses that whites do.
Neither of these theories can yet fully
explain human behavior. In fact, it is quite
likely that the
key to our behavior lies
somewhere between these two extremes and that the
controversy will
continue for a long time is
certain.
人的个性和行为是天生具有的还是后天形成的？社会学家对此看法不一。
17．This passage is mainly concerned with
________.
A. relation between personality and
behavior
B. relation between behavior and
environment
C. different accounts of patterns
of human behavior
D. different theories of the
formation of human behavior
答案：D。主旨大意题。通读全文不难看
出，本文主要讨论了人的个性是天生的还是受周
围环境的影响而形成的，故选D。
18．The underlined word“proponents” in
Paragraph 2 means ________.
A. creators
C. advocates
B. advisors
D.
judges
答案：C。词义猜测题。本文主要叙述了两种理论拥护者之间的辩论，所以应选C(拥护
者)。
19．In Paragraph 5, the author mainly writes
about ________.
A. the considerable influence
of the two theories
B. differences between the
blackes and whites
C. racial discrimination
in the United States
D. different responds to
intelligence tests
答案：A。主旨大意题：第5段首先告诉我们，这两种理论在
社会上和政治上都有深远的
意义，接着用事例论证了这种理论，故答案为A。
20．What's the author's purpose in writing the
passage?
A. To call our attention to the
changes of human behavior.
B. To urge
scientists to do more research in social science.
C. To give us a detailed explanation of human
behavior.
D. To present an argument in
the field of social science.
答案：D。推理判断题。本文主要
叙述了社会学家对于人的个性和行为的形成的不同观点，以
及他们精辟的剖析，故答案为D。
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C7 [2013·安徽卷] B
Using too much water
or throwing rubbish into our rivers are clear
ways that humans can
put our water supply in
danger，but we also affect our water supply in less
obvious ways. You may
wonder how paving(铺砌) a
road can lead to less usable fresh water. A major
part of the water
we use every day is
groundwater. Groundwater does not come from lakes
or comes from
underground. The more roads and
parking lots we pave，the less water can flow into
the ground to
become groundwater.
Human
activity is not responsible for all water
shortages(短缺). Drier climates are of
course
more likely to have droughts(干旱) than areas with
more rainfall，but in any case, good
management can help to make sure there is
enough water to meet our basic needs.
Thinking about the way we use water every day can
make a big difference，too. In the
United
States，a family of four can use 1.5 tons of water
a day! This shows how much we depend on
water
to live，but there's a lot we can do to lower the
number.
You can take steps to save water in
your start with，use the same glass for your
drinking water all it only once a your
dishwasher (洗碗机)only when it is full.
Help
your parents fix any leaks in your home. You can
even help to keep our water supply clean by
recycling batteries instead of throwing them
away.
60．Which of the following is most likely
to lead to less groundwater?
A．Using river
water.
B．Throwing batteries away.
C．Paving parking lots.
D．Throwing rubbish
into lakes.
61．What can be inferred from the
text?
A．All water shortages are due to human
behavior.
B．It takes a lot of effort to meet
our water needs.
C．There is much we can do to
reduce family size.
D．The average family in
America makes proper use of water.
62．The last
paragraph is intended to ________．
A．show us how to fix leaks at home
B．tell
us how to run a dishwasher
C．prove what
drinking glass is best for us
D．suggest what
we do to save water at home
63. The text is
mainly about ________．
A．why paving
roads reduces our water
B．how much we depend
on water to live
C．why droughts occur more in
dry climates
D．how human activity affects our
water supply
【要点综述】
人类活动对地球水资源供给的影响巨大，人类应该通过调整自身的活动方
式来改变自身的生存环境。
60．C 细节理解题。根据第一段“The more roads and parking
lots we pave, the less water can
flow into the
ground to become groundwater.”可知，铺设马路、停车场会导致地下水减少，
而A、
B、D三项都会导致水的供应量减少，而不是地下水减少，故排除。
61．B
推理判断题。根据第二段中的“good management”、第三段中的“the way we
use
water every day”，以及第四段中的“take steps to
save water in your
home”可知，为满足我们用水
的需求，需要做的努力还有很多。
62．D
推理判断题。根据题干中的关键词“last paragraph”定位到该段第一句“You can
take
steps to save water in your
home.”，且它后面的内容都是围绕这个主题句展开的。
63．D
主旨大意题。根据题干中的关键词“mainly about”定位到全文的内容。文章第一段
讲的是
“铺设马路、停车场会导致地下水减少”，后三段讲述了“为了满足我们的用水需求，
我们能做些什么”
。所有这些讲的都是人类活动对地球水资源供给的影响，故选D。
C7 [2013·安徽卷] D
“People are ruder
today because they are rushed and more ‘time poor’
than ever
before，” says Patsy Rowe,
“Manners_have_fallen_off_the_radar(雷达)．” Due to
our strong
attraction to electronic equipment
it is a wonder more people don't wake up each
morning and greet
the singing birds with a
complaint(抱怨)about the noise. Here are some
examples of rudeness.
Some people prefer to
do almost everything over the Internet. To them,
dealing with an
actual human is like an
evolutionary step backward. It feels very slow
because humans don't work at
4G speeds.
When you have dinner with friends, you will often
notice someone paying more attention
to his
mobile phone. We have programmed ourselves to
think that every new message brings
life－
changing news, so taking calls and
checking our texts are more important than talking
to the people
we are with. What is worse, some
people even tend to send anonymous(匿名的) rude
messages by
email.
However, rudeness
is never acceptable. Don't assume it is OK to be
rude if the person
you're in touch with won't
recognize you. If you have something awful to say,
have the courage to
face the person and say
it, write a letter or email and sign it, or forget
it. Upsetting people with
unsigned messages is
cruel and disgusting.
We shouldn't blame
technology for our logy is here to help us，but we
should not allow it to take over our lives. An
important step is acknowledging our
spend a
lot of time pointing out bad manners but it would
be even more helpful
if we'd publicly
acknowledge good manners when we see them.
68．What can be inferred from the underlined
sentence in Paragraph 1?
A．People can tell
good from bad behavior.
B．Radar is able to
observe human behavior.
C．People care little
about their behavior.
D．Radar can be used to
predict human behavior.
69．Some people are
less willing to deal with humans because ________．
A．they are becoming less patient
B．they
are growing too independent
C．they have to
handle many important messages
D．they have to
follow an evolutionary step backward
70．The
author thinks sending unsigned awful messages is
________．
A．ridiculous B．disgusting
C．acceptable D．reasonable
71．What can we
learn from the last paragraph?
A．We should
applaud good behavior.
B．Technology can never
be blamed.
C．We should keep pointing out
mistakes.
[来源:]
D．Technology
will take over our lives one day.
【要点综述】 科技的发展
改变了人们的生活方式。许多人变得冷酷无礼了，他们不愿意
与别人交流，整天宅在家里上网。
68．C 句意理解题。根据第一段“People are ruder today
because they are rushed and more
‘time poor'
than ever before”可知，“现在的人变得更加没有礼貌”，而画线句是对该句作补
充
说明的，意思是“现在的人们不注意自己的行为举止(礼貌行为用雷达都探测不到)”，故选
C。
[来源:]
69．A 推理判断题。根据题干中“less willing to
deal with humans”定位到文章第二段中第
二、三句内容。由此可知，有些人不愿意跟
人打交道是嫌人太慢(feels very slow)，达不到4G
速度(don't work
at 4G speeds)。也就是说，这些人变得缺乏耐心。故选A。
70．B
细节理解题。根据题干中“unsigned awful
messages”定位到第三段最后一句
“Upsetting people with
unsigned messages is cruel and
disgusting.”。由线索定位中的句子可知，
发一些不署名的恶俗信息很令人厌烦。
71．A 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“„it would be even more
helpful if we'd publicly
acknowledge good
manners when we see
them.”可知，作者认为，我们应该为那些礼貌行为喝
彩。故选A。