初一下册英语过去式的详细讲解和练习
中国证监会招聘-教师专业成长计划
学习目标:
能正确理解和掌握一般过去时的概念、句式结构和用法。
【课内探究】
一、一般过去时表示的意义:
1、表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,也可表示过去
经常或反复发生的动作,常和表示过去的时间状语连用,
如yesterday, last
night, in 1990, two days ago等。
如:I got up at
6:30 yesterday. 我昨天6:30起床。【动作】 She was at home
last night.. 她昨天晚上在家。【状态】
二.一般过去时的标志词
1. yesterday或以其构成的短语:yesterday
morning(afternoon, evening)等;
2.
由“last+一时间名词”构成的短语:last night, last year (winter,
month, week)等;
3. 由“时间段+ago”构成的短语:a
moment ago, a short time ago, an hour ago等;
4. 其它:just now,
in+过去的年份
(in 1998)等
三.一般过去时的结构:(分为两种)
㈠ 含有
【常用的3种结构】
1、肯定句:主语+waswere+表语。
例如:His father was very busy last week.
他父亲上周很忙。
They were at home last night..
他们昨天晚上在家。
2、否定句:主语+waswere+not+表语。
例如:His
father was not very busy last week. 他父亲上周不是很忙。
They were not at home last night.. 他们昨天晚上不在家。
3、一般疑问句:WasWere+主语+表语。
例如:Was his father
very busy last week. 他父亲上周很忙。
Were they at
home last night.. 他们昨天晚上在家吗?
【注意】
①主语为第一人称单数或第三人称单数时,用was,其它人称一律用were.
②变成否定句时,只需在waswere后直接加not就行了。
③变成一般疑问句时,只需把waswere提到主语前面即可。
练习
_______(be) the weather like three days ago?
went to a beautiful beach. We ______ (be) very
happy.
brother ______________(be) born in
1980. And he _______ (be) 24 years old now.
5. They ______(be) very tired the day before
yesterday.
6.The twins___________ (be) in
Dalian last year.
7. He was happy yesterday.
否定句:_________________________________________
一般疑问句: ______________________________
8..They were students in 2000.
否定句:_________________________________________
一般疑问句: ______________________________
be动词
的一般过去时的主结构:be (was, were)
(单数was,复数were;)
主语+waswere+其它.
㈡含
行为动词
的一般过去式的结构:
主语+ 动词的过去式 +其它
三.动词过去式变化规则
1.
规则动词过去式的构成
1)一般动词在词尾直接加-ed
play—played
clean—cleaned walk—walked look→looked
2)以e结尾的动词直接加-d
like—liked live→lived
practice—practiced dance→danced
3)以辅音字母加y结尾的,先变y为i,再加-ed
study—studied
carry→carried worry—worried
4)以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节,双写最后一个辅音字母,再加-ed
stop—stopped drop—dropped shop—shopped
2不规则动词(课本最后一页表格,背下来)
walk____ live_____
stop_____ study____ use _____ plan_____ come
___
start___ worry_____ call____
have_____ do_____ go_____ write______
open____ clean____ tell____ see____
put____ make______ buy_____
play_____
hear_____ know_____ get_____
【常用的3种结构】
1、肯定句:主语+动词的过去时+其它。
例如:He played
basketball yesterday.他昨天打篮球。
I got up at 6:30
yesterday. 我昨天6:30起床。
2、否定句:主语+did+not+动词原形+其它。【did not缩写为didn’t】
例如:He didn’t play basketball
yesterday.他昨天没打篮球。
I didn’t get up at 6:30
yesterday. 我昨天6:30没起床。
3、一般疑问句:Did+主语+动词原形+其它?
例如:Did he play
basketball yesterday ?他昨天打篮球了吗?
Did you get up
at 6:30 yesterday ?你昨天6:30起床是吗?
【注意】
①谓语动词为实义动词时,不受主语限制,用对动词的过去时形式就可以。
②不论主语是什么
人称,在变成否定句时,只需在主语与谓语动词之间加上didn’t,并把后面的谓语动词由过去时形式
变成动词原形。
③在变成一般疑问句时,只需在原句前加上助动词did,并把后面的谓语动词由过
去时形式变成动词原形。
1. I ______(have) dinner with my
best friend last Sunday. 2. He ______ (look)
after your little brother yesterday.
3. Peter
______(help) me with my English yesterday morning.
4. We often _______(go) to school by bus last
year.
5. They sat in the classroom and
______(listen) to the teacher carefully.
________(have) a good time yesterday. 7.I
________(live)in the village when I was a child.
They did their homework yesterday
否定句:_________________________________________
一般疑问句: ______________________________
He went
to the park last week.
否定句:_________________________________________
一般疑问句: ______________________________