小学英语必须掌握的几种时态(详细整理版)

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小学生必须掌握的5种时态(详细整理版)

1、 一般现在时
2、 现在进行时
3、 一般将来时的用法
4、 一般过去时5、现在完成时

一般现在时
标志词:always( 总是) usually( 通常 ) often( 经常) sometimes( 有时 )
never( 从不) every( 每一)
行为动词词型变化形式一般现在时动词只有第三人称有词形变化,
其他人称(第一人称:I, we ;第二人称:you ;第三人称复数:they 、my
friends )动词均用原形
当主语是第三人称单数时,一般动词在一般现在时句子中的变化规律:
1、 多数在动词后加 s play —plays like—likes ,
2、 以 s,x,sh,ch,o 结尾的动词加 es wash –washes catch –catches do
does
3、 以辅音字母加 y 结尾,把 y 改 i 再加 es fly—flies study —studies
4、 以元音字母加 y 结尾,直接加 s buy – buys
5、 不规则变化 have—has
一般现在时基本用法功能


1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。 如:The sky is blue. 天空是蓝色的。 2.表示
经常性或习惯性的动作。 如:I get up at six every day. 我每天六点起床。
3.表示客观现实。 如:The earth goes around the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。
The earth is round.
构成
1. be 动词:主语 +be(am,is,are)+ 其它。 如:I am a boy. 我是一个男孩。
2.行为动词:主语 +行为动词 (+ 其它)。 如:We study English. 我们学习英
语。句型肯定句: 动词:主语 + be + 其它成分 He is a worker.

B.行为动词:主语 +动词(注意人称变化 ) + 其它成分 We like the
little cat. 否定句: 动词:主语 + be + not + 其它成分 They are not
students.

B.行为动词:主语 +助动词 (dodoes) + not + 动词原形 +其它成分
We don’t like the little
cat.
一般疑问句: 动词: Am Is Are + 主语 + 其它成分
Are you a teacher? Yes, I am. No, I am not.
Are they students of your they are No
they aren,t.

B.行为动词:助动词 (DoDoes)+ 主语+动词原形 + 其它成分
Do you like it? Yes, I do. No. I don ’t .
Does he(she) like it? Yes, he( she )does. No,
he ( she )doesn ’t.


特殊疑问句:疑问词 + 一般疑问句
动词: How many students are there in your school?
B.行为动词: What do you usually do on Sunday?
一般现在时动词 be 和 have 的变化形式
1.动词 Be 叫连系动词 , 用法:第一人称单数用 am ,第三人称单数用 is,其它
人称用 are。
2.动词 have 的用法:第三人称单数用 has 以外,其它人称一律用 have。如:
注意事项 1.在英国,人们常用 have got 代替 have,特别在疑问句和否定句
中。
2.当 have 如果不表示 “有”时,构成疑问或否定句时,就借助于
助动词 do, does 如: I have a new pen . 否:I have not a new pen. ( 表
示有)
I have lunch at 12 o ’clock. 否:I don ’t have lunch at
12 o’clock. ( 表示吃 )


现在进行时:
标志词:
now, look, listen

.

I
’s
+
时间

现在进行时
:

表示正在进行的、发生的动作
基本结构:
am
be is
are
肯定句:主语
+ be
动词
(am, are, is)+
现)
+

其他

在分词(
ing
watching TV.
否定句:主语
+ be
动词
+ not +
现在分词(
ing

+

其他
I am not
watching TV.
一般疑问句:
Be
动词
(Am, Are, Is) +
主语
+

现在分词(
ing

+

其他
Are you watching TV?
特殊疑问句:疑问词
+

一般疑问句
What are you doing

动词的
-ing
形式的变化规律:
直接加
-ing 1 . watch

watching clean

cleaning

2 . -y
结尾的动词,直接加
-ing

playing study

studying play
以不发音的
-e3 .
结尾的动词,先去
-e
再加
-ing
make

making come

coming
末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节动词,
4 .
双写末尾字母,再加
-ing
一般将来时的用法:
表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态,或将来某一段时间内经常的动作或状态。
标志词:
tomorrow
(明天),
the day after tomorrow
(后天),
next
(下
一个),

in the future
(将来),
soon
(不久)
from now on
(从现在开始)


结构:
( 1 ) be



am,is ,are



+ going to+
动词原形
( 2 ) +
动词原形

cutting cut
Yes, I am. No, I am not.
I am
+

动词
ing



“be going to+ 动词原形(打算 ⋯)”=”will+ 动词原形(将,会 ⋯)”
I ’m going to study tomorrow. I will study tomorrow.
(be going to 着重于事先考虑好

will 未事先考虑好) ---- 一般不用考


肯定句:主语+ be (am, are, is) going to + 动词原形 .
主语 + will + 动词原形
否定句:主语 + be (am, are, is) not going
to + 主语 + won’t + 动词原形 .
动词原形 .

一般疑问句: Be (Am, Are, Is) + 主语 + going to + 动词原形 ?
Will + 主语 + 动词原形 ?
特殊疑问句:疑问词 + 一般疑问句?
注意: will 常简略为 'll,并与主语连写在一起,如: I'll ,he'll ,
it'll ,we'll , you'll ,they'll 。
一般过去时
标志词: yesterday( 昨天 ), last ( 上一个 ), this morning (今天早上),
ago( 以前),
before ( 在, 之前 ), in 2002( 在 2002 年) 等
用法:表示过去某个时间发生的动作 或存在的状态,常和表示过去的时间状
语连用。也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作
动词过去式变化规则:
1.一般在动词末尾加 -ed 如:watch- watched, cook-cooked


2.结尾是 e 加 d 如:taste-tasted
3.末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,应双写末尾的辅音
字母,再加 -ed ,如: stop-stopped
4.以“辅音字母 +y”结尾的,变 y 为 i, 再加-ed ,如:study-studied
5.不规则动词过去式: am,is-was, are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said,
give- gave⋯
句型:
1、 Be 动词在一般过去时中的变化:
⑴am 和 is 变为 was。 否定( was not=wasn ’t)
⑵are 变为 were 。 否定( were not=weren ’t)否定
句:在 was 或 were 后加 not 一般疑问句:把 was 或
were 调到句首。
2、 行为动词在一般过去时中的变化
否定句: didn ’t + 动词原形 如:Jim didn ’t go home yesterday.
一般疑问句:在句首加 Did ,句子中的动词过去式变回原形 如:Did Jim go home
yesterday?
特殊疑问句:( 1)疑问词 +did+ 主语+动词原形? 如: What did Jim do
yesterday?
(2)疑问词当主语时: 疑问词 +动词过去式? 如:Who went to
home yesterday?


现在完成时 : 用法 1:表示:过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成
的影响或结果。
标志词: already, yet, just, ever, never, before 用
法 2:表示:过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。标
志词: for, since, since ⋯ago
基本结构:助动词 havehas + 动词的过去分词

(当主语是第三人称单数时用 has, 其余人称用 have)
1)肯定式:主语 + have has + 过去分词
2)否定式:主语 + have has + not + 过去分词
3)一般疑问句: Have Has +

主语 + 过去分词
No, 主语 + Yes, 主语 + havehas.( 肯定)
haven'thasn't.(否定)
4)特殊疑问句: 特殊疑问词 +havehas+ 主语+过去分词
例句
1. 过去某时发生的动作到目前为止这个动作已经完成或刚刚完成。
如:1)I have finished my homework.
始做,到现在已完成)
2)He has already come 他已经来了。(过去某时开始离开某地到这来,现在已
在这。)
2. 表示动作发生在过去并延续到现在。如:1)I have studied English for
six years. 我已经学了六年英语了。
我做完家庭作业了。(过去某时开


(六年前开始学英语, 一直学到现在 , 也可能继续学也可能就此不学了。 )
2)I have lived in Shenyang since 1990. 我从 1990 年就在沈阳住。
(从 1990 年开始住在沈阳一直住到现在,也可能继续住也可能就此为止。)
注意 1) 当表示一段时间,现在完成时可以用 for 或 since 引导的状语。例如:
I ’ve known Li Li for 4 years. 我认识丽丽已经 4 年了。
I have worked here since 8 years ago. 自从 8 年前我就在这工
作。
注意 2) 当在肯定陈述句中含有 already 或 just 时,在转换成否定句时,要把句
中的 already 或 just 去掉,在句末加上 yet. 。
例如:I have already seen the film. ------ I haven ’t seen the
film yet.

He has just come. He hasn ’t come yet?
使用时注意事项
1. “have has got ”形 式上是一种完成时, 但和 have has 为同一意思
“有”。如:Have you got pen-friends? Yes, I have. 你有笔友吗?是的,
我有。
Has he got a lot of work to do? No, he hasn ’t. 他有许多工作要做吗?
不,他没有。
2. havehas gone to 、havehas been to 和 havehas been in 的区别
have has gone to 去了,在去某地的路上或在某地,人还未回来


have has been to 曾经去过,人已经回来了 have has
been in 已经在,常与一段时间连用如:He has been to
Shenyang before. 他以前曾去过沈阳。

He has been in Shenyang for ten years.
Has he gone to Shenyang?
他在沈阳 10 年了。

他去沈阳了吗?
3. have has been to 常和 once, twice, never, ever 连用; have has gone
to 则不可。
例如: ─ Has Tom ever been to Paris? 汤姆去过巴黎吗?

─ Yes, he ’s been there several times. 是的,他去过好几次了。
─ Where have they gone? 他们去哪里了?
─ They’ve gone to Sheny ang. 他们去沈阳了。

4.非延续性动词不能用 “现在完成时 + 表示一段时间的状语 ”的句型中。这类
动词有: come, go, start, leave, die, buy, finish, join, borrow,
stop 等。但它们能够用表示持续状态的相应的延续性动词替换句中的非延续性性动
词。
例如: arrive, come → be here, be in buy → have begin, start
→ be on ; die → be dead finish, end → be over go out
→ be out

join → be in borrow→keep finishend
→be over close →be closed leave, move → be away; fall asleep →
be asleep


形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的用法:当两种物体之 间相互比较时,我们要用形
容词或副词的比较级;当相互比较的物体是三个或三个以上时,用形容词或副 词的
最高级。
比较级二者比较,标志词:
than 最高级三者以上比较,
标志词: the


形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的变化规律:
单音节形容词或副词后面直接加
-er1 .

-est
tal

talle

tallest fast



faster



fastest

2 . -e
结尾的单音节形容词或副词直接加
-r

-st
large



larger



largest nice

nicer



nicest

3 . -y
结尾的形容词或副词,改
-y

-i
再加
-er

-est

busy

busier

busiest early



earlier

earliest
形容词或副词是重读闭音节时,双写最后的辅音字母,再加
4 .
hot

hotter



hottest
多音节形容词或副词前面直接加
more

most 5 .

beautiful

most beautiful

l
结尾的副词一般加
more

most 6 .
slowly
不规则变化
7 . good (well)- better-best bad (badly)-worse-worst

little-less-least far-farther-further many

much

- more

most
形容词、副词的比较级和最高级用法:
比较级:

+ than +
物体
B 1
、形容词:物体
A + am are is +
形容词比较级

I am taller than you. This picture is more beautiful than that
one.
2
、副词:物体
A +
行为动词
+

副词比较级
+ than +
物体
B.
He studies better than me.
最高级:
形容词最高级
+

比较范围(
of + 1
、形容词:物体
A + am are is + the +





in +


方)
.
I am the tallest in the class. Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in
China.

2
、副词:物体
A +
行为动词
+

副词最高级
+

比较范围(
of +



in +
地方)
.
Cheetahs run fastest in the world. He studies best of us.
-er

-est

beautiful

more
slowly

more slowly

most
表示两者对比相同: 主语
+
谓语
+ as +
形容词



词原形
+ as +
从句



This box is as big as mine. This coat is not
soas cheap as that one.
I study English as hard as my brother.
情态动词
情态动词的定义:情态动词有词义,但它不能单独作谓语,它必须和其他动
词一起构成谓语。
情态动词没有人称和数的变化,后加动词原形。

can
能够,会
may
可以
shall
将,要

must
必须
不得不
have

has

to had better
最好
情态动词的用法:
情态动词
can
may
shall
肯定句
should
应该
否定句
主语
+ can +
动词原形 主语
+ can + not +
动词原形
主语
+ may +
动词原形 主语
+ may + not +
动词原形
主语
+ shall +
动词原形 主语
+ shall + not +
动词原形

should
主语
+ should +
动词原形主语
+ should + not +
动词原形
主语
+ must +
动词原形 主语
+ must + not +
动词原形
must

on
主语动词原形主语


d
’t(


have

has

t

o + have

has

to + +doesn
’t)
+
动词原形
have

has

to +
主语动词原形
had better

+ had better +
动词主原语
+ had better + not +
情态动词 疑问句 肯定回答 否定回答

can Can +
主语
+
动词原形
? Yes,

can. No,

can t

?

may. Sure. No,

may May +
主语
+
动词原形
Yes,

may not.

? shall Shall +



+
动词原形
Yes, please. All , let

s not.
should Should +
主语
+
动词原形
Yes, ?

should. No,

shouldn

t
must Must +
主语
+
动词原形
?Y es,

must. No,

needn

t


d on

have

has

toD o (does)+



+

Yes,

do (doesN).o , t (doesn

t)
have to +
动词原形
?

had better
/ /



名词复数规则
1
.一般情况下,直接加
-s
,如:
book-books, bag-bags, cat- cats,
bed-beds
结尾,加
es

2
.以
s. x. sh. ch -
,如:
bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes,
watch-watches
再加
3
.以“辅音字母
+ y
”结尾,变
y

i,

-es
,如:
family- families,
strawberry-strawberries

-es4
.以“
f

fe


结尾,变
f

fe

v,
再加

,如:
knife-knives
5
.不规则名词复数:
man-men, woman-women, policeman- policemen,
policewoman-policewomen, mouse- mice, child-children,foot-feet,
tooth- teeth,fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese,
Japanese-Japanese
可数名词变为复数形式有如下变化,如下表:
情况
一般情况

-


构成方法
在词尾
+ s
例词
desk-desks, apple- apples
class-classes, box-boxes
peach- peaches, dish-dishes
以辅音字母加
y
结尾的词变 再
y

i + efas ctory-factories, family- families
以元音字母加
y
结尾的词 在词尾
+ s day-days, boy-boys, key-key

f

fe
结尾的词变
f

fe

v

+ esk nife-knives, wife-wives
leaf- leaves, life-lives
以辅音字母
o
结尾的词 有生命的
+ es potato-potatoes, hero-heroes
无生命的
+ s photo-photos

oo
结尾的
+ s
技巧归纳

f(e

ve

s
口诀

1
)树叶半数自己黄

妻子拿刀去割粮 架后窜出一只狼 就像小偷逃命
男人
老鼠
结尾的词 在词尾
+ es

2
)常用不规则名词复数形式
foot-feet

man-men
女人
tooth-teeth

woman-women mouse-mice
goose-geese



child-children
小孩




(3)


复数同形
fish



l

jin

yuan

mu

sheep

deer
小鹿
Chinese
中国人
Japanese
日本人
means
手段
单复名词同形:中国人日本人都爱绵羊
高频考点
man woman
two men doctors
两位男医生
(4)


有复数形式,没有单数形式
鹿和鱼
.
many women leaders
很多女领导
作定词修饰复数时需变为复数形式
trousers
裤子
clothes
衣服
shorts
短裤
goods
商品
glasses
眼镜
shoes


5
)常用不可数名词
advice
建议
baggage

gold

sand

grass

行李
bread
面包
glass
玻璃
rain

oil

steel
paper

butter



salt

beauty
漂亮
change
零钱
information
信息
smoke

water

homework
作业
cloth food
食品
money

tea

snow

wealth
财富
furniture
家具
水果
milk



介词口诀:
介词的用法
早、午、晚要用
in



at
黎明、午夜、点与分。
年、月、年月、季节、周,阳光、灯、影、衣、冒
将来时态
in..
以后,小处
at
大处
in



有形
with
无形
by
,语言、单位、材料
in



特征、方面与方式,心情成语惯用
in



介词
at

to
表方向,攻击、位置、恶、善分。
日子、日期、年月日,星期加上早、午、晚,
收音、农场、值日
on
,关于、基础、靠、著论。
着、罢、出售、偷、公、假,故意、支付、相反,准。
特定时日和 “一⋯⋯就”,
on
后常接动名词。
年、月、日加早、午、晚,
of
之前
on

in



in



cotton
棉花
rice
大米
fruit



步行、驴、马、玩笑
on

cab

carriage
则用
in



at
山脚、门口、在当前,速、温、日落、价、核心。
工具、和、同随
with
,具有、独立、就、原因。
就⋯⋯来说宾译主,对、有、方状、表细分。
海、陆、空、车、偶、被
by
,单数、人类
know to man
this



that



tomorrow

yesterday

next

last



one

接年、月、季、星期、周,介词省略已习惯。
over

under
正上下,
above

below
则不然,
若与数量词连用,混合使用亦无关。 ‘
beyond
超出、无、不能,
against
靠着,对与反。
besides

except
分内外,
among
之内
along
沿。
同类比较
except
,加
for
异类记心间。
原状
because of,

owing to

due to
表语形容词
under
后接修、建中,
of

from
物、化分。
before

after


一点
, ago

later
表一段。


before
能接完成时,
ago
过去极有限。
since
以来
during
间,
since
时态多变换。
与之相比
beside
,除了
last but one



复不定
for
、找、价、原,对、给、段、去、为、作、赞。

快到、对、向
towards
,工、学、军、城、北、上、南。
but for
否定用虚拟,复合介词待后言。
ing
型由于鉴,除了除外与包合。
之后、关于、在
....
方面,有关介词须记全。
in

to
外表位置,山、水、国界
to
在前。
代词的用法
.
主格
I you he she it
宾格
me you him her it
形容词性物主代词
my your his her its


we they
us them
our their




名词性物主代词
mine
反身代词
yours his hers its ours theirs
yourself
myself himself herself itself ourselvesth emselves
yourselves
主格:一般放在句子前
,
做主语
.
宾格:一般放在动词
,
介词(
for



to



of


)后
.
形容词性物主代词:修饰名词
,
放在名词前
.
名词性物主代词:代表名词
,
后不跟名词
.
反身代词及其一般用法
反身代词表示动作回到其执行者本身用以加强语气。
反身代词的分类
1
.第一人称
2
.第二人称
3
.第三人称
单数:
myself
我自己
单数:
yourself


自己
单数:
himself
他自己
复数:
ourselves
我们自己
复数:
yourselves
你们自己

herself
她自己
itself


自己
复数:
themselves
他们自己、她们自己、它们自己
反身代词在句子中的用法
1
.作表语
2
.作宾语
3
.作介宾
4
.作同位语
She's not herself today.


今天跟平常真是判若两人。
Please help yourself to some fish.
请随便吃点鱼。
I learned English by myself.
我自学英语。
He can do that himself.
他自己能做那件事。
There be
有,表示存在。
There is+
单数、不可数名词

There be
”句 型结构:
There are+
复数
There isa boy in the
There aren't any
肯定句: “ 主语(某人




某地
There be+
物)
+
room.
否定句: “ 主语
+

某地
There be + not (any)+
books on the desk.
一般疑问句: “
Be



i

are

there +(any)+
主语
+

某地

Yes



there is are.
” “
No, there isn't aren't.

It +be



谈论天气 “ It's going to rain. ”说到时间 “It's time to go to
school. ” 距离远近 “It's far to get there. 情况程度” “It's hard to
learn. ”
连词的用法一、并列连词:
1. and 连接单词 My brother and I study in the same school.
连接短语 Our knowledge may come from the books and from
practice. 连接句子 We are singing and they are dancing.
2. but 但是 而是 I have a pen but no pencil. or 或者
Will you go there by bus or on foot?
but 除了,只有
I did nothing but watch it.
表示否则 Hurry up or you will be late.
表示因为
He is good at math for he studies harder than others.
表示后句概念由前句转折而来
The weather is very cold, still we needn ’
t wear more clothes.
only , but also 不仅, 而且 可并列主、谓、宾、表及句子主语并列时,谓语
要就近一
致 Not only he but also I am a teacher.
well as 以及,同样 并列单词、短语、句子。


并列主语时,动词要随前面的主语变
化 He works as well as he can
, or 既, 又, ,或, 或, 并列主、谓、宾、表及状语 Either
come in or go out.
, nor 既不, 也不 并列主、谓、宾、表、状语,并列主语时,谓语就近一
致 Neither you nor he speaks French.
和,既 , 也 并列主、谓、宾及表语 , and
I can play both football and basketball.


也不,引导句子要倒
装 He can not speak English, nor can I.
You like apples, so do I.
二、从属连词:
1. after 表示“时间”,在 , 之后
After I finished the school, I became a worker i
n the factory.
though 表示让步, “尽管” Although she is
young, she knows a lot.
表示时间,“当 , 时”,方式“象 , ”,原因,“由于、因为”让步, “尽
管、虽然”
As it was late, we mus
t go now.
ifas though 表方式,“似乎、好像”


He told is such a story as though he had been
there before.
long asso long as 表条件,“只要” As long as I am free, I’ ll go to
help you.
soon as 表时间,“一, 就, ” I will phone you as soon as I
come back.
表原因,“因为” I have to stay in bed because I am
ill.
表时间,“在 , 之前
“ You should think more before you do it.
if even though 表让步,“即使” You should try
again even if you failed.
, when 表时间,“(刚)一,
就” Hardly I entered the gate when the bell rang.
“假如”,引导条件状语从句 What should I do net if the
rain doesn ’t stop?
“是否”,引导宾语从句 I don ’ t
know if he comes back or not.
case 表目的,“以防,以
免” You should be more careful in case there is a fire.
order that 表目的,“为了,以便”

We study hard in order that we ca n


pass the exam.
matter +疑问词 表让步,“无论,不管”
No matter what you do, you shoul
d try your best.
sooner , than 表时间,“刚一 , 就, ”
No sooner had I come home than it
began to rain.
that 表原因,“既然,因为,由于”
Now that you are on duty,you should
clean the classroom.
表时间,“一旦 , ” Once you promise , you should do it.
三、其他
表时间,“自从 , 以来” He has been in this company since he
left school. 表原因,“既然,由
于” Since the job is dangerous, let ’s do it more carefully.
far asas far as 表条件,“就 , 而言,就 , 而论”
As far as I know, it is easy for you
to speak in English.
that
便”
表目的“以
Speak loud so that everybody can hear clearly. 表
结果“如此 ,以


致” He got up so late that he missed the bus.

表示比较,
“比” Things were worse than we thought.

无词义,引导名词性从
句 It is dangerous that we walk on the thin ice. 引导定语
从句和状语从句 She hurried that she might not be late for
work.
表条件,“除非,如果
不” I will go to the zoo unless it rains.
till 表时间,“直到 , 为止” I’ll
wait till he comes back.
表时间,“当 , 时
“ When they got there, the train has left.
“是否”引导名词性从句 Whether he can some to
see us is unknown.
表让步,“不管 无论、是
否” Whether she is ill or well, she is always happy.
表时间,“当,
时” While he was in Beijing, he visited the Great Wall.
表让步,“尽管,既然” While I find the problems very difficult, I don ’
t think them insoluble.
表时间,“无论什么时
候” Whenever you meet any trouble, tell me at once.

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