九年级英语上册 被动语态详细的讲解 外研版
南航金城-粮食日
被动语态
一、被动语态概述
语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓
语动词之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种：
主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被
动语态表示主语是动作的承受
者。被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般说来，只有需要动作对象的及物
动词才有被动语
态。汉语往往用被、受、给等词来表示被动意义。
如：He
opened the door. 他打开了这扇门。（主动语态）
The door
was opened. 这扇门被打开了。（被动语态）
二、被动语态的构成
被动
语态由助动词be+及物动词的过去分词构成。被动语态的时态变化只改变be的形
式，过去分词部分不
变。疑问式和否定式的变化也如此。
各种时态的被动语态举例（以动词do为例）
1．一般现在时（am is are +done）
English is
spoken by lots of people in the world.
世界上的许多人都说英语。
The classroom is cleaned by the
students every day. 学生们每天都打扫教室。
2．一般过去时(was
were +done)
The cup was broken by the boy.
杯子被那个男孩打碎了。
My bike was stolen. 我的自行车被偷了。
3．一般将来时与过去将来时(will shall be +done; wouldshould
be +done)
A new road will be built next year.
明年要修一条新马路。
I thought thousands of people
would be helped. 我认为将有数千人得到帮助。
4．现在进行时与过去进行时(am is are being +done; was were
being +done)
The machine was being repaired
at this time yesterday. 昨天这时，机器正在被修
理。
The
problem is being discussed now. 问题正在被讨论。
5．现在完成时(have has been + done)
Two hundred
trees have been planted by now. 到现在为止，已经种了二百棵树了。
The book has been read many times by me.
这本书已经被我读了许多遍了。
6．过去完成时(had been + done)
They said they had been invited to the party.
他们说已经被邀请参加晚会了。
She found the house had been
destroyed by the storm. 她发现房子已被暴风雨摧毁。
含有情态动词的被动语态
情态动词的被动语态结构为：情态动词+be+过去分词；其时态及
句型的变化仅由情态动词完
成，过去分词部分不变。如：
Tables can be
made of stone.桌子可由石头制造。
Tables could be made
of stone at that time. 那时桌子可由石头制造。（一般过去时）
用心
爱心 专心
Can tables be made of stone?
桌子能用石头制造吗？（疑问句）
三、主动语态变为被动语态
1、转换图示：
Eg. Tom killed him. → He was killed by
Tom.
They held a meeting yesterday. → A
meeting was held by them yesterday.
He sang a
song. → A song was sung by him.
2、主动语态变为被动语态的注意事项：
含有双宾语，即直接宾语（常指事物）和间接宾
语（常指人）的句子，每个宾语都可变
为被动语态的主语，即其被动语态有两种形式。但多以间接宾语作
主语。
Jack told us the truth. 杰克告诉了我们真相。
We
were told the truth by Jack.
The truth was
told (to) us by Jack.
四、动词的主动形式表示被动之意
① be动词
② ……起来（7个）：lookseemappear,
feel(感觉，摸起来), sound, smell, taste
She
seemsappears happy.
It smells terrible.
③ (逐渐)变得变成：become, grow, get, turn, come, go
His wish has come true.
People often
went hungry in the old days.
The tree is
growing tall.
④ 保持：keep, stay
We must
keep quiet in the reading room.
五、感官动词的被动语态。
感官动词后面的宾语有三种形式：doing,done和do（
不带to的不定式）。但在变为被动语
态时，省略to 的不定式要还原to。感官动词主要有
see, watch, notice, observe, hear,
feel
主动：
1．后接不带to的不定式表示一个发生过或者还没发生具体的动作。
I often heard the song sung, but I have never
heard you sing it.
When you go to watch the
football watch, you will enjoy seeing the Chinese
football
team win.
2．后接V-ing形式表伴随的动作。
Seeing the sun rising above the surface of the
sea, we let out a shout of joy.
Hearing this,
I felt my heart beating fast.
3．后接V-ed形式表被动意义。
After his return twenty years later, he found
his home town greatly changed.
Although I had
learnt some English, I had never heard a word of
it spoken.
用心 爱心 专心
被动
1，I saw him go upstairs. → He was seen to go
upstairs.
2，Our teacher made us study harder.
→We were made to study harder (by our teacher).
用心 爱心 专心