非谓语动词使用时需要注意的一些特殊情况
师恩难忘手抄报-小学学习计划书范文
非谓语动词使用时需要注意的一些特殊情况
除了前表中所列的普通情况外，
非谓语动词中还有一些很重要的特殊的注意点，在考试中更为常见，下面就
是这些注意点以及上表的补充
，请同学们注意掌握。
1、专用doing作宾语的词语和句式：
常用doing作宾语的词有：
keep doing，enjoy
doing，escape doing，excuse doing，practice
doing，mind doing，miss doing，advice doing，
avoid
doing，admit doing，allow doing，risk doing，consider
doing，give up doing，imagine doing，finish
doing，
tolerate doing，suggest
doing。利用每个单词的首字母，我们可以记忆为：keeep mmaaaarch gifts
另加一
个词：deny
常用doing的句式有：
⑴It’s no use
doing ⑵It’s no good doing ⑶have difficulty
(in)doing have trouble(in)doing, have fun
(in)doing,
have problem (in)doing等
⑷spend…(in)doing ⑸waste time (in)doing ⑹feel
like doing ⑺can’t help doing，
can’t stand doing
⑻be busy doing ⑼be worth doing be worthy of being
done=be worthy to be done
⑽stop…(from)doingprevent…(from)doing ⑾go
doing
2、专用to do作宾语的词语和句式：
常用to do作宾语的词有：
happen to do，offer to do，promise to do，agree
to do，refuse to do，decide to do，determine to
do，pretend to do，
learn to do，wish to do，hope
to do，expect to do，afford to do，ask to do，plan to
do，need to do， want to do, fail
to do，ask to
do，require to do，
常用doing作宾语的句式有：
would
like to do，It takes…to do, too…to,
3、专用do作宾语补足语的词语和专用do的句式：
⑴make…do ⑵let…do
⑶have…do ⑷why do… ⑸why not do…⑹would rather
do…than do…⑺can’t but do…
⑻do nothing but
do…⑼had better do…⑽will you please do…
4、既能用to
do作宾语又能用doing作宾语，但意义不同的词：
①stop to do，stop
doing ②forget to do, forget doing ③remember
to do, remember doing
④regret to do,
regret doing ⑤try to do, try doing ⑥go
on to do, go on doing
⑦mean to do, mean doing
5、既能用to do作宾语又能用doing作宾语，意义大致相同的词：
①hate
to dohate doing ②like to do like doing ③ love
to dolove doing ④continue to do continue doing
⑤ prefer to doprefer doing⑥ begin to dobegin
doing ⑦ start to dostart doing
6、专用to
do作宾语补足语的词：
permit…to do, teach…to do, beg…to
do, allow…to do, warn…to do, encourage…to do,
forbid…to do, get…to do,
force…to do,
invite…to do, ask…to do, want…to do, order…to do,
like…to do, tell…to do, know…to do,
persuade…to do, advice…to do, cause…to do,
require…to do, wish…to do, wait for…to do
7、在make…do, let…do, see…do, hear …do,
watch…do, notice…do, feel …do
等用do形式作宾语补足语的结构
中，用作被动式时，to要带上，切记！如：I saw him
go to hospital yesterday.
(我昨天看见他去医院了)。如果
变为被动式，则为：He was seen to go to
hospital yesterday. 再如：He made me clean the room.
(他让我打扫了
教室) 变为被动式，则应为：I was made to clean the
room.
8、注意下列的doing，do，done作宾语补足语时的意义区别：
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①see…doing
see…do
②hear…doing
hear…do
③notice…doing
notice…do
④feel…doing
feel…do
⑤have…doing
have…do
have…done
⑥get…doing
get…to do
get…done
⑦find doing
find done
表语从句，如：
I
saw him reading a book at this time yesterday.
I often see him play basketball on the
playground.
I hear him speaking English.
I
often hear him speaking English.
We notice her
wearing a red dress.
We notice her wear a red
dress.
I feel someone following me.
I
often feel someone laugh at me.
The teacher
has me standing.
The teacher has me go to his
office.
We must have our TV repaired
The
teacher gets me standing.
The teacher gets me
to go to his office.
We must get our TV
repaired.
I find him watching TV.
I find
my wallet stolen.
9、“疑问词+to do”相当于一个名词的作用，在句中可
以作主语、宾语、表语，可以代替主语从句、宾语从句、
①How we can stop
polluting is a big problem（主语从句）= How to stop
polluting is a big problem.（主语）
②I don’t know
what I should say before you（宾语从句）= I don’t know
what to say before you. （宾语）
③The question is
how we should start work（表语从句）= The question is
how to start work. （表语）
10、注意：有时候短语中的to是介词而非动词不定式，在下列短语中to均为介词：
admit to, object to, pay attention to, stick
to, look forward to, lead to, get bebecome used
to, be equal to,
devote…to…,get down to,
prefer…to…,from…to…
11、用doing和done作状语时，根据需要可以在前面加上when, while,
before, after, since, until, though,
although,
as long as, unless, as if, even though等词。如：
①When asked about his family, he made no
answer. ②Once going into the reading room, you
should keep quiet.
12、注意下列三句话中的定语及其意义：
①The meeting to be held in the office is very
important. (即将在办公室召开的会议很重要。表示将来意义)
②The
meeting being held in the office is very
important. (正在办公室召开的会议很重要。表示现在意义)
③The
meeting held in the office is very important.
(以前在办公室召开的会议很重要。表示过去意义)
13、通常省略动词不定式符号to的词（也就是之后用动词原形的词）有下列几种：
①在情态动词shall，will，can，may，
must，should，would，could，might之后
②feel，smell，hear，listen
to，make，let，have，see，watch，look
at，notice，observe 可以用这种方法记忆：一感一闻二听三让四看
14、在英语中，只有help之后的动词可以加to也可以不加，加与不加意义相同，如：
Let’s help him to finish the work = Let’s help
him finish the work.
15、非谓语完成时的用法。
它表示动作发生在谓语的动作之前，如：Having lived in Beijing for
years, I know it very well.
16、不定式动词为不及物时，后面的介词不可省略。如：
They have a big
room to live in. （他们有大房子住）
He has a sofa to
sit on. (他有沙发坐)
在非谓语一览表中已经提到过，此处的in，on等介词都是不可省略的。
17、主动形式表示被动式的情况。
①be+adj+to do的结构中，如：The
question is hard to answer.（这个问题很难回答）
②在含有动宾关系的不定式后置定语中,I have something to
say.（我有话要说）
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在这两种情况下，因为它本身包含被动意义因而不应该再用被动形式，如果写成：The
question is hard to be
answered和I have
something to be said就是错句子。
③want doingneed
doingrequire doingbe worth
doing这几个短语中同样因为本身含有被动意义而不
再使用被动形式，如：
The
chair needs repairing. 椅子需要被修理一下。 The flowers
want watering. 花需要浇浇了。
The room requires
cleaning. 房子该被扫一下了。 The book is worth reading.
这本书值得一读。
这些短语可以用to
do形式代替，但必须使用被动式，比如以上的几个句子分别可以变为：
The chair
needs to be repaired. The
flowers want to be watered.
The room requires
to be cleaned. The book is
worthy to be read
18、与used to形式相关的各种形式。
①used to do
表示“过去….”,其中to为动词不定式，所以后面所接的一定是动词原形do的形式，如：
He
used to eat junk food. 他以前经常吃垃圾食品。
I used
to be afraid of dark.我以前害怕黑暗。
②be used to
表示“习惯于…”,其中to为介词，所以后面所接的一定是名词代词或动词的doing的形式如：
I am used to the rules. 我习惯于这种规矩了。
I am
used to getting up early. 我习惯于早起了。
在该短语中，be还可以用get或become来代替，意义相同。
③use…to
do…表示“用…来做…”,其中to为动词不定式，所以后面所接的一定是动词原形do的形式，如：
We use this cup to drink water. 我们用这个杯子来喝水。
④use…for doing… 的含义和use…to
do相同，也表示“用…来做…”,只是应注意此处for为介词，如：
We use this
cup for drinking water. 我们用这个杯子来喝水。
⑤现在，我们来把We use this cup to drink
water变为被动式，则句子变为：This cup is used to drink water.
这样，就出现了和短语②的外在形式完全相同的一个短语⑤be used to，但应注意短语⑤be
used to其实只是
短语③use…to do…的被动形式而已，其中的to仍然和短语③中的t
o一样，同为动词不定式。也就是说，短
语②和短语⑤是外在形式完全相同的两个截然不同的短语。请大
家注意区分。
19、动词不定式的固定短语。
to tell you the
truth（实话告诉你), to be frank（坦白的说），to speak
frankly（坦白的说），
to begin with（一开始），to start
with（一开始），to put it briefly（简而言之）
20、非谓语动词的完成式、被动式、进行式
to do
一般式
进行式
完成式
doing
done
一般式
完成式
主动式
to write
to be
writing
to have written
writing
having
written
被动式
to be written
to
have been written
being written
having
been written
否定式
各种非谓语形式的
否定式都是在本形
式之前加上not即
可。
因为done本身只表示被动和完成意义，所以只有被动或者完成式
written，再无其他形式。
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