高中英语情态动词的常用用法归纳(超详细)
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高中英语情态动词的常用用法归纳（超详细）
英语情态动词的常用用法归纳
1概念
在英语的动词当中，凡是用来刻画人的情感动作的动词，我们称之为情态
动词
，情态动词有着具体的汉语意思。但却不能独立作谓语和后面的行为动词
一起构成和成谓语。区别于其他
的行为动词，情态动词没有人称和数的变化，
有少数的时态现象—— 一般时、过去时、将来时等。
2应用
一.Can
1、can表示说话人的能力，常译作能、能够、会。
eg：I can speak English very well.
Can you
swim across the river? Yes, I can No, I can’t.
2、 can可以用来表示说话人的客观可能性，通常应用于否定疑问句式中。
eg：People can’t live without water.
Can
you finish the jobs in three hours?
Can this
be true.
3、
在口语里，can表示允诺、允许、可以。等于may，但是may的语气
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高中英语情态动词的常用用法归纳（超详细）
重于can。
eg：Can I come in? = May I come in?
Can I
use your bike? = May I use your bike ?
*表示允许可以may mightcould can
4、
在“过去时”的语境里，通常用could 表示它的过去式，用be able to
短语（waswere）
而could通常用来在一般现在时的语境里表示委婉语气
eg：Could（can）you show me the way to the
supermarket?
5、 can表示猜测
（1）对现在状态的一种猜测，只能用在否定疑问句中。
eg：Zhang can’t
be ill really?
This can’t be done by him.
（2）对现在动作的猜测
eg: The boy can’t be telling
lies.
Mary works so hard, now, she can’t be
sleeping.
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高中英语情态动词的常用用法归纳（超详细）
（3）对过去动作的一种猜测
eg：He can’t have gone to the bookshop
yesterday.
Mother couldn’t have said it.
6、 can（could）惯用法
（1）can’t wait to do
迫不及待做…….
eg: Children can’t wait to eat apples
in the basket.
（2）can’t help doing 情不自禁做某事。
eg：When I heard the news I can’t help
laughing.
（3）can’t but do 不得不
eg：I can’t
but refuse you.
We can’t but ask him about it.
*can’t but do 区别于 have to
have to
表示说话人在客观条件下的无奈所为，表示说话人的一种无奈情
绪。
can’t but
do强烈突出说话人内心的反抗反对情绪。
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高中英语情态动词的常用用法归纳（超详细）
二.May
1、
may表示可能性，也许、可能，通常应用于正式文体
eg：China may make
friends with many people all the world.
Boss
said that you might drive this new car.
You
may not take this book out of the reading room.
2、 may表示允许、允诺，口语中等于can, may比can语气强。
eg：May
I speak here?
May I go in to the room to see
her? Yes, you may. No, you mustn’t.
*may
表示允诺、允许，其问句回答的排序
eg：May I use your pen?
Yes, you sure please. ok…..
No, you
mustn’tyou had better notplease don’tyou can’tI
don’t
think you canyou may not
3、
might在表示上述概念时，语气更委婉
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高中英语情态动词的常用用法归纳（超详细）
eg：She was
afraid that they might not her idea.
He asked
if he might look through your album.
4、 may
表示推测，通常用于肯定句中
（1）对现在状态的一种推测。
eg：He may be
very busy now.
（2） 对现在动作的一种推测。
eg：Where is
Tom? He may(might) be having breakfast at this
moment.
（3） 对过去动作的一种推测。
eg：Where were you
last night?
I might have watched TV or have
read the novel at home.
5、 may的固定用法
（1）
may在祈使句中至于句首表示祝愿。
eg：May you succeed!
May
god be with you.
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高中英语情态动词的常用用法归纳（超详细）
May you live
to be one hundred.
（2） may在状语从句当中构成特殊的状语结构。
eg：They wanted to go to the Chinese restaurant
they might eat the soup.
（3）maymight as well +
动词原形表示 还是….
eg：You may as well post him the
letter again.
It was snowing I might as well
stay at home.
三.must have to
1、must表示 必须、
一定、一定要，是所有情态动词当中语气最强的，突
出表现说话人的一种指责，即说话人主观上应该……
…
eg：Everybody must obey the rules.
People
must do everything step by step.
Must we hand
in our working plan this week?
Yes, you must.
No, you needn’t you don’t have to.
have to
必须、不得不、表示说话人客观条件下必须要做的事情，烘托说
话人的无奈情绪。
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高中英语情态动词的常用用法归纳（超详细）
eg：I had to
answer the same question three times in class.
I hope you will have to finish your schooling
this year.
2、must表示推测，但通常应用于肯定句式。
（1）对现在动作的一种推测 must be doing
eg：You haven’t
warm clothes, you must be feeling cold.
（2）对现在状态的一种推测。
eg：ZhangHua must be in his
room, because he telephoned me five minutes
ago.
（3）对过去动作的一种推测 must have done
eg：The road is white, it must have rained last
night.
You must have caught the first train,
if you have got up early.
四.need
1、need是特殊
的行为动词，具有双重性，即情态动词和行为动词两种形
式，通常肯定句式用行为动词形式need
to do，否定和疑问用情态动词形式。
eg：You need to go there by
yourself.
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高中英语情态动词的常用用法归纳（超详细）
He needs to
read it for many times.
We needn’t worry about
him.
Heed I finish my job today?
Need I
come here tomorrow? Yes, you need Yes, you need
Yes you should
Yes, you , you must.
正确排序：Yes, you must Yes, you have to Yes, you
ought to Yes, you
should Yes,
you need.
2、need的特殊用法，可以表示责备。
need have done
需要做而没有做的事。
needn’t have done 没有必要做反而做了的事。
eg：You need have done it three days before.
The train is close to us, you needn’t have
hurried their early.
3、need的固定用法
need
doing = need to be done 表示被动意义
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高中英语情态动词的常用用法归纳（超详细）
eg：This young
tree needs watering.
五.dare
1、dare与need一样，
具有行为动词，情态动词双重性，肯定句为行为动
词，否定疑问句为情态动词。
eg：Mary dares to go there alone.
Dare you
go through the forest at night? Yes, I dare.
She dare not stay at home alone.
No one
dared speak of it again.
2、dare的惯用法
I dare
say 我敢说。
eg：If your father dies, who will get
the money? I dare say my uncle will.
六.ought
to should
1、ought
to指说话人在道义和义务上应尽的责任和义务，使用ought
to具
有一定针对性，通常是按理推断。
should表示应该，只是强调单从人说话的角度上看指 劝告、建议，语气比
ought
to 弱。
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高中英语情态动词的常用用法归纳（超详细）
eg：You are her mother; you ought to look after
her well.
The youth ought to defend our mother
land.
You ought to take your parents’
suggestion (advice).
Ought I to obey the rule
in your class?
Yes, you ought to No, you
oughtn’t
Oughtn’t we to do everything possible
to stop pollution?
We should study foreign
language very hard.
One should be selfish.
We should encourage the newer, for we are his
classmates.
2、should在虚拟语气当中可以构成特殊的谓语结构
eg：I suggested that he (should) be sent to the
hospital at once.
should 在虚拟语气中放在疑问，否定句中表示惊讶
eg：I shouldn’t worry if I were you.
Why
should she do that?
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高中英语情态动词的常用用法归纳（超详细）
3、 ought to,
should 表示责备
Ought to (should) + be doing
Oughtn’t to (should) + be doing
指说话人对现在动作的一种责备。
Ought to (should) + have done
表示说话人对过去动作的一种责备。
eg：You should be washing your
clothes, why are you playing here?
Children
shouldn’t be watching this film, they should be at
school.
You should have gone over your
lessons.
You oughtn’t to have watch TY so
late.
I’m feeling sick. I oughtn’t to have
eaten so much ice-cream.
七.will shall
1、will 从情态动词的角度上看，充分地体现了will 的原始汉意 意愿、愿
意
表示这一层意思will可用于多种人称。
eg：I will do everything
for you.
Who will go with me?
2、will在疑问句当中通常在和第二人称搭配，表示征询对方意见，表示….
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高中英语情态动词的常用用法归纳（超详细）
好吗？
eg：Will you help me carry this box?
Will
you open the door for me, please?
Won’t you
come over?
3、表示某种习惯或某些倾向的动作，通常是it主语
eg：Fish will die without water.
What’s the
matter with the door? It won’t lock.
Which do
you want, this or that? Either will do.
4、
shall
在应用时比较强调人称的搭配，即不同的人称代表不同的语境，
shall应用于第一人称时
表示说话人征询对方意见。
eg：What shall we do next?
shall应用于第一，第三人称时，除了表示征询对方意见以外，还表示向对
方委婉的请求。
eg：Shall I open the door?
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高中英语情态动词的常用用法归纳（超详细）
Shall we sit
here?
Shall the boy wait outside? = Do you
want the boy to wait outside?
shall应用在第二，第三人称时，表示说话人给予对方警告和命令，允许或
威胁。
eg：You shall fail if you don’t work harder.
(警告)
He shall have the book till he finished
reading it.
You shall do as t say.允许
八.used to would
1、would 表示意愿，愿意即 will
的过去式，语气更加委婉些，通常是will
发生在从句里。
eg：He said
that he would try his best to help us.
Don’t
worry, I promised that I would do.
would
在表达will 的意愿，愿意的语气时，通常会形成特殊的句型，句式。
eg：Would you
please have lunch with us?
Would you pass me
the book on the desk?
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高中英语情态动词的常用用法归纳（超详细）
Would you like
me to carry it for you?
That would be kind of
you.
2、would表示过去常常，即主语常有的一种习惯，但只局限于过去某一阶
段的动作。
eg：I would drink green tea.
When he was
young, he would smoke a lot.
I have still
remember the boy, He used to ask some stupid
questions.
3、 would
可以用在特殊的语境里，表示说话人的情感或情绪上的宣泄，
常用于否定句，肯定句，不用再疑问句里。
eg：I don’t really understand you, why?
----No, you wouldn’t. (不指望你明白)
4、
would的惯用法
would可以用在虚拟语气中
eg：I wish the
rain would stop for a moment.
Would rather do
than do？
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高中英语情态动词的常用用法归纳（超详细）
would mind
doing 做……你介意吗？
eg：Would you mind opening the
window?
5、 used to过去常常
（1） 和would比较起来，used
to 强调过去常常发生的某事而现在不是。
used
to没有其他的词形变化，不能与其他的情态动词连用，表示从前经常发生
的动作现在却不复存在了。
eg：My uncle used to take cold bath in winter.
Jams used to have fat meat.
（2） used to
有时根据上下文可判定used to后面的成分，所以情态动词
used
to后面的行为动词可省略。
eg：I can’t stand as much as I
used to.
（3）used to 的否定形式
在used
to前面用didn’t表示
I didn’t use to smoke.
在used
to前面加never
When I was as young as you,
students never used to say anything against their
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高中英语情态动词的常用用法归纳（超详细）
teachers.
在used to 后面加not
The woman in
our office used not to clean the room.
（4）
used to 在反意疑问句中的表示
eg：John used to be a
policeman, didn’t he? used not he?
--------Yes, he , he didn’t.
--------Yes,
he used , he usedn’t to
九.had better
最好---；应该-----（=should 约等于 ought to）
1、与第一人称I ，we 连用时，表示说话人的某种意向。
eg：I think we
had better wear warm clothes in this season.
We had better wait for her for a moment.
2、与第二人称连用时，表示说话人的忠告，劝告。
eg：You had better
go immediately lest you miss the good chance.
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高中英语情态动词的常用用法归纳（超详细）
You
had better read the test again and again.
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