人体常识-山东英才职业技术学院

英语部分倒装用法归纳

1. 否定副词位于句首时的倒装
在正式文体中，never, seldom, rarely, little, hardly, scarcely, no
sooner, no longer, nowhere 等含有否定意义的副词若位于句首，
则其后要用部分倒装：
I shall never forgive him. Never shall I forgive him. 我永远不会
宽恕他。
He seldom goes out for dinner. Seldom does he go out for dinner.
他很少出去吃饭。
She hardly has time to listen to music. Hardly does she have time
to listen to music. 她几乎没时间听音乐。
He little realizes how important this meeting is. Little does he
realize how important this meeting is. 他不甚xx这个会议的重要
性。
We had no sooner reached the airport than the plane took off.
No sooner had we reached the airport than the plane took off. 我
们刚到机场,飞机就起飞了。
【注意】
(1) 对于not…until句型，当not until…位于句首时，其后的主句
要用倒装语序：
He didn’t leave the room until the rain stopped. Not until the
rain stopped did he leave the room. 雨停了之后他才离开这房间。
(2) 某些起副词作用的介词短语，由于含有否定词，若位于句
首，其后要用部分倒装：
On no accounts must this switch be touched. 这个开关是绝不能
触摸的。
In [Under] no circumstances will I lend money to him.无论如何我
也不会再借钱给他了。
但是，in no time(立即，马上)位于句首时，其后无需用倒装语
1 9

序：
In no time he worked out the problem. 他马上就算出了那道题。

2.“only+状语”位于句首时的倒装
当一个状语受副词only的修饰且置于句首时，其后用部分倒装
语序：
Only then did he realize that he was wrong. 到那时他才意识到
他错了。
Only in this way are you able to do it well. 你只有用这种方法才
能把它做好。
Only when he returned home did he realize what had happened.
当他回到家里时，才知道出了什么事。

3. “so+adj. adv.”位于句首时的倒装
副词so后接形容词或副词位于句首时，其后用部分倒装：
So cold was the weather that we had to stay at home. 天气xx，我
们只好呆在家里。
So fast does light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed. 光
速很快，我们几乎没法想像它的速度。
So sudden was the attack that we had no time to escape. 袭击来
得非常突然，我们来不及逃跑。
3. 状语或表语位于句首时的倒装
为了保 持句子平衡或使上下文衔接紧密，有时可将状语或表语置于句首，
句中主语和谓语完全倒装：
Among these people was his friend Jim. 他的朋友吉姆就在这些人当中。
By the window sat a young man with a magazine in his hand. 窗户边坐着一个
年轻人，手里拿着一本杂志。
【注意】
2 9

在表语置于句首的这类倒装结构中，要注意其中的谓语应与其后的主语保持一致，而不是与位于句首的表语保持一致。比较：
In the box was a cat. 箱子里是一只猫。
In the box were some cats. 箱子里是一些猫。
4. 分词和不定式置于句首的倒装
有时为了强调，可将谓语部分的现在分词、过去分词或不定式置于句首，
从而构成倒装：
Buried in the sands was an ancient village. 一个古老的村庄被埋在这沙土之
中。
Standing beside the table was his wife. 站在桌旁的是他的妻子。
To be carefully considered are the following questions. 下列问题要仔细考虑。
涉及副词so的两类常考倒装
这类倒装主要见于以下两种情形：
1. 当副词so后接形容词或副词位于句首时，其后要用部分倒装。如：
So cold was the weather that we had to stay at home. 天气太冷，我们只好呆
在家里。
So fast does light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed. 光速很快，我们
几乎没法想象它的速度。
So sudden was the attack that we had no time to escape. 袭击来得非常突然，
我们来不及逃跑。
2. 当要表示前面提出的某一肯定的情况也同样适合 于后者，通常就要用
“So+助动词+主语”这种倒装结构。如：
You are young and so am I. 你年轻，我也年轻。
3 9

She likes music and so do I. 她喜欢音乐，我也喜欢。
If he can do it, so can I. 要是他能做此事，我也能。
【典型考题】(答案分别为BBA)
1. So difficult _________ it to work out the problem that I decided to ask Tom
for advice.
A. I did find B. did I find C. I have found D. have I found
2. _________ about wild plants that they decided to make a trip to Madagascar
for further research.
A. so curious the couple was B. So curious were the couple
C. How curious the couple were D. The couple was such curious
3. —It’s burning hot today, isn’t it?—Yes. _________ yesterday.
A. So was it B. So it was C. So it is D. So is it
特别说明：
(1) 若前面提出某一否定的情况，要表示后者也属 于同样的否定情况，则应
将其中的so改为neither或nor。如：
You aren’t young and neither am I. 你不年轻，我也不年轻。
She hasn’t read it and nor have I. 她没有读它，我也没有读。
请看考题(答案选D)：
Mary never does any reading in the evening, _________.
A. so does John B. John does too
C. John doesn’t too D. nor does John
4 9

(2) 注意“So+助动词+主语”与表示强调或同意的“So+主语+助动词”的区别。
如：
“It was cold yesterday.” “So it was.” “昨天很冷。”“的确很冷。”
请看考题(答案分别为CD)：
1. — Maggie had a wonderful time at the party. —_________, and so did I.
A. So she had B. So had she C. So she did D. So did she
2.—Father, you promised! —Well, _________. But it was you who didn’t keep
your word first.
A. so was I B. so did I C. so I was D. so I did
倒装句中的主谓一致
在“副词here, there, now, then, up, down, in, out, away等、作状语或表语的
介词短语或分词短语＋谓语动词 ＋主语”的倒装结构中，谓语动词的数由动词后
面的主语决定。如：
On the wall hang two maps. 墙上挂着两张地图。
On the wall hangs a world of map. 墙上挂着一张世界地图。
Here is your coat. 这是你的外套。
Here are your running-shoes. 这是你的跑鞋。
Such is the result. 结果就是这样。
Such are the results. 这就是结果。
否定副词之后的倒装
否定或近似否定副词(往往是时间或频度副词，如never, rarely, seldom)，或
是具有否定作用的副词，如 little, on no account 等。如：
5 9

Never Seldom has there been so much protest against the Bomb. 这么强烈的
反对原子弹的抗议活动从未 很少 有过。
Little does he realize how important this meeting is. 他对这个会议的重要性不
甚了了。
On no account must you accept any money if he offers it. 他如要给你钱，你可
绝不能接受。
当这种副词不在句首时，当然应该用正常词序：
There has never seldom been so much protest against the Bomb. 从未 很
少发生过这么强烈的反对原子弹的抗议活动。
He little realizes how important this meeting is. 他不甚明白这个会议的重要
性。
另外，有些含有否定意义的介词短语置于句首时，其后也要用倒装。如：
In no case should you give up. 你绝不能放弃。
On no condition should we tell her about it. 我们绝不能把此事告诉她。
On no accounts must this switch be touched.这个开关是绝 不能触摸的。
In [Under] no circumstances will I lend money to him.无论如何我也不会再借钱
给他了。
Under no circumstances should you lend him any money. 你无论如何都不该把
钱借给他。
No way will I go on working for that man. 我不再给那个人工作了。
类似So Neither do I的部分倒装
so neither nor表示前面所说的情况也适合于后者时，其句型是：so
neither nor+特殊词+主语。使句此句型需注意以下几点：①内容是肯定时，用
so，内容是否定时，用ne ither或nor；②“特殊词”与前句中的情态动词、助动
6 9

词或be相同，或根据前句的时态，用do, does, did；③“特殊词”的人称和数与其
后的主语一致；④“特殊词”本身没有否定形式。如：
You are young and so am I. 你年轻，我也年轻。
She likes music and so do I. 她喜欢音乐，我也喜欢。
If he can do it, so can I. 要是他能做此事，我也能。
You aren’t young and neither am I. 你不年轻，我也不年轻。
She hasn’t read it and nor have I. 她没有读它，我也没有读。
涉及so…that的部分倒装
在so... that…结构中，若将so+adj. adv. 置于句首，则其后的主句要用部分
倒装。如：
So cold was the weather that we had to stay at home. 天气太冷，我们只好呆
在家里。
So much did they eat that they could not move for the next hour. 他们吃得太
多了，一个小时都动弹不得。
So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him. 他讲
话声音那么大，隔壁屋里的人都听得见。
So fast does light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed. 光速很快，我们
几乎没法像它的速度。
So sudden was the attack that we had no time to escape. 袭击来得非常突然，
我们来不及逃跑。
类似地，当such…that…结构的such…置 于句首时，such后的句子也要使用部
分倒装。如：
Such a nice man did he seem that we all believe him. 他像个很和蔼的人，所
以我们都喜欢他。
7 9

表语或状语置于句首时的完全倒装
有时为了强调或者为了使句子平衡或者为了使上下文连接得 更加紧密，就
将表语和地点状语(多为介词短语)置于句首，谓语动词也常置于主语前，构成完
全倒装。如：
By the door stood an armed guard. 门口站着一名手持武器的士兵。
At the next table was a pretty girl waiting for someone. 隔壁桌上坐着一个等
人的漂亮姑娘。
Among these people was his friend Jim. 他的朋友吉姆就在这些人当中。
By the window sat a young man with a magazine in his hand. 窗户边坐着一个
年轻人，手里拿着一本杂志。
At the front of the book is a table of contents, giving details of what is in the
book. 书的前部有目录，详列了书中的内容。
as引导让步状语从句时的倒装
as作“虽然”解，引导让步状语从句时，必须将表语、状语 或动词原形提到
as前面。此时应注意几点：一是若提前的表语是没有形容词修饰的单数可数名
词，要省略不定冠词；二是若提前的是动词原形(多为不及物动词)，与之连用的
通常是may, might, will, would等，且这些词都要保留在原来的位置上(主语后)；
三是tho ugh有时也可像as这样使作倒装。如：
Tired as I was, I tried to help them. 虽然我很累，我还是努力帮助他们。
Try as he would, he couldn’t open the door. 他试过多次了, 却仍打不开那
门。
Search as they would, they would find nobody in the house. 无论怎样搜查，他
们在房子里仍然没有找到一个人。
Hard as (though) they tried, they couldn’t make her change her mind. 尽管他们
做了很大努力，却没法让她改变主意。
8 9

Boy as he was, he behaved like a girl. 他虽是个男孩，但举止却像个女孩。
非谓语动词置于句首的倒装
有时为了强调，可将谓语部分的现在分词、过去分词或不定式置于句首，
从而构成倒装。如：
Buried in the sands was an ancient village. 一个古老的村庄被埋在这沙土之
中。
Standing beside the table was his wife. 站在桌旁的是他的妻子。
To be carefully considered are the following questions. 下列问题要仔细考虑。

9 9