英语句子的三种模式
专升本成绩-雅思写作模板
LESSON ONE
句子的三种模式
导言
本课的重点是掌握英语的三种基本句型，注意词性和词序，
以及定
语的位置,同时注意中英文表达上的相同和不相同的地方。
三种基本句型虽然简单，但至关重要。掌握好
它们，在今后的学习
中有一通百通之效。
其实英语只有三种基本句型
▲ 主+系动词+表
词序 1 主语 2 系动词 3 表语
即句子的用于连接主语表示主语身份、状态以及
主体 和表语 所处的位置
词性 * 名词
Be
* 名词 形容词
代词
(is,
am, are)
介词+*名词 (介词短语)
注：*注意该结构中的名词，它们能被定语修饰。
1 这个人 是 一个老师。
The man is a teacher.
主语 系 表语
主语 系 表语（名词）
2 他 （是） 很忙。 He
is busy.
主语 系 表语 主语
系 表语（形容词）
● 注意中文中的系动词经常被省略,而英文中绝不能省。
3 她（是）在教室里。 She is in the
classroom.
主语 系 表语 主语
系 表语（介词短语）
1
▲ 定语只修饰名词，不破坏句子的
基本结构。通常由形容词和
介词短语充当，形容词放在所修饰的名词之前，而介词短语
放在所修
饰的名词之后，请注意英语与汉语词序的不同。看
懂中文的定语是翻译好定语的关键。
▲
介词短语
4 幸福是太多和太少之间
的
一站。---英国法学家
波洛克
介词短语
Happiness is a station
between too much and too little.
-----------Pollock, British jurist
形容词
介词短语
5
高个子的男人是从英国来的老师。
形容词 介词短语
The tall man is a
teacher from England.
介词短语 形容词
6.
她在 二楼的 小 教室里
。
形容词 介词短语
She is in the small
classroom on the second floor.
介词短语即
可以做表语也可以做定语，虽然它们词性相同，
但由于词序不同，它们所起到的作用也不同，当在is的
后面是表
语,跟在名词的后面它就起到定语的作用。
阅读与欣赏
句型
的练习，单词的扩展，语感的形成，都需要大量的练习
与重复。为了避免学生感到枯燥，我们在
阅读与欣赏 练习中为
大家精选了许多格言，谚语，名人轶事及幽默笑话，目的在于让
你在捧腹
大笑与深邃的思考中不知不觉地成为一个会说英语的
2
智者。
请特别注意英语中的
介词
●Knowledge is a treasure, but practice is the
key to it.
------------Thomas Fuller, British
churchman
知识是一座宝库，而实践是开启宝库的钥匙。
----------英国教士 富勒 . T.
●Mistakes are an
essential part of education.
--------Bertrand
Russell, British philosopher
从错误中吸取教训是教育极为重要的一部分。
---------英国哲学家 罗素 .
B.
●Age(年纪) is a matter (问题) of feeling, not
of years.
-------George William Curtis,
American writer
年纪只是个感觉问题，而不是岁月问题。--美国作家
柯蒂斯
●Money is a good servant(仆人) and a bad
master(主人).
--------Francis Bacon, British
philosopher
金钱是善仆，也是恶主。 --------英国哲学家 培根
●Activity(行动 )is the only road to knowledge.
-------George Bernard Shaw, British dramatist
行动是通往知识的唯一道路。 ----英国剧作家 肖伯纳 . G.
---------美国经济学家 阿瑟 . C.
●Experience is
the father of wisdom and memory (is) the mother.
-------Charles Bernard, French philosopher
3
经验是智慧之父，记忆是知识之母。
----------法国哲学家 贝尔纳 . C.
●All the
splendor（荣华富贵 ）in the world is not worth a good
friend .
-----------Voltaire, French thinker
人世间所有的荣华富贵不如一个好朋友。 --法国思想家 伏尔泰
● All
happy families are like one another; each unhappy
family is
unhappy in its own way. -------Leo
Tolstoy, Russian writer
所有幸福的家庭都十分相似；而每个不幸的家庭各有各自的不幸。
---------俄国文学家 托尔斯泰 . L.
●The golden age
is before us, not behind us.
---------Mark
Twain, American writer
黄金时代在我们前面而不在我们背后。
------美国作家 马克 . 吐温
●Love is a kind of
warfare. -----Ovid, Ancient Greek poet
情场如战场。
----------古希腊诗人 奥维德
● Not ignorance（无知）, but
the ignorance of ignorance, is the death
of
knowledge. ------A. N. Whitehead. British
philosopher
不是无知本身，而是对无知的无知，才是知识的死亡。
------英国哲学家 怀特海 . A. N.
●Information is
power. The information domain （领域）is the
future battlefield. ------Cebrows Arthur,
American economist
4
信息就是力量,所在之处将是未来的战场。
---------美国经济学家
阿瑟 . C.
▲
谓+主+状
该句型通常用于表达某地存在某物（人
）
词序
词性
3
状语
地点
介词+名词
1 谓语
存在
(There
be)
2 主语
物或人
名词
3 状语
地点
介词+名词
(介词短语)
注：该结构中的状语可以置于句首或句尾。
1 房间里 有 一张桌子。
某地 there
is 某物
There is a table in the room.
=In the room, there is a table.
2
我们家 有 五口人。
某地 there are 某人
There are five people in my family.
▲
如果需要，该种句型中名词同样可以被定语修饰，请看例句。
介词短语
形容词
3 二楼的房间里 有 一张大桌子。
介词短语
There is a big table in the room on the
second floor.
阅读与欣赏
●There is a
skeleton(骷髅，家丑) in every house.
-----William
Makepeace Thackeray, British novelist
家家都有一本难念的经。 -----英国小说家 萨克雷 . W. M.
5
●In war, there is no second prize for
the runner-up. (第二名)
------------Omar
Bradley, American general
在战争中，第二名是没有奖的。
----美国将军 布拉德利 . O.
●Ideal is the
beacon（灯塔）.Without ideal, there is no secure
direction;
without direction, there is no
life. ---Leo Tolstory, Russian writer
理想是指路明灯。没有理想，就没有坚定的方向；没有方向，就没
有生活。
---------俄国作家 托尔斯泰
●There is no royal road
to learning.
-----------Anthony Trollope,
British novelist
求学没有平坦的大道。 -------英国小说家
特罗洛普 . A.
▲ 主+谓+宾+状
词
5 状语 1 主语
序
2 谓语 3 宾语
动作的
接受者
名词
代词
(宾格)
4 状语
修饰谓
语动词
副词
5 状语
表示谓语动作
发生的时间地
点原因等
介词+
名词
句子的主语发出
主体 的动作
名词
代词
动词
(do)
词介词+
性 名词
注：在该结构中主谓是不可缺少的部分，宾格
有无取决于动词是及物还是不及物动词，
状语根据需要而定。
代词 介词短语
动词
主语 状语 谓语
名词
宾语
1 他
在花园里
种了 一棵树。
He planted a
tree in the garden.
主语 谓语 宾语 状语
6
名词 介词短语 副词 动词
名词
主语 状语 状语 谓语 宾语
2 学生们
在大学里
努力
学习 英语。
The
students study English hard in the university.
主语 谓语 宾语 状语 状语
▲
在任何一种句型中，只要需要，名词都可以被定语修饰。
以第3句为例。
介词短语 形容词 介词短语
3 从中国来的
新学生们
在美国的一所大学里努力
学习英语。
形容词
介词短语
The new students from China study
English hard in the
介词短语
university in
America.
阅读与欣赏
●Few rich men own(拥有) their property(财产). The
property owns them.
------------Robert Green
Ingersoll, American lawyer
极少富人拥有他们的财产，是财产拥有他们。--美国律师 英格索尔
●Beauty
lives with kindness. --William Shakespeare,
British dramatist
美寓于善。 ----------英国剧作家
莎士比亚 . W.
●Fools learn nothing from wise men,
but wise men learn much from fools.
-----------Johann Kaspar Lavater, Swiss
writer
傻瓜向聪明人学之甚少，而聪明人却向傻瓜学之甚多。
-----------瑞士作家 拉瓦特 . J. K.
7
●Work banishes（撵跑） those three great
evils（魔鬼）: boredom（无
聊,） vice（堕落）, and
poverty（贫穷）.
---------------Voltaire, French
philosopher
工作撵跑三个魔鬼：无聊，堕落和贫穷。 ----法国哲学家
伏尔泰
● At twenty years of age, the will
reigns（支配）; at thirty, the wit（机智）;
and at
forty, the judgement（判断）.
------Benjamin Franklin, American president
二十岁时起支配作用的是意志，三十岁时是机智，四十岁时是判断。
----------美国总统 富兰克林
●I am a slow
walker, but I never walk backwards.
---------Abraham Lincoln, American president
我走得很慢，但是我从来不会后退。 ---美国总统 林肯 .A.
●
Charms strike（吸引） the sight, but merit wins the
soul.
-------------Alexander Pope, British
poet
美色中看，美德感人。 -------英国诗人 蒲伯 . A.
●Experience teaches slowly, and at the cost of
mistakes.
------------James Anthony Froude,
British historian
从经验中学习收效很慢，而且要以错误为代价。
---------英国历史学家 弗路德 . J. A.
● Young men
make great mistakes in life; for one thing, they
idealize
（理想化 ）love力too much. -----John
Ray, British scientist
年轻人一生中常犯大错误，其中之一就是把爱情太理想化了。
--------英国科学家
雷伊 . J.
8
●The fiercest（猛烈）
agonies（痛苦） have shortest reign.
-----------William Cullen Bryant, American
poet
最猛烈的痛苦持续的时间也最短。---美国诗人 布莱恩特 . W. C.
● Rules and modesty destroy genius and art.
--------William Hazlitt, British Essayist
规则与谦逊会毁掉天才和艺术。 ---英国散文家 哈兹里特 . W.
● Love
is like a violin. The music may stop now and then,
but the strings
remain forever.-------June
Masters Bacher, American social, activist
爱情犹如小提琴。曲调可时断时续，但琴弦却永世长存。
--------美国社会活动家
贝沏 . J. M.
●At the touch of love, everyone
becomes a poet.
--------Plato, ancient Greek
philosopher
经爱的触摸，人人皆为诗人。 -------古希腊哲学家 柏拉图
●A light heart lives long. ---William
Shakespeare, British dramatist
豁达者长寿。
-------英国剧作家 莎士比亚 .W.
课堂练习
一、
汉译英
1． 我们的村庄（是）在两山之间的 峡谷里。
主语 系
定语 表语
Our village is in a valley
between two hills
2
．
从上海来的那些学生
每天晚上
在
二楼的
阅览室里
定语 主语 状语 状语
9
复习 英文。
谓语 宾语
The students
from Shanghai review English every
evening in
the reading-room on the second floor.
3．我们班里 有5个从上海来的 女学生。
状语 there are
定语 主语
There are five girl students
from Shanghai in our class.
二、
英译汉
1．
The number of speakers of English in Shakespeare’s
time is
主语 定语 定语 定语
系
five million. Today it is 260 million.
表语
莎士比亚时代使用英语的人数是五百万，而今天达二
亿六千万。
2．
A life without a friend is a life
without a sun.
主语 定语 系 表语
定语
生活中没有朋友，如同生活中没有太阳。
3. The
earth has a partner in its trip around the sun.
主语 谓 宾语 状语 定语
It
is the moon.
地球在围绕太阳转的旅途中有一个伙伴。它就是月亮。
重要提示
1． 充分重视三种基本句型的重要性，它们是学好英语的关键，
也是学会用英文思维的第一步，真正掌握英语的三种句型，
在以后的学习中有一通百通的效果。
2． 请特别注意英语中的
介词、
常用介词不过
30
多个，
在阅读英文和说英文时你会发现，平均每读10个单词就会
10
出现两个介词，所以介词有以一当百的效果，也就是说，
背会30
多个介词解决了阅读中的20
%词汇。
3．
将中英两种文字加以比较，注意它们的相同与不同之处，
掌握其规律,学习英语就变得异常容易。
4． 要想真正掌握好英语，只有正确的概念是不够的，应该结
合一本好教材同时学习。国内现
有的教材中，《新概念英
语》是一本难得的好教材，当你学完本课之后，你可以读
一下《新概念
英语》第二册第一课，该课的重点就是强调
词性和词序及三种基本句型。
阅读与欣赏
●If the blind lead the blind, both
shall fall into the ditch.--------
BIBLE
瞎子领着瞎子走，俩人终会一起掉到沟里。
●The winds and
waves are always on the side of the ablest
navigations
--------------EDWARD GIBBON,
The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire
风浪总是有利于最富航行能力的船只。
●Zeal without
knowledge is fire without
light.---------
THONAS FULLER
仅有热心而没有知识，如同想点火却没火柴。
●Fortune favors
the brave. --------------
TERENCE
幸运青睐勇敢的人。
●Curiosity is a willing, a
proud, an eager confession of ignorance.
------------S. LEONARD RUBINSTEIN
好奇心是一种愿望、一份骄傲、一种对无知的迫切坦白。
11
●No tears in the writer, no tears
in the reader.------
ROBERT FROST
（如果）作家没有泪，读者也不会流泪。
●People ask you
for criticism, but they only want praise.
-------------------W. SOMERSET MAUGHAM
人们请你批评的本意是想听你的赞扬。
●The truest
expression of a people is in its dances and its
music.
---------AGNES DE MILLE
一个民族最真实的表达在于她的舞蹈和音乐。
●No man ever yet
became great by imitation.-------
SAMUEL
JOHNSON
世上没人可以靠模仿而成为伟大的。
●Genius
is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent
perspiration.
-------------THOMAS EDISON
天才是1%的灵感和99%的汗水。
● Noble deeds
and hot baths are the best cures for depression
----------------DODIE SMITH
做几件高尚的事，洗几次热水澡即可治疗沮丧。
●A great
fortune（财富）is a great slavery.
----------
SENECA
巨富如同巨大的苦役。
12
●Hope is the poor man’s bread.
----------
GEORGE HERBERT
希望是穷人的面包。
●There is no love sincerer than the love
of food.
------GEORGE BERNARD SHAW
没有哪种爱比爱吃更真诚。
What Are You Afraid
Of?
“Papa, when you see a cow aren’t you
afraid(害怕)?”
“Of course not, Tom.”
“When
you see a great big worm(蚯蚓) aren’t you afraid?”
“No, of course not.”
“When you see a
horrid（恐怖）, monstrous（巨大的） bumblebee（大
黄蜂）
aren’t you afraid?”
“No, certainly not!”
“Aren’t you afraid when it thunders（打雷） and
lightnings（闪电）?”
“No, you fool!”
“Papa,
aren’t you afraid of nothing in this world except
mamma?”
You May Select
The husband
complained（抱怨） that his wife always cooked the
same
dish.
One day , the husband got home
and asked his wife, “My dear, what will
we eat
today?”
The wife said, “You may select the
dish（菜） today.”
The husband was very glad and
asked, “Which dishes are there today?”
“Cabbage.”
“The others?”
“None.”
“Then how to select?”
“Eat or not eat!”
the wife said.
The Greeks（希腊人） Did
Mr
Day was a teacher at a school in a big city in the
north of England. He
13
usually went to France or Germany for a
few weeks during his summer
holidays and he
spoke French and German quite well.
But one
year Mr Day said to one of his friends, “I’m going
to have a
holiday in Athens（雅典）. But I don’t
speak Greek, so I’ll go to evening
classes and
have Greek lessons for a month before I go.” He
studied very
hard for a month, and then his
holidays began and he went to Greece.
When he
came back a few weeks later, his friend said to
him, “Did you
have any trouble with your Greek
when you were in Athens, Dick?”
“No, I didn’t
have any trouble with it,” answered Mr Day. “ But
the
Greeks did!”
The Teacher Cried
The
5-year-old boy was terribly（可怕地） spoiled. His
grandparents
knew it, but his mother doted on
him. He hardly left her side. And when he
wanted anything, he either cried or threw a
temper tantrum（发脾气）.
Then came his first day
of school, his first day away from his mother’s
loving arms. When he came home from school his
mother met him at the
door.
“Was school
all right?” she asked. “Did you get along all
right? Did you
cry?”
“Cry?” he asked. “No,
I didn’t cry, but the teacher did!”
Interview（面试）
Joe Richards finished school
when he was 18, and then his father said to
him, “You’ve passed your examinations now,
Joe, and you got good marks in
them. Now go
and get some good work.”
They’re looking for
clever people at the bank in the town. The clerks
there get quite a lot of money now. A few days
later, Joe went to the bank
and asked for work
there. A man took him into a small room and gave
him
some questions on a piece of paper. Joe
wrote his answers on the paper, and
then he
gave them to the man. The man looked at them for a
few minutes,
and said to Joe, “Your birthday
was on the 12
th
of June, Mr Richards?”
“Yes, sir,” Joe said.
“What year? ” The
man asked.
“Oh, every year, sir,” Joe said.
Jack Club
14
英语中有句谚语：Only work no play makes Jack a dull boy.
因此我们以 “Jack Club”
为名开辟此栏，目的在于使同学们在学
习之余开开心，同时又能提高阅读和理解能力。
He Knows The Answer
Teacher: Can you
tell me anything about the great scientists
of
the 18th century?
Pupil: Yes, sir, I can.
They are all dead.
A Coward（胆小鬼，懦夫）
Little Frank: Granny is an awful coward.
Father: Why do you think so?
Little Frank:
Whenever we cross the road, she always grabs
hold of（牢牢抓住）my hand.
Prize
Little Albert came home from school with a new
book under his
arm.
“It’s a prize,
mother,” he explained.
“A prize? What for,
dear?”
“For natural history（博物学）. Teacher
asked me how many
legs an ostrich（鸵鸟）has and I
said three.”
“But an ostrich has only two
legs.”
“I know it now, but all the pupils
said four, so I was closest.”
15
练 习
一、分析下列句子的语法成份并将其译成中文，注
意英汉两种语
言词序上的异同。（带星号的是英语中的谚语。）
1. *A bad
beginning makes a bad ending.
2. *A bird in
the hand is worth two in the bush（灌木丛）.
3.
*One good mother is worth a hundred schoolmasters.
4. *Good temper（脾气）is like a sunny day; it
sheds its
brightness everywhere.
5. *We
learn from the mistakes of others.
6. *Kind
hearts are the gardens; kind thoughts are the
roots; kind
words are the flowers; kind deeds
are the fruits.
7. *Kind words are the music
of the world.
8. *Wisdom in the mind is
better than money in the hand.
9. Our
knowledge is the amassed（积累的） thought and
experience of innumerable（无数的） minds.
10.
*The knowledge of words is the gate of
scholarship.
二、
将下列各句译成英语。
1.
我通常每天晚上7点在我们的宿舍听法语广播。
（广播broadcast
宿舍dormitory）
2. 老师的办公室在教学楼的二层。
3.
她的杂志在宿舍靠窗子的桌子上。
4. 波音777在1994年7月12日首次飞上天空。
(飞上天take to the sky)
5. 一个要饭的（beggar）走
过来，他身材矮小（little）、面黄
肌瘦（yellow）、衣衫褴褛（ragged）、瘸腿（
lame）、满
面胡须(unshaven)。
6.
从南方来的工人们去年在我们村里盖了一所新学校。
7.
昨天，在戏院(theatre)里，我后面的一男一女总是大声说话。
04年元月4日学
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