湖南师范大学分数线-银行竞聘演讲稿

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内部文件，版权追溯
内部文件，版权追溯
专题限时检测(二十) 阅读理解主旨大意类之全文大意题或段落大
意题
(加★的为全文大意题或段落大意题，本卷限时24分钟)
A
(2017·镇江市高三模拟考试)The habit­forming process within our brains is a
three­step loop (回路). First, there is a cue, a trigger that tells your brain to
go into automatic mode (模式) and which habit to use. Then there is the routine,
which can be physical or mental or emotional. Finally, there is a reward, which helps
your brain figure out if this particular loop is worth remembering for the
future. Over time, this loop — cues, routines, rewards — becomes more and more
automatic. The cue and reward become intertwined (交织) until a powerful sense of
anticipation and a desire appear. Eventually, a habit is born.
Habits aren't destiny. Habits can be ignored, changed, or replaced. But the
reason the discovery of the habit loop is so important is that it reveals a basic
truth: When a habit appears, the brain stops fully participating in
decision­making. It stops working so hard, or shifts focus to other tasks. So unless
you deliberately fight a habit — unless you find new routines — the pattern will
unfold automatically.
Habits never really disappear. They're encoded (把……编码) into the structures
of our brain, and that's a huge advantage for us, because it would be awful if we
had to relearn how to drive after every vacation. The problem is that your brain
can't tell the difference between bad and good habits, and so if you have a bad one,
it's always lurking (蛰伏) there, waiting for the right cues and rewards.
This explains why it's so hard to create exercise habits, for instance, or change
what we eat. Once we develop a routine of sitting on the sofa, rather than running,
or snacking whenever we pass a doughnut box, those patterns always remain inside
our heads. By the same rule, though, if we learn to create new neurological (神
经系统的) routines that overpower those behaviors — if we take control of the habit
loop — we can force those bad tendencies into the background. And once someone
creates a new pattern, studies have demonstrated, going for a jog or ignoring the

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doughnuts becomes as automatic as any other habit.
Of course, those decisions are habitual, effortless. As long as your basal
ganglia (基底核) is complete and the cues remain constant, the behaviors will occur
unthinkingly. At the same time, however, the brain's dependence on automatic
routines can be dangerous. Habits are often as much a curse as a benefit.
语篇解读：本文是科普说明文。文章主要介绍了习惯是如何形成的。
1．What can we learn about the habit loop from the first two paragraphs?
A．It helps your brain understand what is worth remembering.
B．It is a three­step loop consisting of a cue, a routine and a reward.
C．It becomes automatic and develops a sense of anticipation and desire.
D．It reveals a basic truth that the pattern of a habit will unfold automatically.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据前两段的内容，尤其是第一段中的“The habit­forming
process within our brains is a three­step loop(回路)．First，there is a cue ... Then
there is the routine ... Finally, there is a reward”可知，习惯形成的过程是一个
三步走的回路，分别是：提示、惯例和奖励。故选B项。
2．The advantage of habits never really disappearing is that ________.
A．we can easily change what we eat
B．we develop a routine of sitting on the sofa
C．we don't necessarily learn a skill again
D．we can distinguish between bad and good habits
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第三段前 两句可知，从未真正消失的习惯会被编入我们
的大脑结构中，正是得益于此，我们不必重新学习一门技能 。故选C项。
3．What can be inferred from the last sentence in Paragraph 4?
A．Habits can be changed and replaced.
B．Habits cannot be ignored or created.
C．Old patterns always exist in our brain.
D．New patterns seldom remain in our heads.
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句可知，研 究表明，一旦有人创造了新的
模式，慢跑或忽视甜甜圈就变得和任何其他的习惯一样自动化了。由此可推 断，习惯可以被
改变或替代。故选A项。
★ does the passage mainly talk about?
A．The discovery of the habit loop.
B．The automatic pattern of habits.
C．The research on the habit­forming process.

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D．The brain's dependence on automatic routines.
解析：选B 全文大意题。本文主要介绍的是习惯的形成是 一个自动化的过程，一旦人
们创造了新的习惯回路模式，习惯就可能被忽略、改变或替换。故B项最能概 括文章大意。
B
(2017·苏北四市高三期末联考)In creating A．'s
ordinary­yet­extraordinary life, the author Gabrielle Zevin has thrown every cliché
(老生常谈) into the mix. The hero, A．, lost his beloved wife Nic in a road
accident. The sales of his bookstore have been decreasing. The enthusiastic
new sales representative Amelia won't stop annoying him with new books. His rare
and very valuable first edition has gone missing. But the unexpected arrival of Maya
left in his care brings about a series of events with love and hope to his life.
There are few real surprises in the plot and attentive readers will be able to
tell where the story is headed. But that is not the point; the elichés and the
predictable plot take nothing away from Zevin's work
The

Storied

Life

of

A
.
J
．
Fikry

because it's how she tells the story that first charms the readers, then holds their
attention, making them read the whole book in a single sitting and finally give the
book a long hug when they are finished. This book is a love letter to the joys of
reading.
Each chapter begins with the title of a short story or a book and a note from
A． describing what he likes about it, essentially introducing each character
by what they read. The characters are so realistic that it's hard not to fall in
love with all of them: Maya, “the fantastic bookworm”， Amelia, “the giantess”
with questionable taste in fashion, Lambiase, the adorable police chief, and
A．, the reluctant hero who hates electronic reading devices that will “send
centuries of a lively culture into what will surely be a rapid decline”．
The passage of time race issues and the bureaucratic argument of children's
services are all put aside in the telling of this story, not because there's anything
to hide or because reality is not allowed to interfere, but because the author chooses
to focus on the important stuff. For example, it focuses on Lambiase who organizes
a reading club for policemen at the bookstore. His original intention is to help
promote business, but over the years he becomes a genuine book­lover, one who tends
to always have simple advice for his cynical (愤世嫉俗的) friend, A．. “Bad
timing，” Lambiase claims. “I've been a police officer for twenty years now and
I'll tell you pretty much every bad thing in life is a result of bad timing, and

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every good thing is the result of good timing.”
More than anything else, this novel is not only about the selling of them or
the reading of them, but how books and stories become part of our lives, how we find
ourselves within what we read and how we carry books with us. It is also about the
power of unexpected happiness and always believing that something wonderful is just
around the corner.
The

Late

Bloomer
is the book within a book which brings together
A． and Amelia. It reminds them that life doesn't follow a set script, things
happen when they are meant to happen, and there is no such thing as “too late”
for anything. Life is the big picture. Always look at the big picture. Enjoy it.
Don't get too concentrated on the details, because it will all be over before you
know it. In the long run nobody, not even you, will remember the ordinary details
because they are, in the end, quite irrelevant.
A．'s final words of wisdom to teenaged Maya convey the same feelings
in literary terms: “We are not quite novels. We are not quite short stories. In
the end, we_are_collected_works. We have read enough to know there are no collections
where each story is perfect. Some of us hit. Some miss.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要是有关Gabrielle Zevin的作品
The

Storied

Life

of

A
.
J
.
Fikry
的评论。
5．The author's attitude towards Zevin's book is ________.
A．supportive
C．objective
B．critical
D．indifferent
解析：选A 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第二段至第四段的内容可知，作者认为这
本书蕴含 着丰富的人生哲理，且对读者极具吸引力，故作者对这本书的态度是支持的。
6．How many characters of the novel are mentioned in the passage?
A．Four.
C．Six.
B．Five.
D．Seven.
解析：选B 细节理解题。文章第一段提到了, Nic, Amelia 和Maya这四个
人物；第三段中提到Lambiase这个人物。所以本文一共提到小说中的五个人物 。故选B。
7．The police chief organizing a reading club is mentioned to prove ________
in the novel.
A．there is really nothing to hide
B．reality is not allowed to interfere
C．important stuff has been focused on
D．everything is a result of timing

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解析：选C 推理判断题。根据第四段中的前两句话可知，作者举警察局长的例子是为< br>了说明本段第一句话中的“focus on the important stuff”，即这本小说集中于重要的东
西。故选C。
8．What can be implied in Paragraph 5 ?
A．The novel underlines happiness will always be around.
B．The novel mainly talks about the marketing of the book.
C．It is
The

Late

Bloomer
that brings A． and Amelia together.
D．It is important to do things on the basis of overall situations.
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据第五段的后半段“Life is the big picture ... quite
irrelevant.”可知，不必关注人生的细节，而应该看得长远，关注大局。故选D。
9．The underlined sentence in the last paragraph most probably means
________.
A．our life is full of ups and downs
B．we should collect works all our life
C．our life is closely connected with books
D．we should read books all our life
解析：选A 句意理解题。我们既不是长篇小说， 也不是短篇小说，最终我们都是小说
集。我们读过足够多的书，因此知道没有每个故事都完美的小说集。 故画线句用来比喻人生
充满起起落落，没有谁的人生是完美的。故选A。
★ passage is mainly about ________.
A．the extraordinary life of A．
B．the moral lesson of no “too late” in life
C．a comment on
The

Late

Bloomer

D．a review of
The

Storied

Life

of

A
．
J
.
Fikry

解析：选D 全文大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要是有关Gabrielle Zevin的作品
The

Storied

Life

of

A
．
J
.
Fikry
的评论。故选D。
C
(2017·徐州市高三考前信息卷)The splendid aurora light displays that appear in
Earth's atmosphere around the north and south magnetic (磁的) poles were once
mysterious phenomena. Now, scientists have data from satellites and groundbased
observations from which we know that the aurora brilliance is a massive electrical
discharge similar to that occurring in a neon sign.
To understand the cause of auroras, first picture the Earth
enclosed by its magnetosphere (磁层), a huge region created by

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the Earth's magnetic field. Outside the magnetosphere, rushing toward the earth
is the solar wind, a speedily moving body of ionized (离子化的) gases with its own
magnetic field. Charged particles (粒子) in this solar wind speed earthward along
the solar wind's magnetic lines of force. The Earth's magnetosphere is a barrier
to the solar winds, and forces the charged particles of the solar wind to flow around
the magnetosphere itself. But in the polar regions, the magnetic lines of force
of the Earth and of the solar wind gather together. Here many of the solar wind's
charged particles break through the magnetosphere and enter Earth's magnetic field.
They then rush back and forth between the Earth's magnetic poles very rapidly and
ionize and excite the atoms of the upper atmosphere of the Earth, causing them to
produce aurora radiations of visible light.
The colors of an aurora depend on the atoms producing them. The leading greenish
white light comes from low energy excitation of oxygen atoms. During huge magnetic
storms oxygen atoms also undergo high energy excitation and produce pink light.
Excited nitrogen (氮) atoms contribute bands of color varying from blue to violet.
Viewed from outer space, auroras can be seen as dimly shining belts wrapped around
each of the Earth's magnetic poles. Each aurora hangs like a curtain of light
stretching over the polar regions and into the higher latitudes. When the solar
flares (闪光) that result in magnetic storms and aurora activity are very strong,
aurora displays may extend as far as the southern regions of the United States.
语篇解读：本 文是说明文。文章认为极光的神秘现象如今有了科学的解释。文章分析来
了极地光产生的原因以及在不同 条件下的长度。
is it that directly gives off aurora light?
A．The Earth's magnetic field.
B．The solar wind's magnetic field.
C．The Earth's ionized particles.
D．The solar wind's charged particles.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“They then rush back and forth ...
produce aurora radiations of visible light.”可确定答案。
★ does the third paragraph mainly discuss?
A．The appearance of auroras around the Earth's poles.
B．The periodic change in the display of auroras.
C．The factors that cause the variety of colors in auroras.
D．The covering area of auroras based on their colors.

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解析：选A 段落大意题。根据第三段首句极光的颜色取决于产生它们的原子，紧接着< br>解释：氧原子和氮原子产生不同的光；最后说极光的外表，这和A项(地球两极的极光的外
表)是 一致的。
13．What can we infer from the passage?
A．The magnetosphere increases the speed of particles from the solar wind.
B．The color of greenish white appears least frequently in an aurora display.
C．Earth's magnetic field contributes to the variety and difference of aurora's
colors.
D．The strength of the solar flares has a positive effect on the extending
distance of aurora.
解析：选D 推理判断题 。根据文章最后一句可知，极光的延伸长度取决于太阳闪光导
致的磁极风暴和极光的强度。这和D选项一 致。


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