TED英语演讲：你该如何面对艰难的选择
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TED英语演讲：你该如何面对艰难的选择
人生的选择无处不在，有的选择很简单
，有的选择则很艰难。而
艰难的选择并不都是大的抉择，甚至中午吃什么也会变得很艰难。所
以
面对艰难选择，我们应该如何抉择?本期TED演讲者Ruth Chang将
告诉我们，面对艰难选择
，我们一开始的方向就错了。下面是小编为
大家收集关于TED英语演讲：你该如何面对艰难的选择，欢
迎借鉴参
考。
面对困难的选择，我们一开始就错了
演讲者：Ruth
Chang
Think of a hard choice you'll face in
the near future. It
might be between two
careers--artist and accountant--or places
to
live--the city or the country--or even between two
people
to marry--you could marry Betty or you
could marry Lolita. Or
it might be a choice
about whether to have children, to have
an
ailing parent move in with you, to raise your
child in a
religion that your partner lives by
but leaves you cold. Or
whether to donate your
life savings to charity.
设想在不久的未来，你将面对一个艰难的决
定。这也许是在两份
职业中做出一个选择，艺术家还是会计师;也许是选择居住的地方，
城市还
是乡村;也许是在两个人中选择和谁结婚，Betty
或者是
Lolita;抑或思考是否要孩子;是否让年老体衰的父母跟你一起住;是
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否让你的孩子信奉你配偶信仰的宗教，即便你会因自身不信奉而被冷
落;又或者说，是否将毕生积储捐赠给慈善机构。
Chances are, the
hard choice you thought of was something
big,
something momentous, something that matters to
you. Hard
choices seem to be occasions for
agonizing, hand-wringing, the
gnashing of
teeth. But I think we've misunderstood hard
choices
and the role they play in our lives.
Understanding hard
choicesuncovers a hidden
power each of us possesses.
有可能，你所思考的这些艰难抉择都
十分庞大，十分重要你也十
分重视。每当困难的选择出现，他都会让你感到痛苦、绝望，让你咬
牙切齿。但我认为我们误解了艰难抉择的定义，更误解了其在我们生
活中扮演的角色。倘若能理解这些艰
难决定，我们每个人便会发掘出
一种隐藏的潜力。
What makes a
choice hard is the way the alternatives relate.
In any easy choice, one alternative is better
than the other.
In a hard choice, one
alternative is better in some ways, the
other
alternative is better in other ways, and neither
is better
than the other overall. You agonize
over whether to stay in your
current job in
the city or uproot your life for more challenging
work in the country, because staying is better
in some
ways,moving is better in others, and
neither is better than the
other overall.
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一个抉择之所以难是由于选项之间相互关联。任何简单的抉择中，总有一种选择比另一种要好。可在艰难抉择中，一种选择在某些方面
较好，另一种选择在其他方面较
好，二者各有千秋让人无法定夺。你
痛苦地纠结于应该继续呆在这座城市里干这份工作，还是改变一下你
的生活方式到乡村去接受更具挑战性的工作，因为留下有留下的好处，
离开也有好处，两种选择
各有千秋难以定夺。
We shouldn't think that all hard
choices are big. Let's say
you're deciding
what to have for breakfast. You could have high
fiber bran cereal or a chocolate donut.
Suppose what matters
in the choice is
tastiness and healthfulness. The cereal is
better for you, the donut tastes way better,
but neither is
better than the other overall,
a hard choice.
我们不应该认为所有的艰难抉择都很庞大。打个比方，你正决定<
br>吃什么早餐。你可以吃高纤维全谷干麦片，或者吃巧克力甜甜圈。假
设在此抉择中的决定性因素是
美味程度和健康程度。麦片对你身体好，
甜甜圈却好吃很多，但两者都有自身优势，这就是一个艰难抉择
。
Realizing that small choices can also be
hard, may make big
hard choices seem less
intractable. After all, we manage to
figure
out what to have for breakfast, so maybe we can
figure
out whether to stay in the city or
uproot for the new job in
the country.
如果意识到小的选择也可能会变得困难，那面对大的艰难抉择时
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我们可能就不会觉得那么棘手了。毕竟，我们总能决定早餐吃什么，
所以我们也许能够想明白，究竟要留
在市区，还是到乡下接手新的工
作。
We also shouldn't think
that hard choices are hard because
we are
stupid. When I graduated from college, I couldn't
decide
between two careers, philosophy and
law. I really loved
philosophy. There are
amazing things you can learn as a
philosopher,
and all from the comfort of an armchair. But I
came
from a modest immigrant family where my
idea of luxury was
having a pork tongue and
jelly sandwich in my school lunchbox,
so the
thought of spending my whole life sitting around
in
armchairs just thinking ... Well, that
struck me as the height
of extravagance and
frivolity.
同时，我们也不应该觉得，选择之所以难是因为自己很愚蠢。在
我
刚大学毕业的时候，我无法从两种职业中抉择，哲学还是法律。我
真心喜欢哲学，若能成为哲学家，便能
学到很多惊奇的东西，而且舒
舒服服地坐在椅子上就好。可我出生自一个朴实简素的移民家庭，我
对奢侈的概念，就是能在上学的午餐盒里找到一块猪舌和一份果冻三
明治。所以这种一辈子仅坐在椅子
上思考的想法，其实，对我来说只
是一种奢侈和轻浮的假象罢了。
So I got
out my yellow pad, I drew a line down the middle,
and I tried my best to think of the reasons
for and against each
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alternative. I remember thinking to
myself, if only I knew what
my life in each
career would be like. If only God or Netflix
would send me a DVD of my two possible future
careers, I'd be
set. I'd compare them side by
side, I'd see that one was better,
and the
choice would be easy.
所以我拿出自己黄色笔记本，在中间划了一条线，
然后竭尽所能
地写出每种选择的利与弊。当时我就想：如果能知道选择某种职业后
我的人生会变
成怎样就好了。如果上帝或者网飞公司能送我一张DVD
来向我描述这两种充满可能性的职业生涯，那我
就能做出选择了。我
就能一一对比，看看哪种更好，这样一来抉择就简单多了。
But
I got no DVD, and because I couldn't figure out
which
was better, I did what many of us do in
hard choices: I took
the safest option. Fear
of being an unemployed philosopher led
me to
become a lawyer, and as I discovered, lawyering
didn't
quite fit. It wasn't who I was.
但
我没有收到这种DVD，而且由于我实在想不出哪一种更优，我
就和大多数人一样：选择了最安全的一项
。成为失业哲学家的恐惧，
驱使我成了一名律师。可后来我发现，当律师不大适合我，这不是真
正的我。
So now I'm a philosopher, and I study
hard choices, and I
can tell you, that fear of
the unknown, while a common
motivational
default in dealing with hard choices, rests on a
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misconception of them.
所以我现在是名哲学家，我钻研艰难抉择，我可以告诉大家，对
未知产生恐惧是在进行困难抉择时的自然
反应，而这种恐惧来源于对
艰难抉择的误解。
It's a mistake to
think that in hard choices, one
alternative
really is better than the other, but we're too
stupid to know which, and since we don't know
which, we might
as well take the least risky
option. Even taking two
alternatives side by
side with full information, a choice can
still
be hard. Hard choices are hard not because of us
or our
ignorance; they're hard because there
is no best option.
我们不应该认为，在艰难抉择中某种选择总会会比另一种
好，可
我们自身太愚蠢，所以无法辨别，那既然我们无法定夺，倒不如选风
险最小的那项。就算
你完全了解了两种选项并将其一一对照，你仍然
很难决定。选择之所以难，不是因为我们无知;难的原因
在于没有最
优选项。
Now, if there's no best
option, if the scales don't tip in
favor of
one alternative over another, then surely the
alternatives must be equally good. So maybe
the right thing to
say in hard choices is that
they're between equally good options.
But that
can't be right. If alternatives are equally good,
you
should just flip a coin between them, and
it seems a mistake
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to think,
here's how you should decide between careers,
places
to live, people to marry: Flip a coin.
那么，如果没有最佳项，如果衡量的天秤不会倾向于 任何一方，
那么任何选项都一定是好
的。所以面对艰难抉择，可能正确的思维方
式，就是认为选项双方一样好。这种想法肯定不对。如果选项
都一样
好，那还不如直接抛硬币算了，这样就会产生思想误区，让你认为自
己选择事业、住处、
婚嫁时都抛硬币选择就好了。
There's another reason for
thinking that hard choices
aren't choices
between equally good options. Suppose you have
a choice between two jobs: you could be an
investment banker
or a graphic artist. There
are a variety of things that matter
in such a
choice, like the excitement of the work, achieving
financial security,having time to raise a
family, and so on.
还有另外一个原因，使艰难选择并非是在同等好的选项中抉择。
假设你要在两份工作中挑选： 你可以
做投资银行家，或做平面设计
师。在这个选择当中有颇多决定性因素，譬如工作带来的兴奋程度、
能获得的经济保障、顾家时间等等。
Maybe the artist's career
puts you on the cutting edge of
new forms of
pictorial expression. Maybe the banking career
puts you on the cutting edge of new forms of
financial
manipulation.
也许艺术家这个职业能让你接触最前沿的图像表达技术。或许当
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银行家你就能接触最前端的金融操纵手段。你可以想象任何两种你喜
欢的职业，但两者都不会比另一方好
的。
Imagine the two jobs however you like, so
that neither is
better than the suppose we
improve one of them, a bit.
Suppose the bank,
wooing you, adds 500 dollars a month to your
salary. Does the extra money now make the
banking job better
than the artist one? Not
necessarily. A higher salary makes the
banking
job better than it was before, but it might not be
enough
to make being a banker better than
being an artist.
现在，假设我们能稍微改进其中的一方。假设一间银行尝试讨
好
你，在你的月薪里增加500美元。这一笔额外的金钱会不会让这份银
行家的工作优于当艺术
家呢?说不准。更高的薪酬让银行家的工作优
于以前，但额外薪水不一定足够让成为银行家变得比成为艺
术家好。
But if an improvement in one of the
jobs doesn't make it
better than the other,
then the two original jobs could not have
been
equally good. If you start with two things that
are equally
good, and you improve one of them,
it now must be better than
the other. That's
not the case with options in hard choices.
可
如果对其中一种职业进行改进后结果并没有让一方优于另一
方，那么两种选择本身就不可能是一样好。如
果两件事一开始都同等
的好
，当你改进了其中一件，那它就一定会优于另一个。在艰难抉
择中并非如此。
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So now we've got a puzzle. We've got
two jobs. Neither is
better than the other,
nor are they equally how are we
supposed to
choose? Something seems to have gone wrong here.
Maybe the choice itself is problematic, and
comparison is
impossible. But that can't be
right. It's not like we're trying
to choose
between two things that can't be compared. We're
weighing the merits of two jobs, after all,
not the merits of
the number nine and a plate
of fried eggs. A comparison of the
overall
merits of two jobs is something we can make, and
one
we often do make.
那么现在我们就有一个疑惑了。这两份工
作，没有一方能完胜另
一方，但又不是同等的好。究竟该怎么选择呢? 貌似有些事情出错了。
可能选项的本身就存在问题，导致我们无法比较。但这也不对啊。我
们并不是要在两种不能被对比的事物
间选择。我们说到底是在衡量两
份工作的利弊，不是对比数字9和
一盘煎鸡蛋的好处。对比两份工
作的总体优势是我们能做到的，也是我们经常做的事。
I
think the puzzle arises because of an unreflective
assumption we make about value. We unwittingly
assume that
values like justice, beauty,
kindness, are akin to scientific
quantities,
like length, mass and weight. Take any comparative
question not involving value, such as which of
two suitcases
is heavier. There are only three
possibilities.
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我认为疑惑产生的原因源
于一种我们对价值的草率设想。我们不
知不觉地认为，诸如正义、美丽、善良的价值观都与一些科学度量
类
似，都能被量度，譬如长度、质量、重量。试想一个与价值观毫不相
关的比较，例如两个行李
箱中哪个更重。仅有三种可能性。
The weight of one is
greater, lesser or equal to the weight
of the
other. Properties like weight can be represented
by real
numbers -- one, two, three and so on
-- and there are only three
possible
comparisons between any two real numbers. One
number
is greater, lesser, or equal to the so
with values.
其中一个的重量大于、小于
或等于另一个。像重量这样的性质
能够用真实的数字来表达——1,2,3…… 而且在两个数字间的比
较
中只有三种可能。一个数字大于、小于或等于另一个数字价值观却不
是如此。
As post-Enlightenment creatures, we tend to assume
that
scientific thinking holds the key to
everything of importance
in our world, but the
world of value is different from the world
of
science. The stuff of the one world can be
quantified by real
numbers. The stuff of the
other world can't. We shouldn't assume
that
the world of is, of lengths and weights, has the
same
structure as the world of ought, of what
we should do.
作为后启蒙时期的生物，我们总是设想科学思维可以解决世界上一切重要的问题，但价值观的世界不同于科学的世界。科学界中， 一
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切事物可被数字度量。可价值观的世界中却不能。我们不能认为充斥
着“是否”、“长度” 和“重量”的数字世界与“该不该”和“该做什
么”的价值世界有着同样的架构。
So if what matters to us -- a child's delight, the love you
have for your partner — can't be represented by real numbers,
then there's no reason to believe that in choice, there are only
three possibilities -- that one alternative is better, worse
or equal to the other. We need to introduce a new, fourth
relation beyond being better, worse or equal, that describes
what's going on in hard choices. I like to say that the
alternatives are
所以，如果我们觉得重要的东西，如：孩子的幸福、对另一半的
爱，不能用数字来表示， 那么我们就没有理由相信， 在抉择过程中
只有三种可能性： 其中一选项总会优于、劣于或等于另一项 。我们
需要一种全新的思考维度，第四种关系除了优于、劣于和等于之外，
第四种关系能描述艰 难抉择的运行模式。我偏好把各选项看做 “等
价”。
When alternatives are on a par, it may matter very much
which you choose, but one alternative isn't better than the
other. Rather, the alternatives are in the same neighborhood
of value, in the same league of value, while at the same time
being very different in kind of value. That's why the choice
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is hard.
当所有选项等价时，你的选择就变得极为重要，但选项
本身却没
有哪个比其他的好。反之，所有的选择项都有类似的价值，都处于同
一种价值范畴当中
，但同时他们又具有不同的价值。这正是让选择变
得困难的原因。
Understanding hard choices in this way uncovers
something
about ourselves we didn't know. Each
of us has the power to
create reasons. Imagine
a world in which every choice you face
is an
easy choice, that is, there's always a best
alternative.
If there's a best alternative,
then that's the one you should
choose,because
part of being rational is doing the better thing
rather than the worse thing, choosing what you
have most reason
to choose.
如此理解艰难抉择，我们就
会在自己身上发现一些意料之外的东
西。我们每个人都有能力去创造理由。想象一下若在某个世界中你只
需面对简单抉择，那么，永远都有最佳项。若有最佳项，你就应该选
它，因为保持理智就意味着
选好的不选坏的，选最合理的。
In such a world, we'd have
most reason to wear black socks
instead of
pink socks,to eat cereal instead of donuts, to
live
in the city rather than the country, to
marry Betty instead of
Lolita. A world full of
only easy choices would enslave us to
reasons.
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在这样的世界里，我们有充足的理由去穿黑袜子而不穿粉
色袜子，
去吃干麦片不吃甜甜圈，去留在城市里不转向乡区，去娶Betty而不
娶Lolit
a。充满简单抉择的世界，会让我们成为“原由”的奴隶。
When you think
about it,it's nuts to believe that the
reasons
given to you dictated that you had most reason to
pursue
the exact hobbies you do, to live in
the exact house you do,
to work at the exact
job you do. Instead, you faced alternatives
that were on a par -- hard choices -- and you
made reasons for
yourself to choose that
hobby, that house and that job.
当你这样想，你会发现自己一定是疯了才会相信 摆在你面前的
选择会决定你追寻各种事物的理由，会决
定你的爱好，让你住现在的
房子，让你选现在的工作。事实上，当你面对的是多个选择，多个等
价的选择，困难的选择，你会为自己制造理由来选择这项爱好、这所
房子和这份工作。
When alternatives are on a par, the reasons given
to us,
the ones that determine whether we're
making a mistake, are
silent as to what to do.
It's here, in the space of hard choices,
that
we get to exercise our normative power -- the
power to
create reasons for yourself, to make
yourself into the kind of
person for whom
country living is preferable to the urban life.
当各选项等价时， 我们面前的各种理性原由， 这些让我们分清
对错的原由，
都无法给予我们一个答案。 唯有在这个有艰难抉择的
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世界里， 我们才能锻炼自己的 规范性力量，以创造自我的原由，
让
自己变成 心中想成为的人， 一种更喜爱乡村生活而不是城市生活的
人。
When we choose between options that are on a par,
we can
do something really rather remarkable.
We can put our very
selves behind an option.
Here's where I stand. Here's who I am,
I am
for banking. I am for chocolate donuts.
当我们需
要在等价选项间抉择时，我们能做出一些十分了不起的
事。我们能把自身放在一个选项之后。(说道)这
就是我的选择，这就
是我。我选银行业。我选巧克力甜甜圈。
This
response in hard choices is a rational response,
but
it's not dictated by reasons given to us.
Rather, it's supported
by reasons created by
us. When we create reasons for ourselves
to
become this kind of person rather than that, we
wholeheartedly become the people that we are.
You might say that
we become the authors of
our own lives.
在艰难抉择中，这种反应是一种理性反应，但却不是由我们面前<
br>的各种原由所决定的。反而，这是由我们自己创造的理由所支撑起来
的。当我们为自我创造原由去
成为这种人而非那种人时，我们就打心
底里完完全全地成就了真正的自己。你可以说，我们成了谱写自我
人
生篇章的作者。
So when we face hard choices,
we shouldn't beat our head
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against a wall trying to figure out
which alternative is better.
There is no best
alternative. Instead of looking for reasons
out there, we should be looking for reasons in
here: Who am I
to be? You might decide to be a
pink sock-wearing, cereal-loving,
country-
living banker, and I might decide to be a black
sock-wearing, urban, donut-loving artist. What
we do in hard
choices is very much up to each
of us.
所以当面对艰难抉择，不应该拿脑袋撞墙绞尽脑汁地去想哪个选
项更优。最
佳项并不存在。与其在外界苦命寻找理由，我们该往心里
找： 我想成为什么样的人?你可能会决定成为
一个穿粉色袜子、爱好
干麦片，还住在乡村的银行家。而我可能会决定成为一个穿黑袜子，
住在
城市里，喜欢吃甜甜圈的艺术家。面临艰难抉择时的反应很大程
度上 取决于我们自己每个人。
Now, people who don't exercise their
normative powers in
hard choices are drifters.
We all know people like that. I
drifted into
being a lawyer. I didn't put my agency behind
lawyering. I wasn't for lawyering. Drifters
allow the world to
write the story of their
lives. They let mechanisms of reward
and
punishment -- pats on the head, fear, the easiness
of an
option -- to determine what they do. So
the lesson of hard
choices: reflect on what
you can put your agency behind, on what
you
can be for, and through hard choices, become that
person.
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那些不锻炼自己规范性力量的人会成为
“漂流者”。我们都认识
那样的人。我(被理性原由限定)“漂流”成了律师。我并没有全身心
投入到律师业务当中。我不适合当律师。漂流者允许这个世界谱写他
们的生命篇章(被拖着走)。他们让
奖罚机制—— 鼓励、畏惧、选择
的简单性——来决定自己的道路。所以艰难抉择教会我们要审视自己<
br>能把身心与精力放到何处，自己究竟追求什么，并通过困难抉择来成
为那种人。
Far from being sources of agony and dread, hard
choices are
precious opportunities for us to
celebrate what is special
about the human
condition, that the reasons that govern our
choices as correct or incorrectsometimes run
out, and it is here,
in the space of hard
choices, that we have the power to create
reasons for ourselves to become the
distinctive people that we
are. And that's why
hard choices are not a curse but a godsend.
艰难抉择不是痛苦和恐惧的来源，而是难得的机遇让我们庆幸人
类有如此特殊的选择权利，庆幸有时候区
分选择正误的理性原由会用
尽，而且，庆幸有在这个具有艰难抉择的世界里，我们有能力去为自
己创造理由，去成为与众不同的自己。这就是为什么，艰难抉择不是
一种诅咒，而是天赐之物。
Thank you.(Applause)
谢谢(掌声)
你该如何面对艰难的选择观后感
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演讲台上，当别人激情澎湃、出口成章的时候，你是不是想过：
我什么时候能成为这样的人?
生活中，当听到别人在谈论某某考上了哪所名牌高校，做的什么
工作，年薪多少的时候，你是不是想过：
我什么时候能成为这样的人?
当你为此深夜辗转反侧、不能入眠的时候，有没有反问过自己：
我怎么样才能成为那样的人呢?
如何才能成为一个很厉害的人呢?
选择自己愿意选择的，即刻行动，从工作核心区开始。
选择自己愿意选择的
做重大选择时，应该从终极问题出发，以人生最高目标作为第一
原则。TED上有个视频叫：How
to make hard choices，演讲者是 Ruth
Chang，她在里面提到做出选
择时，就是找出说服自己的理由，想想
自己想成为怎样的人，比较外界的因素，确实更为有效。有很多时
候，
选择之所以艰难，就是因为我们没有想清楚自己到底想要的是什么，
从自身找原因去做出选
择更有效。
借用哲学家朱莉安的一句话：只有尊重你放弃的选项，才能让你
选择的选项变
得更有价值。做选择时就是进行价值观的衡量，应该完
全遵从自己的想法，选择自己愿意选择的选项。
在很多情况下，人们经常会在一些选择中面临二选一，比如学生
要毕业时会在考研还是去找
工作之中做出决定，谈恋爱时进展到一定
阶段就会考虑应该跟另一半结婚还是分手。当你面临两个极端选
择时，
第一步就是要学会不信任“是或否”式决定。你可能正在陷入了思维
17 <
/p>
狭隘的误区。需要跳出当前的思维方式，试着去用不同的角度去考虑
问题，比如可
以去寻找两个选择之间的连接点把能力连接起来?用六
顶思维帽来评估自己的误区和其它可能，试着做出
一些创造性的改造，
总之，永远不要放弃寻找第三选项，因为最好的选择，往往来自在更
高目标
指引下的我们的创造。
即使对一些重大选择做出了错误的决定，并也不代表你的人生就
毁
灭了，当你把时间放到一生来看，人生就是一个不断选择再选择的
过程，等过上一段时间新的选择也可能
会颠覆原先那个关键的选择，
选择本来也是可以被修正、被重塑的。不管你做了哪个选择，你的某
些东西或特质是永远不会改变的，只要你能坚持自己的目标，虽然走
的是另一条路但最终都会带着你走
向同一个目的地。
即刻行动
微信上曾发起过一个活动叫100天行动。在100天
内聚焦一个目
标，每天坚持下去，最终培养成习惯。这个活动目前有数十万人参加，
其中一个最
常见的现象就是有人在加入这个活动时，经常考虑太多的
问题，比如选择练字做为目标，然后就考虑应该
练什么字帖，选什么
笔，安排在什么时间，总想等到所有条件都合适或自己完全准备好才
会开始
，而一旦有这样的想法基本上都会拖延很长时间没有开始，当
你要去完成一件事的时候，并且不知道应该
如何去做，最好的办法就
直接开始去做。只要开始了第一步，就会有第二步、第三步。就象刚
才
提到的练字，只要开始写上几天字，然后定期做一些总结和回顾，
慢慢的就能找到符合自己的方法并且坚
持下去。
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在行动之后总会遇到各种各样问题，但只要问
题开始细化之后，
就比较容易去解决。但如果你总是想准备好之后再去行动，那么你永
远无法完
全准备好。
从工作核心区开始
任务分解的“三明治模型”
一个任务
可以象三明治一样分解成不同的类型和区域，对于我们
所面临的任务来说，绝大多数任务都有一个至关重
要、通常也是最棘
手的部分，这个部分需要我们集中精力、非常专注地进行思考，然后
将其破解
。一旦这个部分被完成，那么这个任务就已经完成了大半，
余下的就是一些支持性的、补充性的工作。
当你面临一个比较艰巨的任务的时候，直接把任务切片，找出工
作的核心区，然后开始调整
自己的状态、安排时间、环境，可以使用
番茄工作法，利用专注不受干扰的、能纯粹跳脱出来思考的、能
达至
“心流”状态把最关键的“核心区”搞定，这个任务会比较容易被攻
克。
对不同认知类型的工作分层处理
人的大脑在对不同认知类型进行切换时，需要重新进行调整，如<
br>在写书时可以分为文字、图片、排版，如果按常规方式进行，一边文
字一边排版，然后遇到配图的
地方，在找图，这样的效率就很低，但
你把任务按类型进行分解分为文字、插图和排版，写文字的时候就
一
路往下写，对于需要插图的地方，只是记下位置标记和特征要点，待
到一整章写完后，才返回
去加上插图。最后再排版，象使用PS处理
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图片中的图层一样进行分层操作，效率就很会提高很多。
在处理多项任务的场景中。比如你现在有两个任务要做，一个是
写一个 Word 文档，另一个是做一
个PPT，常规的做法是先把其中一
个做完再做另一个，或者其中一个先做。一部分再换到另一个。而图
层工作法可以这么做，把 Word 任务分解为Word 文字、 Word
图示、
Word 排版三部分，把 PPT 分解为 PPT 文字、PPT 图示、PPT
排版
三部分。然后将相同认知类型的工作组合在一起，处理的效率就会大
大加快。
“图层工作法”是完成一个复杂作品或者复杂项目的基础，甚至
可能是最有效的战术，而对于习惯于制作
简单作品的我们来说，它也
是帮助我们迈向更高行动能力的一架梯子。正如德国思想家本雅明所
说：“写一篇好散文要经过三个台阶，一个是音乐的，这时它被构思;
一个是建筑的，这时它被搭建起来
;最后一个是纺织的，这时它被织
成。”
子曰：吾日三省吾身。要想成为一个很厉害的人
，我们是不是也
得经常问问自己：是否选择了自己愿意为之拼搏的选择?选择之后是
否为之即刻
付诸行动?行动是否张弛有度、条理分明?
---来源网络整理，仅供参考
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