英文中的比较级使用
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1.“A + be +形容词比较级 + than + B” 意思为“A比B更„„”。
如:This tree is taller than that one. 这棵树比那棵树高。
注意:
①
在含有连词than的比较级中,前后的比较对象必须是同一范畴,即同类事
物之间的比较。
② ②在比较级前面使用much,表示程度“强得多”。
如:A
watermelon is much bigger than an apple.
③
very, quite一般只能修饰原级,不能修饰比较级。
2.“比较级 + and +
比较级”或“more and more +原级”表示“越来越„„”
如:It
becomes warmer and warmer when spring comes.
春天来了,天气变得越
来越暖和了。 It is getting cooler and
cooler. 天气越来越凉爽。
The wind became more and
more heavily. 风变得越来越大。
Our school is
becoming more and more beautiful.
我们的学校变得越来越美
丽。
3.在含有or的选择疑问句中,如果有两者供选择,前面的形容词要用比较级形
式。
如:Who is taller,Tim or Tom? 谁更高,Tim还是Tom?
4. “the +比较级„„, the+比较级”,表示“越„„越„„”。
The more money you make, the more you spend.
钱你赚得越多,花得越多。 T
he sooner,the better. 越快越好。
5. 表示倍数的比较级用法:
①. A + be +倍数+ times +
the + 形容词对应名词形式+ of + B.
如:The new building
is three times the height of the old one.
这座新楼比那座旧楼高三倍。(新楼是旧楼的四倍高)
②. A + be +倍数+
times +as +原级+ as+ B.
如:Asia is four times
as large as Europe. 亚洲是欧洲的四倍大。(亚洲比欧洲大
三倍)
③. A + be + 序数词 +比较级+ than + B.
如:Our
school is twice bigger than yours. 我们学校比你们学校大两倍。
6.形容词、副词的最高级形式主要用来表示三者或三者以上人或事物的比较,表
1
示“最„„”的意思。 句子中有表示范围的词或短语。
如:of
the three, in our class等等。
如:He is the
tallest in our class. 他在我们班里是最高的。
7.否定词语+比较级,否定词语+ so„ as结构表示最高级含义。
Nothing is so easy as this. =Nothing is
easier than this. =This is the easiest
thing.
8. 比较级与最高级的转换:
Mike is
the most intelligent in his class.
Mike is
more intelligent than any other student in his
class
7.修饰比较级和最高级的词
1)可修饰比较级的词 ①.a
bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a
lot, lots, a
great deal, any, still, even等。
②. 还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语。
③. 以上词(除by
far)外,必须置于比较级形容词或副词的前面。 注意:
使用
最高级要注意将主语包括在比较范围内。
(错) Tom is the
tallest of his three brothers.
(对) Tom is
the tallest of the three brothers.
2)下列词可修饰最高级:by far, far, much, mostly, almost。
This hat is nearly almost the biggest. 注意:
a. very可修饰最高级,但位置
与much不同。 This is the very
best. This is much the best. b.
序数词通常
只修饰最高级。 Africa is the second largest
continent.
8.要避免重复使用比较级。 (错) He is more
cleverer than his brother. (对) He
is more
clever than his brother. (对) He is cleverer than
his brother.
9.要避免将主语含在比较对象中。 (错) China
is larger that any country in Asia.
(对)
China is larger than any other country in Asia.
10.要注意对应句型,遵循前后一致的原则。 The population of
Shanghai is larger
than that of Beijing. It
is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.
11.要注意冠词的使用,后有名词的时候,前面才有可能有冠词。 比较:Which
is larger, Canada or Australia? Which is the
larger country, Canada or Australia?
She is
taller than her two sisters. She is the taller
of the two sisters.
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10.连用词 much ,a little ,a bit,even
1.“as+adjadv+as或not so(as)+adjadv
+as.”句型。该句型常用来描述两
个比较对象的程度上的相似或不同(即平时说的“等级比较和不等
级比较”)。例
如:
My computer is not so(as)
expensive as yours.我的电脑不如你的贵重。
2.“as
manyfew+可数名词复数+as”或“as muchlittle(少的)+不可数名词
+as
”。前者描述数目上的接近,后者描述量的相近。例如:
You may
borrow as many books as you can.你能借多少书就借多少。
“Drink as much water as you can.”the doctor
said to him.医生对他说
到:“你要尽可能的多喝些水。”
3.“主语+比较级+than any
other„”结构表示:主语所描述的事物比其他任
何一个都„„比较级形式表示最高级含义。例如:
Li Ming is much cleverer than any other
student in their class.李明
是他们班中最聪明的学生。
注意:若比较范围不同,than后应用“any+可数名词的复数形式+其他”。例
如:
China is larger that any countries in
Africa.中国比非洲上的任何国家
都大。
4.诸如not,never
之类的否定词与形容词或副词的比较级连用,表示最高级含
义。意为:再没有比„更„的了。例如:
It is not a better idea.这是再好不过的一个办法了。
I have never heard such an interesting
story.我从来没有听过比这更有
趣的故事了。
5.“形容词+to”结构也可表示比较含义。例如:
This kind of
car is superior in quality to
that.这种汽车的质量比那一
种好得多(superior to意为:优于;胜过。)
Li ping is three years senior to Liu
Gang.李平比刘刚大三岁。(senior to
意为:年长于;资格老于;地位高于。)
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6.“no+比较级+than”结构表示对两
个比较对象都进行否定(可由
neither„nor„结构来改写)。例如:
I’m no more foolish than you.我们俩都不傻。(相当于Neither I
nor you
is foolish.)
7.“not
more+比较级+than”结构表示在程度上前者不如后者。例如:
This
book is not more interesting than that
one.这本书不如那本书有趣。
(相当于The book is less
interesting than that one.)
8.“形容词比较级+than+形容词”,意为:与其„倒不如„。例如:
Jack
is much harder than clever.与其说杰克聪明,倒不如说他学习用功。
rather„than, prefer„to„, prefer to
do„rather than„这三
个句型表示“宁愿„而不愿„;喜欢„胜过„;宁愿做„而不愿做
„”含义。虽
无比较级形式,但表示比较级含义。例如:
She would
rather die than give in.她宁死不屈。
He
preferred to go out rather than stay
home.他宁愿出去也不愿呆在家
里。
10.“The+比较级„,the+比较级„”。该结构意为“越„,越„”。例如:
The more difficult the questions are, the less
likely he is able to
answer
them.问题越难,他回答出来的可能性就越小。
有时也可以表示“比较”关系,说
明两种事物的相同或相似性。what
的该种用法常用于书面语,用来加强修辞效果,含有比喻含义,相
当于as,意
为“好比„;正如„;就像„一样”。what的该类用法共有3种情况:
(1)A is to B what C is to D
Twelve is
two what twenty-four is to four.十二比二就等于二十四比四。
(2)what C is to D, A is to B
What food is
to the body, a book is to the
mind.书籍对于思想犹如食
物对于身体。
(3)what C is to D,
that A is to B
What the gun is to a
soldier, that the pen is to a
writer.作家的笔犹如
战士的枪。
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