雅思口语预测-儿童祝福语大全

三年（2017-2019）高考真题英语分项汇编
专题17 阅读理解新题型


1.
【
2019·
全国卷
I
】

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Is Fresh Air Really Good for You?
We all grew up hearing people tell us to “go out and get some fresh air.” ____36____ According to recent
studies
，
the answer is a big YES
，
if the air quality in your camping area is good.
___37___ If the air you’re breathing is clean-which it would be if you’re away from the smog of cities-then
the air is filled with life-giving
，
energizing oxygen. If you exercise out of doors
，
your body will learn to breathe
more deeply
，
allowing even more oxygen to get to your muscles(
肌肉
)and your brain.
Recently
，
people have begun studying the connection between the natural world and healing(
治愈
).
_____38_____ In these places patients can go to be near nature during their recovery. It turns out that just looking
at green
，
growing things can reduce stress
，
lower blood pressure
，
and put people into a better mood(
情绪
).Greenery
is good for us. Hospital patients Who see tree branches out their window are likely to recover at a faster rate than
patients who see buildings or sky instead. ______39______ It gives us a great feeling of peace.
___40___While the sun's rays can age and harm our skin, they also give is beneficial Vitamin D. To make sure
you get enough Vitamin D—but still protect your skin— put on sunscreen right as you head outside. It takes
sunscreen about fifteen minutes to start working, and that's plenty of time for your skin to absorb a day's worth of
Vitamin D.
A. Fresh air cleans our lungs.
B. So what are you waiting for?
C. Being in nature refreshes us.
D. Another side benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight.
E. But is fresh air really as good for you as your mother always said?
F. Just as importantly, we tend to associate air with health care.
G. All across the country, recovery centers have begun building Healing Gardens.
I
．阅读理解七选五

一、
2019
年高考真题

【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了新鲜空气的好处：新鲜空气中的氧气，阳光对人们的身心健康均有好处。人们已经开始利用大自然和治愈疾病的关系，建造
“
康复花园
”< br>，治疗病人了。

36.E
根据下一句中的
“the answer is a big YES”
可知，该空应该是一个一般疑问句，选项中只有
E
选项是 一般疑问
句。故选
E
：但是新鲜空气真得像你母亲说的那样对你有好处吗？空前的people tell us to “go out and get some
fresh air”
和选项中的
“your mother always said”
亦是呼应。

37.A
根据下一句中提到的
“If the air you’re breathing is clean…the air is filled with life-giving, energizing oxygen”
可知，新鲜空气充满赋予人生命的，充满活力的氧气。下文中
“…breathe more deeply, allowing more oxygen to get
to your muscles and your brain”
是对前文的递进：在户外，更多的氧气进入你的肌肉 和大脑。根据前面的分析
可以推知，该空应该提到新鲜空气的基本作用，根据常识，我们知道吸入的空气 首先进入的是肺部，然后
才会使我们的肌肉和大脑受益，故该空应选
A
选项：新鲜空气 清洁我们的肺部。

38.G
根据下一句中提到的
“these pla ces”
可以推知，该空应该提到表示地点的复数名词。选项中只有
G
选项提到该类名词，故选项
G
：在全国，康复中心已经开始建造
“
康复花园
”
。
these places
就是指
Healing Gardens
。

39.C
前文介绍的是
“
康复花园
”
中的绿色植物对于病人康复的好的作用：绿色的正在成长的植物可以减轻压力，降
低 血压，使人情绪良好。空后提到
“
它给我们一种平和感
”
。该空起承上启下的 作用，仍然要提到处于
“
康复

花园
”
这种自然环境中的好 处，空后的
it
也要指代这种情况。故
C
选项切题：身处大自然可以使人精神 焕发。
40.D
根据下文中提到的
“the sun’s rays…give us beneficial Vitamin D”
可知，该段介绍的阳光的好处。故该选项应该提到阳光。选项中只有
D
选项涉及阳光。故选
D
：获得新鲜空气的另一个 好处是阳光。


2.
【
2019·
全国卷
II
】

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Imagine a child standing on a diving board four feet high and asking himself the question:“Should I jump?
This is what motivation or the lack of it can do. Motivation and goal setting are the two sides of same coin.
___36___Like the child on the diving board, you will stay undecided.

___37___ More than that, how should you stay motivated to achieve the goal? First, you need to evaluate
yourself , your values your strengths, your weaknesses, your achievements, your desires ,etc. Only then should your
you’re your goals
You also need to judge the quality and depth of your motivation. This is quite important, because it is directly
related to your commitment. There are times when your heart is not in your work. ___38___ So, slow down and
think what you really want to do at that moment. Clarity(
清晰
)of thoughts can help you move forward.
Another way of setting realistic goals is to analyze your short and long term objectives, keeping in mind your
beliefs, values and strengths. Remember that goals are flexible.____39____ They also need to be measurable. You
must keep these points in mind while setting your goals.
Your personal circumstances are equally important. For example, you may want to be a Pilot but can’t become
one because your eyesight is not good enough.____40____You should reassess your goals, and motivate yourself to
set a fresh goal.
You will surely need to overcome some difficulties, some planned, but most unplanned. You cannot overcome
them without ample motivation. Make sure that you plan for these difficulties at the time of setting your goals.
A. This can affect your work.
B. So how should you motivate yourself?
C. However, this should not discourage you.
D. So why should we try to set specific goals?
E. They can change according to circumstances.
F. Motivation is what you need most to do a good job.
G. Without motivation you can neither set a goal nor reach it

【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章作者对于怎样设定具体目标，给出了一些方法。

36.G
上文说
“
动机和目标设定是同一枚硬币的两面
”
。下文说
“
就像孩子在跳水台，难以决定
”
。该空承上启下，
G< br>选项
“
没有目标，你就既不能设定目标，也无法实现它
”
切题，故选< br>G
。

37.B
下文说
“
不仅如此，你应该如何 为实现你的目标保持积极性
”
。该空引出下文，
B
选项
“
那 么你应该如何激励
自己呢
”
切题，故选
B
。

38.A

上文说
“
有时候你的心不 在工作上
”
，下文说
“
所以，减慢速度，想一想那时候，你到底想干什么”
。该空承上
启下，
A
选项
“
这会影响你的工作
”
切题，故选
A
。

39.E
上文说
“
记得，目标是灵活的
”
。该空承接上文，
E
选项
“
它们会 根据环境的改变而改变
”
切题，故选
E
。

40.C
上文说
“
你可能想当一名飞行员，但是不能成为一名飞行员，因为你的视力不够好。< br>”
下文说
“
你应该重新评
估你的目标，并且设定一个新的目标
”
。该空承上启下，
C
选项
“
然而，这也不要使你沮丧
”< br>切题，故选
C
。

3.
【
2019·
全国卷
III
】

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

In an online class, developing healthy patterns of communication with professors is very important. ___36___
While I have only listed two of each, there are obviously many other situations that can arise. Students should be
able to extend the logic(
逻辑
)of each to their particular circumstance.
Do's
• ___37___ Questions about subject content are generally welcomed. Before asking questions about the course
design, read the syllabus(
教学大纲
)and learning management system information to be sure the answer isn't hiding
in plain sight.
• Participate in discussion forums(
论坛
), blogs and other open-ended forums for dialogue. ___38___ Be sure
to stay on topic and not offer irrelevant information. Make a point, and make it safe for others to do the same.
Don'ts
• Don't share personal information or stories. Professors are not trained nurses, financial aid experts or your
best friends. If you are in need of a deadline extension, simply explain the situation to the professor. ___39___
• Don't openly express annoyance at a professor or class. ___40___ When a student attacks a professor on the
social media, the language used actually says more about the student. If there is truly a concern about a professor's
professionalism or ability, be sure to use online course evaluations to calmly offer your comments.
A. That's what they are for.
B. Turn to an online instructor for help.
C. If more information is needed, they will ask.
D. Remember that online professors get a lot of emails.
E. Below are some common do's and don' ts for online learners.

F. Everyone has taken a not- so-great class at one time or another.
G. Ask questions, but make sure they are good, thoughtful questions.
【语篇解读】本文为说明文。在网络课堂上，与教授建立健康的交流模式是非常 重要的，作者在文中
列举了一些规矩与禁忌。

36.E
根据文章段落结构和本段首句
In an online class, developing healthy patterns of communication with professors
is very important
，可知，在网络课堂上，与教授 建立健康的交流模式是非常重要的，作者在下文中列举了一
些规矩与禁忌，故选项
E
符 合语境。

37.G
根据其后一句
Questions about subject content are generally welcomed.
（与课程内容相 关的问题是受欢迎的），
解释了什么样的问题是好问题，可知，与
G
项
“ma ke sure they are good, thoughtful questions”
相呼 应，要提一
些好的令人深思的问题，故选
G
。

38.A
根据前一句
Participate in discussion forums
（论坛）
, blogs and other open-ended forums for dialogue.
可知，要
参与论坛讨论、博客和其他开放式的对话 论坛。而这正是网络课堂采用的交流的途径，故选
A
。

39.C
根据本段
Professors are not trained nurses, financial aid experts or your best friends
教授不是 训练有素的护士，
不是经济援助专家，也不是你最好的朋友，可知，不要分享个人信息或故事，如果他们 需要更多信息的话，
他们会主动问起的，故选项
C
符合语境。

40.F
通读本段，并根据本段主题句
Don’t openly express annoyance at a professor or class.
告诫读者，每个人都可能< br>曾经上过不太好的课，不要在社交媒体上攻击教授，不要公开表达对教授或班级的不满，要利用课程评价< br>冷静地提出你的意见。选项
F
符合上下文语境。

4.
【
2019·
北京卷】

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Much of the work in today’s world is accomplished(
完成
)in teams. Most people believe the best way to build
a great team is to gather a group of the most talented individuals._____46_____Companies spend millions hiring
top business people. Is their money well spent
？

___47___They focused on football
，
basketball and baseball. The results are mixed For football and basketball
，

adding talented players to a team proves a good method
，
but only up to the point where 70% of the players are top
talent
；
above that level, the team’s performance begins to decline. Interestingly
，
this trend isn’t evident in baseball.
where additional individual talent keeps improving the team’s performance.
To explain this phenomenon
，
the researchers explored the degree to which a good performance by a team
requires its members to coordinate(
协调
)their actions.______48______In baseball
，
the performance of individual
players is less dependent on teammates. They conclude that when task interdependence is high
，
team performance
will suffer when there is too much talent
，
while individual talent will have positive effects on team performance
when task interdependence is lower. If a basketball star is. for example
，
trying to gain a high personal point total
，
he may take a shot himself when it would be better to pass the ball to a teammate
，
affecting the team's performance.
Young children learning to play team sports are often told
，
“There is no I in TEAM.”___49___
Another possibility is that when there is a lot of talent on a team
，
some players may make less effort. Just as in
a game of tug-of- war(
拔河比赛
)
，
whenever a person is added
，
everyone else pulls the rope with less force.
___50___.An A-team may require a balance-not just A players
，
but a few generous B players as well.
A. It's not a simple matter to determine the nature of talent.
B. Sports team owners spend millions of dollars attracting top talent
C. The group interaction and its effect drew the researchers' attention.
D. Stars apparently do not follow this basic principle of sportsmanship.
E. Several recent studies examined the role of talent in the sports world.
F. Building up a dream team is more complex than simply hiring the best talent.
G. This task interdependence distinguishes baseball from football and basketball.
【语篇解读】这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章主要讲了建立一支最佳阵容球队 比简单地雇佣最优秀的

人才要复杂得多。一支一流球队可能需要一种平衡
——
不仅仅是最好球员，也需要一些优雅量的普通球员。
46.B
上文说
“
大 多数人相信建立一个伟大团队的最好方法就是聚集一群最有天赋的人

个人
”
。下文说
“
公司花费数百万雇佣顶级商业人士。
”
该空承上启下，也是在举例 ，
B
选项
“
运动队老板花费
数百万美元吸引顶尖人才。
”< br>切题，故选
B
。

47.E
下文说
“
他们 专注于足球、篮球和篮球。结果有好有坏。
”
该空引出下文，
E
选项
“
最近的几项研究调查了体
育世界中人才的作用。
”
切题，故选
E< br>。

48.G
上文说
“
为了解释这一现象，研究人员探索了一场好的表现要求队员们协调他们行动的程度
”
，下文说 明了研
究结果，该空承上启下，
G
选项
“
这项任务的相互依赖性使棒 球区别于足球和篮球。
”
切题，故选
G
。

49.D 上文说了
“
一个球星为了个人得分，而影响团队的表现
”
，该空承接上文 ，
D
选项
“
球星显然没有遵守运动员
精神的基本原则
”切题，故选
D
。

50.F
”
该空引出下文说
“
一支一流球队可能需要一种平衡
——
不仅仅是最好球员，也需要一些优雅量的普通 球员。
下文，
F
选项
“
建立一支最佳阵容球队比简单地雇佣最优秀的 人才要复杂得多。
”
切题，故选
F
。

5.
【
2019·
浙江卷】

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Rock music consists of many different styles. Even though there is a common spirit among all music groups,
they make very different music. ___31___ At that time the Beatles entered the world of music from Liverpool.
After they were given an invitation to appear live on BBC, the Beatles quickly became famous in Britain with
nationwide tours. By mid-1963, the Beatles had been extremely popular in England. ___32___ They held large
concerts and performed at clubs. They became the hottest thing on the pop music scene in England. They began as
a modestly successful musician group and ended the year as show business legends(
传说
). John Lennon and Paul
McCartney were named composers of the year.
___33___ They were not sure how the Americans would react to the new type of music. Beatlemania hit New
York on February 7, 1964. Hundreds of fans jammed the airport to greet them. ___34___ The concert was
broadcast live and attracted the largest one night audience in the history of television up to that time. The Beatles
were described as a British invasion(
入侵
)by local and nationwide newspapers at that time. Their victory in
America was still remembered as a major turning point in the history of rock and roll. Thanks to the Beatles, a lot
of opportunities were opened up to new faces on the market. ___35___
A. They decided on a tour to the United States in 1964.
B. Even their hairstyles became major trends at that time.
C. Rock music developed in the 1950s and the early 1960s.
D. However, their songs changed the lives of generations to come.
E. Many rock bands were able to follow in the footsteps of the Beatles.

F. They appeared in the films A Hard Day's Night(1964)and Help
！
(1965).
G. They performed their first concert in America at CBS television's 53rd street studio.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文中讲述了披头士的发展和影响，引领了一种潮流趋势。

31. C
第一段讲述摇滚音乐，根据空后的
at that time
可知前句提到了时间，而且与
rock music
有关，选项中只有
C
项讲的是摇滚音乐，并且讲述了其发展的时间，故选
C
。

32. B
空前后都是讲述披头士的出名程度，根据空前
extremely popular in England,
以及后文的
they became the
hottest thing
可知此处描述了他们的影响，选项
B
（甚至他们的发型在那时也成为了一 种潮流）符合文意，
且关键词
even
是一个提示，故选
B
。

33.A
根据空后
They were not sure how the Americans would react to the new type of music.
（他们不确定美国人怎样
反应），可知他们首次来美国演出，所以
A
项（决定首次到 美国开巡回演出）符合文意，故选
A
。

34. G
根据空后
The concert was broadcast live…
可知前 句中应该出现
concert
，选项
G
中的关键词
their first concert
前后呼应。故选
G
。

35. E
根据空前（由于披头士，市场上出现了很多机会），
E
项（很多新乐队（新面孔）都是 模仿披头士），符合逻
辑。故选
E
。

II
．阅读理解新题型

1.
阅读表达

（
2019·
天津卷）阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。

Haze Mabry
，
who has worked as a school keeper for thirteen years
，
walks into the school building every day
and empties garbage cans
，
wipes down bathrooms and mops wet messes in the hallways.
Last Friday
，
after he arrived at the school
，
instead of finding garbage to clean up
，
he found almost 800 students
lining the hallways with handmade cards
，
blowing noisemakers and singing a full-throated happy birthday to him. It
was his 80th. As he walked the long hallway
，
some popped out of lime to hug him. They handed him so many cards
that they filled several large boxes. Touched by their enthusiastic expression of affection. Mabry thanked them all.

，

On a regular day
，
students at the school sometimes come up to him to say they're not feeling well or other
times to tell him about something that happened at break. He knows most of the kids at the school
，
but can't name
each one. Some of them make him know them. Like Faith
，
who often forgets her backpack in the cafeteria
，
and
Lucy
，
who just wants a hug.
“He won't brag
（夸耀）
on himself
，
but it doesn't matter what he's doing or where he is
，
he will always stop
what he's doing to take care of a child if that child is having a bad day. If a child approaches him
，
he will pause to
give that child his undivided attention. He's the most loved one in this building
，

，
a reading
teacher.
Mabry works circles around all the students
，
cleaning up messes others don't want to touch. He doesn't expect
a lot. Mabry said he hadn't planned to do much for his milestone birthday
，
so he was happy the students had
prepared the surprise celebration.
Over the weekend
，
he worked through the piles of handmade cards at his house. One card from a student stood
out to him. It read: “Mr. Haze
，
you are my sunshine.”
56. What is Mabry's daily work as a school keeper
？（
no more than 5 words
）

57. How did the students celebrate Mabry's birthday
？（
no more than 15 words
）

58. What does the underlined word in Paragraph 2 probably mean
？（
1 word
）

59. Why is Mabry's presence at the school important
？（
no more than 10 words
）

60. Who is the
？
Please explain.
（
no more than 20 words
）
< br>【语篇解读】本文为记叙文。文中记叙了一位清洁工
Mabry
，他的日常工作就是清扫 学校大楼。
Mabry
爱学生，关心学生。学生们也尊敬他，喜欢他。在他
80生日那天，学生们用自己的方式祝贺他的生日，表
达了对
Mabry
的热爱。
56.
【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段
“Haze Mabry, who has works as a school keeper for thirteen years, walks into
the school building every day and empty garbage cans, wipes down bathrooms, and mops wet messes in the
hallways.”
可知
Haze Mabry
是一位清洁工，
Cleaning
他的日常工作就是清扫学校大楼。因此本句的答案可为：
the (school) building
；
Or
：
doing
（
the
）
cleaning
；

Or: He cleans the (school)building
；
Or: He does (the) cleaning.
57.
【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段
“Last Friday,...he found almost 800 students lining the hallways with handmade

cards, blowing noisemakers and singing a full-throated happy birthday to him.
和
some popped out of line to hug
him.”
可知，上个周五，他发现几乎有
800
名学生在走廊里排队，拿着手制卡片，吹口哨，为他唱了一首响
亮的生日快乐歌，拥抱他。因此答案为：

By lining the hallways, blowing noisemakers, singing a song, handing him cards, and hugging him.
Or: By lining the hallways with (handmade) cards, blowing noisemakers, singing a song, and hugging him.
Or: They lined the hallways, blew noisemakers, sang a song, handed him cards, and hugged him.
Or: They lined the hallways with (handmade) card, blew noisemakers, sang a song, handed him cards, and hugged
him.
58.
猜测题意题。根据第二段学生们为
Ma bry
庆祝生日的方式和划线词后的内容
“Mabry thanked them all,”
以及
“They’re like my children.”
可知
Mabry
爱学生，把学生当作自己的孩子。那么学生 们也表达了他们对
Mabry
的热爱。因此
Mabry
被学生的爱所感动，故 所以的
“affection”
相当于
“Love”
，故填
love
。

Or: liking.
Or: Fondness.
59.
【解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的内容
“...he will always stop what he’s doing to take care of a
child if that child is having a bad day. If a child approaches him, he will pause to give that boy his
undivided attention. He’s the most loved one in this building.”
以及最后一段
“Mabry works circles
around all the students, cleaning up messes others don’t want to touch. He doesn’t expect a lot.”
可知，
Mabry
关心爱护孩子，帮助孩子，是一个善良、热心的人。一个不怕脏不怕累、勤奋

工作的人。因此答案为：

(Because) he lovescares about
（
the
）
students and works hard.
Or: (Because) he loves the students and devoted to his work.
Or: (Because) he is kindcaring helping to the students, and hard- working.
Or: (Because) he is regarded as a kind warm-hearted helpfulcaring and hard-working man.
60.
考查学生的观察综合表达能力。本题的题目：
who is the
谁是你生活中的阳光？只要

在生活或学习中帮助过你，关心你、爱护你的，鼓励你，安慰你的都可称为
your sunshine
。因此答案可为：
My fathermother.(Because) heshe loves me and encouraged me when I’m facedconfronted with difficulties.

Or: My teacher.(Because) heshe cares about me and prepares me for my future career.
Or: My friend.(Because) heshe brings me joyhappiness and gives me a lot of comfort help encouragement.
2.
任务型阅读

（
2019·
江苏卷）请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。

注意
:
请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填一个单词。

The Cost of Thinking
Despite their many differences, all human beings share several defining characteristics. such as large brains
and the ability to walk upright on two legs.
The first unique human characteristic is that humans have extraordinarily large brains compared with other
animals. It seems obvious that evolution should select for larger brains. Mammals(
哺乳动物
)weighing sixty
kilograms have an average brain size of 200 cm
2
. Modern man has a brain averaging 1200-1400 cm
2
. We are so
fond of our high intelligence that we assume that when it comes to brain power, more must be better. Unfortunately,
that is not the case.
The fact is that a huge brain is a huge drain—consumption of energy—on the body. I's not easy to carry
around, especially when boxed inside a massive skull(
倾骨
). It's even harder to provides energy. In modern man,
the brain accounts for about 2-3%of total body weight but it consumes 25% of the body's energy when the body is
at rest. By comparison, the brains of apes(
类人猿
)require only 8%of rest-time energy. Early humans pad for their
large brains in two ways. Firstly, they spent more time in search food. Secondly, their muscles grew smaller and
weaker. It's hardly an obvious conclusion that this is a good way to survive. A chimpanzee(
黑猩猩
) can't win an
argument with a modern man, but it can tear the man apart like a rag doll.
Another unique human characteristic is that we walk upright. Standing up, it's easier to find food or enemies.
In addition, their arms that are unnecessary for moving around are freed for other purposes, like throwing stones or
signaling. As a result, humans can perform very complex tasks with their hands.
Yet walking upright has its disadvantage. The bone structure of our ancestors developed for millions of years
to support a creature that walked on all fours and has a relatively small head. Adjusting to an upright position was
quite a challenge, especially when the bones had to support an extra-large skull. Humankind paid for its broad
vision and skillful hands backaches and painful necks.
We assume that a large brain makes huge advantages. It seems obvious that these have made humankind the
most powerful animal on earth. But humans enjoyed all of these advantages for a full 2 million years during which

they remained weak and marginal creature. Thus humans who lived a million years ago despite their big brains
and sharp stone tools, lived in constant fear of meat-eating animals.
The Cost of Thinking
• Large brains for their bodies and the ability to walk upright are two
Introduction
___71___ of human beings.
• The larger brains may not be better because of the cost.
The ___72___ of large
energy.
human brains
• The animal brain requires less ___73___ when the body is at rest.
• Large human brains consume more food, and weaken muscles.
,
• The big brains make it harder for the body to move around and consume more
• Walking upright makes it easy to find food or ___75___ against enemies.
• Freed hands can serve some ___76___ purpose and perform complex tasks.
The ___74___ of
walking upright
• Walking upright challenges the human bone structure, and ___77___ the
size of brains.
• Walking upright results in ___78___ sufferings.
• With a large brain, human beings ___79___ other beings in terms of
Conclusion intelligence.
• Weak and marginal, human beings remained ___80___ of meat-eating animals. < br>【语篇解读】本文为记叙文。主要叙述人用大脑思考的代价。人类与动物相比有两大特点：大大的大
脑和直立行走。超大的大脑使人类拥有更高的智商，但却消耗巨大的能量。直立行走让人类擅长寻找食物
和抵御敌人，解放了的双手来更复杂的事。但却让人类遭受腰痛和颈部疼痛等。人类成为地球上最强大的
动物，享受无与伦比的优势，却对食肉动物怀有恐惧。

71. characteristics
【解析】考查信息归纳。根据第一段
“all human beings share defining characteristics ,such as large brains and the
ability to walk upright on two legs.”
可知，大脑袋和双腿直立行走的能力是人类共有的特点< br>(characteristics)
。故
填
characteristics
。

72. disadvantages

【解析】考查信息归纳。
72
题就是对第三段内容的总结。第三段主要叙述 了人类的大脑大的缺点。因此本
空格填写
disadvantages
。

73. energy
【解析】考查信息来源。根据第三段中的
“a huge brain is a huge drain--consumption of energy ”
以及
“It (the brain)
consumes 25% of the body’s energy when the body is at comparison the brains of apes require only 8% of
rest- time energy”
可知，人类巨大的大脑是一个巨大的能量消耗。

当身体处于休息时， 大脑要消耗
25%
的身
体能量。相比之下，类人猿的大脑只需要
8%
的休息时间能量。人类与动物相比，动物需要的能量（
energy
）
要比人类少。故 填
energy
。

74. impact(s)
【解析】考查信息归纳题。分析空后的
75--78
小题所在的第五段和第六段的内容 可知，此部分主要叙述了
直立行走对人类的影响。故填
impact(s)
。

75. guard
【解析】考查信息转换。根据第五段的第一句
“Another unique human characteristic is that we walk upright.
Standing up, it’s easier to find food or enemies.”
可知，另一个独特的人类特征是我们直立行走。站起来，更容
易找到 食物或敌人。找到敌人，就是为了防御敌人。因为
or
为连词，在此句中连结两个动词短语，故 空格
填动词。
“guard against...”
为固定搭配，意为
“< br>防御
......”
，故本空填写
guard
。

76. other
考查信息来源。根据第五段中的
”...their arms that are unnecessary for moving around are freed for
other purposes ,like throwing stones or signaling. As a result, humans can perform very complex tasks with their
hands. ”
可知，解放了的双手 可以用于做其它的事，即有其它的目的。故填
other
。

77. limits
【解析】考查信息归纳。根据第五段
“walking upright has disadvantages. The bone structure of our ancestors
developed for millions of years to support a creature that walked on four and a relative small head. Adjusting to an
upright position was quite a challenge , especially when the bones had to support an extra -large skull.” < br>可知，直立
行走也有缺点。我们祖先进化了上百亿年，
⻣
骼也只能支撑四肢行走 和有一个相对较小的头。直立行走对
人类的骨架是一个相当大的挑战，限制了人的头脑的大小。故本空填
limits
。

78. physical
【解析】考查信息转换。根据第六段
“..., Humankind paid for its vision and skillful hands with backaches and
painful necks.”
可知，直立对人类的骨架是一个相当大的挑战，人类为自己 的视力和灵巧的双手付出了代价，
换来的是腰酸背痛和脖子疼痛。由此得出，直立导致身体方面的
(physical)
痛苦，故填
physical
。

79. beat
【解析】根据最后一段
“We assume that a large brain makes huge advantages. It seems obvious that these have
made humankind the most powerful animal on earth.”
可知，我们假设大脑越大，优势越大。很明显，这些使
得人类成为地球上 最强大的动物。由此可推断出我们的大脑比动物大，在智力方面人类比动物更聪明，即
在智力方面击败了
(beat)
其他动物。故本空填
beat
。

80. fearfulafraid
【解析】根据最后一段
“...humans enjoyed all of these advantages for a full 2 million years during which they weak
and marginal creatures. Thus humans who lived a million years ago, despite their big brains and sharp stone tools,
lived in constant fear of meat--eating animals.”
可知，尽 管人类享受着所有这些优势，但也是弱小的生物。因此
尽管拥有巨大的大脑和锋利的石器，但也曾经对食 肉动物仍旧害怕

恐惧。因为空前是系动词，故本空要填
形容词
(afraid fearful)
可知，此处要填名词，故填
fearfulafraid
。


二、
2018
年高考真题

1.
【
2018·
全国卷
I
】

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Color is fundamental in home design — something you’ll always have in every room. A grasp of how to
manage color in your spaces is one of the first steps to creating rooms you’ll love to live in. Do you want a room
that’s full of life? Professional? Or are you just looking for a place to relax after a long day?____36____, color is
the key to making a room feel the way you want it to feel.
Over the years, there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach this important
point.____37____, they can get a little complex .But good news is that there’re really only three kinds of decisions
you need to make about color in your home: the small ones, the medium ones, and the large ones.
____38____. They’re the little spots of color like throw pillows ,mirrors and baskets that most of us use to add
visual interest to our rooms .Less tiring than painting your walls and less expensive than buying a colorful
sofa ,small color choices bring with them the significant benefit of being easily changeable .
Medium color choices are generally furniture pieces such as sofas, dinner tables or bookshelves ____39____.
They require a bigger commitment than smaller ones, and they have a more powerful effect on the feeling of a
space.
The large color decisions in your rooms concern the walls, ceilings, and floors .Whether you’re looking at

wallpaper or paint, the time, effort and relative expense put into it are significant.____40____.
A. While all of them are useful
B. Whatever you’re looking for
C. If you’re experimenting with a color
D. Small color choices are the ones we’re most familiar with
E. It’s not really a good idea to use too many small color pieces
F. So it pays to be sure, because you want to get it right the first time
G. Color choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了室内设计中颜色的选择问题。
36.B 【解析】36题以逗号结尾，后面另起一个简单句，可以从句子结构排除D、E、F、G项 。根据前文
的三个问句可知，此处是从中选择一种。故选B（不管你寻找哪一种） 。
37.A 【解析】前文：在过去的许多年里，有许多技术帮助设计者实现这一要点；下文：它们有点 复杂。所
以A（然而他们都很有用）承上启下。符合题意。
38.D 【解析】本空是一个 主题句，总说选择小颜色是我们很熟悉的方法。后文分说小颜色的具体用途。
故选D。
39.G 【解析】根据前文“中型颜色选择通常是指一些例如沙发，餐桌或者书架等家具的颜色选择 ”接着表明
这种范围的颜色选择是对小型颜色选择在两种方式上的进一步提示，故选G。
40. F 【解析】前文the time, effort and relative expense put into it are significant你所付诸的时间、精力和相
关的费用是巨大的。后文F那肯定是值得的，因为你想第一次把它弄好。故选F。
2.
【
2018·
全国卷
II
】

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

If you are already making the time to exercise, it is good indeed! With such busy lives, it can be hard to try and
find the time to work out. ___36___ Working out in the morning provides additional benefits beyond being
physically fit.
Your productivity is improved. Exercising makes you more awake and ready to handle whatever is ahead of
you for the day.___37___
Your metabolism(
新陈代谢
) gets a head start. ___38___ If you work out in the mornings, then you will be
getting the calorie(
卡路里
)burning benefits for the whole day, not in your sleep.
___39___ Studies found that people who woke up early for exercise slept better than those who exercised in

the evening. Exercise energizes you, so it is more difficult to relax and have a peaceful sleep when you are very
excited.
___40___ If you work out bright and early in the morning, you will be more likely to stick to healthy food
choices throughout the day. Who would want to ruin their good workout by eating junk food? You will want to
continue to focus on positive choices.
There are a lot of benefits to working out, especially in the mornings. Set your alarm clock an hour early and
push yourself to work out! You will feel energized all day long.
A. You will stick to your diet.
B. Your quality of sleep improves.
C. You prefer healthy food to fast food.
D. There is no reason you should exercise in the morning.
E. You can keep your head clear for 4-10 hours after exercise.
F. After you exercise, you continue to burn calories throughout the day.
G. If you are planning to do exercise regularly, or you’re doing it now, then listen up!
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。列举 了早晨锻炼对人体的四条好处，号召人们早点起床，进行身体锻
炼。

36.G < br>【解析】根据空前的内容
“
生活忙碌没有时间锻炼
”
和空后的内容“
晨练除了身体健康之外，还能带来
其他好处
”
，下文接着列举了晨练的 其他好处。由此可知，此处缺一个承上启下句。
G
项中
then listen up!
（那么请仔细听
!
）很好的起到了承上启下的作用。故选
G
。

37.E
【解析】根据上一句
Exercising makes you more awake
（锻炼能让你更清醒），
E
项（你可以在运动后保持头脑清醒
4-10
个小时。）是对上一句的进一步解释。故选
E
。
38.F
【解析】空前句子是本段的主题句，晨练是新陈代谢的开始，空后句子说如果 晨练，则你会得到卡路
里一整天都在燃烧的益处，
F
项（锻炼之后，你一整天都在燃烧 卡路里。）是空后句子的根据，空后
句子是对
F
项的进一步延伸。故选
F。

39.B
【解析】此处缺一个主题句。空后句子解释了早起锻炼的人比晚上 锻炼的人睡得更好。
B
项（你的睡
眠质量提高了。）是对后面内容的总述。故选
B
。

40.A
【解析】根据空后句子
“If you work out bright and early in the morning, you will be more likely to stick to
healthy food choices throughout the day.
（如果你在早晨锻炼身体，你将更有可能坚 持健康的食物选
择。）
”
，
A
项
(
你将坚持你的饮 食。
)
符合本段内容，是主题句，起到统领下文的作用。故选
A
。

3.
【
2018·
全国
III
】

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Before there was the written word, there was the language of dance. Dance expresses love and hate, joy and
sorrow ,life and death, and everything else in between.
___36___We dance from Florida to Alaska, from north to south and sea to sea. We dance at weddings,
birthdays , office parties and just to fill the time.
“I adore dancing,” says Lester Bridges, the owner of a dance studio in Iowa. “I can't imagine doing anything
else with my life. runs dance classes for all ages.
watch them. For many of them, it's a way of meeting people and having a social life.
___38___
They arrive at the class in low spirits and they leave with a smile. _____39_____”
So, do we dance in order to make ourselves feel better, calmer, healthier? Andrea Hillier says,“Dance, like the
pattern of a beating heart, is life. Even after all these years, I want to get better and better.____40____ I find it hard
to stop! Dancing reminds me I'm alive.
A. So why do we dance?
B. Dance in the everywhere.
C. If you like dancing outdoors, come to America.
D. My older students say it makes them feel young.
E. I keep practicing even When I'm extremely tired.
F. Dancing seems to change their feeling completely.
G. They stayed up all night long singing and dancing.
【文章大意】本文为说明文。文章主要介绍了跳舞的好处。

36.B 【解析】根据空后的内容We dance from Florida to Alaska, from north to south and sea to sea. We dance at
weddings, birthdays , office parties and just to fill the time.可知，这里是说遭美国都有人跳舞
从弗罗里达到阿拉斯加，从北到南等，因此B项符合题意。
37.D
【解析】根 据前文舞蹈课为各个年龄阶段的人架起了桥梁，教跳舞是非常好的，再根据后句
it’s great
to watch them
，根据人称可知是在谈论他们，所以
D
和
F
符合，再根据本段最后一句可知，此段主
要介绍了跳舞对他们的好处，故选
D。

38.A
【解析】根据第四段后句，是通过举例介绍人们跳舞的原因，故选
A
。

39.F
【解析】根据前句
they arrive at the class in low spirits and they leave with a smile,
所以他们的心情彻底
改变，故选
F
。

40.E
【解析】根据文章前后句可知，此处人称为第一人称，所以
E
符合语境，作者结合自己的跳舞 经历
介绍了跳舞给自己带来的好处。

3.
【
2018·
浙江卷】

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Moving into a new home in a new neighborhood is an exciting experience. Of course, you want to make sure
that you become an acceptable and valuable part of your neighborhood . the easiest way to accomplish this is to
make sure you conduct yourself as a good neighbor should. _____31_____
Perhaps one of the most important things you can do as a good neighbor is to keep your property(
房产
) neat,
clean, and in good repair. ____32____ By choosing to keep the outside of the home in great shape, you will help to
improve the look and feel of the area.
Second, take the overall appearance of the neighborhood seriously,. When going for a walk. Take a small
garbage bag. _____33_____ This small act will let your neighbors know that you care about the area.
______34______ If a neighbor is going to be out of town, offer to collect mail and newspapers. If a neighbor
suffers an illness, offer to do the grocery shopping . Let them know you are there to help in any way this acceptable,
while still respecting the privacy of your neighbor.
______35______ By following the basic rules of respecting others, taking care of what belongs to you, and
taking pride in the appearance of the neighborhood in general, you will quickly become a good neighbor that
everyone appreciate.
A. In general, keep an eye on their property while they are gone.
B.A good neighbor is also one who likes to help out in small ways.
C. Being a good neighbor is more or less about considerate behavior.
D. Sometimes neighbors may go to the supermarket together to do shopping.
E. Should you come across waste paper thrown out of a passing car, pick it up.
F. People tend to lake pride in keeping everything in their street fresh and inviting.
G. Here are a few tips to help you win over everyone in the neighborhood quickly
【文章大意】怎样成为一个邻居都喜欢的人，作者给了几点建议。

31.G
【解析】考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力 。本段讲如果你想成为邻居中一个可以接受和有价值的部分，
最简单的方法就是确保你的行为举止像一个 好邻居。下文是具体做法，G项：这里有一些技巧，可以帮助
你迅速赢得邻居的信赖。承上启下，故选G 。
32.F
【解析】考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段介绍和邻居关系融洽最重 要的是保持干净整洁的户内
户外环境，F项中keeping everything in their street fresh and inviting. 保持街上的一切新鲜和诱人，与本段意
思一致，故选F。
33.E
【解析】考查 对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段主要建议要重视社区的整体面貌，出门拿上一个垃圾
袋，E项：遇 到从路过的汽车里扔出的废纸，把它捡起来。与上句连接，是拿垃圾袋的作用。故选E。
34.B
【解析】考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段是建议用邻居可以接受的方式帮助他们，同时尊重邻
居的隐私。B项：好邻居就是喜欢在小的方面帮助别人的人，符合本段内容，故选B。
35.C
【解析】考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。最后一段是总结，只要我们考虑周 到，尊重他人，照顾好
属于自己的东西，为周围的人感到自豪，很快就会成为一个大家都喜欢的好邻居。 C项中considerate behavior
是下文内容的概括，故选C。
5.【2018·北京卷】
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Why Do We Get Angry?
Anger seems simple when we are feeling it, but the causes of anger are various. Knowing these causes can
make us examine our behavior, and correct bad habits. The main reasons we get angry are triggering（触发）events,
personality traits（特征）, and our assessment of situations. 51
Triggering events for anger are so many that to describe them all would take hundreds of pages. However, here
are some examples: being cut off in traffic, a deadline approaching, experiencing physical pain, and much more.
____52____ The reason why someone is triggered by something and others are not is often due to one’s personal
history and psychological traits.
Each person, no matter who they are, has psychological imbalances. People who have personality traits that

connect with competitiveness and low upset tolerance are much more likely to get angry. 53 Also,
sometimes pre-anger does not have to do with a lasting condition, but rather a temporary state before a triggering
event has occurred.
54 Sometimes even routine occurrences become sources of pre-anger, or anger itself. Sometimes
ignorance and negative (消极的) outlooks on situations can create anger.
55 However, anger can easily turn violent, and it is best to know the reasons for anger to appear in
order to prevent its presence. With these main reasons in mind, we can evaluate our level of anger throughout the
day and prevent cases of outbursts by comprehending the reasons for our feelings.
A. Our attitude and viewpoint on situations can create anger within us as well.
B. But some types of situations can help us to get rid of the occurrence of anger.
C. Anger is rarely looked upon as a beneficial character trait, and is usually advised to reduce it.
D. Anger is a particularly strong feeling and maybe people think that they have reasons to feel angry.
E. Having these personality traits implies the pre-anger state, where anger is in the background of your mind.
F. Understanding these reasons will control our own anger if we are willing to evaluate ourselves with a
critical eye.
G. Not everyone acts the same in response to events, and that is why what triggers one person may or may not
trigger another.
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章分析了导致人们生气的三个原因并指出如何防止愤怒爆发。

51.F
【解析】考查上下文理解和逻辑推理能力。上一句提到导致人们生气的三个主要原因：
tri ggering
（触
发）
events
，
personality traits
（特征），
our assessment of situations
，下面的几段具体分析了这三个原
因与生气的关系。故该句应该起承上启下的作用，故
F选项（如果我们愿意用批判性的目光来评估
自己的话，那么了解这些原因将会控制我们的愤怒。）承 上启下，故选
F
。

52.G
【解析】考查上下文理解和逻辑推理 能力。该空前面两句提到引发愤怒的事件很多，例如：堵车，截
止日期临近，身体疼痛等。下一句提到： 某件事会激发一个人的怒气，但其他人却不会为此而生气
的原因是由于个人的历史和心理特征。该空承上 启下，应当提到某件事会使某些人生气，但不会使
别人生气这个现象，故
G
选项（人们 对这些事情的反应不一样，这就导致使一个人生气的事情可能
会让另一个人生气，也可能不会让另一个人 生气。）承上启下，故选
G
。

53.E
【解析】考查上下文理解 和逻辑推理能力。上一句提到：每个人都有自己的心里不平衡的地方。那些
比较好强，气量比较小的人更 容易生气。下一句提到：而且，有时候，
pre- anger
并不一定是一种持

久的状态，而是一种触发事 件发生前的暂时状态。该空承上启下，既要提到上一句中的那些性格特
征，又要提到下一句中的
pre-anger
，故
Having these personality traits implies the pre-anger state, where
anger is in the background of your mind.
（拥有这些个性特征意味着愤怒之前的 状态，愤怒就在你的大
脑背景中。）承上启下，故选
E
。

54.A
【解析】考查上下文理解和逻辑推理能力。下一句提到：有时候，甚至常规性的事件也会变成
p re-anger
或恼怒的来源。有时候对这些情况的无知和负面观点会产生愤怒。该空位于段首，引出 下文，故
A
选项（我们的对情况的态度和看法也会在我们内心产生愤怒。）是本段的主题句，概 括全段内容，故
选
A
。

55.D
【解析】考查上下文理 解和逻辑推理能力。下一句提到：但是生气很容易转变为暴力，所以最好了解
一下愤怒的原因来阻止它的 存在。该句和上一句之间是转折关系，结合剩余选项可知，
D
选项（愤
怒是一种特别强 烈的感情，或许人们认为他们有理由生气。）和下文构成转折关系，故选
D
。

6.【2018·天津卷】
阅读表达

阅读短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。

Some people live to climb the highest mountains. Some people live only dreaming about it while others live to
avoid ever climbing at all. But one thing is certain, all people encounter mountains in their life.
When I was a little girl, my family moved to a tiny town at the bottom of a big mountain. One day after school,
while exploring the green woods of this magnificent mountain, I almost fell on a set of stairs. What could these
steps lead to? Curiosity got the best of me as I knew it would be starting to get dark soon. I started climbing up
those strangely mysterious steps.
I climbed and climbed. There was nothing but just green bushes and these steps. I had to reach the top! But it
was now getting real dark. If I kept going I might not be able to see my way back. My mum would be worried sick
if I didn’t come home soon. So I ran back home almost in the dark while trying not to get too scared.
Anxiously I went to bed dreaming about what I would find at the top of this magical mountain. Could there be
a castle up there? Maybe I would find a monster(怪物). Maybe I was taking the risk of never coming back home.
Or, maybe all I would find was absolutely nothing! But something inside me was going to climb that mountain at
all cost. I could hardly wait to try this adventure again.
Now we live in a world surrounded by the doattitudes. We all fall down. We all have doubts and
regrets. Still we must climb and dream about what’s at the top of our mountain. Monsters may appear or the night

will fall. But never ever give up on your dream! Never let anyone tell you,
56. What made the author start to climb up the stairs to the mountain top? (no more than 5 words)
57. Why did the author hurry back home without reaching the top of the mountain? Give two reasons. (no more
than 15 words)
58. How would you describe the author in terms of personalities according to Paragraph 4? (no more than 10
words)
59. How do you understand the underlined sentence in the last paragraph? (no more than 5 words)
60. What’s your attitude towards the
【答案】
56. Curiosity made her do so.
Or:The desire to explore.
57. Because it was getting dark
，
and she didn’t want her mother to worry about her.
Or:Because she was seared
，
and might not be able to find herthe way back home.
58. She had rich imagination and she was brave.
Or:She was a brave and determined girl with rich imagination.
Or:She was imaginative and determined
，
and she dared to explore.
Or:She was imaginative
，
adventurous and determined.
59. We all sometimes fail.
Or:We face failuredefeathardshipschallenges in life.
Or:There are difficultiesbarriersobstacles in life.
Or:We run into trouble sometimes.
Or:We have trouble in life.
60. I will try to reach my goal because I want to live an exciting life.
Or:I will try to reachget to the top of the“mountain”because I want to be successful in life.
【解析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议短文阅读。作者通过小时候爬山的经历告诉我们：我们每个人 在人生中都会
遇到很多座山，但我们要勇于梦想，攀登高峰。

56.
细节归纳题。根据文章第二段
What could these steps lead to? Curiosity got the best of me as I knew it would
be starting to get dark soon. I started climbing up those strangely mysterious steps.
可 知，好奇心驱使作者探索这
些台阶通往什么，从而可以归纳出答案，注意字数的限制。

57.
细节归纳题。根据文章第三段
But it was now getting real dark. If I kept going I might not be able to see my

way back. My mom would be worried sick if I didn’t come home soon. So I ran back home almost in the dark
while trying not to get too scared.
可知，作者没有 到达山顶而急于回家的原因一共有
4
个，考生只需要归纳
2
个原因，注意字数 的限制。

58.
细节归纳题。根据文章第四段作者梦见城堡或怪物，可知作者非常具有想象力；根据
But something inside
me was going to climb that mountain at all cost. I could hardly wait to try this adventure again.
可知，作者内心的
某些东西会不惜一切代价爬上 那座山并迫不及待地想再次冒险，可知作者具有冒险精神并且有决心。根据
这些归纳出答案，注意字数的 限制。

59.
句意理解题。根据全文我们可以推断出
We all fall down.
指的是
“
我们生活中遇到的障碍

困难

失败

挑战
等
”
。由此可以归纳出答案，注意字数的限制。< br>
60.
开放题。

首先要理解题干中的
mountain
指的是
“
障碍或失败
”
，并且要陈述自己的理由，注意字数的限制。
点睛：本文是一篇夹叙夹议短文阅读。整体文章易懂，但题目设置灵活，总体难度中等。考生不但要从文
章中找出答案，还要根据问题的设置归纳出相应的答案。书写答案的时候，考生要注意语法结构的正确以
及字数的限制。

7.【2018·江苏卷】
任务型阅读

请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。

注意：请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填一个单词。

How Arts Promote Our Economy
When most people think of the arts, they imagine the end product, the beautiful painting, a wonderful piece of
music, or an award-winning performance in the theater. But arts groups bring broader value to our communities.
The economic impact of the arts is often overlooked and badly judged.
The arts create jobs that help develop the economy. Any given performance takes a tour bus full of artists,
technical experts, managers, musicians, or writers to create an appealing piece of art. These people earn a living
wage for their professional knowledge and skills.
Another group of folks is needed to help market the event. “If you build it they will come” is a misleading
belief. Painters, digital media experts, photographers, booking agents and promoters are hired to sell tickets and
promote the event. According to the Dallas Area Cultural Advocacy Coalition, arts agencies employ more than
10,000 people as full-or part-time employees or independent contractors.
A successful arts neighborhood creates a ripple effectthroughout a community. In 2005, when the
（连锁反应）

Bishop Arts Theatre was donated to our town, the location was considered a poor area of town. After investing
more than $$1 million in reconstructing the building, we began producing a full season of theater performances, jazz
concerts, and year- round arts education programs in 2008. Nearly 40 percent of jazz lovers live outside of the
Dallas city limits and drive or fly in to enjoy an evening in the Bishop Arts District.
No doubt the theater has contributed to the area’s development and economic growth. Today, there are
galleries, studios, restaurants and newly built work spaces where neighbors share experiences, where there is
renewed life and energy. In this way, arts and culture also serve as a public good.
TeCo Theatrical Productions Inc. made use of Bloomberg’s investment of $$35,000 to get nearly $$400,000 in
public and private sector support during the two-year period. Further, Dallas arts and arts-based businesses produce
$$298 for every dollar the city spends on arts programming and facilities. In Philadelphia, a metro area smaller than
Dallas, the arts have an economic impact of almost $$3 million and support 44,000 jobs, 80 percent of which
actually lie outside the arts industry, including accountants, marketers, construction workers, hotel managers,
printers, and other kinds of art workers.
The arts are efficient economic drivers and when they are supported, the entire small-business community
benefits.
It is wrong to assume arts groups cannot make a profit. But in order to stay in business, arts groups must
produce returns. If you are a student studying the arts, chances are you have been ill-advised to have a plan B. But
those who truly understand the economic impact and can work to change the patterns can create a wide range of
career possibilities.
Arts as an
Our communities ___71___ from arts in terms of economy.
economic driver
Arts activity demands a(n) ___73___ effort. It involves creation, performance, and
___74___.
___72___ of arts’
promoting our
economy
★
Artists make a living through their creative work.
★
Others get paid by marketing the event.
Arts have a gradually spreading ___75___. They could help promote other
industries whether they lie inside or outside arts.
★
Besides tickets, some jazz lovers will pay their ___76___ to and from the events.

★
Arts contribute to cultural development when people gather together to share their
experience and renew their energy.
Investment in arts could produce potential ___77___ economic results.
★
TeCo used a $$35,000 art investment to attract an overall support of $$400,000.
★
In Dallas, one dollar invested in arts could harvest and extraordinary return of nearly
$$300.
★
In Philadelphia the arts have created about 35,000 job opportunities for workers
___78___ arts industry.
Art students
making a good living

【话题解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述艺术是如何促进我们的经济发展的。

t
同义转化题。根据文章第一段
But arts groups bring broader value to our communities.(
艺术团体给
我们的社区带来了更大的 价值。
)
，所填词的主语为
Our communities
，故应为我们的 社区从艺术中收益，
所以用短语
benefit from
从
……
受益。故填
benefit
。


归纳题。分析右边表格各小点的内容可知，这里应该为艺术提升我们经济的方法，所以用
way
，注
意首字母大写及复数形式。故填
Ways
。

ollective
归纳题。根据文章第二段
Any given performance takes a tour bus full of artists, technical
experts, managers, musicians, or writers to create an appealing piece of art.
可以 归纳出，艺术活动需要集体共
同努力。故填
jointcollective
。

ionmarketing
词性转化题。根据文章第三段
Painters, digital media experts, photographers, booking
agents and promoters are hired to sell tickets and promote the event.
中的动词
promote
转化为名词
promotion
，
也可以用同义名词
marketing
。故填
promotionmarketing
。

75. Effect
原词再现题。根据文章第四段
A successful arts neighborhoods creates a ripple effect
（连锁反应）
throughout a community.
中的原 词
effect
可以得出答案。故填
effect
。


归纳题。根据文章第四段
Nearly 40 percent of jazz lovers live outside of the Dallas city limits and drive
or fly in to enjoy an evening in the Bishop Arts District.
可以归纳出，爵士爱好者除了买票之外，还需要付来去交通费、住宿费等费用。故填
fares
。

With these ___79___ in mind, art students need not worry about their career and
have a(n) ____80____ plan.

ve
归纳题。根据文章倒数第三段
the arts have an economic impact of almost $$3 million and support
44,000 jobs, 80 percent of which actually lie outside the arts industry, including accountants, marketers,
construction workers, hotel managers, printers, and other kinds of art workers .
可知，艺术品投资可以产生潜在
的积极经济效果。故填
positive
。

ebeyond
原词再现题。根据文章倒数第三段
the arts have an economic impact of almost $$3 million and
support 44,000 jobs, 80 percent of which actually lie outside the arts industry, including accountants, marketers,
construction workers, hotel managers, printers, and other kinds of art w orkers.
中的
outside
可以得出答案，也可
以用其同义词
beyond
。故填
outsidebeyond
。

79. s tatisticsdataanalyses
归纳题。这里是对文章的总结，艺术生应该考虑到上文这 些统计数据或分析，故无
需担心他们的职业。故填
statisticsdataanalys es
。

80. Alternative
同义转化题。根据文章最后一段
But those who truly understand the economic impact and can
work to change the patterns can create a wide range of career possibilities.
中的
change the patterns
转化为同义
词
alternative
。故填
al ternative
。


三、
2017
年高考真题

1.
【
2017·
全国卷
I
】

If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping, I would have
laughed heartily. Campers, in my eyes, were people who enjoyed insect bites, ill-cooked meals, and uncomfortable
sleeping bags. They had nothing in common with me. 36
The friends who introduced me to camping thought that it meant to be a pioneer. 37 We slept in a tent,
cooked over an open fire, and walked a long distance to take the shower and use the bathroom. This brief visit with
Mother Nature cost me two days off from work, recovering from a bad case of sunburn and the doctor’s bill for my
son’s food poisoning.
I was, nevertheless, talked into going on another fun-filled holiday in the wilderness. 38 Instead, we
had a pop-up camper with comfortable beds and an air conditioner. My nature-loving friends had remembered to
bring all the necessities of life.
39 We have done a lot of it since. Recently, we bought a twenty-eight-foot travel trailer complete with
a bathroom and a built-in TV set. There is a separate bedroom, a modern kitchen with a refrigerator. The trailer
even has matching carpet and curtains.

40 It must be true that sooner or later, everyone finds his or her way back to nature. I recommend that
you find your way in style.
A. This time there was no tent.
B. Things are going to be improved.
C. The trip they took me on was a rough one.
D. I was to learn a lot about camping since then, however.
E. I must say that I have certainly come to enjoy camping.
F. After the trip, my family became quite interested in camping.
G. There was no shade as the trees were no more than 3 feet tall.
【文章大意】三年前，作者对露营一无所知，也不认为自己会喜欢露营。然而后来有过几 次露营的经
历，作者和他的家人开始爱上了露营，甚至为露营购买了设备齐全的房车。作者认为露营是回 归大自然的
一个方式，也建议读者找到适合自己的回归自然的方式。
36. D 根据前文 可知三年前作者认为露营和自己无关，而后文中表明作者热爱露营，暗示此处作者对待露
营的情感态度应 该出现转变。D选项中的however表示转折。且If anyone had told me three years ago
that I would be spending most of my weekends camping暗示作者态度的转变就在三年前，D选项中的
since then＂自从那时候起＂和前文时间吻合。故选D。
37. C 根据后文We slept in a tent, cooked over an open fire, and walked a long distance to take the shower and
use the bathroom可知作者第一次露营的条件很艰苦，C选项The trip they took me on was a rough one.
中的rough暗示了这一点，符合语境。故选C。
38. A 根据前文We slept in a tent, cooked over an open fire, and walked a long distance to take the shower and
use the bathroom可知作者第一次露营时住帐篷，露天生火做 饭，走很远的距离去洗澡、上厕所，条
件很艰苦，而后文中Instead, we had a pop-up camper with comfortable beds and an air conditioner. 说明
作者第二次露营有床有空调。A选项This time there was no tent＂这次没有帐篷了＂暗示作者进行了
第二次露营，而且条件比较好，符合语境。故选A。
39. F 根据后文we bought a twenty-eight-foot travel trailer complete with a bathroom and a built-in TV set.
There is a separate bedroom, a modern kitchen with a refrigerator. The trailer even has matching carpet and
curtains.可知作者一家为了 露营买了房车，里面设备齐全，说明作者一家人是喜欢露营的。F选项
After the trip, my family became quite interested in camping(那次露营之后，我的家人开始对露营感兴
趣)符合语境，故选F。

40. E 根据后文It must be true that sooner or later, everyone finds his or her way back to nature. I recommend
that you find your way in style.可知作者希望每个人能找到适合自己的回归自然的方法，而根据前文可知作者回归自然的方式就是露营。E选项I must say that I have certainly come to enjoy camping.(我
必须得承认我真的开始享受 露营)既是对文章第一段中作者态度转变的一个总结，也很好地衔接了后
文。故选E。
2. （2017·全国卷Ⅱ）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Interruptions are one of the worst things to deal with while you’re trying to get work done. 36 , there are
several ways to handle things. Let’s take a look at them now.
37 . Tell the person you’re sorry and explain that you have a million things to do and then ask if the
two of you can talk at a different time.
When people try to interrupt you, have set hours planned and let them know to come back during that time or
that you’ll find them then. 38 . It can help to eliminate(消除)future interruptions.
When you need to talk to someone, don’t do it in your own office. 39 , it’s much easier to excuse
yourself to get back to your work than if you try to get someone out of your space even after explaining how busy
you are.
If you have a door to your office, make good use of it. 40 . If someone knocks and it’s not an
important matter, excuse yourself and let the person know you’re busy so they can get the hint(暗示)that when the
door is closed, you’re not to be disturbed.
A. If you’re busy, don’t feel bad about saying no
B. When you want to avoid interruptions at work
C. Set boundaries for yourself as far as your time goes
D. If you’re in the other person’s office or in a public area
E. It’s important that you let them know when you’ll be available
F. It might seem unkind to cut people short when they interrupt you
G. Leave it open when you’re available to talk and close it when you’re not
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了避免工作时被打断的几种方法。
36.B【解析】考查承启句。 根据上文的以及下文的
are several ways to handle things可知，工作时被打断是要处理的最糟糕的事情之一，有几个处理事情的

办法。空处承上启下，应选B项。
37.A【解析】考查主题句。 根据下文的
time可知，本段讲述的是当你忙的时候,要拒绝别人打断你。故A项符合文意。主题句是对下文内容的
总结，所以要认真阅读下文的内容并准确得出主题句，切忌以偏概全,以点代面。
38.E 【解析】考查承启句。 根据上文的during that time or that you’ll find them
then及下文的可知，此处指让他们知道你什么时候有空是很重要的。故选E项。
39.D【解析】考查承启句。 根据上文的以及下文的
to your work可知，你如果不在自己的办公室里，就更容易给自己找到借口返回来工作。故选D项。
40.G【解析】考查承启句。 根据本段的首句以及下文的
可知，G项符合文意。
3.（2017·全国卷Ⅲ）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning, and put the blame on the alarm clock. In fact, the key to
easy morning wake-up lies in resting your body clock. 36 Here’s how to make one.
● 37 In order to make a change, you need to decide why it’s important. Do you want to get up in
time to have breakfast with your family, get in some exercise, or just be better prepared for your day? Once you are
clear about your reasons, tell your family or roommates about the change you want to make.
● Rethink mornings. Now that you know why you want to wake up, consider re-arranging your morning
activities. If you want time to have breakfast with your family, save some time the night before by setting out
clothes, shoes, and bags. 38 That’s a quarter-hour more you could be sleeping if you bought a coffee maker
with a timer.
● Keep your sleepwake schedule on weekends. If you’re tired out by Friday night, sleeping in on Saturday
could sound wonderful. But compensating on the weekends actually feeds into your sleepiness the following week,
a recent study found. 39
● Keep a record and evaluate it weekly. Keep track of your efforts and write down how you feel. After you’ve
tried a new method for a week, take a look at your record. 40 If not, take another look at other methods you
could try.
A. Get a sleep specialist.
B. Find the right motivation.

C. A better plan for sleep can help.
D. And consider setting a second alarm.
E. If the steps you take are working, keep it up.
F. Stick to your set bedtime and wake-up time, no matter the day.
G. Reconsider the 15 minutes you spend in line at the cafe to get coffee.
【 文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了如何帮助人们制订一个计划去调节生物钟，确保起床不
再是一 件令人头疼的事。
36. C 根据空前及空后的关键词one可以判断出，空处应为解决方法，再 结合所给选项可知只有C选项符
合语境。
37.B 本段内容是建议人们要先确定为什么 要早起，弄清早起的目的是什么，也就是早起的动机是什么，
因此B项可以概括本段的中心。
38.G 根据下句内容可知，作者建议人们买一个可以定时的咖啡机，这样可以节约15分钟的喝 咖啡时间，
能够多睡15分钟，文中的a quarter-hour和选项中的15 minutes相呼应，是信息提示词。故选G。
39.F 根据段落的中心句可知，本段是建议人们在周末也要坚持自己的作息时间，由此推断出Stick to your
set bedtime and wake-up time, no matter the day符合语境。故选F。
40.E 后句建议人们如果这样做没作用就尝试新办法，由此推断出该空与If not对应，即如果有效果的话
如何去做。故选E。
4.（2017·北京卷）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Every animal sleeps, but the reason for this has remained foggy. When lab rats are not allowed to sleep, they die
within a month. 71
One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen new memories. 72 We know that, while awake, fresh
memories are recorded by reinforcing(加强) connections between brain cells, but the memory processes that take
place while we sleep have been unclear.
Support is growing for a theory that sleep evolved so that connections between neurons(神经元) in the brain
can be weakened overnight, making room for fresh memories to form the next day. 73
Now we have the most direct evidence yet that he is right. 74 The synapses in the mice taken at the end
of a period of sleep were 18 per cent smaller than those taken before sleep, showing that the connections between
neurons weaken while sleeping.

If Tononi’s theory is right, it would explain why, when we miss a night’s, we find it harder the next day to
concentrate and learn new information — our brains may have smaller room for new experiences.
Their research also suggests how we may build lasting memories over time even though the synapses become
thinner. The team discovered that some synapses seem to be protected and stayed the same size. 75 ＂You
keep what matters,＂ Tononi says.
A. We should also try to sleep well the night before.
B. It’s as if the brain is preserving its most important memories.
C. Similarly, when people go for a few days without sleeping, they get sick.
D. The processes take place to stop our brains becoming loaded with memories.
E. That’s why students do better in tests if they get a chance to sleep after learning.
F. ＂Sleep is the price we pay for learning,＂says Giulio Tononi, who developed the idea.
G. Tononi’s team measured the size of these connections, or synapses, in the brains of 12 mice.

【语篇解读】试题分析：本文讲述了睡眠的重要性。
71.C 【解析】根据前一句When lab rats are not allowed to sleep, they die within a month.老鼠如果不睡觉，一
个月它们就死 了，同样，人几天不睡觉，也会生病，人和动物匹配，死和生病形成对比，故选C。
72.E 【解析 】根据前一句提到的睡觉有助于帮助我们加强新的记忆，所以学生在学习新知识后有机会睡一
觉，他们在 考试中就会表现得更好，前后逻辑关系很顺畅，因果联系，故选E。
73.F 【解析】根据下文中的he，可知此处要提到一个人，以及他的理论故选F。
74.G 【解析】根据下文中提到的关键词synapses in the mice可知，他肯定做了老鼠的实验，答案为G。
75.B 【解析】根据后一句提到的You keep what matters你记住重要的东西，可知大脑会把最重要的记忆保存下来，
故选B。
5.（2017·浙江卷6月考）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How to Do Man-on-the-Street Interviews
The man-on-the-street interview is an interview in which a reporter hits the streets with a cameraman to
interview people on the spot. 31 But with these tips, your first man-on-the-street interview experience
can be easy.
●When your boss or professor sends you out to do man-on- the-street interviews for a story, think about the

topic and develop a list of about ten general questions relating to it. For example, if your topic is about
environmental problems in America, you might ask, ＂Why do you think environmental protection is important in
America?＂ 32
●Hit the streets with confidence. 33 Say, ＂Excuse me, I work for XYZ News, and I was
wondering if you could share your opinion about this topic.＂ This is a quick way to get people to warm up to you.
●Move on to the next person if someone tells you she is not interested in talking on camera. Don’t get
discouraged.
● 34 Each interview that you get on the street shouldn’t be longer than ten minutes. As soon as
you get the answer you need, move on to the next person. Make sure that as you go from interview to interview,
you are getting a variety of answers. If everyone is giving you the same answer, you won’t be able to use it. A safe
number of interviews to conduct is about six to ten. 35
●If your news station or school requires interviewees to sign release forms to appear on the air, don’t leave
work without them.
A. Limit your time.
B. As you approach people, be polite.
C. If you don’t own a camera, you can buy one.
D. For new reporters, this can seem like a challenging task.
E. To get good and useful results, ask them the same question.
F. That number of interviews should give you all the answers you need.
G. With a question like this, you will get more than a ＂Yes＂ or ＂No＂ reply.
【解析】
试题分析：本文主要讲了进行街道随机采访的若干技巧。
31. D 【解析】根据空格后一句中的＂your first man-on-street interview experience can be easy＂可知这是对于
记者新人所提出的建议，而选项D中的＂new reporters＂正好与其相承接，故选D。
32. G 【解析】空格前一句是个远非yes或no就可以回答的提问, 而选项G中＂With a question like this…＂
正好与其相承接，故选G。
33. B 【解析】根据空格后一句所 说的很有礼貌的提问，可知这里的建议应该是提问时要注意礼貌，而选项
B中的polite正好与其相 呼应，故选B。
34. A 【解析】根据空格后一句＂Each interview that you get on the street shouldn’t be longer than ten minutes.＂

可知这一段的建议是要限制采访的时间，故选A。
35. F 【解析】空格前一句是＂A safe number of interviews to conduct is about six to ten＂, 而选项F中＂That
number of interviews…＂正好与其相呼应，故选F。
6.（2017·天津卷）
阅读表达
阅读短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
In the years of my growing up, Dad was strict with me. He made sure I made my bed and did my homework.
He would call in advance to make sure there was no alcohol at the party. I got so angry with him for laying down
the law. I would scream, “ I hate you!” Dad would yell back, “Good! I don’t care!” Deep down I knew he did.
One time at a party, I drank too much alcohol and got so sick. I said, “ Call my dad.” Next thing, Dad was
carrying me to the car. I woke up the next morning, thinking I would definitely be criticised. As expected, I got a
roasting, but I now understand why I needed discipline.
Dad was 29 when he got his big roles in films. I had an early start at the age of nine with a role in a 1990s TV
series, but it wasn’t until I finished film studies that I pursued my career as an actress. Like those early days for Dad,
I faced lots of rejections. Working in such a competitive industry, I’ve sometimes thought, “I can’t do this any
more.”
Once, after a trip to Hollywood, I returned to Australia so depressed and spent months in my bedroom painting,
listening to Eckhart Tolle’s music and trying to find myself again. Dad sat me down and said,“Alice, I know it’s
hard, but it’s all about persistence(坚持不懈).”
Now I get to work with Dad a lot, which I love. We are both passionate about acting, which comes from us
being so interested in people. If it weren’t for Dad, I wouldn’t be where I am today. He’s my biggest fan, and when
you have that in your life you can go a long way.
56. What rules did Alice’s father set for her when she was growing up?(no more than 15 words)
57. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 2 mean? (no more than 5 words)
58. What did Alice’s father do when she felt depressed? (no more than 5 words)
59. According to the last paragraph, what do Alice and her father have in common? (no more than 10 words)
60. What do you think of Alice’s father? Please explain. (no more than 20 words)
【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了一个严父、慈父对女儿的教育培养以及对女儿的影响。
56.

She should make her bed, do her homework and drink no alcohol.
Or: Making her bed, doing her homework and drinking no alcohol.
【解析】根据文章第一段的句子He made sure I made my bed and did my homework. He would call in advance to
make sure there was no alcohol at the party. I got so angry with him for laying down the law. 可知作者爱丽斯的
父亲给她制定了自己铺床、做作业和不许喝酒的规定。
57.
I gotwas criticisedscolded.
【解析】
根据文章第三段的内容：Dad was 29 when he got his big roles in films. I had an early start at the age of nine with
a role in a 1990s TV series, but it wasn’t until I finished film studies that I pursued my career as an actress. Like
those early days for Dad, I faced lots of rejections.可以判断出我和父亲早年的时候一样，面对了许多次的拒
绝，即受到了批评。
58. He encouragedcomfortedinspired her.
【解析】
根据文章第四段内容Once, after a trip to Hollywood, I returned to Australia so depressed and spent months in my
bedroom painting, listening to Eckhart Tolle’s music and trying to find myself again. Dad sat me down and
said,“Alice, I know it’s hard, but it’s all about persistence(坚持不懈).”可以判断出在爱丽斯感到精神不振的时
候，父亲 鼓励、安慰、激励了她。
59.
They are both passionate about acting and interested in people.
【解析】根据文章最后一段中的We are both passionate about acting, which comes from us being so interested in
people.可以判断出爱丽斯和她的父亲的共同点就是对演艺事业充满了激情，对人们感兴趣。
60.
He is a gooddevotedcaringloving father because he was strict with his daughter and encouraged her when she was
in trouble.
Or: He is always supportivea source of strength. Whenever she is in trouble, he is there for her.
【解析】根据第一段的句子Dad was strict with me. He made sure I made my bed and did my homework. He
would call in advance to make sure there was no alcohol at the party.和第二段的句子As expected, I got a roasting,
but I now understand why I needed discipline.可知，爱丽斯的父亲对女儿严格要求，是一个严父。由第四段内

容Once, after a trip to Hollywood, I returned to Australia so depressed and spent months in my bedroom painting,
listening to Eckhart Tolle’s music and trying to find myself again. Dad sat me down and said,“Alice, I know it’s
hard, but it’s all about persistence(坚持不懈 ).”可以判断出爱丽斯的父亲对女儿的关爱和鼓励，所以判断出爱丽
斯的父亲是一个好父亲，是女儿力 量的源泉。
【名师点睛】阅读表达题是一种综合性的题型，测试目的是从多方位、多角度考查考生通过 阅读获取信息、
处理信息并进行书面表达的能力。该题型比传统的阅读理解试题更具有综合性和主观性， 更能体现对考生
综合能力的考查。考查题型有封闭型问题（Close-ended Questions），要求考生结合文中具体信息进行回答；
还有开放型问题（Open-ended Questions）：要求考生结合个人观点、态度进行表述。这篇文章为记叙文，学
生可以通过最后 提出的问题进行点对点的信息筛查，在文章中找出相关的句子。回答问题的时候，学生要
注意题目要求的 字数限制，在规定范围内答题就可以。
7.（2017·江苏卷）
任务型阅读
请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
．．
注意：请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填一个单词。
Population Change
Why is the world’s population growing? The answer is not what you might think. The reason for the explosion
is not that people have been reproducing like rabbits, but that people have stopped dropping dead like flies. In 1900,
people died at the average age of 30. By 2000 the average age was 65. But while increasing health was a typical
feature of the 20th century, declining birth rate could be a defining one of the 21st.
Statistics show that the average number of births per woman has fallen from 4.9 in the early 1960s to 2.5
nowadays. Furthermore, around 50% of the world’s population live in regions where the figure is now below the
replacement level (i.e.2.1 births per woman) and almost all developed nations are experiencing sub-replacement
birth rate. You might think that developing nations would make up the loss(especially since 80% of the world’s
people now live in such nations), but you’d be wrong. Declining birth rate is a major problem in many developing
regions too, which might cause catastrophic global shortages of work force within a few decades.
A great decline in young work force is likely to occur in China, for instance. What does it imply? First, China
needs to undergo rapid economic development before a population decline hits the country. Second, if other factors
such as technology remain constant, economic growth and material expectations will fall well below recent
standards and this could invite trouble.
Russia is another country with population problems that could break its economic promise. Since 1992 the

number of people dying has been bigger than that of those being born by a massive 50%. Indeed official figures
suggest the country has shrunk by 5% since 1993 and people in Russia live a shorter life now than those in 1961.
Why is this occurring? Nobody is quite sure, but poor diet and above all long-time alcoholism have much to do
with it. If current trends don’t bend, Russia’s population will be about the size of Yemen’s by the year 2050.
In the north of India, the population is booming due to high birth rates, but in the south, where most economic
development is taking place, birth rate is falling rapidly. In a further twist, birth rate is highest in poorly educated
rural areas and lowest in highly educated urban areas. In total, 25% of India’s working-age population has no
education. In 2030, a sixth of the country’s potential work force could be totally uneducated.
One solution is obviously to import foreign workers via immigration. As for the USA, it is almost unique
among developed nations in having a population that is expected to grow by 20% from 2010-2030. Moreover, the
USA has a track record of successfully accepting immigrants. As a result it’s likely to see a rise in the size of its
working-age population and to witness strong economic growth over the longer term.

Population Change

The birth rate in the 21st century may be much (71) ▲ than it was in

the 20th.

Decline of the birth rate















Population and (74)

▲ pressure











American solution

The USA will increase, from 2010-2030, its population by 20% through
(79) ▲ . This will (80) ▲ _ for the lack of young work force.
Leaving aside the birth rate issue, India’s economy may take off when
the country achieves (78) ▲ of educational opportunity.
The (76) ▲ death of Russians may result in a shrinking
population, which would damage its economic future. It would be
better if it can change people’s way of (77) ▲ .
To guarantee its economic growth, China needs to deal with the
population issue properly, as its workers are getting (75) ▲ .
The impact of dropping birth rate on developing countries may not
be (73) ▲ but disastrous.
It would be difficult for developed countries to maintain the (72) ▲ of
population.
【文章大意】文章关注的是人口出生 率的下降。得益于医学的进步，全世界的人口虽然在增长，但是
不断下降的出生率却是二十一世纪面临的 一个严峻问题。
71. lower

【解析】根据＂declining birth rate could be a defining one of the 21st＂可知，21世纪的出生率比20世纪低，
且much evenfara lot a little等修饰比较级，故填lower。
72. sizescale
【解析】根据第二段中的＂almost all developed nations are experiencing sub-replacement birth rate＂可知，发
达国 家人口出生率正在下降，即人口难以维持现有的规模，＂maintain＂一词是做题的依据，故填sizes cale。
73. immediate
【解析】根据第二段中的＂which might cause catastrophic global shortages of work force within a few decades＂
中的＂within a few dec ades＂可知，出生率的下降对发展中国家和全球的消极影响还没有发生，由此联想到＂
影响不是立即 产生的＂。
74. economic
【解析】接下来几段分别讲了中国、俄罗斯、印度的人口与经济问题，根据＂economic development before a
population decline hits the country＂可知答案。
75. oldolder
【解析】根据＂A great decline in young work force is likely to occur in China＂可知，中国可能会迎来年轻劳
动力的危机，故填older。
76. earlier
【解析】根据＂the country has shrunk by 5% since 1993 and people in Russia live a shorter life now than those in
1961...but poor diet and above all long-time alcoholism have much to do with it＂可知，俄罗斯人口由于缩短的
寿命而急剧下降。
77. livinglife
【解析】此处是说，如果俄罗斯人改变他们的生活方式，他们的情况可能会好一些。
78. equality
【解析】根据倒数第二段中的＂but in the south, where most economic development is taking place, birth rate is
falling rapidly＂可知，教育可以降低出生率，因此，可以通过普及教育来抑制人口增长。
79. immigration
【解析】根据最后一段中的＂One solution is obviously to import foreign workers via immigration.＂可知，通过
移民来引入外来工人是解决劳动力短缺的一种方法。
80. compensate
【解析】根据最后一段中的＂Moreover, the USA has a track record of successfully accepting immigrants. As a
result it’s likely to see a rise in the size of its working-age population＂可知， 美国的移民政策将会使劳动力有所
增加。接纳移民可以弥补劳动力的短缺。
【名师点睛】 < br>任务型阅读题中的阅读能力同样要求考生在有限的时间内快速领会文章的主旨大意，快速理解句段细
节意义和理清上下文的逻辑关系，要能够理解文章作者的观点、态度和意图，同时不能忽视对语篇的整体

把握和领悟。考查题型分为以下三类：
1. 信息筛选题：信 息筛选题是基础题目，一般可以直接通过将表格和短文进行对照，边读文章边找出与试
题相关的句子信息 ，获取到相关单词，有时试题和原文句型句式不同，需进行简单的逻辑推理然后找到
相应单词，不需变化 ，直接填入。例如第74、79题。
2. 整合转换题：整合转换题是典型的二次加工题型，需要考生 有基本的构词法知识，对句子成分和词性的
对应关系要明确。做题时不仅需要找到与试题相关的语句，还 要根据词法和句法知识以及上下文的逻辑
关系进行加工，从而提炼出新词。可细分为如下两种情况： < br>（1）词形整合转换。被考查单词在原文和试题中充当的句子成分不同，因而需要在名词、动词、形容词、
副词等之间进行转换。例如第76、78题。
（2）句型整合转换。试题中的被考查单词在原 文中找不到同根词，无法获取单词进行转换，需根据原文中
相应句子的意义和上下文逻辑联系进行句型转 换。例如第71、72、73题。
①表格内词性、大小写和语法运用上要保持一致。同一单元格要注意在用词方面保持一致的格式。
②善用同义词和反义词进行转换。
③正确使用构词法。
④熟练运用语法句型转换。
3. 综合概括题：综合概括题要求考生对全文或段落进行总体语篇把握，通过观察表格的设置特点，从 而归
纳和概括出所考查的单词。此类设题一般位于表格的第一行或第一列。为了更快捷地掌握概括能力， 总
结和熟记一些概括性词汇及其固定搭配也是很有必要的。例如75题。
基本的概括性词汇有：
总结、概括：conclusion, summary
建议：suggestion, tip, advice, proposal, recommendation
影响：effect, influence, impact
印象：impression
因果：reason, cause, result, consequence