高考英语非谓语动词作状语的用法 知识点
横头山-借钱合同
分考点 1 不定式作状语
P
oint 1
做目的状语,意为“为了”,可以单独放在句首、句中或句末。
To pass the
college entrance exam, we must work hard.
为了通过大学入学考试,我们必须努力学习。
Mike had to shout to
make himself heard above the sound of the music.
麦克不得不大声说话,以便能在如此大的音乐下被别人听见。
【特别注意】也可用in
order to 或so as to 表示目的,但so as to 不
能用于句首。
The bus stopped so as to pick up passengers.
公交车停下来以便搭载乘客。
He got up early in order to
catch the first bus.
他早起是为了赶上第一版公交车。
Point
2 作结果状语。常表示令人意外的结果。
Onlyjust to do 表示意想不到的结果
Enough to do 足够做...
Too...to do
太...而不能.....
Sosuch... as to...如此...以至于....
I went to see him last night only just to find
him out.
我昨晚去找他。结果发现他出去了。(表示出乎意料的结果)
Mary
is too tired to do the job.
玛丽太累了,做不了这项工作。
He is old enough to go to school.
第1页共15页
他到上学的年龄了。
Point 3
作原因状语。常用在表示情感或态度的sorry, surprised,
disappointed, excited, glad,happy
等形容词后,常用结构为“主语+系
动词+形容词+to do”。
Tom was
very happy to see his mother.
汤姆看到她的妈妈很高兴。
I was surprised to find him here.
发现他在这里我很开心。
【特别注意】easy, difficult, hard,
cheap, expensive, fit, comfortable,
heavy,
good 等形容词表示主语的特征或性质,后面接不定式作状语
时,不定式和句子主语之间存在被动关
系,但常用主语形式表示被动
意义。
English is easy to learn.
英语学起来很容易。
The book is very hard to understand.
这本书很难理解。
分考点2 分词作状语
形式
Doing
意义
主动,进行
Having doing 主动,完成
Done
Being done
被动,完成;用作形容词,表状态
被动,进行,意为“正在被做”
Having been 被动,完成
done
第2页共15页
Point 1 作时间状语,常用在when,
while,before,since,as引导
的原因状语从句中。
He went
through the papers while having breakfast(= while
he was
having breakfast).
他边吃早饭边看报纸。
When completed(= when it is completed), the
road will be open to the
public.
这条路在竣工后会正式通车。
Point 2
作原因状语,相当于because,since,as 引导的原因状语从句。
Not
understanding this, he asked the teacher about.=
Because he didn’t
understand this,he asked the
teacher about it.
因为不理解,关于那个问题他问了老师。
Defeated by his desk mate, he felt
discouraged.= Because he was
defeated by his
desk mate, he felt discouraged. 由于被同桌打败,他感
到气馁。
Point 3 作条件状语,相当于if, unless引导的条件状语从句。
Working hard, you’ll succeed. = If you work
hard, you will succeed.
如果努力学习,你会成功的。
Given more time, I can finish the work. = If I
am given more time, I can
finish the work.
如果多给我点时间,我就能完成这项工作。
Point 4
作结果状语。常用现在分词表示自然而然的结果,分词前可
第3页共15页
接thus。
Their car was caught in a
traffic jam, thus causing the delay.
他们的车被困在拥挤的交通中,因此耽搁了时间。
The fire lasted
nearly a month, leaving nothing valuable.
大火持续了近一个月,几乎没剩下什么有价值的东西。
【特别注意】过去分词一般不作结果状语。
Point 5 作方式或伴随状语。
He made the boy sit there, promising he would
not hurt him.
他让那个小男孩坐在那边,答应不伤害他。
The
teacher came into the lab, followed by some
students.
老师走进实验室,身后跟着一些学生。(伴随状语)
Point 6
作让步状语,相当于though, although, even if等引导的让
不状语从句。
Warned of the danger, he still went skating on
the thin ice. = Though he
was warned of the
danger, he still went skating on the thin ice.
尽管被警告危险,他依旧在薄冰上滑冰。
Lacking of money, he
managed to borrow money and bought the phone. =
Though he lacked money, he managed to borrow
money and bought the
phone.
虽然缺钱,他还是设法借钱买了手机。
Having been told many
times, he still repeated the same mistake. =
Though he had been told many times, he still
repeated the same mistake.
第4页共15页
虽然被告诫过好多次了,但他仍然重复犯同样的错误。
分考点 3
独立成分作状语
Point
有些分词或不定式短语作状语,其形式的选择不受上下文的影
响,称作独立成分。常见的有:
独立成分
Generally speaking
Frankly
speaking
Judging from by... 根据...来判断
含义
一般来说
honestly 坦白地老实说
Considering...taking..考虑到...
.into
consideration
account
To tell you the
truth
Seeing...
说实话
考虑到....
Supposing suppose 假如...
(that)
Provided providing 假如...
(that)...
Given...
Assuming...
Compared towith
考虑到....
假使...
与...相比
Judging from
his accent, he is from the South.
第5页共15页
从口音上判断,他是南方人。
Considering your
health, you’d better have a rest.
考虑到你的健康,你最好休息一下。
To tell you the truth,
I’m a little tired.
说实话,我有点累。
分考点 4
独立主格结构作状语
Point 1 独立主格结构的含义、特点及构成:
含义:(1)独立主格结构的主语和句子的逻辑主语不同。
(2)独立主格结构中作逻辑主语
的名词或代词与后面的分词、形容
词、副词、不定式、介词短语等是逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系。
(3)独立主格结构一般用逗号与主句分开。
构成:(withwithout)+n.
pron.+adj. adv. to do doing done 介词短
语
Point 2 名词代词+非谓语动词
Weather permitting, we
will go swimming.
如果天气允许,我们就去游泳。
Everything considered, the plan is better.
把一切因素考虑在内的话,这项计划还算不错。
Point 3 with without
+名词代词+宾语补足语
With all lights turned on, the
building looks more beautiful.
灯全亮的时候,大楼显得更婆罗门了。
He lay there thinking,
with his hands behind his head.
第6页共15页
他双手放在头下,躺在那儿思考。
考点23 非谓语动词作定语的用法
分考点1 不定式作定语。
Point 1 不定式作定语表示将来的动作。
I
have a lot of things to do.我有许多事要做。
The
question to be discussed at the meeting is very
important.
将在会议上被讨论的那个问题非常重要。
Point 2
不定式放在某些名词或代词后作定语。
如果做定语的不定式是不及物动词,其后要加介词。
I’m not sure which restaurant to eat
at.我不确定要在哪家餐馆吃饭。
I have no room to live in.
我没有房子住。
He has no pan to write with. 他没有钢笔写字。
Point 3 不定式用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no, all,
any等限定
的中心词,且与中心词为主动关系。
He was the best man
to do the job.
他是做这项工作的最佳人选。
He is always
the first to arrive at the school and the last to
leave the
school.
他总是第一个到达学校,最后一个离校。
Point 4 被修饰词是抽象名词时,用不定式作定语。
常见的该类名词有:ability, chance, idea, hope, wish,
fact, excuse,
promise, attempt, way等。
第7页共15页
Do you have the ability to
read and write in English?
你具备读写英语的能力吗?
I
have no chance to go sightseeing.
我没有机会外出观光。 <
br>【特别注意】不定式作定语时,若句子主语是不定式动作的执行者,
则用主动形式表被动含义;若
句子主语不是不定式动作的执行者,则
用被动形式。
She has a sister
to look after.
她有个妹妹需要照顾。(she是look after的执行者)
I want to go to Beijing. Do you have anything
to be bought?
我要去北京。你有什么东西需要买吗?(you 不是buy的执行者)
分考点2 分词作定语
Point V.-ing
作定语表示主动、进行;being done 作定语表示被动、
进行;done
作定语被动、完成。
The boy standing there is my
brother.
站在那儿的男孩是我的弟弟。(主动、进行)
A broken cup
is lying on the ground.
地上有一只破了的茶杯。(被动,完成)
The houses being built are for the teachers.
正在建的那些房子是为老师建的。(被动,进行)
【特别注意】作定语的不及物动词的分词形式:V.-ing
和过去分词。
过去分词只表示一个动作已完成,不表被动。
第8页共15页
Falling leaves 正在下落的叶子(表示正在进行)
Fallen leaves 落叶(表已完成)
The exploded bomb
已经爆炸的炸弹
A retired miner 已退休的矿工
Returned
students 已归国的留学生
分考点3 动名词作定语
Point
动名词作定语,说明被修饰词的用途或目的。
A walking stick 拐杖
A
reading room 阅览室
A sleeping car 卧铺车
考点24
非谓语动词作宾语补足语的用法
分考点1 不定式作宾语补足语
Point 1
不定式作宾语补足语时,句中的宾语往往就是其逻辑主语,
表将来、主动。
I didn’t
mean you to hear it.
我没打算让你听到这件事。
He wants
me to go with him.
他想让我和他一起去。
Point 2
有些动词及动词短语后接不定式作宾补,即“动词动词短语
+ sb. +to
do”。常见的这类动词或动词短语有:
Advice 建议 allow 允许 ask
询问;要求 beg 乞求 cause
导致 encourage鼓励
第9页共15页
Expect 期望 forbid 禁止
force 强迫 intend 意欲 invite 邀
请 order 订购
Persuade说服 prefer 喜爱 require 需要 teach 教
remind
提醒 tell 告诉
Want 想要 warn 警告
wish 想要 wait for 等待 call on 号
召;要求 depend on
依靠
You are not allowed to smoke here.
此处不允许吸烟。
The doctor warned him not to eat
too much meat.
医生警告他不要吃太多肉。
He depends on
you to help him with his English.
他指望你帮他学英语。
【特别注意】下列结构中用不定式作主语补足语,它们是:sb. be said
believed known reported considered thought +to
do to have done to
be done to be doing to
have been done sth.
He is said to have been
cheated in the street.
据说,他在大街上被骗了。
Heat
is considered to be a form of energy.
热能被看作是一种能量。
The accident is reported to
have killed two people.
据报道,那次事故中死了两个人。
分考点 2 分词作宾语补足语
第10页共15页
Point
1 现在分词作宾语补足语时,表进行,主动。
They use computers to
keep the traffic running smoothly.
他们使用电脑以使交通畅通无阻。
Listen! Do you heard
someone calling for help?
听!你听到有人在求救吗?
Point 2 过去分词作宾语补足语时,表完成,被动。
He tried to
get his work recognized in the medical circles.
他试图使自己的工作在医学界得到认可。
The guests left most of
the dishes untouched, because they didn’t taste
delicious.
大部分的菜,客人们都没动,因为它们不怎么好吃。
考点25 非谓语动词作宾语的用法
Point 1
下列动词只接不定式作宾语,请牢记下面的口诀:
决心学会想希望,拒绝设法愿假装。
主动答应选计划,同意请求帮一帮。
即:decidedetermine, learn,
want, expecthope;refuse, manage, wish,
pretend;offer, promise, choose, plan; agree,
ask beg, help 等后只接不定
式作宾语。
此外
afford,strive, happen, wait, threaten等也要用不定时作宾补。
She pretended no to see me when I passed by.
当我经过时,她假装没看见我。
We agreed to meet here but
so far she hasn’t turned up yet.
第11页共15页
我们约好在这里见面,但是她到现在都还没露面。
Point 2
下列动词只接动名词作宾语,请牢记下面的口诀:
考虑建议盼原谅,承认推迟没得想。
避免错过继续练,否认完成就欣赏。
禁止想象才冒险,不禁介意准逃亡。
即:consider,suggestadvice, look forward to,
excuse pardon;admit,delay
put off, fancy(想要);
avoid, miss, keep keep on, practice; deny, finish,
enjoy appreciate; forbid,imagine, risk; can’t
help, mind,
allowpermit,escape等后只能接动名词作宾语。
此外,be used to(习惯于), lead to, devote to, go
back to, stick to, object
to, get down to, pay
attention to, can’t stand, give up, feel like,
insist on,
thank you for, apologize for, be
busy(in), have difficulty trouble
等动词
短语后要用动名词作宾语。
David suggested selling
your house and car to pay the debt.
戴维建议卖掉你的房子和车来抵债。
The law forbids smoking
in public building.
法律禁止在公共场合吸烟。
I would
appreciate your calling back this afternoon.
今天下午如果你能给我回电话,我将非常感激。
Point 3 不定式作动词
learn, decide, wonder, find out
等的宾语
时,前面常带引导词how,what,whether, where, when等。
He’s still learning how to dance.
第12页共15页
他仍在学怎么跳舞。
I don’t know what to do.
我不知道做些什么。
【特别注意】此用法中的不定式的逻辑主语须与主句的主语或宾语保持一致,否则要用宾语从句。
I wonder how he solved the
problem.
我想知道她是怎样解决这个问题的。
I don’t know
whether the guest will come tonight.
我不知道那位客人今晚是否会来。
分考点 26 非谓语动词作主语、表语的用法
分考点1 不定式作主语和表语
Point 1 不定式作主语,一般表示具体的某次动作。
常用it作形式主
语,而不定时是真正的主语,放在句子的后面,以使句子保持平衡。
To
climb the mountain is hard work but to go down the
mountain is great
fun.
上山很艰难,下山却很好玩。
It is exciting to surf the Internet.
上网是件令人兴奋的事。
It is not easy to find your
way around the town.
在这个小镇要找到路很不容易。
Point
2 不定式作表语时常用来表示预订要发生的动作,也可用来表
示未来的可能性和假设;但当不定式所作
的表语仅用来说明表语的内
第13页共15页
容时,这时的不定式只作单纯的表语,而不具备未来的含义。
His
wish is to be a doctor in the future.
他的愿望是将来当一名医生。
My job is to clean the rooms
every day.
我的工作是每天打扫房间。
分考点2 动名词作主语和表语
Point1 动名词作主语表示一般的、抽象的、泛指的概念,常用it作
形式主语,动名词
作真正的主语放在句末。常用于固定句型It’s a waste
of time
doing...; It’s no use good doing...; it is useless
nice
interesting...doing...; There is no...等中。
Collecting stamps can enlarge one’s knowledge.
集邮可以扩大一个人的知识面。
Smoking is not allowed
here.
此处禁止吸烟。
It is no use arguing with
him about it.
和他争论这件事是没用的。
There is no
joking about such serious matters.
这样严肃的事开不得玩笑。
Point 2
动名词作表语时,多表示抽象的行为,句子主语常表示无生
命的名词或what 引导的名词性从句。
Our job is playing all kinds of music.
我的工作是演奏各种各样的音乐。
第14页共15页
What I
hate most is being laughed at.
我最痛恨的就是被人嘲笑。
第15页共15页